跳转到内容

齿雁类：修订间差异

维基百科，自由的百科全书
以互动方式浏览历史
←上一版本
删除的内容 添加的内容
可视化wikitext
无编辑摘要
 
（未显示4个用户的15个中间版本）
第4行： 第4行：
| taxon = Odontoanserae
| taxon = Odontoanserae
| authority = Bourdon, 2005
| authority = Bourdon, 2005
| subdivision = * †[[齒翼鳥形目]]
| subdivision = * †[[齿翼鸟目]]
* '''雁形類'''<br><small>[[Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds|Sibley & Ahlquist]], 1988</small>
* '''雁形類'''<br><small>[[Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds|Sibley & Ahlquist]], 1988</small>
** †[[冠恐鳥形目]]
** †[[加斯顿鸟形目]]
** †[[維加鳥目]]?
** †[[維加鳥目]]?
** '''广義雁形目'''<ref name="tambussial2019">{{Cite journal|author1=Claudia P. Tambussi |author2=Federico J. Degrange |author3=Ricardo S. De Mendoza |author4=Emilia Sferco |author5=Sergrio Santillana |year=2019 |title=A stem anseriform from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica provides new key evidence in the early evolution of waterfowl |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=186 |issue=3 |pages= 673–700 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zly085 }}</ref>
** '''广義雁形目'''<ref name="tambussial2019">{{Cite journal|author1=Claudia P. Tambussi |author2=Federico J. Degrange |author3=Ricardo S. De Mendoza |author4=Emilia Sferco |author5=Sergrio Santillana |year=2019 |title=A stem anseriform from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica provides new key evidence in the early evolution of waterfowl |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=186 |issue=3 |pages= 673–700 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zly085 }}</ref>
*** †[[門鳥屬]]
*** †[[衝突鳥屬]]
*** †[[鴨翼鳥|鴨翼鳥屬]]
*** †[[鴨翼鳥|鴨翼鳥屬]]
*** †[[普瑞斯比鳥科]]
*** †[[普瑞斯比鳥科]]
第15行： 第15行：
| fossil_range = <br>晚[[白垩纪]]-[[人类世]], {{fossilrange|66.7|0}}
| fossil_range = <br>晚[[白垩纪]]-[[人类世]], {{fossilrange|66.7|0}}
| image2_caption = [[遠洋鳥屬|毛利塔尼亚远洋鸟]]的头骨化石(上)与[[普通秋沙鸭]]的头部照片，两者有所相似
| image2_caption = [[遠洋鳥屬|毛利塔尼亚远洋鸟]]的头骨化石(上)与[[普通秋沙鸭]]的头部照片，两者有所相似
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision_ranks = 亚群
}}
}}


The '''Odontoanserae''' is a proposed [[clade]] that includes the family [[Pelagornithidae]] (pseudo-toothed birds) and the clade '''Anserimorphae''' (the order [[Anseriformes]] and their stem-relatives).<ref name="bourdon2005">{{cite journal |last1=Bourdon |first1=E. |year=2005 |title=Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=586–91 |bibcode=2005NW.....92..586B |doi=10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0 |pmid=16240103 |s2cid=9453177}}</ref> The placement of the pseudo-toothed birds in the evolutionary tree of birds has been problematic, with some supporting the placement of them near the orders [[Procellariformes]] and [[Pelecaniformes]] based on features in the sternum.<ref name="mayretal2008">{{cite journal |last1=Mayr |first1=G. |last2=Hazevoet |first2=C.J. |last3=Dantas |first3=P. |last4=Cachão |first4=M. |year=2008 |title=A Sternum of a Very Large Bony-Toothed Bird (Pelagornithidae) from the Miocene of Portugal |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=762–769 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[762:asoavl]2.0.co;2}}</ref>
'''齿雁类'''（学名：Odontoanserae）是一个包涵了[[齿翼鸟目]]与雁形类（[[雁形目]]及其近亲）的分类单元。<ref name="bourdon20052">{{cite journal |last1=Bourdon |first1=E. |year=2005 |title=Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=586–91 |bibcode=2005NW.....92..586B |doi=10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0 |pmid=16240103 |s2cid=9453177}}</ref>齿翼鸟类的演化地位一直存在争议，除此观点外，也有人凭借其胸骨形态的特点将其视为[[鹱形目]]或[[鹈形目]]的近亲。<ref name="mayretal20082">{{cite journal |last1=Mayr |first1=G. |last2=Hazevoet |first2=C.J. |last3=Dantas |first3=P. |last4=Cachão |first4=M. |year=2008 |title=A Sternum of a Very Large Bony-Toothed Bird (Pelagornithidae) from the Miocene of Portugal |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=762–769 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[762:asoavl]2.0.co;2}}</ref>


