Восточный блок
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Восточный блок — термин, использовавшийся на Западе во второй половине XX века для обозначения просоветских стран Центральной и Восточной Европы во главе с СССР[1][2][3].
История
Возник после окончания Второй мировой войны как результат прихода к власти «коммунистических» и «рабочих» партий в странах т. н. народной демократии. При этом не все страны региона, провозглашавшие себя социалистическими, входили в Восточный блок: Югославия шла отдельным от СССР путём с 1948 года (см. Советско-югославский раскол) и стала одним из инициаторов Движения неприсоединения, а Албания в 1960-е годы покинула объединения Восточного блока — СЭВ и ОВД (см. Советско-албанский раскол).
Восточный блок закончил своё существование после «бархатной революции» в Чехословакии и объединения Германии в 1990 году. 1 июля 1991 года на встрече в Праге была распущена Организация Варшавского договора, что подвело окончательную черту под существованием Восточного блока.
Совет экономической взаимопомощи
Важнейшую интеграционную роль выполняли экономические структуры СЭВ.
Варшавский договор
Восточный блок был основан не только на идеологической и экономической близости «социалистических» стран, но также на соглашениях о коллективной взаимопомощи при потенциальном нападении блока НАТО.
См. также
Литература
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Ссылки
- На Викискладе есть медиафайлы по теме Восточный блок
- Photographs of Russia in 1967 . Архивировано 31 января 2008 года.
- Candid photos of the Eastern Bloc September-December 1991, in the last months of the USSR
- Photographic project «Eastern Bloc» «Eastern Bloc» examines the specificities and differences of living in totalitarian and post totalitarian countries. The project is divided into chapters, each dedicated to one of the Eastern European countries—Slovak Republic, Poland, ex-GDR, Hungary, Czech Republic and ex-Yugoslavia.
- RFE/RL East German Subject Files Open Society Archives, Budapest
- The Lives of Others official website
- RFE Czechoslovak Unit Open Society Archives, Budapest
- Museum of occupations of Estonia — Project by the Kistler-Ritso Estonian Foundation
- Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
- Gallery of events from Poznań 1956 protests
- OSA Digital Archive Videos of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
- RADIO FREE EUROPE Research, RAD Background Report/29: (Hungary) 20 October 1981, A CHRONOLOGY OF THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION, 23-4 October November 1956, compiled by RAD/Hungarian Section-Published accounts
- Chronology Of Events Leading To The 1968 Czechoslovakia Invasion
- Solidarity, Freedom and Economical Crisis in Poland, 1980-81
- The Berlin Airlift . American Experience. Дата обращения: 5 марта 2007. — A PBS site on the context and history of the Berlin Airlift.
- 1961 JFK speech clarifying limits of American protection during the 1961 Berlin Wall crisis . Архивировано 19 февраля 2006 года.
- Berlin 1983: Berlin and the Wall in the early 1980s . Архивировано 28 сентября 2007 года.
- The Lives of Others official website
- The Lost Border: Photographs of the Iron Curtain
- «Symbols in Transition» Documentary film regarding the post-89 handling of the political symbols and buildings of eastern Europe
Примечания
- ↑ Hirsch, Donald; Kett, Joseph F.; Trefil, James S. (2002), The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 316, ISBN 0-618-22647-8,
Eastern Bloc. The name applied to the former communist states of eastern Europe, including Yugoslavia and Albania, as well as the countries of the Warsaw Pact
- ↑ Satyendra, Kush (2003), Encyclopaedic dictionary of political science, Sarup & Sons, p. 65, ISBN 81-7890-071-8,
the countries of Eastern Europe under communism
- ↑ Compare: Janzen, Jörg. Cities of Pilgrimage / Jörg Janzen, Thomas Taraschewski. — Münster : LIT Verlag, 2009. — Vol. 4. — P. 190. — «Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had de facto been an integral part of the Soviet dominated Eastern Bloc.». — ISBN 9783825816186.