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丹波区:修订间差异

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{{Expand language|1=en|time=2022-03-14T09:32:46+00:00}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
{{Infobox settlement
[[Category:Short description matches Wikidata]]
<!-- Basic info -->
{| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"
|name = 丹波區
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">灯波(Dumbo)</div>
|official_name = Dumbo
<div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass</div>
|other_name = Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass
|- class="mergedbottomrow"
|nickname =
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |坐标: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°42′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°59′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.703°N 73.990°W</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">40.703; -73.990</span></span></span></span></span></span>
|settlement_type = {{tsl|en|Neighborhoods of Brooklyn|布魯克林街區}}
|- class="mergedtoprow"
|motto =
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |国家
<!-- images and maps -->
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|链接=|替代=|边框|23x23像素]]&nbsp;</span>[[美国]]
|image_skyline = DUMBO Brooklyn, as seen from the viewing gallery of One World Trade Center.jpg
|- class="mergedrow"
|imagesize = 300px
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[美国州份|州]]
|image_caption = 2016 年從[[世界貿易中心一號大樓]]看到的丹波區,由[[布魯克林大橋]](右下)和[[曼哈頓大橋]](左中)構成
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_New_York.svg|链接=|替代=|边框|23x23像素]]&nbsp;</span>[[纽约州]]
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=y|frame-align=center|zoom=12|type=shape|from=Neighbourhoods/New York City/Dumbo.map}}<!--{{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-lat=40.705|frame-long=-73.975|zoom=9|type=point|coord={{coord|40.703|-73.990}}}}-->
|- class="mergedrow"
| map_caption = 在紐約市的位置
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[城市]]
<!-- location ------------------>
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_New_York_City.svg|链接=|替代=|边框|23x23像素]]&nbsp;</span>[[纽约|纽约市]]
| subdivision_type = [[主权国家列表]]
|- class="mergedrow"
| subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}}
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[行政區 (紐約市)|行政区]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[美国州份]]
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Borough_of_Brooklyn.png|链接=|替代=|边框|23x23像素]]</span> [[布鲁克林区]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|New York}}
|- class="mergedtoprow"
| subdivision_type2 = [[城市]]
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |面积
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|New York City}}
|- class="mergedrow"
| subdivision_type3 = [[行政區 (紐約市)|行政區]]
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;总共
| subdivision_name3 ={{Flagicon image|Flag of Borough of Brooklyn.png|size=23px}} [[布魯克林區]]
| class="infobox-data" |0.050&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (0.13&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
|- class="mergedtoprow"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |人口<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>([[2010年美國人口普查|2010]])
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;总共
| class="infobox-data" |1,139
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;密度
| class="infobox-data" |23,000/sq&nbsp;mi (8,800/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
![[美國郵區編號|邮政编码]]
|11201
|- class="mergedrow"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[电话号码分类计划|区号]]
| class="infobox-data" |718、347、929和917
|- style="display:none"
| colspan="2" |
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |位置
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |大致边界为[[布鲁克林区|纽约市布鲁克林区]]的
主街华盛顿街,东河,约翰街,
桥街和杰伊街,和前街约克街。
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |坐标
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°42′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°59′17″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.70306°N 73.98806°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">40.70306; -73.98806</span></span></span></span>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |面积
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |48 英亩(19&nbsp;公顷)
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |建成
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |1883
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |建筑
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |多样
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |建筑风格
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |希腊复兴式、意大利式等
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |NRHP参考编号
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |00001151
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |加入NRHP时间
| class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |2000年9月22日
|- style="display:none"
| colspan="2" |
|}
灯波,灯波区(Dumbo或者DUMBO, <ref name="dolkart">{{Cite book|last=Dolkart|first=Andrew S.|url=http://home2.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/DUMBO_Designation_Report.pdf|title=DUMBO Historic District Designation Report|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=December 18, 2007|accessdate=September 6, 2015|display-authors=etal|archivedate=February 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201162603/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/DUMBO_Designation_Report.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="nyt2007-12-25">{{Cite news|title=Dumbo Journal: District Trying to Forge a New Identity|first=Anne|author=Barnard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25journal.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 25, 2007|accessdate=September 6, 2015}}</ref>'''D'''own '''U'''nder the '''M'''anhattan '''B'''ridge '''O'''verpass的缩略写法)是[[纽约州]][[纽约|纽约市]][[布鲁克林区|布鲁克林]][[行政區 (紐約市)|区]]的一个社区。


<!-- Area -->
被称为灯波的地区曾经被称为盖尔维尔(Gairville)。 <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|first=David W.|author=Dunlap|title=SoHo, TriBeCa And Now Dumbo?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/25/realestate/soho-tribeca-and-now-dumbo.html|work=New York Times|date=October 25, 1998|accessdate=April 19, 2017}}</ref>它包括两个部分:一个位于[[曼哈頓大橋|曼哈顿]]和[[布魯克林大橋|布鲁克林大桥]]之间,穿过[[東河 (紐約市)|东河]]连接布鲁克林和[[曼哈頓|曼哈顿]],另一个从曼哈顿大桥向东延伸到醋山(Vinegar Hill)地区。
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_sq_mi =0.050
|population_as_of = [[2010年美國人口普查]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 1,139
|population_note =
|population_density_km2 = auto


