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{{Expand language|1=en|status=yes|time=2021-10-20T14:55:39+00:00}}
-{H|zh-hans:螨; zh-hant:蟎;}-
-{H|zh-hans:螨; zh-hant:蟎;}-
{{Taxobox
[[Image:Yellow mite (Tydeidae) Lorryia formosa 2 edit.jpg|thumb|250px|right|顯微鏡的蟎]]
|fossil_range = {{le|早泥盆世|Early Devonian}} – 現代,{{fossil range|410|0}}
'''蟎'''(mite, 音-{zh-hans:mán;zh-hk:mán;zh-tw:ㄇㄢˊ}-)是一種8足生物,是蜘蛛的近親。螨的體形極小,必須借助[[顯微鏡]]觀察,沒有肛門,因此不會排洩。
| name = 蟎
| image = Trombidium holosericeum (aka).jpg
| image_alt = Trombidium holosericeum mite
| image_caption = ''{{le|Trombidium holosericeum}}''(屬[[蟎形總目]])
| image2 = Varroa destructor, 1 2019-09-06-19.12.07 ZS PMax UDR (48697155713).jpg
| image2_caption = [[蜂蟹蟎]](''Varroa destructor'',屬[[寄蟎總目]])
| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia
| phylum = [[節肢動物門]] Arthropoda
| subphylum = [[螯肢亞門]] Chelicerata
| classis = [[蛛形綱]] Arachnida
| subdivision_ranks = 類群
| subdivision =
* [[蟎形總目]] Acariformes
* [[寄蟎總目]] Parasitiformes
}}
[[Image:Yellow mite (Tydeidae) Lorryia formosa 2 edit.jpg|thumb|right|透過[[電子顯微鏡]]拍攝[[黃]](''Lorryia formosa'')[[假色]]影像]]
'''蟎'''({{lang-en|mite}}, 音-{zh-hans:mǎn;zh-hk:mǎn;zh-tw:ㄇㄢˊ,大陸音:mǎn}-),又名'''蟎蟲''',是一類八足的[[節肢動物]],為[[蛛形綱]][[蟎形總目]]及[[寄蟎總目]]物種的泛稱。現時蟎類在[[支序分類學]]中不是一個嚴謹的[[分類單元]],蟎類在歷史上被歸於[[蜱蟎亞綱]]。然而,近期的[[系統發育]]研究顯示蟎形總目和寄蟎總目彼此在[[演化]]上的親緣關係和其他蛛形綱動物相比並不十分緊密,因此蜱蟎亞綱並非[[單系群]]。


大多數蟎的體型都非常微小,體長不到1毫米,必須借助[[顯微鏡]]觀察。大多具有簡單、不分段的身體結構。
蟎又可分為[[塵蟎]](dust mite)與農業蟎,其中農業蟎又有[[葉蟎]](spider mite)、[[擬葉蟎]](false spider mite)、[[銹蟎]](Rust mite)及[[粉蟎]](acarid mite)等。塵蟎靠人類的皮屑為食物即可生存,例如:[[毛囊螨]]。另外,亦有一種[[乾酪蟎]],以[[乾酪]]為食。


蟎的種類繁多且廣泛存在於各個環境中,但由於體型細小而經常被忽略。許多蟎為土棲的[[分解者]],也有許多物種生活在[[植物]]上,其中有些種類為重要農業害蟲,例如[[葉蟎]]({{lang|en|spider mite}})、[[擬葉蟎]]({{lang|en|false spider mite}})及[[銹蟎]]({{lang|en|rust mite}})等,而[[瘿螨]]({{lang|en|gall mite}})等還會產生[[蟲癭]],但也有些植物上的蟎蟲為[[捕食者]],可做為防治農業害蟲的[[天敵]],例如[[植綏蟎科|捕植蟎]]等。有些物種則生活在水中。還有一些蟎蟲營[[寄生]]生活,例如[[瓦蟎屬|蜂蟹蟎]]作為一種重要的[[蜜蜂]]寄生蟲經常為[[蜜蜂養殖|養蜂業]]帶來巨大的損失,[[塵蟎]]和[[蠕形蟎]]等則以人畜皮屑和毛髮為食。大多數蟎類對人類無害,但少數物種為[[過敏原]](如塵蟎、[[起司蟎]]等),並可能引發某些[[皮膚病]](如{{tsl|en|Sarcoptes scabiei|疥蟎}}、蠕形蟎等)。
== 外部連結 ==


專門研究蟎蟲的科學稱為{{le|蟎蜱學|Acarology}}。
* [http://bitingmites.org Bitingmites.org: What's biting you?]
* [http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef637.asp PARASITIC MITES OF HUMANS University of Kentucky]
* [http://www.cirrusimage.com/Arachnid_velvet_mite.htm Red velvet mite – ''Trombidium sp''. diagnostic photographs]
* [http://www.cirrusimage.com/bees_honey.htm Worldwide honey bee decline due to mite infestations – article, photographs]
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-1504:1 ''Control of the citrus rust mite''] hosted by the [http://digital.library.unt.edu/browse/department/govdocs/ UNT Government Documents Department]
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_05.htm Mites and Ticks] chapter in [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] and [[University of Florida]]/[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] National Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/woodypest/mites.htm mites of southeastern U.S. woody ornamentals] on the UF/IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/mites/Brevipalpus_californicus.htm ''Brevipalpus californicus'', a false spider mite]
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/mites/Brevipalpus_phoenicis.htm ''Brevipalpus phoenicis'', red and black flat mite]
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/palms/red_palm_mite.htm ''Raoiella indica'', red palm mite]
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/flowers/Tenuipalpus_pacificus.htm ''Tenuipalpus pacificus'', phalaenopsis mite]
{{Microbiology-stub}}
[[Category:蜱蟎亞綱]]


