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榴槤屬：修订间差异

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{{noteTA
{{noteTA
|T=zh-hans:榴梿属; zh-hant:榴槤屬; zh-cn:榴莲属; zh-sg:榴梿属;
|t=zh-cn:榴梿属;zh-sg:榴梿属;zh-my:榴梿属;zh-tw:榴槤屬;zh-hk:榴槤屬;
|1=zh-hans:榴梿; zh-hant:榴槤; zh-cn:榴莲; zh-sg:榴梿;
|1=zh:榴莲;zh-hans:榴梿;zh-hant:榴槤;zh-cn:榴梿;zh-sg:榴梿;zh-my:榴梿;zh-tw:榴槤;zh-hk:榴槤;
|2=zh-hans:梿; zh-hant:槤;
}}
}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic Taxobox
| image = Durio Zibethinus Van Nooten.jpg
| color=lightgreen
| name=榴槤属
| image = Durian 2.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = [[榴槤]]（''Durio zibethinus''）
| image_caption = [[榴槤]]（''Durio zibethinus''）
| taxon = Durio
| regnum = [[植物界]] Plantae
| authority = [[L.]], 1763
| unranked_phylum = [[被子植物]] angiosperms
| type species = [[榴梿]]<br>''Durio zibethinus''
| unranked_classis = [[真雙子葉植物]] eudicots
| type species authority = [[L.]], vide [[J.A.Murray]] 1774.
| unranked_ordo = [[蔷薇类]] rosids<br>
| diversity link =物种
[[锦葵类]] malvids
| diversity =逾32种
| ordo = [[錦葵目]] Malvales
| diversity ref=<ref name="theplantlist">[http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Malvaceae/Durio/ ''Durio''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Malvaceae/Durio/ |date=20170905172513 }}. In: ''The Plant List'' (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/ |date=20190523171514 }} [2014-6-15].</ref>
| familia = [[錦葵科]] Malvaceae
| subfamilia = [[山芝麻亚科]] Helicteroideae
| tribus = [[榴梿族]] Durioneae
| genus = '''榴槤屬 ''Durio'''''
| genus_authority = [[L.]], 1763
| type_species = [[榴梿]]<br>''Durio zibethinus''
| type_species_authority = [[L.]], vide [[J.A.Murray]] 1774.
| subdivision_ranks = [[種]]
| subdivision =
{{HideH|逾32种<ref name="theplantlist">[http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Malvaceae/Durio/ ''http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Malvaceae/Durio/'']. In: ''The Plant List'' (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ [2014-6-15]. </ref>}}
*''D. acutifolius''
*''D. affinis''
*''D. beccarianus''
*''D. bruneiensis''
*''D. bukitrayensis''
*''D. burmanicus''
*''D. carinatus''
*''D. ceylanicus''
*''D. crassipes''
*''D. cupreus''
*''D. dulcis''
*''D. excelsus''
*''D. grandiflorus''
*''D. graveolens''
*''D. griffithii''
*''D. kinabaluensis''
*''D. kutejensis''
*''D. lanceolatus''
*''D. lissocarpus''
*''D. lowianus''
*''D. macrantha''
*''D. macrophyllus''
*''D. malaccensis''
*''D. mansonii''
*''D. oblongus''
*''D. oxleyanus''
*''D. pinangianus''
*''D. purpureus''
*''D. singaporensis''
*''D. testudinarum''
*''D. wyatt-smithii''
*[[榴莲]] ''D. zibethinus''
{{HideF}}
}}
}}


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其它物种则未发现或未确定是否有可食用果实。<ref name="Brown, 1997">{{cite book | author=Brown, Michael J. | title=Durio&nbsp;— A Bibliographic Review | publisher=International Plant Genetic Resources Institute | year=1997 | isbn=92-9043-318-3}}</ref>
其它物种则未发现或未确定是否有可食用果实。<ref name="Brown, 1997">{{cite book | author=Brown, Michael J. | title=Durio&nbsp;— A Bibliographic Review | publisher=International Plant Genetic Resources Institute | year=1997 | isbn=92-9043-318-3}}</ref>