In 2005 a cladistic analysis had found support in placing pseudo-toothed birds as the sister group to waterfowl.<ref name="bourdon2005" /> Evidence for this comes from shared characteristics in the skull such as lack of a crest on the underside of the [[palatine]] bone and two [[condyle]]s on the [[mandibular process]] of the quadrate bone, with the middle condyle beakwards of the side condyle.<ref name="bourdon2005" /> In addition to that, both groups have similar features in their pelvic and pectoral regions. Furthermore, a 2013 study on the growth pattern and structure of the pseudoteeth in ''[[Pelagornis]] mauretanicus'' shows more support of Odontoanserae as both groups have "soft rhamphotheca, or delayed hardening of the rhamphotheca."<ref name="Louchartetal2013">{{cite journal |last1=Louchart |first1=A. |last2=Sire |first2=J.-Y. |last3=Mourer-Chauviré |first3=C. |last4=Geraads |first4=D. |last5=Viriot |first5=L. |last6=de Buffrénil |first6=V. |year=2013 |title=Structure and Growth Pattern of Pseudoteeth in Pelagornis mauretanicus (Aves, Odontopterygiformes, Pelagornithidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=e80372 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...880372L |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0080372 |pmc=3828250 |pmid=24244680 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In addition to Pelagornithidae and Anseriformes paleontologists also have support in placing mihirungs ([[Dromornithidae]]) and [[Gastornithidae|Gastornithids]] into this group, as they too also share anatomical features in the skull and pelvic bones with waterfowl.<ref name="andors1992">{{cite journal |last1=Andors |first1=A. |year=1992 |title=Reappraisal of the Eocene groundbird ''Diatryma'' (Aves: Anserimorphae) |journal=Science Series Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County |volume=36 |pages=109–125}}</ref><ref name="murrayvickers2004">{{cite book|last1=Murrary|first1=P.F|last2=Vickers-Rich|first2=P.|year=2004|title=Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref><ref name="agnolín2007">{{cite journal |last1=Agnolín |first1=F. |year=2007 |title=''Brontornis burmeisteri'' Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina. |journal=Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales |volume=9 |pages=15–25 |doi=10.22179/revmacn.9.361 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The mihirungs and the gastornithids are more derived than the pseudo-tooth birds and are closer to Anseriformes. One hypothesis is that diatrymas and mihirungs are successive sister groups to anseriforms and another hypothesis places mihirungs as crown anseriforms closely related to the screamers ([[Anhimidae]]).<ref name="murrayvickers2004" />
2005年的研究表明，因为相同的颅骨特征，齿翼鸟类应当作为雁形类的姊妹群。<ref name="bourdon2005">{{cite journal |last1=Bourdon |first1=E. |year=2005 |title=Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=586–91 |bibcode=2005NW.....92..586B |doi=10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0 |pmid=16240103 |s2cid=9453177}}</ref>除此之外，两者在骨盆和胸骨也存在着很多相似特征。此外，2013年对[[遠洋鳥屬|远洋鸟]]伪齿的研究表明，两者都有“软质嘴鞘，或嘴鞘延迟发育”的现象发生，进一步支持了齿雁类的单系性。<ref name="Louchartetal2013">{{cite journal |last1=Louchart |first1=A. |last2=Sire |first2=J.-Y. |last3=Mourer-Chauviré |first3=C. |last4=Geraads |first4=D. |last5=Viriot |first5=L. |last6=de Buffrénil |first6=V. |year=2013 |title=Structure and Growth Pattern of Pseudoteeth in Pelagornis mauretanicus (Aves, Odontopterygiformes, Pelagornithidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=e80372 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...880372L |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0080372 |pmc=3828250 |pmid=24244680 |doi-access=free}}</ref>除了[[齿翼鸟目]]和[[雁形目]]之外，学者也支持将[[驰鸟科]]和[[加斯顿鸟科]]放入这一分类单元，这两类鸟与雁形目有着相似的头骨和骨盆的解剖学特征。<ref name="andors1992">{{cite journal |last1=Andors |first1=A. |year=1992 |title=Reappraisal of the Eocene groundbird ''Diatryma'' (Aves: Anserimorphae) |journal=Science Series Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County |volume=36 |pages=109–125}}</ref><ref name="murrayvickers2004">{{cite book|last1=Murrary|first1=P.F|last2=Vickers-Rich|first2=P.|year=2004|title=Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref><ref name="agnolín2007">{{cite journal |last1=Agnolín |first1=F. |year=2007 |title=''Brontornis burmeisteri'' Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina. |journal=Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales |volume=9 |pages=15–25 |doi=10.22179/revmacn.9.361 |doi-access=free}}</ref>驰鸟与加斯顿鸟相较于齿翼鸟类更接近于雁形目。一种观点认为加斯顿鸟与驰鸟组成单系群，作为雁形目的姊妹群，另一种说法则认为驰鸟与雁形目中的[[叫鸭科]]关系更近。<ref name="murrayvickers2004" />


