跳转到内容

白堊尖吻鯊：修订间差异

维基百科，自由的百科全书
以互动方式浏览历史
←上一版本
删除的内容 添加的内容
可视化wikitext
DinosaursKing（留言 | 贡献）
95次编辑
→食性：​ 根據化石證據，白堊刺甲鯊確實會攻擊大型滄龍，故此修正。
标签：手工回退
PTTjoker（留言 | 贡献）
54次编辑
小 修正筆誤
 
（未显示6个用户的15个中间版本）
第1行： 第1行：
{{automatic taxobox
{{automatic taxobox
| name = 白堊刺甲鯊
| name = 白堊尖吻鯊
| status = fossil
| status = fossil
|fossil_range = [[阿爾布期]]-[[坎帕期]]<ref name= ShimadaStrat>{{Cite journal|author=Kenshu Shimada|title=Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'' (Agassiz), in Kansas|year=1997|journal=[[Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science]]|volume=100|issue=3/4|pages=139–149|jstor=3628002|doi=10.2307/3628002}}</ref><ref name=SiversonandLindgren>{{Cite journal|author=Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren|title=Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA|url=https://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app50/app50-301.pdf|year=2005|journal=[[Acta Palaeontologica Polonica]]|access-date=2018-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809150759/http://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app50/app50-301.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-09|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref><ref name = Ward2009>{{cite book|author=David Ward|title=Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays|publisher=The [[Paleontological Association]]|pages=279–299|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280316422|year=2009|access-date=2019-07-31|archive-date=2019-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731071259/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280316422|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=GeologicTime>{{cite book|author=J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov|title=Cretaceous|year=2012|pages=793–853|journal=The Geologic Time Scale 2012|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5|isbn=9780444594259}}</ref><ref name = Cooketal2017>{{cite journal|author=Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish.|title=A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions|year=2017|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=54|issue=9|pages=973–980|doi=10.1139/cjes-2016-0233|hdl=1807/77762|bibcode=2017CaJES..54..973C}}</ref><ref name=Larsonetal>{{cite journal|author=Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell|title=Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed|year=2010|volume=47|issue=9|pages=1159–1181|doi=10.1139/E10-005|journal=[[Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences]]|bibcode=2010CaJES..47.1159L}}</ref> {{fossil range|107.59|73.2|earliest=70.44}}
|fossil_range = [[阿爾布期]]-[[坎帕期]]<ref name= ShimadaStrat>{{Cite journal|author=Kenshu Shimada|title=Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'' (Agassiz), in Kansas|year=1997|journal=[[Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science]]|volume=100|issue=3/4|pages=139–149|jstor=3628002|doi=10.2307/3628002}}</ref><ref name=SiversonandLindgren>{{Cite journal|author=Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren|title=Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA|url=https://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app50/app50-301.pdf|year=2005|journal=[[Acta Palaeontologica Polonica]]|access-date=2018-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809150759/http://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app50/app50-301.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-09|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref><ref name = Ward2009>{{cite book|author=David Ward|title=Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays|publisher=The [[Paleontological Association]]|pages=279–299|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280316422|year=2009|access-date=2019-07-31|archive-date=2019-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731071259/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280316422|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=GeologicTime>{{cite book|author=J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov|title=Cretaceous|year=2012|pages=793–853|journal=The Geologic Time Scale 2012|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5|isbn=9780444594259}}</ref><ref name = Cooketal2017>{{cite journal|author=Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish.|title=A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions|year=2017|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=54|issue=9|pages=973–980|doi=10.1139/cjes-2016-0233|hdl=1807/77762|bibcode=2017CaJES..54..973C}}</ref><ref name=Larsonetal>{{cite journal|author=Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell|title=Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-earth-sciences_2010-09_47_9/page/1159|year=2010|volume=47|issue=9|pages=1159–1181|doi=10.1139/E10-005|journal=[[Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences]]|bibcode=2010CaJES..47.1159L}}</ref> {{fossil range|107.59|73.2|earliest=70.44}}
| image =Cretoxyrhina mantelli 21DB.jpg|thumb
| image =Cretoxyrhina mantelli 21DB.jpg|thumb
| image_width = 250px
| image_width = 250px
| image2 = Zahn eines Cretoxyrhina mantelli.JPG
| image2 = Zahn eines Cretoxyrhina mantelli.JPG
| image2_width = 250px
| image2_width = 250px
| image2_caption =白堊刺甲鯊（''Cretoxyrhina mantelli''）牙齒化石
| image2_caption =白堊尖吻鯊（''Cretoxyrhina mantelli''）牙齒化石
| taxon = Cretoxyrhina
| taxon = Cretoxyrhina
| authority = Glückman, 1958
| authority = Glückman, 1958
| subdivision_ranks = [[物種|種]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[物種|種]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
* {{extinct}}'''曼氏白堊刺甲鯊 ''C. mantelli''''' <br><small>[[路易士·阿格西|Agassiz]], 1843 ([[模式種]])</small>
* {{extinct}}'''曼氏白堊尖吻鯊 ''C. mantelli''''' <br><small>[[路易士·阿格西|Agassiz]], 1843 ([[模式種]])</small>
* {{extinct}}'''粗齒白堊刺甲鯊 ''C. denticulata''''' <small>Glückman, 1957</small>
* {{extinct}}'''粗齒白堊尖吻鯊 ''C. denticulata''''' <small>Glückman, 1957</small>
* {{extinct}}'''韋拉科白堊刺甲鯊 ''C. vraconensis''''' <small>Zhelezko, 2000</small>
* {{extinct}}'''韋拉科白堊尖吻鯊 ''C. vraconensis''''' <small>Zhelezko, 2000</small>
* {{extinct}}'''阿格西白堊刺甲鯊 ''C. agassizensis''''' <small>Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010</small>
* {{extinct}}'''阿格西白堊尖吻鯊 ''C. agassizensis''''' <small>Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010</small>
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'''''
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'''''
| type_species_authority = [[路易士·阿格西|Agassiz]], 1843
| type_species_authority = [[路易士·阿格西|Agassiz]], 1843
第55行： 第55行：
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''白堊刺甲鯊'''（[[學名]]：''Cretoxyrhina''）是生存於[[白堊紀]]的一屬大型[[鯊魚]]。
'''白堊尖吻鯊'''（[[學名]]：''Cretoxyrhina''），舊譯'''白垩刺甲鲨'''、'''金廚鯊'''，是生存於[[白堊紀]]的一種大型史前[[鯊魚]]。


