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呼气流量峰值：修订间差异

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'''峰值呼氣流量'''（英文：'''peak expiratory flow'''，'''PEF'''），也稱'''峰值呼氣流量測定'''（英文：'''peak expiratory flow rate''', PEFR）是一個人的最大呼氣速度，用峰值流量計測量，一個用於監測一個人呼吸空氣的能力的[[測定器]]。它測量通過[[支氣管]]的氣流，從而測量氣道中的阻塞程度。
'''峰值呼氣流量'''（英文：'''peak expiratory flow'''，'''PEF'''），也稱'''峰值呼氣流量測定'''（英文：'''peak expiratory flow rate''', PEFR）是一個人的最大呼氣速度，用峰值流量計測量，一個用於監測一個人呼吸空氣能力的[[尖峰流速計]]。它測量通過[[支氣管]]的氣流，從而測量氣道中的阻塞程度。


為了解釋峰值呼氣流量測量的意義，根據從普通人群獲得的測量結果，對參考值（正常值，預測值）進行比較。在文獻中已經出版了各種參考值，並且根據患者的人口，種族，年齡，性別，身高和體重而變化。因此，使用表格或圖表來確定特定個人的正常值。最近，已經開發了醫用計算器來計算呼氣峰流量的預測值。
為了解釋峰值呼氣流量測量的意義，根據從普通人群獲得的測量結果，對參考值（正常值，預測值）進行比較。在文獻中已經出版了各種參考值，並且根據患者的人口，種族，年齡，性別，身高和體重而變化。因此，使用表格或圖表來確定特定個人的正常值。最近，已經開發了醫用計算器來計算呼氣峰流量的預測值。

==測定值的正常範圍 Scales or reference values ==

[[File:Normal values for peak expiratory flow - EU scale.png|thumb|300px|橫軸為年齡。左縱軸為測定值；右縱軸為身高。Men = 男性；Women = 女性<br/> Normal values, shown on EU scale.<ref>Nunn, A. J., and I. Gregg. 1989. New regression equations for predicting peak expiratory flow in adults. Br. Med. J. 298: 1068-1070. Adapted by Clement Clarke for use in EU scale - see [http://www.peakflow.com/top_nav/normal_values/index.html Peakflow.com > Predictive Normal Values (Nomogram, EU scale)]</ref>]]

== Measurement ==

The highest of three readings is used as the recorded value of the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. It may be plotted out on {{tsl|en|graph paper||graph paper}} charts together with a record of symptoms or using peak flow charting software. This allows patients to self-monitor and pass information back to their doctor or nurse.<!--
--><ref name="SIGN2003-Annex8">{{cite journal |author1=Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network |author2=The British Thoracic Society |date=July 2007 | title = British Guideline on the Management of Asthma - Annex 8: Personal Asthma Action Plan | journal = Thorax | volume = 58 | pages = Suppl I | url = http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/Portals/0/Clinical%20Information/Asthma/Guidelines/asthma_fullguideline2007.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate=2011-10-27 | doi = 10.1136/thx.58.suppl_1.i83 }} - for recording chart of PEFR readings</ref>

Peak flow readings are often classified into 3 zones of measurement according to the [[美国肺脏协会|American Lung Association]];<ref>{{cite web| title=How can I determine a normal peak flow rate for me?| author=American Lung Association| url=http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22586}}</ref> green, yellow, and red. Doctors and health practitioners can develop an [[哮喘|asthma]] management plan based on the green-yellow-red zones.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Zone
! Reading
! Description
|-
| Green Zone
| 80 to 100 percent of the usual or normal peak flow readings are clear.
| A peak flow reading in the green zone indicates that the [[哮喘|asthma]] is under good control.
|-
| Yellow Zone
| 50 to 79 percent of the usual or normal peak flow readings
| Indicates caution. It may mean respiratory [[呼吸道|airway]]s are narrowing and additional medication may be required.
|-
| Red Zone
| Less than 50 percent of the usual or normal peak flow readings
| Indicates a {{tsl|en|medical emergency||medical emergency}}. Severe [[呼吸道|airway]] narrowing may be occurring and immediate action needs to be taken. This would usually involve contacting a doctor or hospital.
|}