Below is the general consensus of the phylogeny.<ref name=murrayvickers2004/><ref name=bourdon2005/><ref name=agnolín2007/><ref name="livezeyzusi2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Livezey | first1 = B.C. | last2 = Zusi | first2 = R.L. | year = 2007 | title = Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion | journal = The Science of Nature | volume = 149 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–95 | doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x | pmc=2517308 | pmid=18784798}}</ref><ref name="agnolínetal2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Agnolín | first1 = F.L. | last2 = Egli | first2 = F.B. | last3 = Chatterjee | first3 = S. | last4 = Marsà | first4 = J.A.G | year = 2017 | title = Vegaviidae, a new clade of southern diving birds that survived the K/T boundary | journal = The Science of Nature | volume = 104 | issue = 87 | pages = 87| doi=10.1007/s00114-017-1508-y| pmid = 28988276 | bibcode = 2017SciNa.104...87A | s2cid = 13246547 }}</ref>
下列为齿雁类系统发育的通常共识。<ref name=murrayvickers2004/><ref name=bourdon2005/><ref name=agnolín2007/><ref name="livezeyzusi2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Livezey | first1 = B.C. | last2 = Zusi | first2 = R.L. | year = 2007 | title = Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion | journal = The Science of Nature | volume = 149 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–95 | doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x | pmc=2517308 | pmid=18784798}}</ref><ref name="agnolínetal2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Agnolín | first1 = F.L. | last2 = Egli | first2 = F.B. | last3 = Chatterjee | first3 = S. | last4 = Marsà | first4 = J.A.G | year = 2017 | title = Vegaviidae, a new clade of southern diving birds that survived the K/T boundary | journal = The Science of Nature | volume = 104 | issue = 87 | pages = 87| doi=10.1007/s00114-017-1508-y| pmid = 28988276 | bibcode = 2017SciNa.104...87A | s2cid = 13246547 }}</ref>
{{clade|{{Clade
{{clade|{{Clade
|1=†[[Pelagornithidae]] (pseudo-tooth birds) [[File:Pelagornis chilensis EF.jpg|70 px]]
|1=†[[远洋鸟科]] (远洋鸟等) [[File:Pelagornis chilensis EF.jpg|70 px]]
|label2='''Anserimorphae'''
|label2='''雁形类'''
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†[[Gastornithidae]] [[File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px]]
|1=†[[加斯顿鸟科]] [[File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†[[Dromornithidae]] (mihirungs) [[File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px]]
|1=†[[驰鸟科]] (驰鸟等) [[File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†[[Vegaviidae]] [[File:Vegavis restoration.jpg|70 px]]
|1=†[[维加鸟科]] [[File:Vegavis restoration.jpg|70 px]]
|2=[[雁形目]] (雁，鸭等) [[File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px]] [[File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px]][[File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px]]}}}}}}}}|style=font-size:107%|label1='''齿雁类'''}}