==物种==
==分类==
本属属于山芝麻亚科榴梿族，各近缘属的亲缘关系如下{{r|springer}}：
九种已知可食用的榴梿属物种有：
{{榴梿族支序分类法}}
{| class="sortable wikitable"
===物种===
!中文名!!学名!!命名人!!图像!!分布与描述!!保护现况
{{legend2|#ccffcc|假种皮可食|border=1px solid #aaaaaa}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
|-
!中文名!!学名!!学名作者!!发表年份!!图像!!分布与描述!!保护现况
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|[[榴梿]]
|[[榴梿]]
|''Durio zibethinus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio zibethinus}}''
|[[L.]], 1774
|{{small|[[L.]]}}
|{{small|1774}}
|[[File:Durio zibethinus, the Durian (14131286694).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:YosriDis04DurianTerbuka.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
| [[红壳榴梿]]
|
|''Durio dulcis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio dulcis}}''
|[[Becc.]], 1889
|{{small|[[Becc.]]}}
|{{small|1889}}
|[[File:Lahung (2).jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Lahung (2).jpg|100px]]
|原生于[[婆罗洲]]。
|原生于[[婆罗洲]]。
|[[易危]]<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34565|title=Durio dulcis|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|VU}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34565|title=Durio dulcis|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
|[[山魈榴梿]]
|
|''Durio grandiflorus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio grandiflorus}}''
|([[Mast.]]) [[Kosterm.]] & [[Soegeng]], 1958
|{{small|([[Mast.]]) [[Kosterm.]] & [[Soegeng]]}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于婆罗洲北部（[[汶莱]]、[[沙巴]]及[[砂拉越]]）
|分布于婆罗洲北部（[[汶莱]]、[[沙巴]]及[[砂拉越]]）
|[[易危]]<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34567|title=Durio grandiflorus|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|VU}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34567|title=Durio grandiflorus|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
|[[浓味榴梿]]
|
|''Durio graveolens''
|''{{lang|la|Durio graveolens}}''
|Becc., 1889
|{{small|Becc.}}
|{{small|1889}}
|
|
|<!--, known as durian burung, durian kuning, durian merah, durian otak udang galah, tabelak or red-fleshed durian. It is a large tree up to {{convert|50|m|abbr=on}} tall. The husk of its fruit is orange-yellow, covered with pyramidal {{convert|1|cm|abbr=on|1}} long spines. The fruit has sweet [[crimson]]-coloured flesh and a fragrance of roasted almonds. ''D. graveolens'' resembles ''D. dulcis'' but its fruit opens while it is still on the tree and has dark red flesh, whereas the fruit of ''D. dulcis'' drops unopened and has dark yellow flesh. Durian suluk, also known as durian siunggong, is a natural [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] between ''D. zibethinus'' and ''D. graveolens'', and retains the flavour and texture of ''D. zibethinus'' with subtle burnt [[caramel]] overtones of ''D. graveolens''. Durian simpor is a mild-flavoured, yellow-fleshed variant of ''D. graveolens''.-->
|<!--, known as durian burung, durian kuning, durian merah, durian otak udang galah, tabelak or red-fleshed durian. It is a large tree up to {{convert|50|m|abbr=on}} tall. The husk of its fruit is orange-yellow, covered with pyramidal {{convert|1|cm|abbr=on|1}} long spines. The fruit has sweet [[crimson]]-coloured flesh and a fragrance of roasted almonds. ''D. graveolens'' resembles ''D. dulcis'' but its fruit opens while it is still on the tree and has dark red flesh, whereas the fruit of ''D. dulcis'' drops unopened and has dark yellow flesh. Durian suluk, also known as durian siunggong, is a natural [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] between ''D. zibethinus'' and ''D. graveolens'', and retains the flavour and texture of ''D. zibethinus'' with subtle burnt [[caramel]] overtones of ''D. graveolens''. Durian simpor is a mild-flavoured, yellow-fleshed variant of ''D. graveolens''.-->
