跳转到内容

二硒化碳:修订间差异

维基百科,自由的百科全书
删除的内容 添加的内容
无编辑摘要
无编辑摘要
 
(未显示10个用户的12个中间版本)
第1行: 第1行:
{{chembox
{{unreferenced|time=2010-01-15T09:06:35+00:00}}
| Verifiedfields = changed
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| Name = 二硒化碳
| verifiedrevid = 451704182
| NameEn = Carbon diselenide
| NameEn= Carbon diselenide
| ImageFile1 = Carbon_diselenide.png
| ImageFile1 = Carbon_diselenide.png
| ImageSize1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize2 = 150px
| ImageSize2 = 150px
| ImageFile3 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFile3 = Carbon-diselenide-3D-vdW.png
| ImageName = Carbon diselenide
| ImageSize3 = 200px
| OtherNames = 硒化碳
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 506-80-9
| IUPACName =
| PubChem =
| SystematicName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| SMILES =
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
}}
| CASNo = 506-80-9
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| Formula = CSe<sub>2</sub>
| UNII = WD123H448C
| MolarMass = 169.93
| PubChem = 68174
| Appearance = 黃色[[液體]]
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| Density = 2690 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
| ChemSpiderID = 61481
| MeltingPt = -43.7℃
| SMILES = [Se]=C=[Se]
| BoilingPt = 125.5℃
| InChI = 1/CSe2/c2-1-3
| Solubility = 不溶
| InChIKey = JNZSJDBNBJWXMZ-UHFFFAOYAM
}}
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| StdInChI = 1S/CSe2/c2-1-3
| MainHazards =
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| FlashPt =
| StdInChIKey = JNZSJDBNBJWXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| Autoignition =
}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CSe<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 169.93
| Appearance = 黄色液体
| Density = 2.6824 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 0.054 g/100 mL
| SolubleOther = 可溶于[[二硫化碳|CS<sub>2</sub>]]和[[甲苯]]
| MeltingPtC = −43.7
| BoilingPtC = 125.5
| Dipole = 0 D
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = 219.2 kJ/mol(液体)
| Entropy = 263.2 J/mol K(气体)
| HeatCapacity = 50.32 J/mol K(气体)
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| FlashPtC = 30
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
|OtherAnions=[[二氧化碳]]<br />[[二硫化碳]]<br />[[二碲化碳]]
|OtherCations=[[二硒化硅]]<br />[[二硒化锗]]<br />[[二硒化锡]]
|OtherCpds=[[一硒化碳]]<br />[[羰基硒]]
}}
}}
}}


'''二硒化碳'''[[化學式]]:CSe<sub>2</sub>),是一種黃色且有刺激性氣味的[[液體]]。和[[二氧化碳]]、[[二硫化碳]]一樣'''二硒化碳'''也被認為是一種[[無機化合物]]。
'''二硒化碳'''是一种[[无机化合物]],[[化學式]] CSe<sub>2</sub>是一種黃色且有刺激性氣味的油状[[液體]]。它不溶于水溶于[[有机溶剂]]。


==制备、结构和反应==
== 發現 ==
二硒化碳分子是线形的。它可在550℃以下藉由[[硒]]粉與[[二氯甲烷]]反應製得:<ref name=Fackler>{{cite book | editor = Fackler, J. P. Jr. |author1=Pan, W.-H. |author2=Fackler, J. P. Jr. |author3=Anderson, D. M. |author4=Henderson, S. G. D. |author5=Stephenson, T. A. | chapter = 2. Diselenocarbamates from Carbon Diselenide | title = Inorganic Syntheses | volume = 21 | pages = 6–11 | year = 1982 | doi = 10.1002/9780470132524.ch2 | isbn = 978-0-470-13252-4 }}</ref>
:2 Se + CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> → CSe<sub>2</sub> + 2 HCl
它是由Grimm和Metzger首次报告的,它们将[[硒化氢]]和[[四氯化碳]]在热管中反应而成。<ref>{{cite journal | title = Über Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Selenkohlenstoffs | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) | volume = 69 |issue = 6 | year = 1936 | pages = 1356–1364 |author1=Grimm, H. G. |author2=Metzger, H. | doi = 10.1002/cber.19360690626 }}</ref>