<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
该社区的北面是[[布鲁克林大桥公园]],西面是[[布魯克林大橋|布鲁克林大桥]],南面是[[布鲁克林高地]],东面是醋山。 灯波是布鲁克林社区2号委员会(Brooklyn Community Board 2)的成员。
|postal_code_type = [[美國郵區編號]]

|postal_code = 11201
该地区最开始是一个[[渡輪|渡轮]]码头,其以19世纪和20世纪初的工业和仓库建筑、比利时街区街道以及它位于东河上的曼哈顿大桥雄伟的锚地而闻名。整个灯波区在20世纪后期被开发商David Walentas和他的公司Two Trees Management购入,并改造成高档住宅和商业社区——首先成为艺术[[美術館|画廊]]的港湾,现在是科技[[初创企业|初创公司]]的中心。
|area_code = {{tsl|en|Area codes 718, 347, and 929||718, 347, 929}}, and {{tsl|en|Area code 917||917}}

|website =

|footnotes =
巨大的科技创业社区让灯波区得到了“布鲁克林科技三角中心”的绰号。那时,灯波区已经成为布鲁克林最昂贵的社区,也是纽约市第四富有的社区,这是由于它大量集中了科技[[初创企业|初创公司]],位置靠近曼哈顿,同时有大量以前的工业建筑改造而成的宽敞豪华住宅[[LOFT|阁楼(Lofts)]]。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=The 8 Most Expensive Neighborhoods in New York City|url=http://www.newyork.com/articles/real-estate/the-most-expensive-neighborhoods-in-new-york-city-75971|access-date=November 7, 2015|author=Nonko|date=January 27, 2015|first=Emily|work=New York.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029075613/http://www.newyork.com/articles/real-estate/the-most-expensive-neighborhoods-in-new-york-city-75971/|archive-date=October 29, 2015}}</ref>该社区是电子商务零售商[[Etsy]]和家居商店公司West Elm的公司总部所在地。
{{Infobox NRHP

| name = DUMBO Industrial District
== 历史 ==
| embed = yes
{{stack|[[File:Street fair under the Manhattan Bridge overpass, July 2017.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|街头集市,灯波区,2017年7月]]
| nrhp_type = hd
[[File:View of Manhattan Bridge from Washington Street in DUMBO, Brooklyn.jpg|upright=1.3|left|thumb|曼哈顿大桥,框定帝国大厦,从华盛顿街看到的视角]]|float=left}}
| nocat = yes
“灯波”的英语名字“Dumbo”是“Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass”的[[首字母縮略字|英文首字母缩写]]。该地区曾经被叫作Rapailie、Olympia和 Walentasville。<ref name="DumboNYC">{{Cite web|title=About Dumbo|url=http://dumbonyc.com/about|access-date=December 10, 2012|work=Dumbo NYC, Brooklyn|publisher=DumboNYC.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213183341/http://dumbonyc.com/about/|archive-date=December 13, 2012}}</ref>启动灯波目前高档化进程的开发商,是当时由大卫·瓦伦塔斯(David Walentas)领导的两棵树管理公司(Two Trees Management)。 <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|first=David W.|author=Dunlap|title=SoHo, TriBeCa And Now Dumbo?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/25/realestate/soho-tribeca-and-now-dumbo.html|work=New York Times|date=October 25, 1998|accessdate=April 19, 2017}}</ref> “Olympia”这个名字来自康福特和约书亚桑兹二人,他们于1787年<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Olympia Settlement in Early Brooklyn|year=1929|location=New York}}</ref>购买了这片土地,并计划将这块土地建设为纽约人的避暑胜地。 <ref>{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of American Biography|last=Johnson|first=Allen|publisher=Charles Scribner’s Sons|year=1964|location=New York|pages=341–342}}</ref>在18和19世纪之间,现在被称为“灯波(Dumbo)”的地区被认为是醋山的一部分。 <ref name="HISTORICAL DISTRICTS 1966">{{Cite journal|title=Historical Districts|date=1966|journal=Real Property, Probate and Trust Journal|issue=3|volume=1|pages=204–211|jstor=20780654}}</ref>
| image = Plymouth Street 2008 jeh.jpg

| caption = 2008年3月,普利茅斯街丹波工業區
19世纪90年代,该社区的西部成为连接曼哈顿的[[渡輪|渡轮]]停靠站之后,直到[[布魯克林大橋|布鲁克林大桥]]开通以前,一直被称为富尔顿航点Fulton Landing。当时,它主要是一个制造区,有仓库和工厂,制造机械、纸盒和Brillo肥皂垫。[[瓦楞紙盒|纸板箱]]是苏格兰移民罗伯特·盖尔在华盛顿街的罗伯特盖尔大楼里发明的。由于盖尔的名气,该地区长期以来被称为盖尔斯维尔(Gairsville)。 <ref name="DumboNYC">{{Cite web|title=About Dumbo|url=http://dumbonyc.com/about|access-date=December 10, 2012|work=Dumbo NYC, Brooklyn|publisher=DumboNYC.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213183341/http://dumbonyc.com/about/|archive-date=December 13, 2012}}</ref> 盖尔大楼现在是[[Etsy]]的所在地。 <ref name="usa">Graham, Jefferson. </ref>
| location =

