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贝图拉·马哈苏德：修订间差异

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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name=贝图拉·马哈苏德
⚫
|图像 = Baitullah Mehsud.jpg
⚫
|native_name = {{lang|ur|بیت اللہ محسود}}
|图像大小= 250px

⚫
|图像说明= 貝圖拉·馬哈蘇德
⚫
| image=Baitullah Mehsud.jpg
| image_size = 200
⚫
| caption= 貝圖拉·馬哈蘇德

|order1 =
|order1 =
|office1 = [[巴基斯坦]][[巴基斯坦塔利班运动|塔利班运动]]领导人
|office1 = 第1任[[巴基斯坦塔利班运动]][[埃米尔]]
|term_start1 = 2007年12月
|term_start1 = 2007年12月
|term_end1 = 2009年8月5日
|term_end1 = 2009年8月5日
第13行： 第17行：
|term_start2 = 2004年
|term_start2 = 2004年
|term_end2 = 2007年12月
|term_end2 = 2007年12月
|predecessor2 = 内克·默哈马德
|predecessor2 = {{link-en|尼克·穆罕默德·瓦济尔|Nek Muhammad Wazir|尼克·穆罕默德}}
|successor2 =
|successor2 =

⚫
|姓名 = 贝图拉·马哈苏德<br>{{lang|ur|بیت اللہ محسود}}
⚫
|birth_date= 1974年
⚫
|原名 =
⚫
|birth_place= 巴基斯坦[[开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省]][[本努县]]
⚫
|字 =
⚫
|death_date= {{Death year and age|2009|1974}}
|号 =
⚫
|death_place= 巴基斯坦[[南瓦济里斯坦特区]]
|其他姓名=
|性别 = 男
|parents =
⚫
|spouses = <!--{{marriage|姓名|}} -->
|籍贯 =
⚫
|child =
⚫
|出生日期= 1974年
⚫
|relative = 5个兄弟
⚫
|出生地点= 巴基斯坦[[开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省]][[本努县]]
⚫
|nationality = {{PAK}}
⚫
|逝世日期= {{Death year and age|2009|1974}}
⚫
|religion = [[伊斯兰教]]
⚫
|逝世地点= 巴基斯坦[[南瓦济里斯坦特区]]
| allegiance= [[File:Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg|25px]] [[巴基斯坦塔利班运动]]
|居处 =
| branch=
|政党 = [[巴基斯坦塔利班运动]]
| serviceyears= 2000年代–2009年
|职业 = 恐怖分子
| rank= [[埃米爾]]
|父母 =
| battles= [[反恐戰爭]]：
⚫
|配偶 = <!--{{marriage|姓名|}} -->
*[[巴基斯坦西北部戰爭]]
|子女 =
⚫
|亲属 = 5个兄弟
⚫
|国籍 = {{PAK}}
⚫
|宗教信仰= [[伊斯兰教]]
|学历 =
|母校 =
|网站 =
|签名 =
|脚注 =
}}
}}
'''贝图拉·马哈苏德'''（{{lang-ur|'''بیت اللہ محسود'''}}，{{bd|1974年||2009年|8月5日|catIdx=M}}）<ref name="death_1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8220762.stm|title=Taliban admit commander's death|date=25 August 2009|work=BBC|accessdate=25 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-08-06-voa54.cfm|title=Pakistan Foreign Minister: Taliban Chief Baitullah Mehsud is Dead|work=[[Voice of America]]|date=6 August 2009|author=Ayaz Gul|place=Islamabad|accessdate=7 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807214628/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-08-06-voa54.cfm|archivedate=2009-08-07 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSISL485349|title=Afghan Taliban say unhurt by Mehsud death|author=Hamid Shalizi|author2=Peter Graff|author3=Jeremy Laurence|work=Reuters|place=Kabul|date=7 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009}}</ref>，[[巴基斯坦]][[巴基斯坦塔利班运动|塔利班运动]]创始人兼第1任领导人，2007年12月他把5个军事组织统合成巴基斯坦塔利班运动，他的麾下有5,000名武裝分子，他在巴基斯坦制造了多起爆炸和杀人事件<ref name=Tighe-Katz>{{cite news|author=Tighe, Paul and Katz, Ian|title=Pakistan Challenges Taliban to Show Leader Mehsud Still Alive |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=akFq_Knl5Gd0|work=Bloomberg|date=10 August 2009|accessdate=9 August 2009}}</ref><ref name="NYT22608">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/26/world/asia/26pstan.html|title=Blast Kills Surgeon General of Pakistani Army|publisher=New York Times|author=Masood, Salman|date=26 February 2008|accessdate=26 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227090258/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/26/world/asia/26pstan.html|archivedate=2008-02-27 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name=abbash>Abbas, Hassan."[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17868/profile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html A Profile of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]". ''[[CTC Sentinel]]'' 1 (2): 1–4. January 2008.</ref>。
'''贝图拉·马哈苏德'''（{{lang-ur|بیت اللہ محسود}}，{{bd|1974年||2009年|8月5日|catIdx=M}}）<ref name="death_1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8220762.stm|title=Taliban admit commander's death|date=25 August 2009|work=BBC|accessdate=25 August 2009|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827133409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8220762.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-08-06-voa54.cfm|title=Pakistan Foreign Minister: Taliban Chief Baitullah Mehsud is Dead|work=[[Voice of America]]|date=6 August 2009|author=Ayaz Gul|place=Islamabad|accessdate=7 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807214628/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-08-06-voa54.cfm|archivedate=2009-08-07|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSISL485349|title=Afghan Taliban say unhurt by Mehsud death|author=Hamid Shalizi|author2=Peter Graff|author3=Jeremy Laurence|work=Reuters|place=Kabul|date=7 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009|archive-date=2009-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810214833/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSISL485349|dead-url=no}}</ref>，[[巴基斯坦]][[巴基斯坦塔利班运动|塔利班运动]]创始人兼第1任领导人，2007年12月他把5个军事组织统合成巴基斯坦塔利班运动，他的麾下有5,000名武裝分子，他在巴基斯坦制造了多起爆炸和杀人事件<ref name=Tighe-Katz>{{cite news|author=Tighe, Paul and Katz, Ian|title=Pakistan Challenges Taliban to Show Leader Mehsud Still Alive |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=akFq_Knl5Gd0|work=Bloomberg|date=10 August 2009|accessdate=9 August 2009}}</ref><ref name="NYT22608">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/26/world/asia/26pstan.html|title=Blast Kills Surgeon General of Pakistani Army|publisher=New York Times|author=Masood, Salman|date=26 February 2008|accessdate=26 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227090258/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/26/world/asia/26pstan.html|archivedate=2008-02-27|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name=abbash>Abbas, Hassan."[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17868/profile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html A Profile of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan] {{Wayback|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17868/profile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html |date=20151001123326 }}". ''[[CTC Sentinel]]'' 1 (2): 1–4. January 2008.</ref>。


