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美国大学运动员招募:修订间差异

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'''美国大学运动员招募'''是美国大学体育校队招募高中生的过程。[[國家大學體育協會|NCAA]]等组织对招募流程有着严格的规定,正式招募始于高中十年级。各体育机构会给运动员打出星级评分,星级越高,运动员的受期待度越高。
美国大学体育校队会向高中运动员进行'''招募'''。[[國家大學體育協會|NCAA]]等组织对招募流程有着严格的规定,正式招募始于高中十年级([[美国教育#初等教育与中等教育|美国高中]]倒数第二学年)前的夏天。各体育机构会给运动员打出星级评分,星级越高,运动员的受期待度越高。


==流程==
==流程==
美国有多个大学体育管理机构,制定各自的招募规则,其中规模最大、最主流的为[[國家大學體育協會|NCAA]]。NCAA下属的各个级别和各项运动的招募流程不尽相同,其第一级别和第二级别的招募流程大多分为4个阶段:<ref>{{cite web |title=Recruiting |url=https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2021/2/10/recruiting-calendars-faq.aspx |website=NCAA.org |accessdate=2023-06-17}}</ref>
美国有多个大学体育管理机构,制定各自的招募规则,其中规模最大、最主流的为[[國家大學體育協會|NCAA]]。NCAA下属的各个级别和各项运动的招募流程不尽相同,其第一级别和第二级别的招募流程大多分为4个阶段:<ref>{{cite web |title=Recruiting |url=https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2021/2/10/recruiting-calendars-faq.aspx |website=NCAA.org |accessdate=2023-06-17 |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811031234/https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2021/2/10/recruiting-calendars-faq.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 评估阶段:大学教练可以前往高中或者训练营观看比赛,可以与高中教练和老师交谈,但不允许与运动员及其家长直接面谈。
* 评估阶段:大学教练可以前往高中或者训练营观看比赛,可以与高中教练和老师交谈,但不允许与运动员及其家长直接面谈。
* 接触阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长可以进行无限制接触,包括到高中面谈和上门拜访。
* 接触阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长可以进行无限制接触,包括到高中面谈和上门拜访。
* 禁止阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长不允许进行任何形式的面谈。
* 禁止阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长不允许进行任何形式的面谈。
* 静默阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长仅可以在大学进行面谈。
* 静默阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长仅可以在大学进行面谈。
这四个阶段限制大学教练面谈的场合和交谈对象,但不限制电子邮件、电话、短信、视频通话等形式的沟通。<ref>{{cite web |title=2022-23 NCAA Recruiting Calendar and Recruiting Guide |url=https://www.ncsasports.org/ncaa-eligibility-center/recruiting-rules/recruiting-calendar |website=NCSA College Recruiting}}</ref>
这四个阶段限制大学教练面谈的场合和交谈对象,但不限制电子邮件、电话、短信、视频通话等形式的沟通。<ref>{{cite web |title=2022-23 NCAA Recruiting Calendar and Recruiting Guide |url=https://www.ncsasports.org/ncaa-eligibility-center/recruiting-rules/recruiting-calendar |website=NCSA College Recruiting |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617194721/https://www.ncsasports.org/ncaa-eligibility-center/recruiting-rules/recruiting-calendar |dead-url=no }}</ref>
招募流程在十年级末、十一年级(高中倒数第二学)前的夏天开始。<ref>{{cite web |title=NCAA approves rule allowing prospects to take an unlimited number of official recruiting visits |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/ncaa-approves-rule-allowing-prospects-to-take-an-unlimited-number-of-official-recruiting-visits/ |website=CBS Sports|date=2023-04-14}}</ref>
招募流程在十年级末、十一年级(美国的高三,即高中倒数第二学)前的夏天开始。<ref>{{cite web |title=NCAA approves rule allowing prospects to take an unlimited number of official recruiting visits |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/ncaa-approves-rule-allowing-prospects-to-take-an-unlimited-number-of-official-recruiting-visits/ |website=CBS Sports |date=2023-04-14 |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617194719/https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/ncaa-approves-rule-allowing-prospects-to-take-an-unlimited-number-of-official-recruiting-visits/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>


希望加入NCAA第一级别或第二级别学校的高中生可以选择签署全国意向书(National Letter of Intent)。全国意向书是一项囊括600多所高校的约束性协议。签约的高校要向招募的新生提供一学年的奖学金,而入学新生必须为该高校效力至少一学年。新生一旦签约后,其他高校将不得再联系该新生。每年有近5万名高中生会选择签署全国意向书。<ref>{{cite web |title=National Letter of Intent and National Signing Day |url=https://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting/managing-recruiting-process/national-signing-day |website=NCSA College Recruiting}}</ref>
希望加入NCAA第一级别或第二级别学校的高中生可以选择签署全国意向书(National Letter of Intent)。全国意向书是一项囊括600多所高校的约束性协议。签约的高校要向招募的新生提供一学年的奖学金,而入学新生必须为该高校效力至少一学年。新生一旦签约后,其他高校将不得再联系该新生。每年有近5万名高中生会选择签署全国意向书。<ref>{{cite web |title=National Letter of Intent and National Signing Day |url=https://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting/managing-recruiting-process/national-signing-day |website=NCSA College Recruiting |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622194200/https://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting/managing-recruiting-process/national-signing-day |dead-url=no }}</ref>
==评级==
==评级==
针对篮球和美式橄榄球项目,主要有[[247Sports.com]]、[[Rivals.com]]和[[ESPN]]三家机构对高中运动员进行评级<ref>{{cite web |title=An Inside Look at the Complex World of College Football Recruiting Rankings |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2117325-an-inside-look-at-the-complex-world-of-college-football-recruiting-rankings |website=bleacherreport|date=2014-07-02}}</ref>。原先还有一家[[Scout.com]],它破产后于2017年由[[CBS_(電視網)|CBS]]收购并入247Sports<ref>{{cite web |title=CBS Buys Bankrupt Sports Video Site Scout Media for $9.5 Million |url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/cbs-bankrupt-scout-media-acquisition-1201975820/?sub_action=logged_in |website=Variety|date=2017-02-01}}</ref>。因为各机构的评级标准不同,同一名运动员在不同机构上的星级可能会不一样。
针对篮球和美式橄榄球项目,主要有[[247Sports.com]]、[[Rivals.com]]和[[ESPN]]三家机构对高中运动员进行评级<ref>{{cite web |title=An Inside Look at the Complex World of College Football Recruiting Rankings |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2117325-an-inside-look-at-the-complex-world-of-college-football-recruiting-rankings |website=bleacherreport |date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621202551/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2117325-an-inside-look-at-the-complex-world-of-college-football-recruiting-rankings |dead-url=no }}</ref>。原先还有一家[[Scout.com]],它破产后于2017年由[[CBS_(電視網)|CBS]]收购并入247Sports<ref>{{cite web |title=CBS Buys Bankrupt Sports Video Site Scout Media for $9.5 Million |url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/cbs-bankrupt-scout-media-acquisition-1201975820/?sub_action=logged_in |website=Variety |date=2017-02-01 |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621050916/https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/cbs-bankrupt-scout-media-acquisition-1201975820/?sub_action=logged_in |dead-url=no }}</ref>。因为各机构的评级标准不同,同一名运动员在不同机构上的星级可能会不一样。