| coordinates = {{coord|40|42|11|N|73|59|17|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}
[[杰伊街连接铁路|杰伊大街接驳铁路]]从约1904-1906年开始直到1957年穿行于灯波区的海滨。它从曼哈顿和布鲁克林大桥下的车辆段一直延伸到灯波区和醋山的海滨附近的建筑。在其运营高峰期,它有几座建筑、一座桥街上的汽车浮桥和一个可容纳120辆列车的车库。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jay Street Terminal / Jay Street Connecting Railroad|url=http://members.trainweb.com/bedt/indloco/jst.html|access-date=November 28, 2018|date=November 30, 2017|work=TrainWeb.org}}</ref> <ref name="NYPress-JSC-2003">{{Cite web|title=The Jay Street Connecting Railroad|url=http://www.nypress.com/the-jay-street-connecting-railroad/|author=Bryk|date=April 22, 2003|first=William|work=NY Press}}</ref>铁轨于1959年被废弃,<ref>{{Cite web|title=RAIL LINE TO END ITS BROOKLYN RUN; Jay Street Connecting Road Allowed to Discontinue Operations in Harbor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/04/16/archives/rail-line-to-end-its-brooklyn-run-jay-street-connecting-road.html|access-date=November 28, 2018|date=April 16, 1959|work=The New York Times}}</ref>不过铁路的铁轨在灯波区的街道上仍然可见。 <ref name="NYPress-JSC-2003" />
| built = 1883
[[File:John-Street-Park-DUMBO-Brooklyn.png|缩略图|布鲁克林灯波区的约翰街公园]]
| architect = 多樣
随着纽约市的[[去工業化|去工业化]],灯波区开始以住宅为主。1970 年代后期,为工作室和住宅寻找相对较大且价格低廉的[[LOFT|阁楼公寓]]空间的艺术家和其他年轻自耕农开始搬到那里。 <ref name="nyt2007-12-25">{{Cite news|title=Dumbo Journal: District Trying to Forge a New Identity|first=Anne|author=Barnard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25journal.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 25, 2007|accessdate=September 6, 2015}}</ref>首字母缩略词“Dumbo”出现在1978年,那时新居民认为这样一个没有吸引力的名字会有助于阻止开发商。 <ref name="nyt2007-12-25" />
| architecture = 希臘復興式、意大利式等

| added = September 22, 2000
在靠近20 世纪末的时候,随着曼哈顿的房产变得越来越昂贵,灯波区变得越来越[[绅士化|高档化]]。即便如此,直到1997年,首字母缩略词“Dumbo”在很大程度上还是默默无闻的,同时该地区本身非常包容,主要作为[[東河 (紐約市)|东河沿岸]]和[[曼哈頓大橋|曼哈顿桥下]]艺术家们的飞地。这个阶段还有很多空调维修店、汽车店,还有“破烂的后巷码头”。而且由于该社区仍处于从之前的工业时代到当时逐渐高档化的过渡期,它甚至连书店、咖啡店或[[自助洗衣店]]都没有。 <ref name="nyt 19971010">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3DC153CF933A25753C1A961958260&pagewanted=all "As It Turns Artistic, A Noirish Enclave Steps Into the Light"]. </ref>在灯波艺术中心(Dumbo Arts Center,DAC)创始总监、灯波桥下艺术节联合创始人乔伊·格利登(Joy Glidden)的努力下,灯波区取得了成功的发展,现已成为全球同类滨水开发的模范。 <ref>[http://soulofbrooklyn.com/neighborhoods/dumbo/ Dumbo - Soul of Brooklyn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214045443/http://soulofbrooklyn.com/neighborhoods/dumbo/|date=February 14, 2014}}. </ref> “这也许是纽约最后一个真正的艺术社区之一。”,格利登在谈到灯波区的高档化时如是说。<ref name="nyt 19971010" />
| area = {{convert|48|acre}}

| refnum = 00001151<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2009a}}</ref>
灯波历史街区,作为灯波区历史悠久的工业园区和国家[[美國歷史區|历史街区]],于2000年被列入[[國家史蹟名錄|国家史迹名录]]。 <ref name="nris"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="522">[https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP "National Register Information System"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="523">''[[National Register of Historic Places]]''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="525">[[National Park Service]]. </span></cite><span data-segmentid="527" class="cx-segment"><cite class="citation web cs1">March 13, 2009.</cite> </span></ref>它由95座建筑一同组成。
}}