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
|{{le|黄肉榴梿|Durio kutejensis}}
|{{le|古泰榴梿|Durio kutejensis}}
|''Durio kutejensis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio kutejensis}}''
|([[Hassk.]]) Becc., 1889
|{{small|([[Hassk.]]) Becc.}}
|{{small|1889}}
|[[File:Durio kutej F 070203 ime.jpg|150px]]
|[[File:Durio kutej F 070203 ime.jpg|100px]]
|分布于婆罗洲中部山区
|分布于婆罗洲中部山区
|[[易危]]<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34568|title=Durio kutejensis|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|VU}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34568|title=Durio kutejensis|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
|[[罗氏榴梿]]
|
|''Durio lowianus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio lowianus}}''
|[[Scort.]] ex [[George King|King]], 1891
|{{small|[[Scort.]] ex [[George King|King]]}}
|{{small|1891}}
|
|
|<!--, known as durian duan. It is a large tree up to 50 metre tall, has red flowers and elongated. Its oval-shaped fruit contains yellow flesh.-->
|<!--, known as durian duan. It is a large tree up to 50 metre tall, has red flowers and elongated. Its oval-shaped fruit contains yellow flesh.-->
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
|[[大花榴梿]]
|''{{lang|la|Durio macrantha}}''
|{{small|Kosterm.}}
|{{small|1992}}
|
|
|''Durio macrantha''
|Kosterm., 1992
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|未评估
|[[奥氏榴梿]]
|-
|''{{lang|la|Durio oxleyanus}}''
|[[红肉榴梿]]
|{{small|[[Griff.]]}}
|''Durio oxleyanus''
|[[Griff.]], 1845
|{{small|1845}}
|
|
|<!--, known as durian sukang, durian beludu, isu or kerontangan. It is a fairly large tree up to {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}} tall. It produces small, round, greyish-green fruits with large, stiff, broadly pyramidal, slightly curved spines. The flesh is yellow, smooth-textured and sweet.-->
|<!--, known as durian sukang, durian beludu, isu or kerontangan. It is a fairly large tree up to {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}} tall. It produces small, round, greyish-green fruits with large, stiff, broadly pyramidal, slightly curved spines. The flesh is yellow, smooth-textured and sweet.-->
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|-
|[[乌龟榴梿]]
|{{le|乌龟榴梿|Durio testudinarum}}
|''Durio testudinarum''
|''{{lang|la|Durio testudinarum}}''
|Becc., 1889
|{{small|Becc.}}
|{{small|1889}}
|
|
|分布于婆罗洲。<!--, known as the tortoise or kura-kura durian. It is a medium-sized tree up to {{convert|25|m|abbr=on}} tall. Being a self-pollinated species, it is less variable, and has an extended flowering season. The flesh of its fruit is pale yellow and has a stronger aroma than other species of ''Durio''.-->
|分布于婆罗洲。<!--, known as the tortoise or kura-kura durian. It is a medium-sized tree up to {{convert|25|m|abbr=on}} tall. Being a self-pollinated species, it is less variable, and has an extended flowering season. The flesh of its fruit is pale yellow and has a stronger aroma than other species of ''Durio''.-->
|[[易危]]<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34570|title=Durio testudinarum|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|VU}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34570|title=Durio testudinarum|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|}