==History==
The measurement of peak expiratory flow was pioneered by {{tsl|en|Martin Wright (bioengineer)||Martin Wright}}, who produced the first meter specifically designed to measure this index of lung function. Since the original design of instrument was introduced in the late 1950s, and the subsequent development of a more portable, lower cost version (the "Mini-Wright" peak flow meter), other designs and copies have become available across the world.<ref name="pmid13846051">{{cite journal |vauthors=WRIGHT BM, McKERROW CB |title=Maximum forced expiratory flow rate as a measure of ventilatory capacity: with a description of a new portable instrument for measuring it |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5159 |pages=1041–6 |date=November 1959 |pmid=13846051 |pmc=1990874 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.2.5159.1041|url= |accessdate=2014-06-02}}</ref>


==參見==
==參見==
* {{tsl|en|Spirometry||Spirometry}}
* {{tsl|en|Spirometry||Spirometry}}
* {{tsl|en|Metered dose inhaler||Metered dose inhaler}}
* {{tsl|en|Metered dose inhaler||Metered dose inhaler}}
* [[沙丁胺醇|沙丁胺醇]] Salbutamol
* [[沙丁胺醇]]
* [[慢性阻塞性肺病|慢性阻塞性肺病]] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* [[慢性阻塞性肺病]]（COPD）
* [[哮喘|哮喘]] Asthma
* [[哮喘]]
* {{tsl|en|Respiratory monitoring|呼吸監控}} Respiratory monitoring
* {{tsl|en|Respiratory monitoring|呼吸監控}}


== 参考资料 ==
== 参考资料 ==
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==外部連結 ==
==外部連結 ==
{{commons category|Peak expiratory flow}}
{{commons category|Peak expiratory flow}}
*[http://www.nationalasthma.org.au/health-professionals/primary-care-resources/peak-flow-chart National Asthma Council of Australia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160618060927/http://www.nationalasthma.org.au/health-professionals/primary-care-resources/peak-flow-chart National Asthma Council of Australia]
*[http://www.mdcalc.com/estimatedexpected-peak-expiratory-flow-peak-flow/ Estimated Peak Expiratory Flow Calculator]
*[http://www.mdcalc.com/estimatedexpected-peak-expiratory-flow-peak-flow/ Estimated Peak Expiratory Flow Calculator]{{Wayback|url=http://www.mdcalc.com/estimatedexpected-peak-expiratory-flow-peak-flow/ |date=20161124140001 }}
*[http://dynamicmt.com/PEFform.html NHANES III predicted value calculator for Peak Expiratory Flow]
*[http://dynamicmt.com/PEFform.html NHANES III predicted value calculator for Peak Expiratory Flow]{{Wayback|url=http://dynamicmt.com/PEFform.html |date=20190121071416 }}


{{Respiratory physiology}}
{{Respiratory physiology}}
{{portal bar|醫學|生物}}
{{portal bar|醫學|生物}}
[[Category:美国发明|Category:American inventions]]
[[Category:美国发明]]
[[Category:Flow meters||Category:Flow meters]]
[[Category:Flow meters||Category:Flow meters]]
[[Category:醫療設備|Category:Medical equipment]]
[[Category:醫療設備]]
[[Category:呼吸疗法]]
[[Category:呼吸疗法|Category:Respiratory therapy]]
[[Category:哮喘]]
[[Category:哮喘|Category:Asthma]]
[[Category:呼吸生理学]]
[[Category:呼吸生理学]]

2021年8月25日 (三) 15:08的最新版本

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呼氣流量峰值
Peak expiratory flow
A peak flow meter issued in the UK.
MeSHD010366

峰值呼氣流量（英文：peak expiratory flow，PEF），也稱峰值呼氣流量測定（英文：peak expiratory flow rate, PEFR）是一個人的最大呼氣速度，用峰值流量計測量，一個用於監測一個人呼吸空氣能力的尖峰流速計。它測量通過支氣管的氣流，從而測量氣道中的阻塞程度。

為了解釋峰值呼氣流量測量的意義，根據從普通人群獲得的測量結果，對參考值（正常值，預測值）進行比較。在文獻中已經出版了各種參考值，並且根據患者的人口，種族，年齡，性別，身高和體重而變化。因此，使用表格或圖表來確定特定個人的正常值。最近，已經開發了醫用計算器來計算呼氣峰流量的預測值。

參見

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参考资料

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外部連結

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