|2=[[Anseriformes]] (screamers and waterfowl) [[File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px]] [[File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px]][[File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px]]}}}}}}}}|style=font-size:107%|label1='''Odontoanserae'''}}However, a 2017 paper by Worthy and colleagues found an alternative phylogeny concerning Anserimorphae.<ref name="worthyetal2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Worthy | first1 = T.H. | last2 = Degrange | first2 = F.J. | last3 = Handley | first3 = W.D. | last4 = Lee | first4 = M.S.Y. | year = 2017 | title = The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres) | journal = Royal Society Open Science | volume = 11 | issue = 10| pages = 170975| doi = 10.1098/rsos.170975 | pmid = 29134094 | pmc = 5666277 | bibcode = 2017RSOS....470975W }}</ref> By adding additional new characters, as well as incorporating several new taxa into established matrices, the authors have found gastornithids and mihirungs to be sister taxa which could be placed in the order [[Gastornithiformes]].<ref name=worthyetal2017/> In addition, they have found support that the family [[Vegaviidae]] (usually classified as crown anseriforms or their sister taxon<ref name=agnolínetal2017/>) are more related to gastornithiforms than to anseriforms; accordingly, they have created the monotypic order [[Vegaviiformes]].<ref name=worthyetal2017/> The authors did note the bootstrap support is weakly supported and several alternative phylogenies in their paper found gastornithiforms to be [[Pangalliformes|stem galliform]]s instead.<ref name=worthyetal2017/> These too were weakly supported as well.<ref name=worthyetal2017/> Below is a simplified phylogeny showing their one phylogeny supporting gastornithiforms as anserimorphs.<ref name=worthyetal2017/>
然而，沃西(Worthy)和他的同事在2017年的一篇论文中发现了一种关于雁形类的另类系统关系。<ref name="worthyetal20172">{{cite journal |last1=Worthy |first1=T.H. |last2=Degrange |first2=F.J. |last3=Handley |first3=W.D. |last4=Lee |first4=M.S.Y. |year=2017 |title=The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres) |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=170975 |bibcode=2017RSOS....470975W |doi=10.1098/rsos.170975 |pmc=5666277 |pmid=29134094}}</ref>通过添加新的特征，以及将几个新的分类群合并到已建立的矩阵中，作者发现加斯顿鸟类和驰鸟类应当作为姊妹群，可以一同放在[[加斯顿鸟科|加斯顿鸟形目]]中。<ref name="worthyetal2017">{{cite journal |last1=Worthy |first1=T.H. |last2=Degrange |first2=F.J. |last3=Handley |first3=W.D. |last4=Lee |first4=M.S.Y. |year=2017 |title=The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres) |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=170975 |bibcode=2017RSOS....470975W |doi=10.1098/rsos.170975 |pmc=5666277 |pmid=29134094}}</ref>此外，他们还发现了一种支持，即维加鸟科（通常被归类为基干雁形目或作为其姊妹分类单元<ref name=agnolínetal2017/>）与加斯顿鸟目的关系比与雁形目的关系更密切；因此，他们创造了单系群[[維加鳥科|维加鸟目]]。<ref name=worthyetal2017/> 作者们确实注意到，引导支持的是弱支持，他们的论文中的几个替代用的系统发育也表明加斯顿鸟类也有可能是基干[[鸡形目]]，这些也得到了微弱的支持。<ref name=worthyetal2017/>

下面是一个简化的系统发育图，显示了他们支持冠恐鸟形目与维加鸟目结合组成雁形目的姊妹群。<ref name="worthyetal2017" />

{{clade|{{Clade
{{clade|{{Clade
|1=[[Anseriformes]] (screamers and waterfowl) [[File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px]] [[File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px]][[File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px]]
|1=[[雁形目]] (雁，鸭等) [[File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px]] [[File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px]][[File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†[[Vegaviiformes]] [[File:Vegavis restoration.jpg|70 px]]
|1=†[[维加鸟目]] [[File:Vegavis restoration.jpg|70 px]]
|label2=†[[Gastornithiformes]]
|label2=†[[加斯顿鸟形目]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†[[Gastornithidae]] [[File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px]]
|1=†[[加斯顿鸟科]] [[File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px]]
|2=†[[驰鸟科]] (驰鸟等) [[File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px]]}}}}}}|style=font-size:107%|label1='''齿雁类'''}}
|2=†[[Dromornithidae]] (mihirungs) [[File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px]]}}}}}}|style=font-size:107%|label1='''Anserimorphae'''}}In 2019 a new species ''[[Conflicto antarcticus]]'' was described from Early [[Paleocene]] deposits in [[Antarctica]].<ref name="tambussial2019"/> Known completely from associated bones from a single individual, Tambussi et al. (2019) incorporated the new taxon into a phylogenetic analysis using the matrix data from Worthy et al. (2017). Their results not only supported the sister grouping of vegaviids with gastornithids and mihirungs (which included Vegaviidae into Gastornithiformes), but also found two taxa, ''[[Anatalavis]] rex'' and the tall, wading [[Presbyornithidae|presbyornithid]]s, traditionally placed as part of the anseriform crown,<ref name=RSOS16>{{Cite journal|author1=Vanesa L. De Pietri |author2=R. Paul Scofield |author3=Nikita Zelenkov |author4=Walter E. Boles |author5=Trevor H. Worthy |year=2016 |title=The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=150635 |doi=10.1098/rsos.150635 |pmid=26998335 |pmc=4785986 |bibcode=2016RSOS....350635D }}</ref> to be stem-anseriforms.<ref name="tambussial2019"/> Below is the Tambussi et al. (2019) phylogeny.<ref name="tambussial2019"/>
2019年，发现于南极早[[古新世]]沉积物的新物种南极冲突鸟得到了描述。<ref name="tambussial2019" />Tambussi等人于2019年使用Worthy等人于2017年的基础数据将这一新类群纳入系统发育分析。他们的研究结果不仅支持了[[維加鳥科|维加鸟类]]与[[加斯顿鸟形目|加斯顿鸟类]]和驰鸟类的姐妹群关系（将维加鸟科纳入加斯顿鸟目），而且还发现了传统上被认为是狭义[[雁形目]]的两个类群，[[鴨翼鳥屬|君王鸭翼鸟]]和普瑞斯比鸟科，<ref name="RSOS162">{{Cite journal |author1=Vanesa L. De Pietri |author2=R. Paul Scofield |author3=Nikita Zelenkov |author4=Walter E. Boles |author5=Trevor H. Worthy |year=2016 |title=The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=150635 |bibcode=2016RSOS....350635D |doi=10.1098/rsos.150635 |pmc=4785986 |pmid=26998335}}</ref>其实是干群雁形目。<ref name="tambussial2019" />

下面是Tambussi等人于2019年建立的系统发育。<ref name="tambussial2019" />

{{clade|{{Clade
{{clade|{{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|label1=†[[Gastornithiformes]]
|label1=†[[加斯顿鸟形目]]
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=†[[Vegaviidae]] [[File:Vegavis restoration.jpg|70 px]]
|1=†[[维加鸟科]] [[File:Vegavis restoration.jpg|70 px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†[[Gastornithidae]] [[File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px]]
|1=†[[加斯顿鸟科]] [[File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px]]
|2=†[[Dromornithidae]] (mihirungs) [[File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px]]}}}}
|2=†[[驰鸟科]] (mihirungs) [[File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px]]}}}}
|label2=[[Anseriformes]] ''sensu lato''
|label2=广义[[雁形目]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=†''[[Conflicto antarcticus]]''
|1=†[[衝突鳥屬]] [[File:Conflicto antarctiicus.jpg|70 px]]
|2=†''[[Anatalavis]] rex''}}
|2=†[[鸭翼鸟|鸭翼鸟属]] }}
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=†[[Presbyornithidae]] [[File:Presbyornis Enhancement.jpg|70 px]]
|1=†[[普瑞斯比鸟科]] [[File:Presbyornis Enhancement.jpg|70 px]]
|2=[[Anseriformes]] (screamers and waterfowl) [[File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px]] [[File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px]][[File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px]]}}}}}}}}|style=font-size:107%|label1='''Anserimorphae'''}}
|2=[[雁形目]] (雁，鸭等) [[File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px]] [[File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px]][[File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px]]}}}}}}}}|style=font-size:107%|label1='''雁形类'''}}