其它未发现有可食用果实的榴梿属物种有：
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!中文名!!学名!!命名人!!图像!!分布与描述!!保护现况
|-
|-
|[[尖叶榴梿]]
|
|''Durio acutifoliu''
|''{{lang|la|Durio acutifolius}}''
|([[Mast.]]) [[Kosterm.]], 1953
|{{small|([[Mast.]]) [[Kosterm.]]}}
|{{small|1953}}
|
|
|分布于[[加里曼丹]]和[[沙巴]]。
|分布于[[加里曼丹]]和[[沙巴]]。
|[[易危]]<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34563|title=Durio acutifoliu|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|VU}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=34563|title=Durio acutifoliu|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[似马六甲榴梿]]
|
|''Durio affinis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio affinis}}''
|[[Becc.]], 1889
|{{small|[[Becc.]]}}
|{{small|1889}}
|
|
|分布于[[西加里曼丹]]和沙巴。
|分布于[[西加里曼丹]]和沙巴。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[贝氏榴梿]]
|
|''Durio beccarianus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio beccarianus}}''
|Kosterm. & [[Soegeng]], 1958
|{{small|Kosterm. & [[Soegeng]]}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于西加里曼丹。
|分布于西加里曼丹。
第161行： 第128行：
|-
|-
|[[汶莱榴梿]]
|[[汶莱榴梿]]
|''Durio bruneiensis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio bruneiensis}}''
|Kosterm., 1994
|{{small|Kosterm.}}
|{{small|1994}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[武吉拉也榴梿]]
|[[拉也山榴梿]]
|''Durio bukitrayaensis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio bukitrayaensis}}''
|Kosterm., 1990
|{{small|Kosterm.}}
|{{small|1990}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[缅甸榴梿]]
|[[缅甸榴梿]]
|''Durio burmanicus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio burmanicus}}''
|Soegeng, 1965
|{{small|Soegeng}}
|{{small|1965}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[湿地榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio carinatus''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio carinatus}}''
|Mast., 1875
|{{small|Mast.}}
|{{small|1875}}
|
|
|分布于[[马来西亚半岛]]及[[婆罗洲]]。
|分布于[[马来西亚半岛]]及[[婆罗洲]]。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[锡兰榴梿]]
|[[锡兰榴梿]]
| ''Durio ceylanicus''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio ceylanicus}}''
|[[Gardner]], 1847
|{{small|[[Gardner]]}}
|{{small|1847}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[粗柄榴梿]]
| ''{{lang|la|Durio crassipes}}''
| {{small|Kosterm. & Soegeng}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于[[沙巴]][[丹南 (沙巴)|丹南]]和[[实必丹]]一带。
| ''Durio crassipes''
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
| Kosterm. & Soegeng, 1958
|-
|[[无子衣榴梿]]
| ''{{lang|la|Durio exarillatus}}''
|{{small|未正式发表}}
| -
|[[File:Cullenia exarillata.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|分布于[[沙巴]][[丹南]]和[[实必丹]]一带。
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[高耸榴梿]]
| ''{{lang|la|Durio excelsus}}''
|{{small|([[Korth.]]) [[Bakh.]]}}
|{{small|1924}}
|
|
| ''Durio excelsus''
|([[Korth.]]) [[Bakh.]], 1924
|[[File:Cullenia exarillata.jpg|150px]]
|分布于加里曼丹。
|分布于加里曼丹。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|
|
|''Durio griffithii''
|''Durio gerikensis''
|<small>M.N.Faizal, Edward, Latiff & Hadrul</small><ref>Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli, Mohamad Hadrul Hashim, Edward Entalai Besi, Muhammad Ikhwanuddin Mat-Esa, Ahmad Zaki Zaini, Mohd Masri Saranum, Salmaniza Salleh, Rosliza Jajuli, Muhammad Shafie Md Sah, Noraini Talip, A. Latiff. 2022. Durio gerikensis (Malvaceae), A New Arilless Durio from Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Phytotaxa. 543(1); 21–30. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.2</ref>
|(Mast.) Bakh., 1924
|2022
|
|马来西亚
|-
|[[格氏榴梿]]
|''{{lang|la|Durio griffithii}}''
|{{small|(Mast.) Bakh.}}
|{{small|1924}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛、[[苏门答腊]]及婆罗洲。
|分布于马来西亚半岛、[[苏门答腊]]及婆罗洲。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[京那巴鲁榴梿]]
|[[京那巴鲁榴梿]]
|''Durio kinabaluensis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio kinabaluensis}}''
|Kosterm & Soegeng, 1958
|{{small|Kosterm & Soegeng}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于沙巴。
|分布于沙巴。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[矛叶榴梿]]
|
|''Durio lanceolatus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio lanceolatus}}''
|Mast., 1875
|{{small|Mast.}}
|{{small|1875}}
|
|
|分布于婆罗洲。
|分布于婆罗洲。
|{{IUCNCS|NT}}<ref name="IUCN lanceolatus" >Chadburn, H. 2018. ''Durio lanceolatus''. ''The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species'' 2018: e.T34569A120270279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T34569A120270279.en. Downloaded on 08 September 2019.</ref>