== 發現歷史 ==
== 發現歷史 ==
白堊刺甲鯊是由[[路易士·阿格西]]（Louis Agassiz）於1843年命名。後來[[查爾斯·斯騰伯格]]（Charles H. Sternberg）於1890年在[[美國]][[肯薩斯州]]發現了一個最為完整的標本。這套標本包含了差不多完整的[[脊椎]]及超過250顆[[牙齒]]，估計長度達20呎。查爾斯將之命名為''Oxyrhina mantelli''<ref name="GGS">{{Cite web|last=Everhart|first=Mike|title=A Giant Ginsu Shark (''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'' Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas|url=http://www.oceansofkansas.com/BigShark.html|date=2009-01-30|accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref>。
白堊尖吻鯊是由[[路易士·阿格西]]（Louis Agassiz）於1843年命名。後來[[查爾斯·斯騰伯格]]（Charles H. Sternberg）於1890年在[[美國]][[肯薩斯州]]發現了一個最為完整的標本。這套標本包含了差不多完整的[[脊椎]]及超過250顆[[牙齒]]，估計長度達20呎。查爾斯將之命名為''Oxyrhina mantelli''<ref name="GGS">{{Cite web|last=Everhart|first=Mike|title=A Giant Ginsu Shark (''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'' Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas|url=http://www.oceansofkansas.com/BigShark.html|date=2009-01-30|accessdate=2010-01-05|archive-date=2020-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808225257/http://oceansofkansas.com/BigShark.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

⚫
近年發現了更多白堊尖吻鯊的標本。其中一個是於1891年由[[喬治·史登柏格]]（George Sternberg）所發現，並存放在[[慕尼黑]]博物館。這個標本估計也有20呎長，但因[[二次大戰]]轟炸而遭受破壞<ref name="GGS" />。


⚫
近年發現了更多白堊刺甲鯊的標本。其中一個是於1891年由[[喬治·史登柏格]]（George Sternberg）所發現，並存放在[[慕尼黑]]博物館。這個標本估計也有20呎長，但因[[二次大戰]]轟炸而遭受破壞<ref name="GGS" />。
== 特徵 ==
== 特徵 ==
[[File:Cretoxyrhina.jpg|thumb|left|白堊刺甲鯊的[[牙齒]]。]]
[[File:Cretoxyrhina.jpg|thumb|left|白堊刺甲鯊的[[牙齒]]。]]
白堊刺甲鯊可以長達7.5米-9米，比現今的[[大白鯊]]還要大。白堊刺甲鯊的[[牙齒]]長達7厘米<ref name="LS">{{Cite web|last=Everhart|first=Mike|title=Large Sharks in the Western Interior Sea|url=http://www.oceansofkansas.com/sharks/Kansas/fickcret.jpg|accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref>，彎曲，邊緣光滑，表面有一層很厚的[[琺瑯質]]。
白堊尖吻鯊可以長達7.5米-9米，比現今的大白鯊還要大。白堊尖吻鯊的牙齒長達7厘米<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oceansofkansas.com/sharks/Kansas/fickcret.jpg |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-07-16 |archive-date=2021-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716093535/http://oceansofkansas.com/sharks/Kansas/fickcret.jpg |dead-url=no }}</ref>，彎曲，邊緣光滑，表面有一層很厚的琺瑯質。


在[[肯薩斯州]][[尼奥布拉拉白堊層]]（Niobrara Chalk）所發現的白堊刺甲鯊標本顯示，它們的外觀像現今的[[大白鯊]]<ref name="CFS">{{Cite journal en|author=Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V.|title=Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'', from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas|url=http://www.nmnaturalhistory.org/science/bulletins/35/sci_bulletin35_22.pdf|date=2006|accessdate=2009-10-02|publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History}}</ref>。尾鰭顯示它們是一类很活躍的[[鯊魚]]，可以游得很快<ref name="CFS" />。
在[[肯薩斯州]][[尼奥布拉拉白堊層]]（Niobrara Chalk）所發現的白堊尖吻鯊標本顯示，它們的外觀像現今的[[大白鯊]]<ref name="CFS">{{Cite journal en|author=Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V.|title=Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'', from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas|url=http://www.nmnaturalhistory.org/science/bulletins/35/sci_bulletin35_22.pdf|date=2006|accessdate=2009-10-02|publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History}}</ref>。尾鰭顯示它們是一类很活躍的[[鯊魚]]，可以游得很快<ref name="CFS" />。


== 分佈 ==
== 分佈 ==
白堊刺甲鯊分佈在[[森諾曼階]]至[[坎帕階]]的全球海域，包括[[北美洲]]的[[西部內陸海道]]<ref name="CFS" />。
白堊尖吻鯊分布在[[森諾曼階]]至[[坎帕階]]的全球海域，包括北美洲的[[西部內陸海道]]。


== 食性 ==
== 食性 ==
[[File:Kansas sea2DB.jpg|thumb|left|在[[西部內陸海道]]中，一隻白堊刺甲鯊與兩隻[[角鱗鯊屬]]環繞者一個[[破碎龍]]的屍體。]]
[[File:Kansas sea2DB.jpg|thumb|left|在[[西部內陸海道]]中，一隻白堊刺甲鯊與兩隻[[角鱗鯊屬]]環繞著一個[[破碎龍]]的屍體。]]
白堊刺甲鯊是它們生存時期最大型的[[鯊魚]]，屬於[[海洋]]中主要的[[掠食者]]之一。[[化石]]紀錄顯示它們獵食多類水生動物，如[[滄龍科]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Rothschild, B. M.|title=Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive?|url=http://www.njgonline.nl/publish/articles/000268/article.pdf|date=2005|accessdate=2009-10-02|journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21|issue=4|pages=335-340|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052420/http://www.njgonline.nl/publish/articles/000268/article.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-16}}</ref>、[[蛇頸龍亞目]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Everhart, M. J.|title=Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli''|url=http://www.palarch.nl/wp-content/everhart_mj_bite_marks_on_an_elasmosaur_sauropterygia_plesiosauria_paddle_from_the_niobrara_chalk_upper_cretaceous_as_probable_evidence_of_feeding_by_the_lamniform_shark_cretoxyrhina_mantelli_palarchs.pdf|date=2005|accessdate=2009-10-02|publisher=PalArch Foundation|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064113/http://www.palarch.nl/wp-content/everhart_mj_bite_marks_on_an_elasmosaur_sauropterygia_plesiosauria_paddle_from_the_niobrara_chalk_upper_cretaceous_as_probable_evidence_of_feeding_by_the_lamniform_shark_cretoxyrhina_mantelli_palarchs.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>、[[劍射魚]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Shimada, Kenshu|title=Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'' (Agassiz)|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_199709/ai_n8760035/pg_5/?tag=content;col1|date=1997|accessdate=2009-10-02|journal=Journal of Paleontology}}</ref>及[[原蓋龜科]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E.|title=Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200401/ai_n9368107/|date=2004|accessdate=2009-10-02|journal=Journal of Paleontology}}</ref>。
白堊尖吻鯊是它們生存時期最大型的[[鯊魚]]之一，屬於[[海洋]]中主要的[[掠食者]]之一。[[化石]]紀錄顯示它們獵食多類水生動物，如[[滄龍科]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Rothschild, B. M.|title=Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive?|url=http://www.njgonline.nl/publish/articles/000268/article.pdf|date=2005|accessdate=2009-10-02|journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21|issue=4|pages=335-340|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052420/http://www.njgonline.nl/publish/articles/000268/article.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-16}}</ref>、[[蛇頸龍亞目]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Everhart, M. J.|title=Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli''|url=http://www.palarch.nl/wp-content/everhart_mj_bite_marks_on_an_elasmosaur_sauropterygia_plesiosauria_paddle_from_the_niobrara_chalk_upper_cretaceous_as_probable_evidence_of_feeding_by_the_lamniform_shark_cretoxyrhina_mantelli_palarchs.pdf|date=2005|accessdate=2009-10-02|publisher=PalArch Foundation|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064113/http://www.palarch.nl/wp-content/everhart_mj_bite_marks_on_an_elasmosaur_sauropterygia_plesiosauria_paddle_from_the_niobrara_chalk_upper_cretaceous_as_probable_evidence_of_feeding_by_the_lamniform_shark_cretoxyrhina_mantelli_palarchs.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>、[[劍射魚]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Shimada, Kenshu|title=Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, ''Cretoxyrhina mantelli'' (Agassiz)|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_199709/ai_n8760035/pg_5/?tag=content;col1|date=1997|accessdate=2009-10-02|journal=Journal of Paleontology|archive-date=2016-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109064902/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_199709/ai_n8760035/pg_5/?tag=content;col1|dead-url=no}}</ref>及[[原蓋龜科]]<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E.|title=Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200401/ai_n9368107/|date=2004|accessdate=2009-10-02|journal=Journal of Paleontology|archive-date=2016-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109064902/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200401/ai_n9368107/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


== 參考 ==
== 參考 ==
第79行： 第80行：
== 外部連結 ==
== 外部連結 ==
* [http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/prehistoric/cretoxyrhina.html 國家地理頻道] {{Wayback|url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/prehistoric/cretoxyrhina.html |date=20110723140726 }}
* [http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/prehistoric/cretoxyrhina.html 國家地理頻道] {{Wayback|url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/prehistoric/cretoxyrhina.html |date=20110723140726 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q-8HRI-4dM Mega Beasts: Sea of Killers]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q-8HRI-4dM Mega Beasts: Sea of Killers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q-8HRI-4dM |date=20200422161441 }}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q620515}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q620515}}