类似[[二硫化碳]],二硒化碳在高压下聚合。这种聚合物的{{le|主链|backbone chain}}是 –[Se–C(=Se)–C(=Se)–Se]–,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Carraher, C. E. Jr. |author2=Pittman, C. U. Jr. | title = Poly(Carbon Disulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen | journal = Inorganic Polymers | year = 2005 | volume = 21 | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a14_241 | isbn = 3-527-30673-0 }}</ref>它是一种[[半导体]]。
'''二硒化碳'''首次是由[[硒化氫]]與[[四氯化碳]]反應後發現的。


二硒化碳是类似[[四硫富瓦烯]]的四硒富瓦烯<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Engler, E. M. |author2=Patel, V. V. | title = Structure control in organic metals. Synthesis of tetraselenofulvalene and its charge transfer salt with tetracyano-p-quinodimethane | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | year = 1974 | volume = 96 | issue = 23 | pages = 7376–7378 | doi = 10.1021/ja00810a042 |pmid=4814748 }}</ref>的前体,它可以用来合成[[导电聚合物]]和{{le|有机超导体|organic superconductor}}。
== 製備 ==


二硒化碳和[[仲胺]]反应,产生二烷基二硒代氨基甲酸盐:<ref name=Fackler/>
'''二硒化碳'''可在550℃以下藉由[[硒]]粉與[[二氯甲烷]]反應製得:
:2 Et<sub>2</sub>NH + CSe<sub>2</sub> → (Et<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>)(Et<sub>2</sub>NCSe<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>)


二硒化碳和氯气反应主要产生[[四氯化硒]],反应也会产生CCl<sub>3</sub>SeCl和(CCl<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Se。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ives | first=D. J. G. | last2=Pittman | first2=R. W. | last3=Wardlaw | first3=W. | title=203. The preparation, properties, and chlorination products of carbon diselenide | journal=Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | year=1947 | issn=0368-1769 | doi=10.1039/jr9470001080 | page=1080}}</ref>
2 Se + CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> → CSe<sub>2</sub> + 2 HCl ↑
==危险性==
二硒化碳有高蒸汽压。它有中等[[毒性]],吸入有害。由于二硒化碳容易[[跨膜运输]],它很危险。它在储存中缓慢分解(在-30℃下,每月大约分解1%),成本很高。<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cse2.com/ | title = Carbon Diselenide CSe<sub>2</sub> | publisher = Cse2.com | accessdate = 2012-04-04 | archive-date = 2012-04-23 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6788ShFT8?url=http://www.cse2.com/ }}</ref>

纯二硒化碳的气味和二硫化碳非常相似,但与空气混合后会产生极难闻的气味。<ref>{{cite book | quote = carbon diselenide has by far the worst odor this author has experienced in his lifetime of working with selenium compounds | author = Wolfgang H. H. Gunther | title = Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology }}</ref><ref name="odor1">{{cite web | last1 = Lowe | first1 = Derek | url = http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2005/03/03/things_i_wont_work_with_carbon_diselenide/ | title = Things I Won't Work With: Carbon Diselenide | work = In the Pipeline | publisher = Science | access-date = 20 November 2015 | authorlink = Derek Lowe (chemist) | date = 2005-03-03 | archive-date = 2015-11-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121175436/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2005/03/03/things_i_wont_work_with_carbon_diselenide }}</ref>1936年二硒化碳首次合成时,它的气味迫使附近的村庄撤离。<ref name="odor1"/>由于这种气味,人们开发了其它的合成途径。<ref name="patent1">{{cite patent | country = US | number = 4462938 | status = patent | inventor = Wudl, F. | assign1 = AT&T Bell Laboratories | gdate = 1984-07-31 | title = Process for producing chalcogen containing compounds }}.</ref>


== 參見 ==
== 參見 ==
*[[二氧化碳]]
*[[二硫化碳]]
*[[二碲化碳]]


==参考资料==
[[二氧化碳]] - [[二硫化碳]] - [[二硒化碳]] - [[二碲化碳]]
{{reflist}}

{{无机碳化合物}}
{{inorganic-compound-stub}}
{{硒化物}}


[[Category:硒化物]]
[[Category:硒化物]]
[[Category:無機碳化合物]]
[[Category:無機碳化合物]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]

[[Category:三原子分子]]
[[en:Carbon diselenide]]
[[Category:1930年代发现的物质]]
[[pl:Diselenek węgla]]
[[pt:Disseleneto de carbono]]
[[ru:Селенид углерода]]

2023年1月1日 (日) 12:47的最新版本

二硒化碳
英文名 Carbon diselenide
别名 硒化碳
识别
CAS号 506-80-9  checkY
PubChem 68174
ChemSpider 61481
SMILES
 