}}
位于此地区的制造业包括Benjamin Moore &amp;amp; Co.(油漆制造商)、Arbuckle Brothers (咖啡和糖制造商)、JW Masury & Son(油漆制造商)、Robert Gair(纸盒制造商)、EW Bliss(机械制造商)和Brillo(肥皂垫制造商)。灯波区有美国最早的大型[[钢筋混凝土]]厂房。<ref name="nrhpinv_ny">{{Cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration:DUMBO Industrial District|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=3049|access-date=March 6, 2011|author=Kathy Howe|date=June 2000|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019090418/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=3049|archive-date=October 19, 2012}}</ref>
'''丹波区'''({{lang-en|Dumbo}}或DUMBO,为'''D'''own '''U'''nder the '''M'''anhattan '''B'''ridge '''O'''verpass的缩略写法<ref name="dolkart">{{Cite book|last=Dolkart|first=Andrew S.|url=http://home2.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/DUMBO_Designation_Report.pdf|title=DUMBO Historic District Designation Report|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=December 18, 2007|accessdate=September 6, 2015|display-authors=etal|archivedate=February 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201162603/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/DUMBO_Designation_Report.pdf}}</ref><ref name="nyt2007-12-25">{{Cite news|title=Dumbo Journal: District Trying to Forge a New Identity|first=Anne|author=Barnard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25journal.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 25, 2007|accessdate=September 6, 2015|archive-date=2012-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218043252/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25journal.html}}</ref>)是美國[[纽约州]][[纽约|纽约市]][[布鲁克林区|布鲁克林]][[行政區 (紐約市)|区]]的一个社区。丹波的北面是[[布鲁克林大桥公园]],西面是[[布魯克林大橋]],南面是[[布鲁克林高地]],东面是醋山。丹波区最开始是一个[[渡輪]]码头,现在當地有許多科技[[初创企业]]。丹波也是电子商务零售商[[Etsy]]和家居商店公司West Elm的公司总部所在地。

2007年12月18日,[[紐約市地標保護委員會|纽约市地标保护委员会]]通过投票,一致决定将灯波区指定为纽约市第90个历史街区。灯波历史街区由北至约翰街(John Street)、南至约克街(York Street)、西至主街(Main Street)和东至桥街(Bridge Street)的地产组成。 <ref>{{Cite press release|accessdate=July 3, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020232259/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/press/12_18_07.pdf|archivedate=October 20, 2012}}</ref>

== 土地使用 ==

=== 艺术、商务和休闲 ===
该地区已成为纽约市的先驱艺术区之一,拥有 Klompching 画廊等营利性艺术画廊,以及St. Ann's Warehouse和AIR 画廊等非营利机构。

2000年12月,厨师长Jacques Torres于灯波区建立了一家巧克力工厂。 <ref>{{Cite news|title='Mr Chocolate' blazed a sweet trail for retailers - Jacques Torres Chocolates|first=Peter|author=Moore|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_27_50/ai_113898100|work=Real Estate Weekly|date=February 18, 2004|accessdate=July 3, 2010}}</ref>该地区的其他食品商还有Grimaldi's披萨连锁店、<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pizza Madness: Grimaldi Taking Over Grimaldi's When Grimaldi Moves Next Door|url=http://nonabrooklyn.com/pizza-madness-grimaldi-taking-over-grimaldis-when-grimaldis-moves-next-door/|access-date=November 29, 2011|author=Shaw|date=November 29, 2011|first=Joanna|work=Nona Brooklyn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209084545/http://nonabrooklyn.com/pizza-madness-grimaldi-taking-over-grimaldis-when-grimaldis-moves-next-door/|archive-date=December 9, 2011}}</ref> Ample Hills Creamery冰淇淋店、 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ample Hills Creamery to replace the Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory in Brooklyn Bridge Park|url=https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2018/12/05/ample-hills-creamery-to-replace-the-brooklyn-ice-cream-factory-in-brooklyn-bridge-park/|access-date=July 11, 2019|date=December 5, 2018|work=[[Brooklyn Eagle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711173123/https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2018/12/05/ample-hills-creamery-to-replace-the-brooklyn-ice-cream-factory-in-brooklyn-bridge-park/|archive-date=July 11, 2019}}</ref> Almondine Bakery烘焙店<ref>{{Cite web|title=Almondine Bakery In DUMBO Reopens For First Time Since Hurricane Sandy|url=http://gothamist.com/food/almondine-bakery-in-dumbo-reopens-for-first-time-since-hurricane-sandy|access-date=2020-09-03|author=Marks|date=2013-03-06|first=Aaron|work=Gothamist|language=en}}</ref>、和River Café <ref>{{Cite web|title=The River Café Restaurant - Brooklyn, New York - Established 1977|url=http://therivercafe.com|access-date=July 14, 2018|work=The River Café}}</ref>餐厅等。它们都聚集在富尔顿登陆地(Fulton Landing),这里也是古典音乐的浮动会场Bargemusic的所在地。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Music in Review|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3D9173BF933A1575BC0A967958260|access-date=August 4, 2008|author=Allan Kozinn|date=August 20, 1991|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

2017年11月,加拿大鞋履设计师John Fluevog在主街(Main Street)开了一家店。他“装饰艺术”风格鞋子的名流粉丝包括了[[基特·哈靈頓|Kit Harington]] 、[[伍迪·哈里森|Woody Harrelson]]和[[碧昂絲|Beyoncé]]等人。<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/fashion/john-fluevog-shoes.html</ref>

灯波区附近的第一个公共区域是富尔顿渡轮, <ref>{{Cite web|title=New York Water Taxi Begins Service From Fulton Ferry|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/64607/new-york-water-taxi-begins-service-from-fulton-ferry|access-date=November 27, 2006|publisher=NY1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630011834/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/64607/new-york-water-taxi-begins-service-from-fulton-ferry|archive-date=June 30, 2013}}</ref>然后是[[布鲁克林大桥公园|帝国富尔顿渡轮州立公园]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Empire Fulton Ferry|url=http://www.brooklynbridgepark.org/the-park/empire-fulton-ferry-open|access-date=September 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014141311/http://www.brooklynbridgepark.org/the-park/empire-fulton-ferry-open|archive-date=October 14, 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Calder|first=Rich|title=Brooklyn Bridge Park finally set to open|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/brooklyn_bridge_park_finally_set_bym9agsosKay1dnTONph0L|accessdate=October 24, 2013|work=New York Post|date=December 17, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118182829/http://www.nypost.com/p/brooklyn_bridge_park_finally_set_bym9agsosKay1dnTONph0L|archivedate=January 18, 2010}}</ref>

[[布鲁克林大桥公园]]的前六英亩,一个正在开发中的州/市合资企业,于 2010年3月开放。<ref>{{Cite press release|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121214041818/http://www.governor.ny.gov/archive/paterson/press/032210BrooklynBridgePark.html|archivedate=December 14, 2012|accessdate=April 4, 2012}}</ref>

灯波区的悬崖是一个面积为7,800平方英尺的户外攀岩场馆,它位于布鲁克林大桥公园(Brooklyn Bridge Park)的主街部分,更是北美地区最大的户外[[抱石]]馆。 <ref>https://dumbo.is/hometo/cliffs-at-dumbo</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The largest outdoor climbing gym in the country is returning to Brooklyn Bridge Park|url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/the-largest-outdoor-climbing-gym-in-the-country-is-returning-to-brooklyn-bridge-park-050718}}</ref>
{{stack|[[File:John Fluevog Shoes, 37 Main Street, Brooklyn NY.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Fluevog]] 商店展示,灯波区]]|float=left}}
布里洛制造公司(Brillo Manufacturing Co.)曾经占据的位于200 Water Street的大楼,正在翻新为高级公寓大厦。 <ref>{{Cite news|title=In Dumbo, a Study in Industrial Chic|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-dumbo-a-study-in-industrial-chic-1449708719|work=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=December 11, 2015|issn=0099-9660|first=Josh|author=Barbanel}}</ref>

灯波区拱门(DUMBO Archway)是电影拍摄、艺术展览、音乐现场、大型活动和观看[[國際足協世界盃|世界杯]]等活动的热门地点。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dumbo celebration marks the 10th anniversary of the iconic Archway's public life|url=https://www.6sqft.com/dumbo-celebration-marks-the-10th-anniversary-of-the-iconic-archways-public-life/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's World Cup Brings Hundreds of Fans Together at Brooklyn Watch Party|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/06/28/womens-world-cup-watch-party-brooklyn/|date=June 28, 2019}}</ref>托德·菲利普斯(Todd Phillips)于 2019 年上映的电影《''[[小丑 (電影)|小丑]]''》的预告片中,演员[[華堅·馮力士|华金·菲尼克斯]](Joaquin Phoenix)扮演[[小丑 (角色)|小丑]]穿过拱门。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://gothamist.com/2018/09/25/joker_filming_dumbo_photos.php|access-date=July 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308074832/http://gothamist.com/2018/09/25/joker_filming_dumbo_photos.php|archive-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref>拱门还在四月至十月的每个星期日举办布鲁克林跳蚤市场。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Brooklyn Flea Celebrates 10th Anniversary with New Year-Round Outpost in Industry City|url=https://bklyner.com/brooklyn-flea-celebrates-10th-anniversary-with-new-year-round-outpost-in-industry-city/|date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>户外市场有 80 家供应商,产品范围涵盖了从二手商品到定制珠宝。

格里森健身房(Gleason's Gym)位于水街(Water Street),是纽约最古老的拳击体育馆。许多冠军曾在这里训练,包括[[穆罕默德·阿里]](Muhammad Ali)和[[迈克·泰森]](Mike Tyson)。<ref>https://www.blogs.va.gov/VAntage/47668/historic-new-york-boxing-gym-opens-its-doors-to-veterans/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gleason's Gym recalls Muhammad Ali training more than 50 years ago|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/muhammad-ali-training-gleasons-gym-new-york-remembered/|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref>

自 1980 年代以来,这家拳击体育馆一直位于灯波区。2016 年,它从77 Front Street搬到了现在的130 Water Street。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/nyregion/gleasons-gym-brooklyn.html|title=At Gleason's Gym, Years of Sweat and Grime|work=The New York Times|date=November 18, 2016|author=Vadukul|first=Alex}}</ref>传奇拳击教练赫克托·罗卡(Hector Roca)仍然在水街的位置任教。

