Участник:Sobolezuju/Черновик

Sergei Aleksandrovich Sobolevsky (September 10, 1803, Riga - October 6 [18], 1870, Moscow) was a Russian bibliophile and bibliographer, author of epigrams and other comic poems, a friend of Pushkin, Lermontov and many other writers of the "golden age" of Russian literature, Prosper Merime and many other European writers.

Origin and upbringing

Born in Riga on September 10 (22), 1803. Illegitimate son of landowner Alexander Nikolaevich Soimonov (died 1856) and foreman of widow Anna Ivanovna Lobkova, née Ignatieva (d. 1827). Sobolevsky himself said: "I am branded by the unfortunate nickname of the son of love"; his origin caused an unsuccessful matchmaking to Princess Alexandra Ivanovna Trubetskaya (he was born out of wedlock, but not quite illegally, since his father was still single and his mother was already widowed). According to his father, he was the cousin of the famous Russian Catholic S. Candle and Princess E. Gagarina. It is assigned to the extinct Polish nobir family of Sobolev coat of arms Slepovron (the coat of arms was included in the Sobolevsky ex-libris). He grew up in his mother's house in Moscow.

Sobolevsky's comrades in the Noble Boarding House in St. Petersburg were Lev Pushkin and Pavel Nashchekin, and literature was taught by V. K. Küchelbecker. Through Lev Pushkin and Küchelbecker, Sobolevsky met A. C. Pushkin and other lyceum students of the first issue, as well as E. A. Baratynsky.

Archival young man. Image in the eyes of contemporaries

C. A. Sobolevsky, returning from a trip abroad in 1833, released his beard despite the general ban and was forced to hide from Nicholas I in the gateway After graduating from the boarding school in 1821, since 1822 he served in Moscow - in the archives of the College of Foreign Affairs. The service there was almost purely formal (receiving a lot of money from rich parents, Sobolevsky did not need earnings for a long time); at that time it was passed by "archive young men" (this historyd term belongs to Sobolevsky) - any Dmitry Venevitinov, Pyotr Kireevsky and Stepan Shevyrev. Having got acquainted with literary Moscow (especially close with V. F. Odoevsky, with whom he even co-authored), Sobolevsky quickly becomes famous as an author of caustic epigrams, a lover of ridicule of people of someone else's circle and various kinds of shocking cynical antics (nicknamed Mylord qu'importe - Milord "well, what") and at the same time a man of impeccable literary taste and erudition, a reliable comrade and an interesting interlocutor. Among his good acquaintances in the following years were such younger writers as N. B. Gogol, M. Yu. Lermontov, I. C. Turgenev and L. N. Tolstoy. In the early 1840s, he briefly communicated with members of Belinsky's circle.

Sobolevsky and Pushkin

This portrait (1827) Pushkin ordered by V. A. Tropinin for Sobolevsky Sobolevsky's acquaintance with Pushkin played a very important role in the biography of the poet. Having met Pushkin at the age of 15, Sobolevsky distributed subscription tickets to the unreleased collection of Pushkin's poems; in 1820 he prepared for publication "Ruslan and Lyudmila" (the author was expelled from St. Petersburg); in 1825-1826 he was an intermediary between Pushkin and the "Moscow Telegraph", and after Pushkin's release from exile (1826) introduced him to the Moscow literary public, according to the agent report of the III department "carried him through the taverns, watered and fed him at his own expense". In September 1826. Sobolevsky became "Pushkin's guide to Moscow." Friends met at Vasily Lvovich Pushkin's house on Staraya Basmannaya, d. 36. Sobolevsky found Pushkin at dinner. The poet instructed his friend to hand over a duel challenge to Count F.I. Tolstoy is an "American".

In Sobolevsky's house on the Dog Playground (now, like the square itself, destroyed), Pushkin lived for six months in 1826-1827, for the first time he publicly read Boris Godunov. Subsequently, Sobolevsky led the publication of the second chapter of "Eugene Onegin", "Brothers of Robbers" and "Gypsy". Leaving Moscow for St. Petersburg, Pushkin ordered for a friend V. A. Tropinin's famous portrait.

