二硒化碳:修订间差异
外观
删除的内容 添加的内容
Symplectopedia(留言 | 贡献) 无编辑摘要 |
无编辑摘要 |
||
(未显示10个用户的12个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{chembox |
|||
{{unreferenced|time=2010-01-15T09:06:35+00:00}} |
|||
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|||
{{Chembox |
|||
| Watchedfields = changed |
|||
| Name = 二硒化碳 |
|||
| verifiedrevid = 451704182 |
|||
| NameEn = Carbon diselenide |
|||
| NameEn= Carbon diselenide |
|||
| ImageFile1 = Carbon_diselenide.png |
|||
| ImageFile1 = Carbon_diselenide.png |
|||
| ImageSize1 = 150px |
|||
| ImageFile2 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-balls.png |
| ImageSize1 = 150px |
||
| ImageFile2 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-balls.png |
|||
| ImageSize2 = 150px |
| ImageSize2 = 150px |
||
| ImageFile3 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-vdW.png |
| ImageFile3 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-vdW.png |
||
| ImageName = Carbon diselenide |
|||
| ImageSize3 = 200px |
|||
| OtherNames = 硒化碳 |
|||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|||
| |
| IUPACName = |
||
| |
| SystematicName = |
||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|||
| SMILES = |
|||
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
|||
}} |
|||
| CASNo = 506-80-9 |
|||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|||
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
|||
| Formula = CSe<sub>2</sub> |
|||
| UNII = WD123H448C |
|||
| MolarMass = 169.93 |
|||
| PubChem = 68174 |
|||
| Appearance = 黃色[[液體]] |
|||
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
|||
| Density = 2690 kg/m<sup>3</sup> |
|||
| ChemSpiderID = 61481 |
|||
| MeltingPt = -43.7℃ |
|||
| SMILES = [Se]=C=[Se] |
|||
| BoilingPt = 125.5℃ |
|||
| InChI = 1/CSe2/c2-1-3 |
|||
| Solubility = 不溶 |
|||
| InChIKey = JNZSJDBNBJWXMZ-UHFFFAOYAM |
|||
}} |
|||
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
|||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|||
| StdInChI = 1S/CSe2/c2-1-3 |
|||
| MainHazards = |
|||
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
|||
| FlashPt = |
|||
| StdInChIKey = JNZSJDBNBJWXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|||
| Autoignition = |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|||
| Formula = CSe<sub>2</sub> |
|||
| MolarMass = 169.93 |
|||
| Appearance = 黄色液体 |
|||
| Density = 2.6824 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|||
| Solubility = 0.054 g/100 mL |
|||
| SolubleOther = 可溶于[[二硫化碳|CS<sub>2</sub>]]和[[甲苯]] |
|||
| MeltingPtC = −43.7 |
|||
| BoilingPtC = 125.5 |
|||
| Dipole = 0 D |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
|||
| DeltaHf = 219.2 kJ/mol(液体) |
|||
| Entropy = 263.2 J/mol K(气体) |
|||
| HeatCapacity = 50.32 J/mol K(气体) |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|||
| RPhrases = |
|||
| SPhrases = |
|||
| FlashPtC = 30 |
|||
}} |
|||
|Section8={{Chembox Related |
|||
|OtherAnions=[[二氧化碳]]<br />[[二硫化碳]]<br />[[二碲化碳]] |
|||
|OtherCations=[[二硒化硅]]<br />[[二硒化锗]]<br />[[二硒化锡]] |
|||
|OtherCpds=[[一硒化碳]]<br />[[羰基硒]] |
|||
}} |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''二硒化碳''' |
'''二硒化碳'''是一种[[无机化合物]],[[化學式]] CSe<sub>2</sub>,是一種橙黃色且有刺激性氣味的油状[[液體]]。它不溶于水,溶于[[有机溶剂]]。 |
||
==制备、结构和反应== |
|||
== 發現 == |
|||
二硒化碳分子是线形的。它可在550℃以下藉由[[硒]]粉與[[二氯甲烷]]反應製得:<ref name=Fackler>{{cite book | editor = Fackler, J. P. Jr. |author1=Pan, W.-H. |author2=Fackler, J. P. Jr. |author3=Anderson, D. M. |author4=Henderson, S. G. D. |author5=Stephenson, T. A. | chapter = 2. Diselenocarbamates from Carbon Diselenide | title = Inorganic Syntheses | volume = 21 | pages = 6–11 | year = 1982 | doi = 10.1002/9780470132524.ch2 | isbn = 978-0-470-13252-4 }}</ref> |
|||
:2 Se + CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> → CSe<sub>2</sub> + 2 HCl |
|||
它是由Grimm和Metzger首次报告的,它们将[[硒化氢]]和[[四氯化碳]]在热管中反应而成。<ref>{{cite journal | title = Über Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Selenkohlenstoffs | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) | volume = 69 |issue = 6 | year = 1936 | pages = 1356–1364 |author1=Grimm, H. G. |author2=Metzger, H. | doi = 10.1002/cber.19360690626 }}</ref> |
|||
类似[[二硫化碳]],二硒化碳在高压下聚合。这种聚合物的{{le|主链|backbone chain}}是 –[Se–C(=Se)–C(=Se)–Se]–,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Carraher, C. E. Jr. |author2=Pittman, C. U. Jr. | title = Poly(Carbon Disulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen | journal = Inorganic Polymers | year = 2005 | volume = 21 | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a14_241 | isbn = 3-527-30673-0 }}</ref>它是一种[[半导体]]。 |
|||
'''二硒化碳'''首次是由[[硒化氫]]與[[四氯化碳]]反應後發現的。 |
|||
二硒化碳是类似[[四硫富瓦烯]]的四硒富瓦烯<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Engler, E. M. |author2=Patel, V. V. | title = Structure control in organic metals. Synthesis of tetraselenofulvalene and its charge transfer salt with tetracyano-p-quinodimethane | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | year = 1974 | volume = 96 | issue = 23 | pages = 7376–7378 | doi = 10.1021/ja00810a042 |pmid=4814748 }}</ref>的前体,它可以用来合成[[导电聚合物]]和{{le|有机超导体|organic superconductor}}。 |
|||
== 製備 == |
|||
二硒化碳和[[仲胺]]反应,产生二烷基二硒代氨基甲酸盐:<ref name=Fackler/> |
|||
'''二硒化碳'''可在550℃以下藉由[[硒]]粉與[[二氯甲烷]]反應製得: |
|||
:2 Et<sub>2</sub>NH + CSe<sub>2</sub> → (Et<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>)(Et<sub>2</sub>NCSe<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) |
|||
二硒化碳和氯气反应主要产生[[四氯化硒]],反应也会产生CCl<sub>3</sub>SeCl和(CCl<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Se。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ives | first=D. J. G. | last2=Pittman | first2=R. W. | last3=Wardlaw | first3=W. | title=203. The preparation, properties, and chlorination products of carbon diselenide | journal=Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | year=1947 | issn=0368-1769 | doi=10.1039/jr9470001080 | page=1080}}</ref> |
|||
2 Se + CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> → CSe<sub>2</sub> + 2 HCl ↑ |
|||
==危险性== |
|||
二硒化碳有高蒸汽压。它有中等[[毒性]],吸入有害。由于二硒化碳容易[[跨膜运输]],它很危险。它在储存中缓慢分解(在-30℃下,每月大约分解1%),成本很高。<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cse2.com/ | title = Carbon Diselenide CSe<sub>2</sub> | publisher = Cse2.com | accessdate = 2012-04-04 | archive-date = 2012-04-23 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6788ShFT8?url=http://www.cse2.com/ }}</ref> |
|||
纯二硒化碳的气味和二硫化碳非常相似,但与空气混合后会产生极难闻的气味。<ref>{{cite book | quote = carbon diselenide has by far the worst odor this author has experienced in his lifetime of working with selenium compounds | author = Wolfgang H. H. Gunther | title = Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology }}</ref><ref name="odor1">{{cite web | last1 = Lowe | first1 = Derek | url = http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2005/03/03/things_i_wont_work_with_carbon_diselenide/ | title = Things I Won't Work With: Carbon Diselenide | work = In the Pipeline | publisher = Science | access-date = 20 November 2015 | authorlink = Derek Lowe (chemist) | date = 2005-03-03 | archive-date = 2015-11-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121175436/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2005/03/03/things_i_wont_work_with_carbon_diselenide }}</ref>1936年二硒化碳首次合成时,它的气味迫使附近的村庄撤离。<ref name="odor1"/>由于这种气味,人们开发了其它的合成途径。<ref name="patent1">{{cite patent | country = US | number = 4462938 | status = patent | inventor = Wudl, F. | assign1 = AT&T Bell Laboratories | gdate = 1984-07-31 | title = Process for producing chalcogen containing compounds }}.</ref> |
|||
== 參見 == |
== 參見 == |
||
*[[二氧化碳]] |
|||
*[[二硫化碳]] |
|||
*[[二碲化碳]] |
|||
==参考资料== |
|||
[[二氧化碳]] - [[二硫化碳]] - [[二硒化碳]] - [[二碲化碳]] |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
{{无机碳化合物}} |
|||
{{inorganic-compound-stub}} |
|||
{{硒化物}} |
|||
[[Category:硒化物]] |
[[Category:硒化物]] |
||
[[Category:無機碳化合物]] |
[[Category:無機碳化合物]] |
||
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]] |
|||
[[Category:三原子分子]] |
|||
[[en:Carbon diselenide]] |
|||
[[Category:1930年代发现的物质]] |
|||
[[pl:Diselenek węgla]] |
|||
[[pt:Disseleneto de carbono]] |
|||
[[ru:Селенид углерода]] |
2023年1月1日 (日) 12:47的最新版本
二硒化碳 | |
---|---|
英文名 | Carbon diselenide |
别名 | 硒化碳 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 506-80-9 |
PubChem | 68174 |
ChemSpider | 61481 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | JNZSJDBNBJWXMZ-UHFFFAOYAM |
性质 | |
化学式 | CSe2 |
摩尔质量 | 169.93 g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 黄色液体 |
密度 | 2.6824 g/cm3 |
熔点 | −43.7 °C(229 K) |
沸点 | 125.5 °C(399 K) |
溶解性(水) | 0.054 g/100 mL |
溶解性 | 可溶于CS2和甲苯 |
偶极矩 | 0 D |
热力学 | |
ΔfHm⦵298K | 219.2 kJ/mol(液体) |
S⦵298K | 263.2 J/mol K(气体) |
热容 | 50.32 J/mol K(气体) |
相关物质 | |
其他阴离子 | 二氧化碳 二硫化碳 二碲化碳 |
其他阳离子 | 二硒化硅 二硒化锗 二硒化锡 |
相关化学品 | 一硒化碳 羰基硒 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
二硒化碳是一种无机化合物,化學式 CSe2,是一種橙黃色且有刺激性氣味的油状液體。它不溶于水,溶于有机溶剂。
制备、结构和反应
[编辑]二硒化碳分子是线形的。它可在550℃以下藉由硒粉與二氯甲烷反應製得:[1]
- 2 Se + CH2Cl2 → CSe2 + 2 HCl
它是由Grimm和Metzger首次报告的,它们将硒化氢和四氯化碳在热管中反应而成。[2]
类似二硫化碳,二硒化碳在高压下聚合。这种聚合物的主链是 –[Se–C(=Se)–C(=Se)–Se]–,[3]它是一种半导体。
二硒化碳是类似四硫富瓦烯的四硒富瓦烯[4]的前体,它可以用来合成导电聚合物和有机超导体。
- 2 Et2NH + CSe2 → (Et2NH2+)(Et2NCSe2−)
二硒化碳和氯气反应主要产生四氯化硒,反应也会产生CCl3SeCl和(CCl3)2Se。[5]
危险性
[编辑]二硒化碳有高蒸汽压。它有中等毒性,吸入有害。由于二硒化碳容易跨膜运输,它很危险。它在储存中缓慢分解(在-30℃下,每月大约分解1%),成本很高。[6]
纯二硒化碳的气味和二硫化碳非常相似,但与空气混合后会产生极难闻的气味。[7][8]1936年二硒化碳首次合成时,它的气味迫使附近的村庄撤离。[8]由于这种气味,人们开发了其它的合成途径。[9]
參見
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Pan, W.-H.; Fackler, J. P. Jr.; Anderson, D. M.; Henderson, S. G. D.; Stephenson, T. A. 2. Diselenocarbamates from Carbon Diselenide. Fackler, J. P. Jr. (编). Inorganic Syntheses 21. 1982: 6–11. ISBN 978-0-470-13252-4. doi:10.1002/9780470132524.ch2.
- ^ Grimm, H. G.; Metzger, H. Über Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Selenkohlenstoffs. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 1936, 69 (6): 1356–1364. doi:10.1002/cber.19360690626.
- ^ Carraher, C. E. Jr.; Pittman, C. U. Jr. Poly(Carbon Disulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen. Inorganic Polymers. 2005, 21. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_241.
- ^ Engler, E. M.; Patel, V. V. Structure control in organic metals. Synthesis of tetraselenofulvalene and its charge transfer salt with tetracyano-p-quinodimethane. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1974, 96 (23): 7376–7378. PMID 4814748. doi:10.1021/ja00810a042.
- ^ Ives, D. J. G.; Pittman, R. W.; Wardlaw, W. 203. The preparation, properties, and chlorination products of carbon diselenide. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1947: 1080. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9470001080.
- ^ Carbon Diselenide CSe2. Cse2.com. [2012-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-23).
- ^ Wolfgang H. H. Gunther. Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology.
carbon diselenide has by far the worst odor this author has experienced in his lifetime of working with selenium compounds
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Lowe, Derek. Things I Won't Work With: Carbon Diselenide. In the Pipeline. Science. 2005-03-03 [20 November 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-21).
- ^ US patent 4462938,Wudl, F.,「Process for producing chalcogen containing compounds」,发行于1984-07-31,指定于AT&T Bell Laboratories.