除了拳击冠军,罗卡还培养了很多演员,包括[[衛斯里·史奈普|韦斯利·斯奈普斯]](Wesley Snipes)、[[希拉里·斯旺克|希拉里·斯万克]](Hilary Swank,)、[[詹妮弗·洛佩兹]](Jennifer Lopez)和[[約翰·李古查摩|约翰·雷吉扎莫]](John Leguizamo)。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Q&A with Boxing Coach Hector Roca - Nymag|url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/columns/intelligencer/10977/}}</ref>

2017年,水街(Water Street)的Empire Stores结束了改造。在此以前,它曾是美国内战(Civil War)时期的一个咖啡仓库。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://gothamist.com/2016/12/02/photos_empire_stores_dumbo.php|access-date=July 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414160708/http://gothamist.com/2016/12/02/photos_empire_stores_dumbo.php|archive-date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>现在它被改造成混合区域,用于零售与办公,这之中包括West Elm的全球旗舰店。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Empire Stores redevelopment passes a major milestone|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/8/19/12561888/empire-stores-redevelopment-west-elm|date=August 19, 2016}}</ref> Empire Stores的零售商还包括总部位于底特律的制表商Shinola,以及咖啡馆和配饰店FEED Projects。

2017年5月,[[布鲁克林历史学会]](Brooklyn Historical Society,BHS) 在Empire Stores建立了新的分店(其主要地点在[[布鲁克林高地]])。BHS 展出与灯波区的工业历史相关的展品和文物。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brooklyn Historical Society embraces Dumbo's maritime past at Empire Stores|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2017/5/19/15663524/brooklyn-historical-society-empire-stores-dumbo|date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> 2019年5月,[[Time Out]] Market在Empire Stores开张。美食大厅有 21 家当地供应商,包括Breads Bakery <ref>{{Cite web|title=Breads Bakery {{!}} New York Magazine {{!}} The Thousand Best|url=https://nymag.com/listings/restaurant/breads-bakery/|access-date=2019-11-05|date=2019-02-20|work=New York Magazine|language=en-us}}</ref>和灯波区著名的比萨店Juliana's。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Time Out Market New York Now Open in DUMBO|url=https://bklyner.com/time-out-market-new-york-now-open-in-dumbo/|date=May 31, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://gothamist.com/2019/05/30/dumbo_food_hall_photos.php|access-date=July 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174236/http://gothamist.com/2019/05/30/dumbo_food_hall_photos.php|archive-date=June 4, 2019}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="130">
File:Women's World Cup screening in DUMBO 2019 (USA vs. France).jpg|灯波区放映2019年[[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup|国际足协女子世界杯]](美国队对阵法国队)
File:Empire Stores lobby.jpg|Empire Stores的大厅(左边是[[FEED Projects|FEED 商店]])
File:Vendor display at Brooklyn Flea.jpg|[[Brooklyn Flea|布鲁克林跳蚤市场]],灯波区拱门下,供应商示意图
File:DUMBO Archway 10th Anniversary Celebration (June 21, 2019).jpg|十周年庆典,灯波区拱门
File:Time Out Market, opening day (May 31, 2019).jpg|Empire Stores的Time Out Market
</gallery>{{Clear left}}

=== 技术中心 ===
灯波是纽约市科技公司聚集度最高的地区。 <ref name="usa">Graham, Jefferson. </ref> 灯波区是纽约市25%的科技公司的所在地。方圆10个街区内有500余个科技和创意公司,总员工人数超过10,000人。 <ref name="usa" />这里还是电子商务零售商[[Etsy]] <ref>[Goodman, Wendy. </ref>和家居商店公司 West Elm 的公司总部的所在地。 <ref>Gurfein, Laura. </ref>
[[File:Pearl_Street_Triangle_in_DUMBO.jpg|左|缩略图|灯波区的珍珠街[[口袋公园]],2019 年]]
纽约市与[[纽约大学]]合作,在灯波区设立了一个孵化区,以支持科技初创企业的发展。 <ref name="usa">Graham, Jefferson. </ref> 2013 年曼哈顿的平均租金为每平方英尺 40 美元,而灯波区的办公室平均租金为每平方英尺25美元——这使得它比曼哈顿更具吸引力。 <ref name="usa" />该地区被拿来与Silicon Roundabout地区(位于东伦敦地区[[肖迪奇|肖尔迪奇]])以及硅巷(位于曼哈顿)作比较。

=== 交通 ===
[[紐約地鐵|纽约市地铁]]站位于属于[[IND第六大道線|IND 第六大道线]]的[[約克街車站 (IND第六大道線)|约克街站]]({{NYCS trains|Sixth far south}})和在[[IND第八大道线|IND 第八大道线上]]的[[高街車站 (IND第八大道線)|高街站]]({{NYCS trains|Cranberry}})。 <ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref>[[MTA區域巴士營運|纽约市巴士]]服务有{{NYC bus link|B25|B67|B69}}等线路。 <ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|B}}</ref>