2009年8月5日贝图拉·马哈苏德被美国[[无人侦察机]]用[[炸弹]]炸死<ref name=ap20090807>{{cite news|title=Aide says Pakistani Taliban leader Mehsud is dead|agency=Associated Press|date=7 August 2009|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090807/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan|accessdate=7 August 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810184923/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090807/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan|archivedate=2009-08-10 }}</ref>。起初[[哈基穆拉·马哈苏德]]对外宣布贝图拉·马哈苏德处于健康状态<ref name=AlJazeera-200908>{{cite news|title=Pakistan Taliban denies leader dead|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/08/2009887522640311.html|publisher=Aljazeera|date=8 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808100657/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/08/2009887522640311.html|archivedate=2009-08-08 |deadurl=no}}</ref>，但是巴基斯坦的阿塔尔·阿巴斯（Athar Abbas）少將和[[美国白宫]]发言人[[罗伯特·吉布斯]]都宣布贝图拉·马哈苏德已经丧生<ref>{{cite news|title=ISPR denies reports of Mehsud killing|url=http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/303b19022816233b/id/528137/cs/1/|publisher=Midwest Radio Network|work=Malayasia Sun|date=7 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918163545/http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/303b19022816233b/id/528137/cs/1/|archivedate=2009-09-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=White House declines to confirm death of Taliban chief in Pakistan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/08/content_11844782.htm|work=Xinhua|date=8 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009}}</ref>。2009年8月23日哈基穆拉·马哈苏德打电话给[[英国广播公司]]（BBC），说贝图拉·马哈苏德在8月23日死亡，原因是8月5日的美国无人侦察机的[[空袭]]<ref name=Subler>{{cite news|author=Subler, Jason, Graham, Patrick and Haider, Kamran|title=UPDATE 3-US says evidence Taliban chief dead "pretty conclusive"|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINISL18195020090809|publisher=Thompson Reuters|work=Reuters|date=9 August 2009|accessdate=9 August 2009}}</ref>。2009年9月30日英国广播公司收到一份展示贝图拉·马哈苏德身体的视频<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8282174.stm| work=BBC|title=Taliban film shows leader is dead|date=30 September 2009|accessdate=26 April 2010}}</ref>。
2009年8月5日贝图拉被美国[[无人侦察机]]用[[炸弹]]炸死<ref name=ap20090807>{{cite news|title=Aide says Pakistani Taliban leader Mehsud is dead|agency=Associated Press|date=7 August 2009|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090807/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan|accessdate=7 August 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810184923/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090807/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan|archivedate=2009-08-10}}</ref>。起初[[哈基穆拉·马哈苏德]]对外宣布贝图拉处于健康状态<ref name=AlJazeera-200908>{{cite news|title=Pakistan Taliban denies leader dead|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/08/2009887522640311.html|publisher=Aljazeera|date=8 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808100657/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/08/2009887522640311.html|archivedate=2009-08-08|deadurl=no}}</ref>，但是巴基斯坦的{{link-en|阿塔尔·阿巴斯|Athar Abbas}}少將和[[美国白宫]]发言人[[罗伯特·吉布斯]]都宣布贝图拉已经丧生<ref>{{cite news|title=ISPR denies reports of Mehsud killing|url=http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/303b19022816233b/id/528137/cs/1/|publisher=Midwest Radio Network|work=Malayasia Sun|date=7 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918163545/http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/303b19022816233b/id/528137/cs/1/|archivedate=2009-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=White House declines to confirm death of Taliban chief in Pakistan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/08/content_11844782.htm|work=Xinhua|date=8 August 2009|accessdate=7 August 2009|archive-date=2012-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102174302/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/08/content_11844782.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2009年8月23日哈基穆拉·马哈苏德打电话给[[英国广播公司]]（BBC），说贝图拉在8月23日死亡，原因是8月5日的美国无人侦察机的[[空袭]]<ref name=Subler>{{cite news|author=Subler, Jason, Graham, Patrick and Haider, Kamran|title=UPDATE 3-US says evidence Taliban chief dead "pretty conclusive"|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINISL18195020090809|publisher=Thompson Reuters|work=Reuters|date=9 August 2009|accessdate=9 August 2009|archive-date=2009-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919084935/http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINISL18195020090809|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2009年9月30日英国广播公司收到一份展示贝图拉身体的视频<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8282174.stm|work=BBC|title=Taliban film shows leader is dead|date=30 September 2009|accessdate=26 April 2010|archive-date=2013-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214111146/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8282174.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