  • [Se]=C=[Se]
InChI
 
  • 1/CSe2/c2-1-3
InChIKey JNZSJDBNBJWXMZ-UHFFFAOYAM
性质
化学式 CSe2
摩尔质量 169.93 g·mol⁻¹
外观 黄色液体
密度 2.6824 g/cm3
熔点 −43.7 °C(229 K)
沸点 125.5 °C(399 K)
溶解性 0.054 g/100 mL
溶解性 可溶于CS2甲苯
偶极矩 0 D
热力学
ΔfHm298K 219.2 kJ/mol(液体)
S298K 263.2 J/mol K(气体)
热容 50.32 J/mol K(气体)
相关物质
其他阴离子 二氧化碳
二硫化碳
二碲化碳
其他阳离子 二硒化硅
二硒化锗
二硒化锡
相关化学品 一硒化碳
羰基硒
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二硒化碳是一种无机化合物化學式 CSe2,是一種橙黃色且有刺激性氣味的油状液體。它不溶于水,溶于有机溶剂

制备、结构和反应

[编辑]

二硒化碳分子是线形的。它可在550℃以下藉由粉與二氯甲烷反應製得:[1]

2 Se + CH2Cl2 → CSe2 + 2 HCl

它是由Grimm和Metzger首次报告的,它们将硒化氢四氯化碳在热管中反应而成。[2]

类似二硫化碳,二硒化碳在高压下聚合。这种聚合物的主链英语backbone chain是 –[Se–C(=Se)–C(=Se)–Se]–,[3]它是一种半导体

二硒化碳是类似四硫富瓦烯的四硒富瓦烯[4]的前体,它可以用来合成导电聚合物有机超导体英语organic superconductor

二硒化碳和仲胺反应,产生二烷基二硒代氨基甲酸盐:[1]

2 Et2NH + CSe2 → (Et2NH2+)(Et2NCSe2)

二硒化碳和氯气反应主要产生四氯化硒,反应也会产生CCl3SeCl和(CCl3)2Se。[5]

危险性

[编辑]

二硒化碳有高蒸汽压。它有中等毒性,吸入有害。由于二硒化碳容易跨膜运输,它很危险。它在储存中缓慢分解(在-30℃下,每月大约分解1%),成本很高。[6]

纯二硒化碳的气味和二硫化碳非常相似,但与空气混合后会产生极难闻的气味。[7][8]1936年二硒化碳首次合成时,它的气味迫使附近的村庄撤离。[8]由于这种气味,人们开发了其它的合成途径。[9]

參見

[编辑]

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Pan, W.-H.; Fackler, J. P. Jr.; Anderson, D. M.; Henderson, S. G. D.; Stephenson, T. A. 2. Diselenocarbamates from Carbon Diselenide. Fackler, J. P. Jr. (编). Inorganic Syntheses 21. 1982: 6–11. ISBN 978-0-470-13252-4. doi:10.1002/9780470132524.ch2. 
  2. ^ Grimm, H. G.; Metzger, H. Über Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Selenkohlenstoffs. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 1936, 69 (6): 1356–1364. doi:10.1002/cber.19360690626. 
  3. ^ Carraher, C. E. Jr.; Pittman, C. U. Jr. Poly(Carbon Disulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen. Inorganic Polymers. 2005, 21. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_241. 
  4. ^ Engler, E. M.; Patel, V. V. Structure control in organic metals. Synthesis of tetraselenofulvalene and its charge transfer salt with tetracyano-p-quinodimethane. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1974, 96 (23): 7376–7378. PMID 4814748. doi:10.1021/ja00810a042. 
  5. ^ Ives, D. J. G.; Pittman, R. W.; Wardlaw, W. 203. The preparation, properties, and chlorination products of carbon diselenide. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1947: 1080. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9470001080. 
  6. ^ Carbon Diselenide CSe2. Cse2.com. [2012-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-23). 
  7. ^ Wolfgang H. H. Gunther. Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology. carbon diselenide has by far the worst odor this author has experienced in his lifetime of working with selenium compounds 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Lowe, Derek. Things I Won't Work With: Carbon Diselenide. In the Pipeline. Science. 2005-03-03 [20 November 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-21). 
  9. ^ US patent 4462938,Wudl, F.,「Process for producing chalcogen containing compounds」,发行于1984-07-31,指定于AT&T Bell Laboratories .