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核勒索：修订间差异

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==歷史==
==歷史==
*1950年，美國總統[[哈瑞·S·杜魯門]]公開表示，[[朝鮮戰爭]]期間正在“積極考慮”對中國目標使用核武器。<ref name="The Office of the Historian">{{cite web|title=FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1950, KOREA, VOLUME VII|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950v07/d909|website=The Office of the Historian|ref=The Office of the Historian|accessdate=November 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 30, 1950|title=The President's News Conference|work=[[Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum]]|url=https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/295/presidents-news-conference}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=March 8, 2013|title=Examples of past nuclear threats between countries|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/examples-of-past-nuclear-threats-between-countries/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Norris|first1=Robert S.|last2=Kristensen|first2=Hans M.|date=September 1, 2006|title=U.S. nuclear threats: Then and now|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=62|issue=5|pages=69–71|bibcode=2006BuAtS..62e..69N|doi=10.2968/062005016|pmid=}}</ref>
*1950年，美國總統[[哈瑞·S·杜魯門]]公開表示，[[朝鮮戰爭]]期間正在“積極考慮”對中國目標使用核武器。<ref name="The Office of the Historian">{{cite web|title=FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1950, KOREA, VOLUME VII|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950v07/d909|website=The Office of the Historian|ref=The Office of the Historian|accessdate=November 5, 2019|archive-date=2022-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022205553/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950v07/d909|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 30, 1950|title=The President's News Conference|work=[[Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum]]|url=https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/295/presidents-news-conference|accessdate=2022-08-17|archive-date=2022-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017102430/https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/295/presidents-news-conference|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="未命名-20230318193036">{{cite news|date=March 8, 2013|title=Examples of past nuclear threats between countries|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/examples-of-past-nuclear-threats-between-countries/|accessdate=2022-08-17|archive-date=2022-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109224844/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/examples-of-past-nuclear-threats-between-countries/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="未命名_2-20230318193036">{{cite journal|last1=Norris|first1=Robert S.|last2=Kristensen|first2=Hans M.|date=September 1, 2006|title=U.S. nuclear threats: Then and now|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=62|issue=5|pages=69–71|bibcode=2006BuAtS..62e..69N|doi=10.2968/062005016|pmid=}}</ref>
⚫
*1953年，美國總統[[德懷特·艾森豪]]威脅如果中國拒絕談判，將使用核武器結束朝鮮戰爭。<ref>{{cite news|date=June 8, 1984|title=U.S. PAPERS TELL OF '53 POLICY TO USE A-BOMB IN KOREA|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/08/world/us-papers-tell-of-53-policy-to-use-a-bomb-in-korea.html|accessdate=2022-08-17|archive-date=2022-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109201752/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/08/world/us-papers-tell-of-53-policy-to-use-a-bomb-in-korea.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 13, 2019|title=Eisenhower goes to Korea|work=[[History ]]|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eisenhower-goes-to-korea|accessdate=2022-08-17|archive-date=2022-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817135419/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eisenhower-goes-to-korea|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="未命名_2-20230318193036"/>

⚫
*為了支持[[中華民國政府]]的繼續存在，美國在1950年代多次對[[中華人民共和國]]發出核威脅，迫使離島撤離，停止對[[金門]]和[[馬祖]]的襲擊。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Friedman|first=Edward|date=January 1975|title=Nuclear Blackmail and the end of the Korean War|journal=Modern China|volume=1|issue=1|pages=75–91|doi=10.1177/009770047500100103|s2cid=143664791}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=August 19, 2018|title=In 1955, America Was Ready for a Nuclear War with China over Taiwan|work=[[Yahoo News]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/1955-america-ready-nuclear-war-180000109.html|accessdate=2022-08-17|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624044851/https://news.yahoo.com/1955-america-ready-nuclear-war-180000109.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 12, 2010|title=Nixon intervention saved China from Soviet nuclear attack|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/714064/nixon-intervention-saved-china-soviet-nuclear-attack|accessdate=2022-08-17|archive-date=2022-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109083516/https://www.scmp.com/article/714064/nixon-intervention-saved-china-soviet-nuclear-attack|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="未命名-20230318193036"/><ref name="未命名_2-20230318193036"/>
⚫
*1953年，美國總統[[德懷特·艾森豪]]威脅如果中國拒絕談判，將使用核武器結束朝鮮戰爭。<ref>{{cite news|date=June 8, 1984|title=U.S. PAPERS TELL OF '53 POLICY TO USE A-BOMB IN KOREA|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/08/world/us-papers-tell-of-53-policy-to-use-a-bomb-in-korea.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 13, 2019|title=Eisenhower goes to Korea|work=[[History ]]|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eisenhower-goes-to-korea}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Norris|first1=Robert S.|last2=Kristensen|first2=Hans M.|date=September 1, 2006|title=U.S. nuclear threats: Then and now|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=62|issue=5|pages=69–71|bibcode=2006BuAtS..62e..69N|doi=10.2968/062005016|pmid=}}</ref>
⚫
*來自[[英國國家檔案館]]的解密文件表明，如果中國在1961年軍事收回香港，英國曾考慮以[[核報復]]威脅中國。<ref>{{cite news|date=August 19, 2018|title=UK pondered China nuclear attack|work=[[Yahoo News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5130524.stm|accessdate=November 8, 2013|archive-date=2012-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5130524.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