Their communication continued in St. Petersburg, where Sobolevsky brought Pushkin from France the works of Adam Mickiewicz banned in Russia (and impressed by which Pushkin wrote "The Bronze Horseman"), was an intermediary in Pushkin's contacts with Merima. Repeatedly prevented Pushkin's duels. In particular, Sobolevsky managed to convince him to reconcile with F. I. Tolstoy (American), for a duel with whom the poet had been preparing for six years; later Tolstoy was Pushkin's matchmaker. During the last clash with Dantes, Sobolevsky was in Paris, and many contemporaries (in particular, V. A. Sollogub) believed that only his influence on the poet could deter him from taking a fatal step.

After Pushkin's death, Sobolevsky bothered about material assistance for his family, independently investigated the authorship of Pasquil, which caused the duel. For a long time he refused to write memories of Pushkin, limiting himself to publishing unpublished letters and materials to Pushkin's biography, as well as oral consultations to the first Pushkinists - P. B. Annenkova, P. I. Bartenev, M. N. Longinov. It was only in the last year of his life that Sobolevsky published a memoir article "Mysterious signs in Pushkin's life" raising a very interesting topic.

The poet is not for printing

Sobolevsky's first publication was an acrostic about the phrase "Shalikov is stupid as a deck", also wrote verses about the Sontsov family "Once upon a time there was an Indian rooster", published under the pseudonym Stalinsky (for a long time incorrectly attributed to Baratynsky or Pushkin). Numerous epigrams ("Unknown writer of well-known epigrams" - certification by E. P. Rostopchina, to whom Sobolevsky dedicated the semi-mocking madrigal "Oh, why aren't you a bulldog, only the gentle floor...") was not intended for printing, but in large part they were collected and published posthumously. He also wrote a number of small poems of an obscene nature, many of which, for obvious reasons, have not yet been published.

For review by M. A. Dmitrieva on "Woe from Wit"

Schoolchildren gathered, and soon

Mikhailo Dmitriev scrolled the review,

In which he clearly proved

That "Woe from Wit" is not Mishenkin's grief. Bookmark of the library S. A. Sobolevsky On the publication of Pushkin edited by G. N. Gennadi

O poor sacrifice of two hellish deeds:

Dantes killed you and is published by Gennadi!

Collector and bibliographer

In the second half of his life, Sobolevsky gained European fame as a bibliophile and bibliographer. In the 1840s-1860s, he made several large trips abroad in order to replenish the library and establish scientific contacts. He collected "books about the book" (on the history of printing, bibliography, etc.), as well as travel descriptions. He actively promoted public libraries in Russia and abroad, giving them rare books from his collection. Librarian and treasurer of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, compiled catalogs of several public and private libraries in Moscow. He published a number of articles on the oldest books and manuscripts, including comments on the papers of Catherine II.

I bought an abandoned library of one of the Great Inquisitors from the heirs, transferred it to Russia and returned the unique information contained therein (including in terms of expeditions of the era of great geographical discoveries) to open circulation.

This library was sold by heirs (shortly before Sobolevsky's death, who kept savings in French securities, ruined the Franco-Prussian War) to the Leipzig bookstore, then part moved to the University of Leipzig and the British Museum. His valuable archive was bought at auction by S. D. Sheremetev is still stored in Russian state assemblies.

Recent years

In 1838, Sobolevsky, together with his comrade in the archive, I. C. Maltsov, opened a paper spinning factory in St. Petersburg, known as the Sampsonievsky Manufactory, which strengthened his well-being. In the late 1840s, it burned down. Since then, Sobolevsky has lived now abroad, now in St. Petersburg, now in Moscow. In 1852 he finally settled in Moscow, where he died on October 18, 1870 from a blow. He was buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery.