1-丙醇:修订间差异
外观
删除的内容 添加的内容
Jonashtand(留言 | 贡献) |
小 使用HotCat已移除Category:正丙基化合物; 已添加Category:正丙氧基化合物 |
||
(未显示16个用户的23个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{ |
{{chemref|time=2011-05-21T05:17:27+00:00 }} |
||
{{chembox |
{{chembox |
||
| Name = |
| Name = 1-丙醇 |
||
| ImageFile = Propan-1-ol.svg |
| ImageFile = Propan-1-ol.svg |
||
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px --> |
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px --> |
||
第9行: | 第8行: | ||
| ImageFile2 = Propan-1-ol-3D-balls.png |
| ImageFile2 = Propan-1-ol-3D-balls.png |
||
| IUPACName = propan-1-ol |
| IUPACName = propan-1-ol |
||
| OtherNames = 1-丙醇<br />''n''-丙醇<br />丙醇 |
| OtherNames = 1-丙醇<br />''n''-丙醇<br />正丙醇 |
||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
||
⚫ | |||
| CASNo = 71-23-8 |
| CASNo = 71-23-8 |
||
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|||
| PubChem = 1031 |
|||
| ChemSpiderID = 1004 |
| ChemSpiderID = 1004 |
||
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|||
| UNII = 96F264O9SV |
|||
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
|||
| EINECS = 200-746-9 |
|||
| UNNumber = 1274 |
|||
| DrugBank = DB03175 |
|||
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
|||
| KEGG = C05979 |
|||
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
|||
| MeSHName = 1-Propanol |
|||
| ChEBI = 28831 |
|||
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|||
| ChEMBL = 14687 |
|||
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|||
| RTECS = UH8225000 |
| RTECS = UH8225000 |
||
| Beilstein = 1098242 |
|||
| Gmelin = 25616 |
|||
| 3DMet = B00883 |
|||
⚫ | |||
| StdInChI = 1S/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3 |
|||
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|||
| StdInChIKey = BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|||
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
||
第20行: | 第42行: | ||
| MolarMass = 60.10 |
| MolarMass = 60.10 |
||
| Appearance = 澄清、无色液体 |
| Appearance = 澄清、无色液体 |
||
| Odor = 酒精味<ref name=PGCH/> |
|||
| Density = 0.8034 g/cm<sup>3</sup>,液体 |
| Density = 0.8034 g/cm<sup>3</sup>,液体 |
||
| Solubility = [[混溶]] |
| Solubility = [[混溶]] |
||
| MeltingPt = −126.5 °C (146.7 K) |
| MeltingPt = −126.5 °C (146.7 K) |
||
| BoilingPt = 97.1 °C (370.3 K) |
| BoilingPt = 97.1 °C (370.3 K) |
||
| Heat Capacity = 1.386 kJ K<sup> |
| VaporPressure = 1.99 kPa (20 °C) |
||
| Heat Capacity = 1.386 kJ K<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> (288.15 K, 1 atm) |
|||
| pKa = (~16) |
| pKa = (~16) |
||
| pKb = −2 |
|||
| Viscosity = 1.938 [[泊 (单位)|cP]] at 25°C |
|||
| Viscosity = 1.959 [[泊 (单位)|cP]] (25°C)<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Pal A, Gaba R|year=2008|title=Volumetric, acoustic, and viscometric studies of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether with 1-alkanols at 298.15 K|journal=[[The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics|J. Chem. Thermodyn.]]|volume=40|issue=5|pages=818–828|doi=10.1016/j.jct.2008.01.008}}</ref> |
|||
| RefractIndex = 1.387 |
|||