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[光滑榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio lissocarpus''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio lissocarpus}}''
|Mast., 1875
|{{small|Mast.}}
|{{small|1875}}
|
|
|分布于婆罗洲。
|分布于婆罗洲。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[大鳞叶榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio macrolepis''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio macrolepis}}''
|Kosterm., 1958
|{{small|Kosterm.}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛。
|分布于马来西亚半岛。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[大叶榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio macrophyllus''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio macrophyllus}}''
|([[George King|King]]) [[Ridl.]], 1922
|{{small|([[George King|King]]) [[Ridl.]]}}
|{{small|1922}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛。
|分布于马来西亚半岛。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[马六甲榴梿]]
|[[马六甲榴梿]]
| ''Durio malaccensis''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio malaccensis}}''
| [[Planch.]] ex Mast., 1874
|{{small|[[Planch.]] ex Mast.}}
|{{small|1874}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛、苏门答腊。<br>花通常为白色，但在[[柔佛]]发现一些花带红色的植株，<br>这可能是与''D. lowianus'' 或槟城榴梿这两种花带粉红或红色物种的跨种杂交。<ref name="Morton">{{cite book | author=[[Julia Morton|Morton, J. F.]] | title=Fruits of Warm Climates | publisher=Florida Flair Books | year=1987 | isbn=0-9610184-1-0}} [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/index.html Full text] [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html Durian chapter]</ref>
|分布于马来西亚半岛、苏门答腊。<br>花通常为白色，但在[[柔佛]]发现一些花带红色的植株，<br>这可能是与花带粉红或红色的[[罗氏榴梿]]（''D. lowianus''） 或[[槟城榴梿]]（''D. pinangianus''）的跨种杂交。<ref name="Morton">{{cite book | author=[[Julia Morton|Morton, J. F.]] | title=Fruits of Warm Climates | publisher=Florida Flair Books | year=1987 | isbn=0-9610184-1-0}} [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/index.html Full text] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/index.html |date=20070315023810 }} [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html Durian chapter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html |date=20210215065648 }}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[曼氏榴梿]]
|
|''Durio mansoni''
|''{{lang|la|Durio mansonii}}''
|([[Gamble]]) Bakh., 1924：
|{{small|([[Gamble]]) Bakh.}}
|{{small|1924}}
|
|[[File:Durio mansonii (Gamble) Bakh. as Boschia mansonii Gamble.jpg|100px]]
|分布于[[缅甸]]。
|分布于[[缅甸]]。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[椭形榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio oblongus''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio oblongus}}''
|Mast., 1875
|{{small|Mast.}}
|{{small|1875}}
|
|
|分布于[[砂拉越]]
|分布于[[砂拉越]]
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[槟城榴梿]]
|{{le|槟城榴梿|Durio pinangianus}}
|''Durio pinangianus''
|''{{lang|la|Durio pinangianus}}''
|(Becc.) Ridl., 1922
|{{small|(Becc.) Ridl.}}
|{{small|1922}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛（[[霹雳州|霹雳]]及[[槟城]]）。
|分布于马来西亚半岛（[[霹雳州|霹雳]]及[[槟城]]）。
|[[易危]]<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=Chua, L.S.L.|assessment_year=1998|id=39037|title=pinangianus|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|VU}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=Chua, L.S.L.|assessment_year=1998|id=39037|title=Durio pinangianus|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[紫榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio purpureus''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio purpureus}}''
| Kosterm. & Soegeng., 1958
|{{small|Kosterm. & Soegeng.}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于西加里曼丹。
|分布于西加里曼丹。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[新加坡榴梿]]
|[[新加坡榴梿]]
|''Durio singaporensis''
|''{{lang|la|Durio singaporensis}}''
|Ridl., 1916
|{{small|Ridl.}}
|{{small|1916}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛。
|分布于马来西亚半岛。
|{{IUCNCS|NE}}
|未评估
|-
|-
|[[怀史氏榴梿]]
|
| ''Durio wyatt-smithii''
| ''{{lang|la|Durio wyatt-smithii}}''
| Kosterm., 1958
|{{small|Kosterm.}}
|{{small|1958}}
|
|
|分布于马来西亚半岛（[[登嘉楼]]）。
|分布于马来西亚半岛（[[登嘉楼]]）。
|数据缺乏<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=37549|title=Durio wyatt-smithii|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|{{IUCNCS|DD}}<ref>{{IUCN|version=2014.1|iucn_year=2014|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1998|id=37549|title=Durio wyatt-smithii|downloaded=2014-6-15}}</ref>
|}
|}


