异鹮属:修订间差异
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⚫ | '''异鹮属'''([[学名]]:''Xenicibis'')是[[鹮亚科]]下的一个已灭绝的属,其唯一已知种'''伴猴异鹮'''('''''Xenicibis xympithecus''''')<ref name="Olson1977"/>也称'''牙买加鹮(Jamaican ibis)、牙买加不飞鹮(Jamaican flightless ibis)<ref name="Olson1977">{{cite journal | last1 = Olson | first1 = Storrs L | last2 = Steadman | first2 = David W | year = 1977 | title = A new genus of flightless ibis (Threskiornithidae) and other fossil birds from cave deposits in Jamaica | journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | volume = 90 | issue = 2| pages = 447–457 }}</ref>或棒翅鹮(clubbed-wing ibis)'''<ref name="Turvey">{{cite book|last=Tyrberg|first=Tommy|chapter= Holocene avian extinctions|editor1-first= Sam|editor1-last= Turvey|title=Holocene Extinctions|year=2009|pages=63–106|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-953509-5}}</ref>,棍棒状的翅膀是其独一无二的特征。<ref name="Longrich">{{Cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Olson | first2 = S. L. | title = The bizarre wing of the Jamaican flightless ibis Xenicibis xympithecus: a unique vertebrate adaptation | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2010.2117 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | year = 2011 | pmid = 21208965| pmc = 3119002| volume=278 | pages=2333–2337}}</ref>异鹮属是仅有的两个不会飞的鹮类属之一,另一个属是[[夏威夷群岛]]特有的[[无翼鹮属]](''Apteribis'')。<ref name="Turvey"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1= Olson |
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| taxon = Xenicibis |
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| image = Jamaica_range_for_Flightless_Ibis.svg |
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| type_species = '''伴猴异鹮<br>''Xenicibis xympithecus''''' |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| type_species_authority = [[Storrs L. Olson|Olson]] & [[David Steadman|Steadman]], 1977 |
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| range_map = Jamaica range for Flightless Ibis.svg |
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| image2_width = 250px |
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| image2_caption = |
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| regnum = [[動物|動物界]] Animalia |
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| phylum = [[脊索动物门]] Chordata |
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| classis = [[蜥形纲]] Sauropsida |
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| subclassis = [[双孔亚纲]] Diapsida |
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| infraclassis = [[今颚下纲]] Neognathae |
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| superordo = |
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| ordo = [[鹈形目]] Pelecaniformes |
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| ordo_authority = |
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| subordo = [[鹭亚目]] Ardei |
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| Infraordo = |
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| superfamilia = |
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| familia = [[鹮科]] Threskiornithidae |
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| familia_authority = |
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| subfamilia = [[鹮亚科]] Threskiornithinae |
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| tribus = |
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| genus = †'''异鹮属''' '''''Xenicibis''''' |
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| genus_authority = <small>Olson & Steadman, 1977</small> |