==生平==
==生平==
1974年贝图拉·马哈苏德出生在巴基斯坦[[开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省]][[本努县]]的一个名叫“兰迪多格”的村庄的[[普什图人]]家庭，家中有5个兄弟<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.163.com/09/0811/14/5GEM7KL3000120GR.html |title=马哈苏德其人其事(图) |accessdate=2009 |publisher=网易 |work= |language=zh-hans}}</ref><ref name=janes>{{cite web
1974年贝图拉·马哈苏德出生在巴基斯坦[[开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省]][[本努县]]的一个名叫“兰迪多格”的村庄的[[普什图人]]家庭，家中有5个兄弟<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.163.com/09/0811/14/5GEM7KL3000120GR.html |title=马哈苏德其人其事(图) |accessdate=2009 |publisher=网易 |work= |language=zh-hans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118190855/http://news.163.com/09/0811/14/5GEM7KL3000120GR.html |archive-date=2017-01-18 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=janes>{{cite web
| title = Pakistan's most wanted: Baitullah Mehsud
| title = Pakistan's most wanted: Baitullah Mehsud
| publisher = Jane's Information Group
| publisher = Jane's Information Group
| date = 12 February 2008
| date = 12 February 2008
| url = http://www.janes.com/news/security/terrorism/jtsm/jtsm080212_1_n.shtml
| url = http://www.janes.com/news/security/terrorism/jtsm/jtsm080212_1_n.shtml
| accessdate =19 December 2008}}</ref><ref name=nasir>
| accessdate = 19 December 2008
| archive-date = 2011-01-23
{{cite journal
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110123064020/http://www.janes.com/news/security/terrorism/jtsm/jtsm080212_1_n.shtml
| dead-url = no
⚫
}}</ref><ref name=nasir>{{cite journal
|last = Nasir
|last = Nasir
|first = Sohail Abdul
|first = Sohail Abdul
第65行： 第64行：
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120850/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120850/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1
|archivedate = 2014-09-03
|archivedate = 2014-09-03
}}</ref>。贝图拉·马哈苏德虽然接受过[[教育]]，但是没有完成学业。
}}</ref>。贝图拉虽然接受过[[教育]]，但是没有完成学业。