==参考文献==
==参考文献==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="springer">{{cite journal|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00985266#page-1|title=Phylogenetic relationships of the durians (Bombacaceae-Durioneae or /Malvaceae/Helicteroideae/Durioneae) based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences|accessdate=2015-12-30|doi=10.1007/BF00985266|volume=224|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|pages=55–82|archive-date=2020-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226001645/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00985266#page-1|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}


{{维基物种|Durio}}
{{维基物种|Durio}}
{{Commonscat|Durio}}
{{Commons category|Durio}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2309085}}
[[Category:榴梿属| ]]


[[Category:榴梿属| ]]
{{Link FA|en}}
[[Category:卡尔·林奈命名的生物分类]]
{{Link FA|sv}}
{{Link FA|th}}

2023年6月9日 (五) 06:31的最新版本

榴梿属
榴槤（Durio zibethinus）
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目： 锦葵目 Malvales
科： 錦葵科 Malvaceae
亚科： 山芝麻亚科 Helicteroideae
族： 榴梿族 Durioneae
属： 榴梿属 Durio
L., 1763
模式種
榴梿
Durio zibethinus
L., vide J.A.Murray 1774.
多样性[1]
逾32种

榴槤属（学名：Durio）是锦葵科山芝麻亚科榴梿族下的一屬。

本属已知有32个物种[1]，其中已知能生产可食用果实的有9种，在国际贸易最上常见的就是榴梿（D. zibethinus），其它几种只在原生地市场上出现。

其它物种则未发现或未确定是否有可食用果实。[2]

分类

[编辑]

本属属于山芝麻亚科榴梿族，各近缘属的亲缘关系如下[3]：

榴梿族 Durioneae
 
 
 

榴槤屬 Durio

 
 

孔药榴梿属 Boschia

 
 
 
 

短瓣榴梿属 Kostermansia

 
 

杯榴梿属 Coelostegia

 
 
 
 

毛榴梿属 Neesia

 
 

物种

[编辑]