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| type_species = |
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| subdivision_ranks = [[种]] |
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| subdivision = |
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*†[[伴猴异鹮]] ''Xenicibis xympithecus'' <small>Olson & Steadman, 1977</small> ([[模式种]]) |
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| synonyms = |
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⚫ | '''异鹮属'''([[学名]]:''Xenicibis'')是[[鹮亚科]]下的一个已灭绝的属,其唯一已知种'''伴猴异鹮'''('''''Xenicibis xympithecus''''')<ref name="Olson1977"/>也称'''牙买加鹮(Jamaican ibis)、牙买加不飞鹮(Jamaican flightless ibis)<ref name="Olson1977">{{cite journal | last1 = Olson | first1 = Storrs L | last2 = Steadman | first2 = David W | year = 1977 | title = A new genus of flightless ibis (Threskiornithidae) and other fossil birds from cave deposits in Jamaica | journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | volume = 90 | issue = 2| pages = 447–457 }}</ref>或棒翅鹮(clubbed-wing ibis)'''<ref name="Turvey">{{cite book|last=Tyrberg|first=Tommy|chapter= Holocene avian extinctions|editor1-first= Sam|editor1-last= Turvey|title=Holocene Extinctions|url=https://archive.org/details/holoceneextincti00turv_744|year=2009|pages=[https://archive.org/details/holoceneextincti00turv_744/page/n75 63]–106|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-953509-5}}</ref>,棍棒状的翅膀是其独一无二的特征。<ref name="Longrich">{{Cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Olson | first2 = S. L. | title = The bizarre wing of the Jamaican flightless ibis Xenicibis xympithecus: a unique vertebrate adaptation | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2010.2117 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | year = 2011 | pmid = 21208965| pmc = 3119002| volume=278 | pages=2333–2337}}</ref>异鹮属是仅有的两个不会飞的鹮类属之一,另一个属是[[夏威夷群岛]]特有的[[无翼鹮属]](''Apteribis'')。<ref name="Turvey"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1= Olson|first1= Storrs L.|last2= Wetmore|first2= Alexander|year= 1976|title= Preliminary diagnoses of two extraordinary new genera of birds from Pleistocene deposits in Hawaiian Islands.|journal= Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington|volume= 89|pages= 247–258|url= http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/1733/1/Thambeto_Apteribis.pdf|access-date= January 7, 2011|archive-date= 2012-03-27|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120327043443/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/1733/1/Thambeto_Apteribis.pdf}}</ref> |
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==描述== |
==描述== |
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1977年,H·E·安东尼(H.E.Anthony)在[[牙买加]][[长哩洞穴]](Long Mile cave)的洞穴沉积物中挖掘出了一些颅后骨骼,并据此对异鹮属进行了首次描述。<ref name="Olson1977"/><ref name="Cuba">Suárez, William (2001) [http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/Vol37a/37_109-110.pdf "Deletion of the flightless ibis ''Xenicibis'' from the fossil record of Cuba"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001053714/http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/Vol37a/37_109-110.pdf |date=2011-10-01 }}. ''Caribbean Journal of Science'' '''37''' (1–2): 109–110</ref>当时,由于其[[鸟喙骨]]不完整,它被推测为是不会飞的鸟;后来,牙买加[[斯旺西洞穴]](Swansea Cave)发现了同一物种的[[肱骨]],证实了它不能飞行。<ref name="Cuba"/><ref name="Olson1979">{{cite journal | last1 = Olson | first1 = Storrs L | last2 = Steadman | first2 = David W | year = 1979 | title = The humerus of ''Xenicibis'', the extinct flightless ibis of Jamaica | journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | volume = 92 | pages = 23–27 }}</ref>从包括[[红山裂缝]](Red Hills Fissure)在内的两个新地点发现的新化石表明,异鹮属对[[腕掌骨]]进行了独特的改造,<ref name="Longrich"/>使其呈棍棒状。其[[掌骨]]扩大并向远端弯曲,侧壁增厚,[[尺骨]]和[[桡骨]]也进行了调整。异鹮属是大型鹮类,重约2公斤(70盎司)。<ref name="Longrich"/> |