贝图拉·马哈苏德还是一个[[青年]]时，他就经常从巴基斯坦跑到[[阿富汗]]去，并且加入了阿富汗[[塔利班]]。
贝图拉还是一个[[青年]]时，他就经常从巴基斯坦跑到[[阿富汗]]去，并且加入了阿富汗[[塔利班]]。


2004年阿富汗塔利班领导人内克·默哈马德（Nek Mohammad）死亡后，贝图拉·马哈苏德接替了他，成为了一名领导人<ref name=Rediff20060310>
2004年阿富汗塔利班领导人{{link-en|尼克·穆罕默德·瓦济尔|Nek Muhammad Wazir|尼克·穆罕默德}}死亡后，贝图拉·马哈苏德接替了他，成为了一名领导人<ref name=Rediff20060310>{{cite news
{{cite news
|last = Shehzad
|last = Shehzad
|first = Mohammad
|first = Mohammad
第82行： 第80行：
|archivedate = 2007-12-16
|archivedate = 2007-12-16
|deadurl = yes
|deadurl = yes
⚫
}}</ref>。
}}
⚫
</ref>。


内克·默哈马德死亡后，贝图拉·马哈苏德和阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德（Abdullah Mehsud）共同治理他的塔利班势力，当巴基斯坦军队杀死了阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德之后，他接收了阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德的军事集团，独自一个人治理。
尼克·穆罕默德死亡后，贝图拉·马哈苏德和{{link-en|阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德|Abdullah Mehsud}}共同治理他的塔利班势力，当巴基斯坦军队杀死了阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德之后，他接收了阿卜杜拉的军事集团，独自一个人治理。


阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德是一名塔利班领导人，他被描述成贝图拉·马哈苏德的兄弟<ref name=Dawn20070724>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/24/welcome.htm|title=Former Guantanamo inmate blows himself up in Pakistan|work=Dawn|date=24 July 2007|accessdate=3 March 2008|quote=During Mehsud's time on the run, his brother Baitullah had taken over from him as one of the top Taliban commanders in Pakistan's tribal regions.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007032525/http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/24/welcome.htm|archivedate=2008-10-07}} </ref>。一些资料显示，他们俩是[[氏族战士]]或合作人。《伊斯兰在线》报道说阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德是一名[[双重间谍]]<ref name=TheNews20050729>
阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德是一名塔利班领导人，他被描述成贝图拉·马哈苏德的兄弟<ref name=Dawn20070724>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/24/welcome.htm|title=Former Guantanamo inmate blows himself up in Pakistan|work=Dawn|date=24 July 2007|accessdate=3 March 2008|quote=During Mehsud's time on the run, his brother Baitullah had taken over from him as one of the top Taliban commanders in Pakistan's tribal regions.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007032525/http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/24/welcome.htm|archivedate=2008-10-07}}</ref>。一些资料显示，他们俩是[[氏族战士]]或合作人。《伊斯兰在线》报道说阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德是一名[[双重间谍]]<ref name=TheNews20050729>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10BA83FB28D8CD68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Pakistan tribal leaders threaten to resume attacks against government|work=The News|date=29 July 2005|accessdate=3 March 2008|quote=Baitullah Mehsud, who abandoned his more well-known colleague Abdullah Mehsud to cut a peace deal with the government some months ago in return for amnesty, has warned of "terrible attacks" against the government if he and his men...|archive-date=2013-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520085226/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10BA83FB28D8CD68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=LongwarJournal>{{cite news
{{cite news
|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10BA83FB28D8CD68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
|title=Pakistan tribal leaders threaten to resume attacks against government|work=The News|date=29 July 2005|accessdate=3 March 2008|quote=Baitullah Mehsud, who abandoned his more well-known colleague Abdullah Mehsud to cut a peace deal with the government some months ago in return for amnesty, has warned of "terrible attacks" against the government if he and his men...}}</ref><ref name=LongwarJournal>{{cite news
|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/07/pakistani_taliban_co.php
|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/07/pakistani_taliban_co.php
|title=Pakistani Taliban commander Abdullah Mehsud killed during raid
|title=Pakistani Taliban commander Abdullah Mehsud killed during raid
第98行： 第92行：
|accessdate=3 March 2008
|accessdate=3 March 2008
|quote=Abdullah Mehsud, born Noor Alam, was a member of the Mehsud clan in South Waziristan, and was a clansman of Baitullah Mehsud, the most powerful commander in the tribal agency.
|quote=Abdullah Mehsud, born Noor Alam, was a member of the Mehsud clan in South Waziristan, and was a clansman of Baitullah Mehsud, the most powerful commander in the tribal agency.
|archive-date=2017-05-31
⚫
}}</ref><ref name=Dawn20070725>
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531042811/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/07/pakistani_taliban_co.php
{{cite news
|dead-url=no
}}</ref><ref name=Dawn20070725>{{cite news
|url = http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/25/top2.htm
|url = http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/25/top2.htm
|title = Cornered militant blows himself up
|title = Cornered militant blows himself up
第110行： 第106行：
|archivedate = 2008-03-12
|archivedate = 2008-03-12
|deadurl = no
|deadurl = no
}}</ref><ref name=IslamOnline20080129>
}}</ref><ref name=IslamOnline20080129>{{cite news
{{cite news
|url = http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1199280012324&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout
|url = http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1199280012324&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout
|title = Pakistan's Most Wanted
|title = Pakistan's Most Wanted
第124行： 第119行：
}}</ref>。
}}</ref>。