  假种皮可食

中文名 学名 学名作者 发表年份 图像 分布与描述 保护现况
榴梿 Durio zibethinus L. 1774  NE 
红壳榴梿 Durio dulcis Becc. 1889 原生于婆罗洲。  VU [4]
山魈榴梿 Durio grandiflorus (Mast.) Kosterm. & Soegeng 1958 分布于婆罗洲北部（汶莱、沙巴及砂拉越）  VU [5]
浓味榴梿 Durio graveolens Becc. 1889  NE 
古泰榴梿（英语：Durio kutejensis） Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. 1889 分布于婆罗洲中部山区  VU [6]
罗氏榴梿 Durio lowianus Scort. ex King 1891  NE 
大花榴梿 Durio macrantha Kosterm. 1992  NE 
奥氏榴梿 Durio oxleyanus Griff. 1845  NE 
乌龟榴梿（英语：Durio testudinarum） Durio testudinarum Becc. 1889 分布于婆罗洲。  VU [7]
尖叶榴梿 Durio acutifolius (Mast.) Kosterm. 1953 分布于加里曼丹和沙巴。  VU [8]
似马六甲榴梿 Durio affinis Becc. 1889 分布于西加里曼丹和沙巴。  NE 
贝氏榴梿 Durio beccarianus Kosterm. & Soegeng 1958 分布于西加里曼丹。
汶莱榴梿 Durio bruneiensis Kosterm. 1994  NE 
拉也山榴梿 Durio bukitrayaensis Kosterm. 1990  NE 
缅甸榴梿 Durio burmanicus Soegeng 1965  NE 
湿地榴梿 Durio carinatus Mast. 1875 分布于马来西亚半岛及婆罗洲。  NE 
锡兰榴梿 Durio ceylanicus Gardner 1847  NE 
粗柄榴梿 Durio crassipes Kosterm. & Soegeng 1958 分布于沙巴丹南和实必丹一带。  NE 
无子衣榴梿 Durio exarillatus 未正式发表 -  NE 
高耸榴梿 Durio excelsus (Korth.) Bakh. 1924 分布于加里曼丹。  NE 
Durio gerikensis M.N.Faizal, Edward, Latiff & Hadrul[9] 2022 马来西亚
格氏榴梿 Durio griffithii (Mast.) Bakh. 1924 分布于马来西亚半岛、苏门答腊及婆罗洲。  NE 
京那巴鲁榴梿 Durio kinabaluensis Kosterm & Soegeng 1958 分布于沙巴。  NE 
矛叶榴梿 Durio lanceolatus Mast. 1875 分布于婆罗洲。  NT [10]
光滑榴梿 Durio lissocarpus Mast. 1875 分布于婆罗洲。  NE 
大鳞叶榴梿 Durio macrolepis Kosterm. 1958 分布于马来西亚半岛。  NE 
大叶榴梿 Durio macrophyllus (King) Ridl. 1922 分布于马来西亚半岛。  NE 
马六甲榴梿 Durio malaccensis Planch. ex Mast. 1874 分布于马来西亚半岛、苏门答腊。
花通常为白色，但在柔佛发现一些花带红色的植株，
这可能是与花带粉红或红色的罗氏榴梿（D. lowianus） 或槟城榴梿（D. pinangianus）的跨种杂交。[11] 		 NE 
曼氏榴梿 Durio mansonii (Gamble) Bakh. 1924 分布于缅甸。  NE 
椭形榴梿 Durio oblongus Mast. 1875 分布于砂拉越  NE 
槟城榴梿（英语：Durio pinangianus） Durio pinangianus (Becc.) Ridl. 1922 分布于马来西亚半岛（霹雳及槟城）。  VU [12]
紫榴梿 Durio purpureus Kosterm. & Soegeng. 1958 分布于西加里曼丹。  NE 
新加坡榴梿 Durio singaporensis Ridl. 1916 分布于马来西亚半岛。  NE 
怀史氏榴梿 Durio wyatt-smithii Kosterm. 1958 分布于马来西亚半岛（登嘉楼）。  DD [13]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Durio （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In: The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） [2014-6-15].
  2. ^ Brown, Michael J. Durio — A Bibliographic Review. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. 1997. ISBN 92-9043-318-3. 
  3. ^ Phylogenetic relationships of the durians (Bombacaceae-Durioneae or /Malvaceae/Helicteroideae/Durioneae) based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution: 55–82. [2015-12-30]. doi:10.1007/BF00985266. （原始内容存档于2020-02-26）. 
  4. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Durio dulcis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
  5. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Durio grandiflorus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
  6. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Durio kutejensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
  7. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Durio testudinarum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
  8. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Durio acutifoliu. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
  9. ^ Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli, Mohamad Hadrul Hashim, Edward Entalai Besi, Muhammad Ikhwanuddin Mat-Esa, Ahmad Zaki Zaini, Mohd Masri Saranum, Salmaniza Salleh, Rosliza Jajuli, Muhammad Shafie Md Sah, Noraini Talip, A. Latiff. 2022. Durio gerikensis (Malvaceae), A New Arilless Durio from Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Phytotaxa. 543(1); 21–30. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.2
  10. ^ Chadburn, H. 2018. Durio lanceolatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T34569A120270279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T34569A120270279.en. Downloaded on 08 September 2019.
  11. ^ Morton, J. F. Fruits of Warm Climates. Florida Flair Books. 1987. ISBN 0-9610184-1-0.  Full text （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Durian chapter （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  12. ^ Chua, L.S.L. Durio pinangianus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
  13. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Durio wyatt-smithii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998. [2014-6-15]. 
維基物種上的相關信息：榴槤屬
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：榴槤屬
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