| Dipole = 1.68 D |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
||
第37行: | 第64行: | ||
| NFPA-F = 3 |
| NFPA-F = 3 |
||
| NFPA-R = |
| NFPA-R = |
||
| RPhrases = {{ |
| RPhrases = {{R11}}-{{R41}}-{{R67}} |
||
| SPhrases = {{ |
| SPhrases = {{S2}}-{{S7}}-{{S16}}-{{S24}}-{{S26}}-{{S39}} |
||
| FlashPt = 15 °C |
| FlashPt = 15 °C |
||
| ExploLimits = 2.2–13.7%<ref name=PGCH/> |
|||
| PEL = TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0533}}</ref> |
|||
| IDLH = 800 ppm<ref name=PGCH/> |
|||
| LD50 = 2800 mg/kg (兔子口服)<br/>6800 mg/kg (小鼠口服)<br/>1870 mg/kg (大鼠口服)<ref>{{IDLH|71238|n-Propyl alcohol}}</ref> |
|||
| REL = TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) ST 250 ppm (625 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) [skin]<ref name=PGCH/> |
|||
}}<!-- |
}}<!-- |
||
| [[Propan-1-ol chemdata supplement#Structure and properties|Structure and<br />properties]] |
| [[Propan-1-ol chemdata supplement#Structure and properties|Structure and<br />properties]] |
||
第51行: | 第83行: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''1-丙醇''' |
'''1-丙醇'''(''Propan-1-ol'')又稱'''正丙醇''',是一種有三個[[碳]]原子的[[醇]]類[[有機化合物]]。 簡單的化學式為[[碳|C]]<sub>3</sub>[[氫|H]]<sub>7</sub>[[羟|OH]]。與[[甲乙醚]]、[[2-丙醇]](異丙醇)為[[同分異構|同分異構體]]。分子式為CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH,依按[[IUPAC命名法]]稱作'''丙-1-醇'''。是[[一氧化碳]]和[[氫]]合成[[甲醇]]時的副產物。其键线式为[[File:Propan-1-ol.svg|50px]]。是伯醇之一。它在许多发酵过程中少量自然形成,并在制药工业中用作溶剂,主要用于树脂和纤维素酯。它有时还用作[[消毒剂]]。 |
||
[[File:Propan-1-ol.svg]] |
|||
== 物理化學特性 == |
== 物理化學特性 == |
||
具有[[醇]]的通性。1-丙醇在[[室溫]]及[[常壓]]下,是無色的透明液體,有香味。 |
|||
1-丙醇在[[室溫]]及[[常壓]]下,是無色的透明液體,有香味。 |
|||
=== 毒性資料 === |
|||
: 正丙醇:熔点-127℃,沸点97.8℃,相对密度:0.804(20℃) |
|||
*[[LD50]]:1870 mg/kg(大鼠经口);5040 mg/kg([[兔]]经皮) |
|||
*[[LC50]]:48000 mg/m3([[小鼠]][[吸入]]) |
|||
== 用途 == |
|||
在日常用途中,丙醇可作化學溶劑,或作清潔物品用。 |
在日常用途中,丙醇可作化學溶劑,或作清潔物品用。 |
||
[[File:Propanol reactions.png|center|一些涉及正丙醇的反应例子]] |
[[File:Propanol reactions.png|center|一些涉及正丙醇的反应例子]] |
||
==参考资料== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
==扩展阅读== |
|||
# {{vogelOrganic}} |
|||
# {{Cite book|veditors=Lide DR|edition=87th|publisher=TF-CRC|year=2006|isbn=0849304873|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics}} |
|||
# {{Cite book|veditors=O'Neil MJ|edition=14th|publisher=Merck|year=2006|isbn=091191000X|title=The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals|url=https://archive.org/details/merckindexencycl0000unse_m4f7}} |
|||
# {{Cite book|title=Organic Chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/organicchemistry00perkrich|publisher=W. & R. Chambers|year=1922|vauthors=Perkin WH, Kipping FS|location=London|isbn=0080223540}} |
|||
==外部链接== |
|||
* [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0553.htm International Chemical Safety Card 0553] {{Wayback|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0553.htm |date=20210421070709 }} |
|||
* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0533.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0533.html |date=20210323093702 }} |
|||
{{Alcohol-stub}} |
|||
{{醇}} |
{{醇}} |
||
{{醇類類似物}} |
{{醇類類似物}} |
||
[[Category:醇]] |
[[Category:伯醇]] |
||