== 參考來源 ==
== 參考來源 ==
{{Reflist}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q25305236}}
{{Reflist}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q25305236}}
{{泛雞雁類|state=expanded}}

[[Category:今颚类]]

2023年10月1日 (日) 12:12的最新版本

齿雁类
化石时期：
晚白垩纪-人类世, 66.7–0 Ma
毛利塔尼亚远洋鸟的头骨化石(上)与普通秋沙鸭的头部照片，两者有所相似
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 鸟纲 Aves
演化支： 今颚类 Neognathae
演化支： 泛雞雁類 Pangalloanserae
小纲： 鸡雁小纲 Galloanserae
演化支： 齿雁类 Odontoanserae
Bourdon, 2005
亚群

齿雁类（学名：Odontoanserae）是一个包涵了齿翼鸟目与雁形类（雁形目及其近亲）的分类单元。[2]齿翼鸟类的演化地位一直存在争议，除此观点外，也有人凭借其胸骨形态的特点将其视为鹱形目或鹈形目的近亲。[3]

2005年的研究表明，因为相同的颅骨特征，齿翼鸟类应当作为雁形类的姊妹群。[4]除此之外，两者在骨盆和胸骨也存在着很多相似特征。此外，2013年对远洋鸟伪齿的研究表明，两者都有“软质嘴鞘，或嘴鞘延迟发育”的现象发生，进一步支持了齿雁类的单系性。[5]除了齿翼鸟目和雁形目之外，学者也支持将驰鸟科和加斯顿鸟科放入这一分类单元，这两类鸟与雁形目有着相似的头骨和骨盆的解剖学特征。[6][7][8]驰鸟与加斯顿鸟相较于齿翼鸟类更接近于雁形目。一种观点认为加斯顿鸟与驰鸟组成单系群，作为雁形目的姊妹群，另一种说法则认为驰鸟与雁形目中的叫鸭科关系更近。[7]

下列为齿雁类系统发育的通常共识。[7][4][8][9][10]

齿雁类
 

†远洋鸟科 (远洋鸟等)

 
雁形类
 

†加斯顿鸟科

 
 
 

†驰鸟科 (驰鸟等)

 
 
 

†维加鸟科

 
 

雁形目 (雁，鸭等)

 
 
 
 
 

然而，沃西(Worthy)和他的同事在2017年的一篇论文中发现了一种关于雁形类的另类系统关系。[11]通过添加新的特征，以及将几个新的分类群合并到已建立的矩阵中，作者发现加斯顿鸟类和驰鸟类应当作为姊妹群，可以一同放在加斯顿鸟形目中。[12]此外，他们还发现了一种支持，即维加鸟科（通常被归类为基干雁形目或作为其姊妹分类单元[10]）与加斯顿鸟目的关系比与雁形目的关系更密切；因此，他们创造了单系群维加鸟目。[12] 作者们确实注意到，引导支持的是弱支持，他们的论文中的几个替代用的系统发育也表明加斯顿鸟类也有可能是基干鸡形目，这些也得到了微弱的支持。[12]

下面是一个简化的系统发育图，显示了他们支持冠恐鸟形目与维加鸟目结合组成雁形目的姊妹群。[12]

齿雁类
 

雁形目 (雁，鸭等)

 
 
 

†维加鸟目

 
†加斯顿鸟形目
 

†加斯顿鸟科

 
 

†驰鸟科 (驰鸟等)

 
 
 
 