2005年贝图拉·马哈苏德和[[巴基斯坦政府|巴基斯坦当局]]达成停战协议，他用“不再支持[[蓋達组织]]和[[阿富汗]][[塔利班]]”换取“巴基斯坦当局在[[南瓦济里斯坦特区]]的[[治权]]”，私下里却仍然积蓄实力，壮大队伍<ref name=Tribune20050209>
2005年贝图拉和[[巴基斯坦政府|巴基斯坦当局]]达成停战协议，他用“不再支持[[蓋達组织]]和[[阿富汗]][[塔利班]]”换取“巴基斯坦当局在[[南瓦济里斯坦特区]]的[[治权]]”，私下里却仍然积蓄实力，壮大队伍<ref name=Tribune20050209>{{cite news
⚫
|url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050210/world.htm#3
{{cite news
⚫
|script-title = en:Pakistan paid militants to surrender: Money used to ‘‘repay’’ Al-Qaida debt
⚫
|url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050210/world.htm#3
|publisher = [[The Tribune]]
⚫
|script-title =en:Pakistan paid militants to surrender: Money used to ‘‘repay’’ Al-Qaida debt
|publisher = [[The Tribune]]
|author = [[Ismail Khan]]
|author = [[Ismail Khan]]
|date = 9 February 2005
|date = 9 February 2005
|accessdate = 2007-12-29
⚫
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071231153540/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050210/world.htm#3
|accessdate = 2007-12-29
|archivedate = 2007-12-31
⚫
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071231153540/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050210/world.htm#3
⚫
|deadurl = no
|archivedate = 2007-12-31
|deadurl = no
}}</ref>。
}}</ref>。


2007年1月贝图拉·马哈苏德接受英国广播公司的采访，谈起和美国军队、[[英国军队]]的战斗。12月贝图拉·马哈苏德正式对外宣布“[[巴基斯坦塔利班运动]]”，脱离阿富汗塔利班而自立门户，他和该组织获得了蓋達组织的援助，同时宣布“把[[美国人]]赶出巴基斯坦”。
2007年1月贝图拉·马哈苏德接受英国广播公司的采访，谈起和美国军队、[[英国军队]]的战斗。12月贝图拉正式对外宣布“[[巴基斯坦塔利班运动]]”，脱离阿富汗塔利班而自立门户，他和该组织获得了蓋達组织的援助，同时宣布“把[[美国人]]赶出巴基斯坦”。