[[Category:醇类溶剂]] |
[[Category:醇类溶剂]] |
||
[[Category:三碳有机物]] |
[[Category:三碳有机物]] |
||
[[Category:正丙氧基化合物]] |
|||
[[bs:Propanol]] |
|||
[[ca:1-propanol]] |
|||
[[cs:1-propanol]] |
|||
[[de:1-Propanol]] |
|||
[[el:1-προπανόλη]] |
|||
[[en:1-Propanol]] |
|||
[[es:Propan-1-ol]] |
|||
[[fa:۱-پروپانول]] |
|||
[[fi:1-propanoli]] |
|||
[[fr:Propan-1-ol]] |
|||
[[he:1-פרופנול]] |
|||
[[hu:Propanol]] |
|||
[[it:1-propanolo]] |
|||
[[ja:1-プロパノール]] |
|||
[[lb:1-Propanol]] |
|||
[[lv:Propanols]] |
|||
[[nl:1-propanol]] |
|||
[[no:Propanol]] |
|||
[[pl:Propanol]] |
|||
[[pt:1-Propanol]] |
|||
[[ru:Пропиловый спирт]] |
|||
[[sk:Propanol]] |
|||
[[sl:Propanol]] |
|||
[[sr:1-Propanol]] |
|||
[[sv:Propanol]] |
|||
[[tr:Propanol]] |
|||
[[uk:Пропіловий спирт]] |
|||
[[vi:Propan-1-ol]] |
2024年2月11日 (日) 13:03的最新版本
此條目缺少或没有列出参考或来源,或者有未能查证的内容。 (2011年5月21日) |
1-丙醇 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 propan-1-ol | |
别名 | 1-丙醇 n-丙醇 正丙醇 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 71-23-8 |
PubChem | 1031 |
ChemSpider | 1004 |
SMILES |
|
Beilstein | 1098242 |
Gmelin | 25616 |
3DMet | B00883 |
UN编号 | 1274 |
EINECS | 200-746-9 |
ChEBI | 28831 |
RTECS | UH8225000 |
DrugBank | DB03175 |
KEGG | C05979 |
MeSH | 1-Propanol |
性质 | |
化学式 | C3H8O |
摩尔质量 | 60.10 g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 澄清、无色液体 |
氣味 | 酒精味[1] |
密度 | 0.8034 g/cm3,液体 |
熔点 | −126.5 °C (146.7 K) |
沸点 | 97.1 °C (370.3 K) |
溶解性(水) | 混溶 |
蒸氣壓 | 1.99 kPa (20 °C) |
pKa | (~16) |
pKb | −2 |
折光度n D |
1.387 |
黏度 | 1.959 cP (25°C)[2] |
偶极矩 | 1.68 D |
结构 | |
偶极矩 | 1.68 D |
危险性 | |
欧盟危险性符号 | |
警示术语 | R:R11-R41-R67 |
安全术语 | S:S2-S7-S16-S24-S26-S39 |
NFPA 704 | |
闪点 | 15 °C |
爆炸極限 | 2.2–13.7%[1] |
PEL | TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3)[1] |
致死量或浓度: | |
LD50(中位剂量)
|
2800 mg/kg (兔子口服) 6800 mg/kg (小鼠口服) 1870 mg/kg (大鼠口服)[3] |
相关物质 | |
相关醇 | 乙醇 异丙醇 丁醇 |
相关化学品 | 丙醛 丙酸 1-氯丙烷 乙酸丙酯 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
1-丙醇(Propan-1-ol)又稱正丙醇,是一種有三個碳原子的醇類有機化合物。 簡單的化學式為C3H7OH。與甲乙醚、2-丙醇(異丙醇)為同分異構體。分子式為CH3CH2CH2OH,依按IUPAC命名法稱作丙-1-醇。是一氧化碳和氫合成甲醇時的副產物。其键线式为。是伯醇之一。它在许多发酵过程中少量自然形成,并在制药工业中用作溶剂,主要用于树脂和纤维素酯。它有时还用作消毒剂。
物理化學特性
[编辑]具有醇的通性。1-丙醇在室溫及常壓下,是無色的透明液體,有香味。
毒性資料
[编辑]用途
[编辑]在日常用途中,丙醇可作化學溶劑,或作清潔物品用。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0533. NIOSH.
- ^ Pal A, Gaba R. Volumetric, acoustic, and viscometric studies of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether with 1-alkanols at 298.15 K. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 2008, 40 (5): 818–828. doi:10.1016/j.jct.2008.01.008.
- ^ n-Propyl alcohol. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
扩展阅读
[编辑]- Furniss, B. S.; Hannaford, A. J.; Smith, P. W. G.; Tatchell, A. R., Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry 5th, Harlow: Longman, 1989, ISBN 0-582-46236-3
- Lide DR (编). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87th. TF-CRC. 2006. ISBN 0849304873.
- O'Neil MJ (编). The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals 14th. Merck. 2006. ISBN 091191000X.
- Perkin WH, Kipping FS. Organic Chemistry. London: W. & R. Chambers. 1922. ISBN 0080223540.