2019年，发现于南极早古新世沉积物的新物种南极冲突鸟得到了描述。[1]Tambussi等人于2019年使用Worthy等人于2017年的基础数据将这一新类群纳入系统发育分析。他们的研究结果不仅支持了维加鸟类与加斯顿鸟类和驰鸟类的姐妹群关系（将维加鸟科纳入加斯顿鸟目），而且还发现了传统上被认为是狭义雁形目的两个类群，君王鸭翼鸟和普瑞斯比鸟科，[13]其实是干群雁形目。[1]

下面是Tambussi等人于2019年建立的系统发育。[1]

雁形类
 
†加斯顿鸟形目
 

†维加鸟科

 
 
 

†加斯顿鸟科

 
 

†驰鸟科 (mihirungs)

 
 
 
广义雁形目
 
 

†衝突鳥屬

 
 

†鸭翼鸟属

 
 
 
 

†普瑞斯比鸟科

 
 

雁形目 (雁，鸭等)

 
 
 
 
 

參考來源

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Claudia P. Tambussi; Federico J. Degrange; Ricardo S. De Mendoza; Emilia Sferco; Sergrio Santillana. A stem anseriform from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica provides new key evidence in the early evolution of waterfowl. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2019, 186 (3): 673–700. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly085. 
  2. ^ Bourdon, E. Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes). Naturwissenschaften. 2005, 92 (12): 586–91. Bibcode:2005NW.....92..586B. PMID 16240103. S2CID 9453177. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0. 
  3. ^ Mayr, G.; Hazevoet, C.J.; Dantas, P.; Cachão, M. A Sternum of a Very Large Bony-Toothed Bird (Pelagornithidae) from the Miocene of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008, 28 (3): 762–769. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[762:asoavl]2.0.co;2. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Bourdon, E. Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes). Naturwissenschaften. 2005, 92 (12): 586–91. Bibcode:2005NW.....92..586B. PMID 16240103. S2CID 9453177. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0. 
  5. ^ Louchart, A.; Sire, J.-Y.; Mourer-Chauviré, C.; Geraads, D.; Viriot, L.; de Buffrénil, V. Structure and Growth Pattern of Pseudoteeth in Pelagornis mauretanicus (Aves, Odontopterygiformes, Pelagornithidae). PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (11): e80372. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880372L. PMC 3828250 可免费查阅. PMID 24244680. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080372 可免费查阅. 
  6. ^ Andors, A. Reappraisal of the Eocene groundbird Diatryma (Aves: Anserimorphae). Science Series Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1992, 36: 109–125. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Murrary, P.F; Vickers-Rich, P. Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime. Indiana University Press. 2004. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Agnolín, F. Brontornis burmeisteri Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina.. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 2007, 9: 15–25. doi:10.22179/revmacn.9.361 可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ Livezey, B.C.; Zusi, R.L. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion. The Science of Nature. 2007, 149 (1): 1–95. PMC 2517308 可免费查阅. PMID 18784798. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Agnolín, F.L.; Egli, F.B.; Chatterjee, S.; Marsà, J.A.G. Vegaviidae, a new clade of southern diving birds that survived the K/T boundary. The Science of Nature. 2017, 104 (87): 87. Bibcode:2017SciNa.104...87A. PMID 28988276. S2CID 13246547. doi:10.1007/s00114-017-1508-y. 
  11. ^ Worthy, T.H.; Degrange, F.J.; Handley, W.D.; Lee, M.S.Y. The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres). Royal Society Open Science. 2017, 11 (10): 170975. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470975W. PMC 5666277 可免费查阅. PMID 29134094. doi:10.1098/rsos.170975. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Worthy, T.H.; Degrange, F.J.; Handley, W.D.; Lee, M.S.Y. The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres). Royal Society Open Science. 2017, 11 (10): 170975. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470975W. PMC 5666277 可免费查阅. PMID 29134094. doi:10.1098/rsos.170975. 
  13. ^ Vanesa L. De Pietri; R. Paul Scofield; Nikita Zelenkov; Walter E. Boles; Trevor H. Worthy. The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae. Royal Society Open Science. 2016, 3 (2): 150635. Bibcode:2016RSOS....350635D. PMC 4785986 可免费查阅. PMID 26998335. doi:10.1098/rsos.150635. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=齿雁类&oldid=79167630”