== 引發疾病 ==
[[en:Mite]]

[[fa:هیره]]
# 毛囊蠕形蟲症
[[he:קרדית אבק הבית]]
# 眼瞼緣炎<ref>{{Cite web|last=tpwebadmin|date=2022-03-04|title=蟎蟲導致眼瞼緣炎 台北慈濟醫院告訴你怎麼醫|url=https://taipei.tzuchi.com.tw/蟎蟲導致眼瞼緣炎-台北慈濟醫院告訴你怎麼醫/|access-date=2023-08-17|website=台北慈濟醫院|language=zh-TW}}</ref>
[[nl:Mijten]]

[[tr:Mite]]
== 外部連結 ==
* [https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/variants/rbt/word_attribute.rbt?quote_code=QzEyNDQ3 教育部異體字字典「蟎」]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080109125350/http://bitingmites.org/ Bitingmites.org: What's biting you?]
* [http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef637.asp PARASITIC MITES OF HUMANS University of Kentucky] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef637.asp |date=20090108202742 }}
* [http://www.cirrusimage.com/Arachnid_velvet_mite.htm Red velvet mite – ''Trombidium sp''. diagnostic photographs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cirrusimage.com/Arachnid_velvet_mite.htm |date=20210301200133 }}
* [http://www.cirrusimage.com/bees_honey.htm Worldwide honey bee decline due to mite infestations – article, photographs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cirrusimage.com/bees_honey.htm |date=20210224223554 }}
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-1504:1 ''Control of the citrus rust mite''] {{Wayback|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-1504:1 |date=20090221023021 }} hosted by the [http://digital.library.unt.edu/browse/department/govdocs/ UNT Government Documents Department] {{Wayback|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/browse/department/govdocs/ |date=20080521025236 }}
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_05.htm Mites and Ticks] {{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_05.htm |date=20191223183157 }} chapter in [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] and [[University of Florida]]/[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]] National Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090310003601/http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/woodypest/mites.htm mites of southeastern U.S. woody ornamentals] on the UF/IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/mites/Brevipalpus_californicus.htm ''Brevipalpus californicus'', a false spider mite] {{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/mites/Brevipalpus_californicus.htm |date=20191112113823 }}
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/mites/Brevipalpus_phoenicis.htm ''Brevipalpus phoenicis'', red and black flat mite] {{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/mites/Brevipalpus_phoenicis.htm |date=20191112134700 }}
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/palms/red_palm_mite.htm ''Raoiella indica'', red palm mite] {{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/palms/red_palm_mite.htm |date=20191112153218 }}
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/flowers/Tenuipalpus_pacificus.htm ''Tenuipalpus pacificus'', phalaenopsis mite] {{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/flowers/Tenuipalpus_pacificus.htm |date=20191112121508 }}
[[Category:蜱蟎亞綱]]
[[Category:並系群]]
[[Category:害蟲]]
[[Category:动物俗名]]

2023年8月17日 (四) 12:34的最新版本


化石時期: 早泥盆世英语Early Devonian – 現代,410–0 Ma
Trombidium holosericeum(英语:Trombidium holosericeum)(屬蟎形總目)
蜂蟹蟎(Varroa destructor,屬寄蟎總目)
蜂蟹蟎Varroa destructor,屬寄蟎總目
科學分類
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 節肢動物門 Arthropoda
亞門: 螯肢亞門 Chelicerata
綱: 蛛形綱 Arachnida
類群
透過電子顯微鏡拍攝的黃蟎Lorryia formosa假色影像

(英語:mite, 音mǎn),又名蟎蟲,是一類八足的節肢動物,為蛛形綱蟎形總目寄蟎總目物種的泛稱。現時蟎類在支序分類學中不是一個嚴謹的分類單元,蟎類在歷史上被歸於蜱蟎亞綱。然而,近期的系統發育研究顯示蟎形總目和寄蟎總目彼此在演化上的親緣關係和其他蛛形綱動物相比並不十分緊密,因此蜱蟎亞綱並非單系群

大多數蟎的體型都非常微小,體長不到1毫米,必須借助顯微鏡觀察。大多具有簡單、不分段的身體結構。

蟎的種類繁多且廣泛存在於各個環境中,但由於體型細小而經常被忽略。許多蟎為土棲的分解者,也有許多物種生活在植物上,其中有些種類為重要農業害蟲,例如葉蟎spider mite)、擬葉蟎false spider mite)及銹蟎rust mite)等,而瘿螨gall mite)等還會產生蟲癭,但也有些植物上的蟎蟲為捕食者,可做為防治農業害蟲的天敵,例如捕植蟎等。有些物種則生活在水中。還有一些蟎蟲營寄生生活,例如蜂蟹蟎作為一種重要的蜜蜂寄生蟲經常為養蜂業帶來巨大的損失,塵蟎蠕形蟎等則以人畜皮屑和毛髮為食。大多數蟎類對人類無害,但少數物種為過敏原(如塵蟎、起司蟎等),並可能引發某些皮膚病(如疥蟎英语Sarcoptes scabiei、蠕形蟎等)。

專門研究蟎蟲的科學稱為蟎蜱學英语Acarology

引發疾病

[编辑]
  1. 毛囊蠕形蟲症
  2. 眼瞼緣炎[1]

外部連結

[编辑]
  1. ^ tpwebadmin. 蟎蟲導致眼瞼緣炎 台北慈濟醫院告訴你怎麼醫. 台北慈濟醫院. 2022-03-04 [2023-08-17] (中文(臺灣)).