灯波区通过坡道和楼梯,与布鲁克林大桥和曼哈顿大桥的人行道相连接。

2011年6月,纽约水航(NY Waterway)开始服务于东河沿岸各站点。 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/14/nyregion/east-river-ferry-service-begins-with-7-stops.html|title=East River Ferry Service Begins|author=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|date=June 13, 2011|author2=Quinlan|first2=Adriane|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|accessdate=September 23, 2016}}</ref> 2017年5月1日,该航线成为纽约市渡轮(NYC Ferry)东河航线的一员,该航线在[[曼哈頓金融區|曼哈顿金融区]]的11号码头/华尔街渡轮站和曼哈顿默里山的东34 街渡轮码头之间运营,其在布鲁克林区和皇后区有5个中间站。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=NYC launches ferry service with Queens, East River routes|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|access-date=May 1, 2017|date=May 1, 2017|work=NY Daily News|publisher=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501154444/http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|archive-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html|title=New York Today: Our City's New Ferry|author=Levine|first=Alexandra S.|date=May 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 1, 2017|author2=Wolfe|first2=Jonathan|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>其中灯波区的富尔顿渡轮站是东河渡轮的停靠点之一。 <ref name="east-river">{{Cite web|title=Routes and Schedules: East River|url=https://www.ferry.nyc/routes-and-schedules/route/east-river/|publisher=NYC Ferry}}</ref>

=== 住房 ===
邻里包含法拉格特之家(Farragut Houses),这是一组由纽约市住房管理局管理的十座塔楼。 <ref name="Nation5613">{{Cite news|title=Welcome to the Gilded City of New York|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/173892/welcome-gilded-city-new-york|accessdate=April 18, 2013|work=The Nation|date=April 17, 2013|author=The Editors}}</ref>

== 在流行文化中 ==
{{stack|[[File:Dumbo clean kortune.jpg|upright=0.6|thumb|right|[[Kortunefookie]] “桥下艺术”,灯波区]]|float=right}}

* [[傑里·賽恩菲爾德|Jerry Seinfeld]]在深夜脱口秀节目中提到灯波区(Dumbo),开玩笑地说它代表“Down Under Manhattan Bridge”,但纽约人在末尾添加了“O”,因为他们不想住在一个叫做“蠢货(Dumb)”的社区。 <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zzRAPW9hWo#t=27s Jerry Seinfeld episode from 2001]. </ref>
* Tracy Bonham在她的 CD ''Blink the Brightest''中写了一首关于她在灯波区岁月的歌曲,“Dumbo Sun”。 
* <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:来源请求|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">需要引用</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>该社区在''[[俠盜獵車手IV|侠盗猎车手 IV]]''中被模仿为 BOABO("Beneath the Off-ramp of the Algonquin Bridge Overpass")。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=BOABO|url=http://en.wikigta.org/wiki/BOABO|access-date=2020-11-05|work=WikiGTA - The Complete Grand Theft Auto Walkthrough|language=en}}</ref>
* 灯波区在电影''Killer's Kiss'' (1955)、 ''[[霹靂神探|The French Connection]]'' (1971) 和''[[香草天空|Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001) 中作为拍摄地点出现。它也出现在[[BIGBANG|Big Bang]]的音乐录影带''Blue'' (2012)、 Bananarama的“Cruel Summer”音乐录影带 (1983) 以及''Rescue Me'' (2004) 的片头字幕中<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:来源请求|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">需要引用</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>。 
* 灯波区是电视剧《''[[花邊教主 (電視劇)|绯闻女孩]]''》中汉弗莱家族的住所。华盛顿街的景色经常出现,以告知观众从曼哈顿到布鲁克林的场景变化<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:来源请求|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">需要引用</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>。 
* 灯波区是''[[宝可梦 黑/白|Pokémon Black and White]]''游戏中七宝市(Nacrene City)的灵感来源。 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:来源请求|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">需要引用</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>
* 灯波区在塞尔吉奥·莱昂内 ( [[塞吉歐·李昂尼|Sergio Leone]] ) 戏剧电影''[[美国往事|《美国往事》中]]''作为其中一个场景的取景地占据了显着位置。 <ref name="The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations">{{Cite web|title=Filming Locations for Sergio Leone's epic Once Upon a Time in America (1983), in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Quebec, Paris and Venice.|url=http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/o/Once-Upon-A-Time-In-America.php|access-date=2018-07-14|work=The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations}}</ref>
* 灯波区出现在''[[法律与秩序:特殊受害者|《法律与秩序:特殊受害者单位]]''》中,作为第二季中一个失控女孩和一场狂欢的场所。 

<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:来源请求|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">需要引用</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>
* 灯波区出现在节目“''[[勁爆女子監獄|橙色是新的黑色]]''”中,在第四季的结局“吐司不能再做面包”一集中,作为波西华盛顿过去的闪回序列的一部分,她与朋友分开并遇见一些变装艺术家带她去灯波区的一个俱乐部参加派对。 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:来源请求|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">需要引用</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>
* 灯波区在专辑4:44的[[杰斯|Jay-Z]]曲目''The Story of OJ''中被引用,因为肖恩·卡特 (Shawn Carter) 说他年轻时错过了购买附近现在有价值的建筑物的机会。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jay-Z Revels in the Catharsis of Confession on '4:44'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/02/arts/music/jay-z-4-44-review.html|author=Jon Caramanica|date=Jul 2, 2017|work=New York Times|quote=When he laments not investing in the now-redeveloped Brooklyn neighborhood Dumbo on “The Story of O. J.,” it’s not clever, just a gripe. And one delivered without much flair.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=3 money lessons from Jay-Z's '4:44'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/30/3-money-lessons-from-jay-zs-444.html|author=Courtney Connley|date=Jun 30, 2017|publisher=CNBC|quote=On this track, the rapper bemoans rising real estate values in his home city}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