在评级时,247Sports和Rivals先对运动员标记星级,再给出具体的细分评分;ESPN则先给出评分,再将评分对应到星级区间。星级包括5星、4星、3星、2星和无评级,其中5星为最好,被视作日后有[[NFL]]或[[NBA]]一轮秀的潜力<ref>{{cite web |title=Star search — who determines star rankings and what do they really mean? |url=https://www.deseret.com/2022/3/16/22973363/college-football-recruiting-who-determines-star-rankings-and-what-do-they-mean-rivals-247sports-ncaa |website=Deseret News}}</ref>。247Sports的细分评分为100分制,个别特别突出的会被打到101-110分;Rivals的细分评分为6.1分制;ESPN的评分为100分制。
在评级时,247Sports和Rivals先对运动员标记星级,再给出具体的细分评分;ESPN则先给出评分,再将评分对应到星级区间。星级包括5星、4星、3星、2星和无评级,其中5星为最好,被视作日后有[[NFL]]或[[NBA]]一轮秀的潜力<ref>{{cite web |title=Star search — who determines star rankings and what do they really mean? |url=https://www.deseret.com/2022/3/16/22973363/college-football-recruiting-who-determines-star-rankings-and-what-do-they-mean-rivals-247sports-ncaa |website=Deseret News |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621014144/https://www.deseret.com/2022/3/16/22973363/college-football-recruiting-who-determines-star-rankings-and-what-do-they-mean-rivals-247sports-ncaa |dead-url=no }}</ref>。247Sports的细分评分为100分制,个别特别突出的会被打到101-110分;Rivals的细分评分为6.1分制;ESPN的评分为100分制。
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 各机构星级和对应评分区间
|+ 各机构星级和对应评分区间
第42行: 第42行:
| 60-69
| 60-69
|}
|}
以2019级为例,篮球方面,247Sports选出了24名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Top Basketball Recruits |url=https://247sports.com/Season/2019-Basketball/RecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=HighSchool |website=247sports}}</ref>,Rivals选出了32名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 college basketball prospect recruit rankings - Rivals150 |url=https://n.rivals.com/prospect_rankings/rivals150/2019?position=ALL%20POSITIONS |website=rivals.com}}</ref>,ESPN则选出了26名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=ESPN Basketball Recruiting - Player Rankings |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/basketball/recruiting/playerrankings/_/class/2019/order/true |website=ESPN}}</ref>;而在美式橄榄球方面,247Sports选出了32名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Top Football Recruits |url=https://247sports.com/Season/2019-Football/RecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=HighSchool |website=247sports}}</ref>,Rivals选出了30名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 college prospect recruit rankings - Rivals250 |url=https://n.rivals.com/prospect_rankings/rivals250/2019?position=ALL%20POSITIONS |website=rivals.com}}</ref>,ESPN则选出了14名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=ESPN Football Recruiting - Player Rankings|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/football/recruiting/playerrankings/_/view/rn300/sort/rank/class/2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref>。
以2019级为例,篮球方面,247Sports选出了24名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Top Basketball Recruits |url=https://247sports.com/Season/2019-Basketball/RecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=HighSchool |website=247sports |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2020-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119032155/https://247sports.com/Season/2019-Basketball/RecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=highschool |dead-url=no }}</ref>,Rivals选出了32名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 college basketball prospect recruit rankings - Rivals150 |url=https://n.rivals.com/prospect_rankings/rivals150/2019?position=ALL%20POSITIONS |website=rivals.com |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629151454/https://n.rivals.com/prospect_rankings/rivals150/2019?position=ALL%20POSITIONS |dead-url=no }}</ref>,ESPN则选出了26名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=ESPN Basketball Recruiting - Player Rankings |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/basketball/recruiting/playerrankings/_/class/2019/order/true |website=ESPN |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805142206/https://www.espn.com/college-sports/basketball/recruiting/playerrankings/_/class/2019/order/true |dead-url=no }}</ref>;而在美式橄榄球方面,247Sports选出了32名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Top Football Recruits |url=https://247sports.com/Season/2019-Football/RecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=HighSchool |website=247sports |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2020-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111234501/https://247sports.com/Season/2019-Football/RecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=highschool |dead-url=no }}</ref>,Rivals选出了30名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 college prospect recruit rankings - Rivals250 |url=https://n.rivals.com/prospect_rankings/rivals250/2019?position=ALL%20POSITIONS |website=rivals.com |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210621/https://n.rivals.com/prospect_rankings/rivals250/2019?position=ALL%20POSITIONS |dead-url=no }}</ref>,ESPN则选出了14名5星高中生<ref>{{cite web|title=ESPN Football Recruiting - Player Rankings|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/football/recruiting/playerrankings/_/view/rn300/sort/rank/class/2019|website=ESPN|access-date=2023-06-22|archive-date=2023-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622222625/https://www.espn.com/college-sports/football/recruiting/playerrankings/_/view/rn300/sort/rank/class/2019|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


这类评级系统只覆盖约百分之一的高中运动员,其他绝大多数人都是没有评级的<ref>{{cite web |title=How rare it is to be a 5-star (or even a 2-, 3-, or 4-star) college football recruit |url=https://www.sbnation.com/college-football-recruiting/2019/1/30/18202661/recruiting-stars-rankings-high-school-football |website=sbnation}}</ref>。
这类评级系统只覆盖约百分之一的高中运动员,其他绝大多数人都是没有评级的<ref>{{cite web |title=How rare it is to be a 5-star (or even a 2-, 3-, or 4-star) college football recruit |url=https://www.sbnation.com/college-football-recruiting/2019/1/30/18202661/recruiting-stars-rankings-high-school-football |website=sbnation |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620211810/https://www.sbnation.com/college-football-recruiting/2019/1/30/18202661/recruiting-stars-rankings-high-school-football |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