1977年,H·E·安东尼(H.E.Anthony)在[[牙买加]][[长哩洞穴]](Long Mile cave)的洞穴沉积物中挖掘出了一些颅后骨骼,并据此对异鹮属进行了首次描述。<ref name="Olson1977"/><ref name="Cuba">Suárez, William (2001) [http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/Vol37a/37_109-110.pdf "Deletion of the flightless ibis ''Xenicibis'' from the fossil record of Cuba"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001053714/http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/Vol37a/37_109-110.pdf |date=2011-10-01 }}. ''Caribbean Journal of Science'' '''37''' (1–2): 109–110</ref>当时,由于其[[鸟喙骨]]不完整,它被推测为是不会飞的鸟;后来,牙买加[[斯旺西洞穴]](Swansea Cave)发现了同一物种的[[肱骨]],证实了它不能飞行。<ref name="Cuba"/><ref name="Olson1979">{{cite journal | last1 = Olson | first1 = Storrs L | last2 = Steadman | first2 = David W | year = 1979 | title = The humerus of ''Xenicibis'', the extinct flightless ibis of Jamaica | journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | volume = 92 | pages = 23–27 }}</ref>从包括[[红山裂缝]](Red Hills Fissure)在内的两个新地点发现的新化石表明,异鹮属对[[腕掌骨]]进行了独特的改造,<ref name="Longrich"/>使其呈棍棒状。其[[掌骨]]扩大并向远端弯曲,侧壁增厚,[[尺骨]]和[[桡骨]]也进行了调整。异鹮属是大型鹮类,重约2公斤(70盎司)。<ref name="Longrich"/> |
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===棍棒状翅膀的功能=== |
===棍棒状翅膀的功能=== |
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| width=350 | float=right |caption=发掘地点 |
| width=350 | float=right |caption=发掘地点 |
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伴猴异鹮是牙买加的特有种,其骨骼已在多个遗迹中均有发现,包括长哩洞穴<ref name="Olson1977"/>、斯旺西洞穴<ref name="Olson1977"/>、[[杰克逊湾洞穴]](Jackson's Bay Cave)<ref name= McFarlane>{{cite journal | last= McFarlane | first= D A |author2=Lundberg, J |author3=Fincham, A G |date=August 2002 | title= |
伴猴异鹮是牙买加的特有种,其骨骼已在多个遗迹中均有发现,包括长哩洞穴<ref name="Olson1977"/>、斯旺西洞穴<ref name="Olson1977"/>、[[杰克逊湾洞穴]](Jackson's Bay Cave)<ref name= McFarlane>{{cite journal | last= McFarlane | first= D A | author2= Lundberg, J | author3= Fincham, A G | date= August 2002 | title= A late Quaternary paleoecological record from caves of southern Jamaica, West Indies | journal= Journal of Cave and Karst Studies | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 117–125 | url= http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/Publications/Late%20Quat%20JBC.pdf | access-date= 2022-04-21 | archive-date= 2021-12-09 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211209001805/http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/Publications/Late%20Quat%20JBC.pdf }}</ref>和红山裂缝。<ref name="Longrich"/>来自[[古巴]]的声称属于该属的骨头后来被鉴定为[[秧鹤]]。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Arredondo|first=Oscar |year=1984|title=Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depósitos fosilíferos pleisto-holocénicos de Cuba|journal= Reporte de Investigación del Instituto de Zoología |language = es |volume=17|pages=1–3}}</ref>牙买加岛和古巴岛从来没有连为一体过,所以不会飞的物种不可能到达不同的岛屿。<ref name="Cuba"/> |
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==参考资料== |
==参考资料== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{鵜形目|A.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2521346}} |
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[[Category:鹮科|Y]] |
[[Category:鹮科|Y]] |
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[[Category:已灭绝动物|Y]] |
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[[Category:已滅絕鳥類|Y]] |
[[Category:已滅絕鳥類|Y]] |
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[[Category:不会飞的鸟|Y]] |