2009年8月5日贝图拉·马哈苏德被美国空军无人侦察机空袭炸死，妻子也一同被炸死<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.qq.com/a/20090805/001725.htm|title=巴塔利班头目贝图拉·马哈苏德妻子在空袭中身亡 |accessdate=2009 |publisher=腾讯网 |work= |language=zh-hans}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.163.com/09/0825/23/5HJMUN08000120GU.html |title=巴境内塔利班指挥官证实贝图拉&#149;马哈苏德死亡 |accessdate=2009 |publisher= 网易|work= |language=zh-hans}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-08/26/content_11943562.htm|title=巴基斯坦塔利班组织证实其头目马哈苏德已死亡|accessdate=2009|publisher=新华网|work=|language=zh-hans|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116145934/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-08/26/content_11943562.htm|archivedate=2017-01-16}}</ref>。贝图拉·马哈苏德死后，[[哈基穆拉·马哈苏德]]接任他成为巴基斯坦塔利班运动领导人。
2009年8月5日贝图拉·马哈苏德被美国空军无人侦察机空袭炸死，妻子也一同被炸死<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.qq.com/a/20090805/001725.htm |title=巴塔利班头目贝图拉·马哈苏德妻子在空袭中身亡 |accessdate=2009 |publisher=腾讯网 |work= |language=zh-hans |archive-date=2017-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116191636/http://news.qq.com/a/20090805/001725.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.163.com/09/0825/23/5HJMUN08000120GU.html |title=巴境内塔利班指挥官证实贝图拉&#149;马哈苏德死亡 |accessdate=2009 |publisher=网易 |work= |language=zh-hans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118181404/http://news.163.com/09/0825/23/5HJMUN08000120GU.html |archive-date=2017-01-18 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-08/26/content_11943562.htm|title=巴基斯坦塔利班组织证实其头目马哈苏德已死亡|accessdate=2009|publisher=新华网|work=|language=zh-hans|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116145934/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-08/26/content_11943562.htm|archivedate=2017-01-16}}</ref>。贝图拉死后，[[哈基穆拉·马哈苏德]]接任他成为巴基斯坦塔利班运动领导人。


==参考文献==
==参考文献==
第145行： 第139行：


==外部链接==
==外部链接==
*[http://publication.samachar.com/pub_article.php?id=4977905 Pakistan Taliban chief Baitullah Mehsud killed]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121107103007/http://publication.samachar.com/pub_article.php?id=4977905 Pakistan Taliban chief Baitullah Mehsud killed]
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/report/special-hunt-for-baitullah-meshud/20110215.htm Eye of the Predator by Abhisar Sharma]
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/report/special-hunt-for-baitullah-meshud/20110215.htm Eye of the Predator by Abhisar Sharma]{{Wayback|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/special-hunt-for-baitullah-meshud/20110215.htm |date=20130518141357 }}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7163626.stm BBC Profile – Baitullah Mehsud] [[BBC News]] 28 December 2007
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7163626.stm BBC Profile – Baitullah Mehsud]{{Wayback|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7163626.stm |date=20160902144800 }} [[BBC News]] 28 December 2007
*[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1199280012324&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout Pakistan's Most Wanted] [[IslamOnline.net]], 29 January 2008
*[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1199280012324&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout Pakistan's Most Wanted]{{Wayback|url=http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1199280012324&pagename=Zone-English-News%2FNWELayout |date=20080331142629 }} [[IslamOnline.net]], 29 January 2008
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111206172655/http://www.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2009/drone_war_13672 "The Drone War," by Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedeman in ''The New Republic'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111206172655/http://www.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2009/drone_war_13672 "The Drone War," by Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedeman in ''The New Republic'']
* [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/10/26/091026fa_fact_mayer "The Predator War," by Jane Mayer, ''The New Yorker'']
* [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/10/26/091026fa_fact_mayer "The Predator War," by Jane Mayer, ''The New Yorker'']{{Wayback|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/10/26/091026fa_fact_mayer |date=20131029034804 }}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=内克·默哈马德}}
{{s-bef|before={{link-en|尼克·穆罕默德·瓦济尔|Nek Muhammad Wazir}} }}
{{s-ttl|title=[[巴基斯坦塔利班运动|巴基斯坦塔利班运动领导人]]|years=2004年到2009年}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[巴基斯坦塔利班运动]]领导人|years=2004年－2009年}}
{{s-aft|after=[[哈基穆拉·马哈苏德]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[哈基穆拉·马哈苏德]]}}
{{end}}
{{end}}