2022年7月7日 (四) 05:38的最新版本

白堊尖吻鯊
化石时期：阿爾布期-坎帕期[1][2][3][4][5][6] 107.59–73.2 Ma
白堊尖吻鯊（Cretoxyrhina mantelli）牙齒化石
保护状况
无效状况
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
亚类： 鲨总目 Selachimorpha
目： 鼠鲨目 Lamniformes
科： †白堊刺甲鯊科 Cretoxyrhinidae
属： †白堊刺甲鯊屬 Cretoxyrhina
Glückman, 1958
模式種
†Cretoxyrhina mantelli
Agassiz, 1843
種
  • †曼氏白堊尖吻鯊 C. mantelli
    Agassiz, 1843 (模式種)
  • †粗齒白堊尖吻鯊 C. denticulata Glückman, 1957
  • †韋拉科白堊尖吻鯊 C. vraconensis Zhelezko, 2000
  • †阿格西白堊尖吻鯊 C. agassizensis Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010
異名
異名列表
  • 角鯊屬 Squalus
      • Squalus mustelus Mantell, 1822
      • Squalus zygaena Mantell, 1822
      • Squalus acaule Nilsson, 1827
    鼠鯊屬 Lamna
      • Lamna mantellii Agassiz, 1835
      • Lamna acuminata Agassiz, 1838
      • Lamna cornubica Schimdt, 1846
      • Lamna petricoriensis Coquand, 1860
      • Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz, 1876
    Oxyrhina
      • Oxyrhina mantellii Agassiz, 1838
      • Oxyrhina subinflata Agassiz, 1876
      • Oxyrhina extenta Leidy, 1873
      • Otodus appendiculatus Agassiz, 1838
      • Otodus oxyrhinoides Sauvage, 1872
    鯖鯊屬 Isurus
      • Isurus mantelli Agassiz, 1843
      • Isurus denticulatus Glückman, 1957
    Pseudoisurus
      • Pseudoisurus mantelli Zhelezko, 2000
      • Pseudoisurus vraconensis Zhelezko, 2000
    Telodontaspis
      • Telodontaspis agassizensis Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010

白堊尖吻鯊（學名：Cretoxyrhina），舊譯白垩刺甲鲨、金廚鯊，是生存於白堊紀的一種大型史前鯊魚。

發現歷史

[编辑]

白堊尖吻鯊是由路易士·阿格西（Louis Agassiz）於1843年命名。後來查爾斯·斯騰伯格（Charles H. Sternberg）於1890年在美國肯薩斯州發現了一個最為完整的標本。這套標本包含了差不多完整的脊椎及超過250顆牙齒，估計長度達20呎。查爾斯將之命名為Oxyrhina mantelli[7]。

近年發現了更多白堊尖吻鯊的標本。其中一個是於1891年由喬治·史登柏格（George Sternberg）所發現，並存放在慕尼黑博物館。這個標本估計也有20呎長，但因二次大戰轟炸而遭受破壞[7]。

特徵

[编辑]
白堊刺甲鯊的牙齒。

白堊尖吻鯊可以長達7.5米-9米，比現今的大白鯊還要大。白堊尖吻鯊的牙齒長達7厘米[8]，彎曲，邊緣光滑，表面有一層很厚的琺瑯質。

在肯薩斯州尼奥布拉拉白堊層（Niobrara Chalk）所發現的白堊尖吻鯊標本顯示，它們的外觀像現今的大白鯊[9]。尾鰭顯示它們是一类很活躍的鯊魚，可以游得很快[9]。

分佈

[编辑]

白堊尖吻鯊分布在森諾曼階至坎帕階的全球海域，包括北美洲的西部內陸海道。

食性

[编辑]
在西部內陸海道中，一隻白堊刺甲鯊與兩隻角鱗鯊屬環繞著一個破碎龍的屍體。

白堊尖吻鯊是它們生存時期最大型的鯊魚之一，屬於海洋中主要的掠食者之一。化石紀錄顯示它們獵食多類水生動物，如滄龍科[10]、蛇頸龍亞目[11]、劍射魚[12]及原蓋龜科[13]。

參考

[编辑]
  1. ^ Kenshu Shimada. Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 1997, 100 (3/4): 139–149. JSTOR 3628002. doi:10.2307/3628002. 
  2. ^ Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren. Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005 [2018-11-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-09）. 
  3. ^ David Ward. Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays. The Paleontological Association. 2009: 279–299 [2019-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-31）. 
  4. ^ J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov. Cretaceous. 2012: 793–853. ISBN 9780444594259. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  5. ^ Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish. A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2017, 54 (9): 973–980. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..973C. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0233. hdl:1807/77762. 
  6. ^ Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (9): 1159–1181. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1159L. doi:10.1139/E10-005. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Everhart, Mike. A Giant Ginsu Shark (Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas. 2009-01-30 [2010-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-08）. 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-16）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V. Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History. 2006 [2009-10-02]. 
  10. ^ Rothschild, B. M. Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21. 2005, (4): 335–340 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-16）. 
  11. ^ Everhart, M. J. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (PDF). PalArch Foundation. 2005 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-16）. 
  12. ^ Shimada, Kenshu. Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz). Journal of Paleontology. 1997 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）. 
  13. ^ Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E. Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama. Journal of Paleontology. 2004 [2009-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）. 

外部連結

[编辑]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=白堊尖吻鯊&oldid=72542356”