== 画廊 ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="170">
File:View of Brooklyn Bridge Park from Manhattan Bridge.jpg|从[[Manhattan Bridge|曼哈顿大桥]]看灯波区
File:DUMBO Historic District street signs.jpg|灯波历史街区路牌
File:Summer opening of "Live at The Archway" (June 13, 2019).jpg|“Live at The Archway”夏季开幕式
File:St. Ann's Warehouse in Brooklyn.jpg|[[St. Ann's Warehouse|圣安仓库]]
File:DJ Kai Song setting up in the DUMBO Archway.jpg|《Live at the Archway》夏季每周四晚由灯波区BID主持<ref>{{Cite web|title=Live at the Archway|url=https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/music/live-at-the-archway}}</ref>
File:Melville House Publishing and Bookstore.jpg|约翰街的[[Melville House Publishing|梅尔维尔之家书店]]
File:Powerhouse Arena Bookstore, 28 Adams Street, Brooklyn NY.jpg|亚当斯街的[[PowerHouse Books|Powerhouse Arena 书店]]
File:Gleason's Gym, 130 Water Street, Brooklyn NY.jpg|水街上的[[Gleason's Gym|格里森健身房]]
File:Scotch & Soda, 76 Front Street, Brooklyn NY.jpg|前街的[[Scotch and Soda (clothing)|Scotch & Soda]]
</gallery>


== 参考条目 ==
== 参考条目 ==
第182行: 第63行:


== 外部链接 ==
== 外部链接 ==
* [https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2007/10/29/nyregion/20071029_DUMBO_SLIDESHOW_index.html Discovering Dumbo Slideshow] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2007/10/29/nyregion/20071029_DUMBO_SLIDESHOW_index.html |date=20151017182107 }},[[纽约时报]],2007年10月29日。


* [https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2007/10/29/nyregion/20071029_DUMBO_SLIDESHOW_index.html Discovering Dumbo Slideshow],''[[纽约时报]]'',2007 年 10 月 29 日
{{Brooklyn}}
[[Category:布魯克林區境內地區]]
[[Category:布魯克林區境內地區]]
[[Category:艺术区]]
[[Category:艺术区]]
[[Category:维基数据存在坐标数据的页面]]
[[Category:布魯克林國家史蹟名錄]]

2023年8月10日 (四) 08:00的最新版本

丹波區
Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass
布魯克林街區英语Neighborhoods of Brooklyn
Dumbo
2016 年從世界貿易中心一號大樓看到的丹波區,由布魯克林大橋(右下)和曼哈頓大橋(左中)構成
2016 年從世界貿易中心一號大樓看到的丹波區,由布魯克林大橋(右下)和曼哈頓大橋(左中)構成
地图
在紐約市的位置
坐标:40°42′11″N 73°59′22″W / 40.703055555556°N 73.989444444444°W / 40.703055555556; -73.989444444444
主权国家列表 美国
美国州份 纽约州
城市 纽约市
行政區 布魯克林區
面积
 • 总计0.050 平方英里(0.1 平方公里)
人口2010年美國人口普查
 • 總計1,139人
 • 密度22,780人/平方英里(表达式错误:无法识别标点符号“”。人/平方公里)
美國郵區編號11201
電話區號718, 347, 929英语Area codes 718, 347, and 929, and 917英语Area code 917
DUMBO Industrial District
2008年3月,普利茅斯街丹波工業區
坐标40°42′11″N 73°59′17″W / 40.70306°N 73.98806°W / 40.70306; -73.98806
占地面积48英畝(19公頃)
建于1883
建筑师多樣
建筑风格希臘復興式、意大利式等
NRHP编号00001151[1]
NRHP收录September 22, 2000

丹波区(英語:Dumbo或DUMBO,为Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass的缩略写法[2][3])是美國纽约州纽约市布鲁克林的一个社区。丹波的北面是布鲁克林大桥公园,西面是布魯克林大橋,南面是布鲁克林高地,东面是醋山。丹波区最开始是一个渡輪码头,现在當地有許多科技初创企业。丹波也是电子商务零售商Etsy和家居商店公司West Elm的公司总部所在地。

参考条目

[编辑]
  1. ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. 
  2. ^ Dolkart, Andrew S.; et al. DUMBO Historic District Designation Report (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. December 18, 2007 [September 6, 2015]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于February 1, 2017). 
  3. ^ Barnard, Anne. Dumbo Journal: District Trying to Forge a New Identity. The New York Times. December 25, 2007 [September 6, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-18). 

外部链接

[编辑]