2021年9月14日 (二) 11:02的最新版本

贝图拉·马哈苏德
بیت اللہ محسود‎
貝圖拉·馬哈蘇德
第1任巴基斯坦塔利班运动埃米尔
任期
2007年12月—2009年8月5日
继任哈基穆拉·马哈苏德
阿富汗塔利班分支领导人
任期
2004年—2007年12月
前任尼克·穆罕默德（英语：Nek Muhammad Wazir）
个人资料
出生1974年
巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省本努县
逝世2009年（34—35歲）
巴基斯坦南瓦济里斯坦特区
国籍 巴基斯坦
宗教信仰伊斯兰教
军事背景
效忠 巴基斯坦塔利班运动
服役时间2000年代–2009年
军衔埃米爾
参战反恐戰爭：

贝图拉·马哈苏德（乌尔都语：بیت اللہ محسود‎‎，1974年—2009年8月5日）[1][2][3]，巴基斯坦塔利班运动创始人兼第1任领导人，2007年12月他把5个军事组织统合成巴基斯坦塔利班运动，他的麾下有5,000名武裝分子，他在巴基斯坦制造了多起爆炸和杀人事件[4][5][6]。

2009年8月5日贝图拉被美国无人侦察机用炸弹炸死[7]。起初哈基穆拉·马哈苏德对外宣布贝图拉处于健康状态[8]，但是巴基斯坦的阿塔尔·阿巴斯（英语：Athar Abbas）少將和美国白宫发言人罗伯特·吉布斯都宣布贝图拉已经丧生[9][10]。2009年8月23日哈基穆拉·马哈苏德打电话给英国广播公司（BBC），说贝图拉在8月23日死亡，原因是8月5日的美国无人侦察机的空袭[11]。2009年9月30日英国广播公司收到一份展示贝图拉身体的视频[12]。

生平

[编辑]

1974年贝图拉·马哈苏德出生在巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省本努县的一个名叫“兰迪多格”的村庄的普什图人家庭，家中有5个兄弟[13][14][15]。贝图拉虽然接受过教育，但是没有完成学业。

贝图拉还是一个青年时，他就经常从巴基斯坦跑到阿富汗去，并且加入了阿富汗塔利班。

2004年阿富汗塔利班领导人尼克·穆罕默德（英语：Nek Muhammad Wazir）死亡后，贝图拉·马哈苏德接替了他，成为了一名领导人[16]。

尼克·穆罕默德死亡后，贝图拉·马哈苏德和阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德（英语：Abdullah Mehsud）共同治理他的塔利班势力，当巴基斯坦军队杀死了阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德之后，他接收了阿卜杜拉的军事集团，独自一个人治理。

阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德是一名塔利班领导人，他被描述成贝图拉·马哈苏德的兄弟[17]。一些资料显示，他们俩是氏族战士或合作人。《伊斯兰在线》报道说阿卜杜拉·马哈苏德是一名双重间谍[18][19][20][21]。

2005年贝图拉和巴基斯坦当局达成停战协议，他用“不再支持蓋達组织和阿富汗塔利班”换取“巴基斯坦当局在南瓦济里斯坦特区的治权”，私下里却仍然积蓄实力，壮大队伍[22]。

2007年1月贝图拉·马哈苏德接受英国广播公司的采访，谈起和美国军队、英国军队的战斗。12月贝图拉正式对外宣布“巴基斯坦塔利班运动”，脱离阿富汗塔利班而自立门户，他和该组织获得了蓋達组织的援助，同时宣布“把美国人赶出巴基斯坦”。