⚫
*在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭]]中，俄罗斯多次對援助烏克蘭的國家發出核威脅，包括表示有可能向[[英國]]與[[美國]]在內的[[北約]]爆發[[核戰爭]]。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.singtao.ca/5769423/2022-05-13/post-%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A%EF%BC%9A%E8%88%87%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%9C%89%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E6%A0%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA/|title=莫斯科警告：與北約有爆發核戰風險|publisher=Singatao Canada}}</ref>
⚫
*為了支持[[中華民國政府]]的繼續存在，美國在1950年代多次對[[中華人民共和國]]發出核威脅，迫使離島撤離，停止對[[金門]]和[[馬祖]]的襲擊。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Friedman|first=Edward|date=January 1975|title=Nuclear Blackmail and the end of the Korean War|journal=Modern China|volume=1|issue=1|pages=75–91|doi=10.1177/009770047500100103|s2cid=143664791}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=August 19, 2018|title=In 1955, America Was Ready for a Nuclear War with China over Taiwan|work=[[Yahoo News]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/1955-america-ready-nuclear-war-180000109.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 12, 2010|title=Nixon intervention saved China from Soviet nuclear attack|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/714064/nixon-intervention-saved-china-soviet-nuclear-attack}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=March 8, 2013|title=Examples of past nuclear threats between countries|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/examples-of-past-nuclear-threats-between-countries/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Norris|first1=Robert S.|last2=Kristensen|first2=Hans M.|date=September 1, 2006|title=U.S. nuclear threats: Then and now|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=62|issue=5|pages=69–71|bibcode=2006BuAtS..62e..69N|doi=10.2968/062005016|pmid=}}</ref>

⚫
*來自[[英國國家檔案館]]的解密文件表明，如果中國在1961年軍事收回香港，英國曾考慮以[[核報復]]威脅中國。<ref>{{cite news|date=August 19, 2018|title=UK pondered China nuclear attack|work=[[Yahoo News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5130524.stm|accessdate=November 8, 2013}}</ref>

⚫
*在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭]]中，多次對援助[[烏克蘭]]的國家發出核威脅，包括表示有可能向[[英國]]與[[美國]]在內的[[北約]]爆發[[核戰爭]]。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.singtao.ca/5769423/2022-05-13/post-%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A%EF%BC%9A%E8%88%87%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%9C%89%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E6%A0%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA/|title=莫斯科警告：與北約有爆發核戰風險|publisher=Singatao Canada}}</ref>


==參考資料==
==參考資料==

2023年10月11日 (三) 10:48的最新版本

核勒索（英語：Nuclear blackmail，另名核訛詐或核恐嚇）是一種核戰略形式，侵略者以使用核武器相威脅，迫使對手採取某些行動或做出某些讓步。這是一種與邊緣政策有關的敲詐勒索。

效用

[编辑]

歷史

[编辑]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1950, KOREA, VOLUME VII. The Office of the Historian. [November 5, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）. 
  2. ^ The President's News Conference. Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. November 30, 1950 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-17）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Examples of past nuclear threats between countries. The Seattle Times. March 8, 2013 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Norris, Robert S.; Kristensen, Hans M. U.S. nuclear threats: Then and now. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. September 1, 2006, 62 (5): 69–71. Bibcode:2006BuAtS..62e..69N. doi:10.2968/062005016. 
  5. ^ U.S. PAPERS TELL OF '53 POLICY TO USE A-BOMB IN KOREA. The New York Times. June 8, 1984 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）. 
  6. ^ Eisenhower goes to Korea. History . November 13, 2019 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-17）. 
  7. ^ Friedman, Edward. Nuclear Blackmail and the end of the Korean War. Modern China. January 1975, 1 (1): 75–91. S2CID 143664791. doi:10.1177/009770047500100103. 
  8. ^ In 1955, America Was Ready for a Nuclear War with China over Taiwan. Yahoo News. August 19, 2018 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-24）. 
  9. ^ Nixon intervention saved China from Soviet nuclear attack. South China Morning Post. May 12, 2010 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）. 
  10. ^ UK pondered China nuclear attack. Yahoo News. August 19, 2018 [November 8, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-12）. 
  11. ^ 莫斯科警告：與北約有爆發核戰風險. Singatao Canada. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=核勒索&oldid=79318091”