[[Category:不会飞的鸟|Y]] |
2024年2月15日 (四) 16:10的最新版本
异鹮属 化石时期:早全新世
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
目: | 鹈形目 Pelecaniformes |
科: | 䴉科 Threskiornithidae |
亚科: | 朱鹭亚科 Threskiornithinae |
属: | †异鹮属 Xenicibis |
模式種 | |
伴猴异鹮 Xenicibis xympithecus | |
异鹮属分布地(红色) |
异鹮属(学名:Xenicibis)是鹮亚科下的一个已灭绝的属,其唯一已知种伴猴异鹮(Xenicibis xympithecus)[1]也称牙买加鹮(Jamaican ibis)、牙买加不飞鹮(Jamaican flightless ibis)[1]或棒翅鹮(clubbed-wing ibis)[2],棍棒状的翅膀是其独一无二的特征。[3]异鹮属是仅有的两个不会飞的鹮类属之一,另一个属是夏威夷群岛特有的无翼鹮属(Apteribis)。[2][4]
描述
[编辑]1977年,H·E·安东尼(H.E.Anthony)在牙买加长哩洞穴(Long Mile cave)的洞穴沉积物中挖掘出了一些颅后骨骼,并据此对异鹮属进行了首次描述。[1][5]当时,由于其鸟喙骨不完整,它被推测为是不会飞的鸟;后来,牙买加斯旺西洞穴(Swansea Cave)发现了同一物种的肱骨,证实了它不能飞行。[5][6]从包括红山裂缝(Red Hills Fissure)在内的两个新地点发现的新化石表明,异鹮属对腕掌骨进行了独特的改造,[3]使其呈棍棒状。其掌骨扩大并向远端弯曲,侧壁增厚,尺骨和桡骨也进行了调整。异鹮属是大型鹮类,重约2公斤(70盎司)。[3]
棍棒状翅膀的功能
[编辑]鸟类学家推测,异鹮属翅膀是以近似于棍棒或连枷的方式被作为武器使用的,[3]这与一些现生螳螂虾(口足目指虾蛄总科)类似,它们拥有一个棍棒状的远端膨胀的指状物,用来击打猎物和其他虾。[7]然而,在鸟类中,这种适应性似乎是独一无二的。[3]鸟类翅膀对战斗的适应性是一个偶然例子,在这种情况下,不同的鸟类物种会基于周围的实际情况,找到机会使用不同的方法解决同一问题。[3][8]
分布
[编辑]伴猴异鹮是牙买加的特有种,其骨骼已在多个遗迹中均有发现,包括长哩洞穴[1]、斯旺西洞穴[1]、杰克逊湾洞穴(Jackson's Bay Cave)[9]和红山裂缝。[3]来自古巴的声称属于该属的骨头后来被鉴定为秧鹤。[10]牙买加岛和古巴岛从来没有连为一体过,所以不会飞的物种不可能到达不同的岛屿。[5]
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Olson, Storrs L; Steadman, David W. A new genus of flightless ibis (Threskiornithidae) and other fossil birds from cave deposits in Jamaica. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 1977, 90 (2): 447–457.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Tyrberg, Tommy. Holocene avian extinctions. Turvey, Sam (编). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford University Press. 2009: 63–106. ISBN 978-0-19-953509-5.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Longrich, N. R.; Olson, S. L. The bizarre wing of the Jamaican flightless ibis Xenicibis xympithecus: a unique vertebrate adaptation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2011, 278: 2333–2337. PMC 3119002 . PMID 21208965. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2117.
- ^ Olson, Storrs L.; Wetmore, Alexander. Preliminary diagnoses of two extraordinary new genera of birds from Pleistocene deposits in Hawaiian Islands. (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 1976, 89: 247–258 [January 7, 2011]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-27).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Suárez, William (2001) "Deletion of the flightless ibis Xenicibis from the fossil record of Cuba" 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2011-10-01.. Caribbean Journal of Science 37 (1–2): 109–110
- ^ Olson, Storrs L; Steadman, David W. The humerus of Xenicibis, the extinct flightless ibis of Jamaica. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 1979, 92: 23–27.
- ^ Patek, S. N.; Korff, W. L.; Caldwell, R. L. Biomechanics: Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp. Nature. 2004, 428 (6985): 819–20. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..819P. PMID 15103366. doi:10.1038/428819a.
- ^ Gould, Stephen J. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton. 1989: 347. ISBN 0-393-02705-8.
- ^ McFarlane, D A; Lundberg, J; Fincham, A G. A late Quaternary paleoecological record from caves of southern Jamaica, West Indies (PDF). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies. August 2002, 64 (2): 117–125 [2022-04-21]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-12-09).
- ^ Arredondo, Oscar. Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depósitos fosilíferos pleisto-holocénicos de Cuba. Reporte de Investigación del Instituto de Zoología. 1984, 17: 1–3 (西班牙语).