2009年8月5日贝图拉·马哈苏德被美国空军无人侦察机空袭炸死，妻子也一同被炸死[23][24][25]。贝图拉死后，哈基穆拉·马哈苏德接任他成为巴基斯坦塔利班运动领导人。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Taliban admit commander's death. BBC. 25 August 2009 [25 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）. 
  2. ^ Ayaz Gul. Pakistan Foreign Minister: Taliban Chief Baitullah Mehsud is Dead. Voice of America (Islamabad). 6 August 2009 [7 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-07）. 
  3. ^ Hamid Shalizi; Peter Graff; Jeremy Laurence. Afghan Taliban say unhurt by Mehsud death. Reuters (Kabul). 7 August 2009 [7 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-10）. 
  4. ^ Tighe, Paul and Katz, Ian. Pakistan Challenges Taliban to Show Leader Mehsud Still Alive. Bloomberg. 10 August 2009 [9 August 2009]. 
  5. ^ Masood, Salman. Blast Kills Surgeon General of Pakistani Army. New York Times. 26 February 2008 [26 August 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-02-27）. 
  6. ^ Abbas, Hassan."A Profile of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". CTC Sentinel 1 (2): 1–4. January 2008.
  7. ^ Aide says Pakistani Taliban leader Mehsud is dead. Associated Press. 7 August 2009 [7 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-10）. 
  8. ^ Pakistan Taliban denies leader dead. Aljazeera. 8 August 2009 [7 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-08）. 
  9. ^ ISPR denies reports of Mehsud killing. Malayasia Sun (Midwest Radio Network). 7 August 2009 [7 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-18）. 
  10. ^ White House declines to confirm death of Taliban chief in Pakistan. Xinhua. 8 August 2009 [7 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-02）. 
  11. ^ Subler, Jason, Graham, Patrick and Haider, Kamran. UPDATE 3-US says evidence Taliban chief dead "pretty conclusive". Reuters (Thompson Reuters). 9 August 2009 [9 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-19）. 
  12. ^ Taliban film shows leader is dead. BBC. 30 September 2009 [26 April 2010]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-14）. 
  13. ^ 马哈苏德其人其事(图). 网易. [2009]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-18） （中文（简体））. 
  14. ^ Pakistan's most wanted: Baitullah Mehsud. Jane's Information Group. 12 February 2008 [19 December 2008]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-23）. 
  15. ^ Nasir, Sohail Abdul. Baitullah Mehsud: South Waziristan's Unofficial Amir. Terrorism Focus. 9 July 2006, 3 (26) [29 December 2008]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-03）. 
  16. ^ Shehzad, Mohammad. Why is the Pakistan army scared of this man?. rediff. 10 March 2006 [29 December 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-16）. 
  17. ^ Former Guantanamo inmate blows himself up in Pakistan. Dawn. 24 July 2007 [3 March 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-07）. During Mehsud's time on the run, his brother Baitullah had taken over from him as one of the top Taliban commanders in Pakistan's tribal regions. 
  18. ^ Pakistan tribal leaders threaten to resume attacks against government. The News. 29 July 2005 [3 March 2008]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-20）. Baitullah Mehsud, who abandoned his more well-known colleague Abdullah Mehsud to cut a peace deal with the government some months ago in return for amnesty, has warned of "terrible attacks" against the government if he and his men... 
  19. ^ Bill Roggio. Pakistani Taliban commander Abdullah Mehsud killed during raid. Longwar Journal. 24 July 2007 [3 March 2008]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-31）. Abdullah Mehsud, born Noor Alam, was a member of the Mehsud clan in South Waziristan, and was a clansman of Baitullah Mehsud, the most powerful commander in the tribal agency. 
  20. ^ Saleem Shahid. Cornered militant blows himself up. Dawn (newspaper). 25 July 2007 [2008-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-12）. Security was beefed up in Zhob and on Balochistan’s border with Waziristan after the killing of Abdullah Mehsud, the most important Taliban commander in the country after Baitullah Mehsud. 
  21. ^ Aamir Latif. Pakistan's Most Wanted. Islam Online. 29 January 2008 [2008-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-31）. 
  22. ^ Ismail Khan. Pakistan paid militants to surrender: Money used to ‘‘repay’’ Al-Qaida debt. The Tribune. 9 February 2005 [2007-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-31）. 
  23. ^ 巴塔利班头目贝图拉·马哈苏德妻子在空袭中身亡. 腾讯网. [2009]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-16） （中文（简体））. 
  24. ^ 巴境内塔利班指挥官证实贝图拉&#149;马哈苏德死亡. 网易. [2009]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-18） （中文（简体））. 
  25. ^ 巴基斯坦塔利班组织证实其头目马哈苏德已死亡. 新华网. [2009]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-16） （中文（简体））. 

外部链接

[编辑]
军职
前任者：
尼克·穆罕默德·瓦济尔（英语：Nek Muhammad Wazir） 		巴基斯坦塔利班运动领导人
2004年－2009年 		繼任者：
哈基穆拉·马哈苏德
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=贝图拉·马哈苏德&oldid=67699532”