==参考==
==参考==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:美國大學體育]]
[[Category:美國大學體育]]
[[Category:體育選秀]]
[[Category:招聘]]

2023年8月11日 (五) 20:45的最新版本

美国大学体育校队会向高中运动员进行招募NCAA等组织对招募流程有着严格的规定,正式招募始于高中十一年级(美国高中倒数第二学年)前的夏天。各体育机构会给运动员打出星级评分,星级越高,运动员的受期待度越高。

流程

[编辑]

美国有多个大学体育管理机构,制定各自的招募规则,其中规模最大、最主流的为NCAA。NCAA下属的各个级别和各项运动的招募流程不尽相同,其第一级别和第二级别的招募流程大多分为4个阶段:[1]

  • 评估阶段:大学教练可以前往高中或者训练营观看比赛,可以与高中教练和老师交谈,但不允许与运动员及其家长直接面谈。
  • 接触阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长可以进行无限制接触,包括到高中面谈和上门拜访。
  • 禁止阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长不允许进行任何形式的面谈。
  • 静默阶段:大学教练与运动员及其家长仅可以在大学进行面谈。

这四个阶段限制大学教练面谈的场合和交谈对象,但不限制电子邮件、电话、短信、视频通话等形式的沟通。[2] 招募流程在十年级末、十一年级(美国的高三,即高中倒数第二学年)前的夏天开始。[3]

希望加入NCAA第一级别或第二级别学校的高中生可以选择签署全国意向书(National Letter of Intent)。全国意向书是一项囊括600多所高校的约束性协议。签约的高校要向招募的新生提供一学年的奖学金,而入学新生必须为该高校效力至少一学年。新生一旦签约后,其他高校将不得再联系该新生。每年有近5万名高中生会选择签署全国意向书。[4]

评级

[编辑]

针对篮球和美式橄榄球项目,主要有247Sports.comRivals.comESPN三家机构对高中运动员进行评级[5]。原先还有一家Scout.com,它破产后于2017年由CBS收购并入247Sports[6]。因为各机构的评级标准不同,同一名运动员在不同机构上的星级可能会不一样。

在评级时,247Sports和Rivals先对运动员标记星级,再给出具体的细分评分;ESPN则先给出评分,再将评分对应到星级区间。星级包括5星、4星、3星、2星和无评级,其中5星为最好,被视作日后有NFLNBA一轮秀的潜力[7]。247Sports的细分评分为100分制,个别特别突出的会被打到101-110分;Rivals的细分评分为6.1分制;ESPN的评分为100分制。

各机构星级和对应评分区间
星级 247Sports.com Rivals.com ESPN
98-100(至多110) 6.1 90-100
90-97 5.8-6.0 80-89
80-89 5.5-5.7 70-79
70-79 5.2-5.4 60-69

以2019级为例,篮球方面,247Sports选出了24名5星高中生[8],Rivals选出了32名5星高中生[9],ESPN则选出了26名5星高中生[10];而在美式橄榄球方面,247Sports选出了32名5星高中生[11],Rivals选出了30名5星高中生[12],ESPN则选出了14名5星高中生[13]

这类评级系统只覆盖约百分之一的高中运动员,其他绝大多数人都是没有评级的[14]

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ Recruiting. NCAA.org. [2023-06-17]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-11). 
  2. ^ 2022-23 NCAA Recruiting Calendar and Recruiting Guide. NCSA College Recruiting. [2023-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-17). 
  3. ^ NCAA approves rule allowing prospects to take an unlimited number of official recruiting visits. CBS Sports. 2023-04-14 [2023-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-17). 
  4. ^ National Letter of Intent and National Signing Day. NCSA College Recruiting. [2023-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-22). 
  5. ^ An Inside Look at the Complex World of College Football Recruiting Rankings. bleacherreport. 2014-07-02 [2023-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-21). 
  6. ^ CBS Buys Bankrupt Sports Video Site Scout Media for $9.5 Million. Variety. 2017-02-01 [2023-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-21). 
  7. ^ Star search — who determines star rankings and what do they really mean?. Deseret News. [2023-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-21). 
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