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冬青：修订间差异

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{{otheruses|subject = 冬青科冬青属植物|other = 又名“冬青”的木樨科女贞属植物|女貞}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Illustration Ilex aquifolium0.jpg
| image = Illustration Ilex aquifolium0.jpg
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| image_caption = [[歐洲冬青]]繪圖
| image_caption = [[歐洲冬青]]繪圖
| taxon = Ilex
| taxon = Ilex
| authority = [[卡尔·林奈|L.]]
| authority = Tourn. ex [[卡尔·林奈|L.]], 1753
| subdivision_ranks = [[種]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[種]]
| subdivision = 約400種，詳見內文。
| subdivision = 約400種，詳見內文。
| synonyms = {{genus list
|Ageria |Rafinesque, 1838
|Iliciodes |Kuntze, 1891}}
}}
}}
[[File:Ilex Crenata2.jpg|thumb|280px|[[日本冬青]]（''Ilex crenata''）。]][[File:Ilex rotunda3.jpg|thumb|280px|[[鐵冬青]]（''Ilex rotunda''）。]][[File:Ilex latifolia2.jpg|thumb|280px|[[大葉冬青]]（''Ilex latifolia''）。]]
[[File:Ilex Crenata2.jpg|thumb|280px|[[日本冬青]]（''Ilex crenata''）。]][[File:Ilex rotunda3.jpg|thumb|280px|[[鐵冬青]]（''Ilex rotunda''）。]][[File:Ilex latifolia2.jpg|thumb|280px|[[大葉冬青]]（''Ilex latifolia''）。]]
{{medical}}
{{medical}}
'''冬青'''（''Holly''）是[[開花植物]]，也是[[冬青科]]的唯一一屬，本屬約有400個物種，高度約2到25公尺，有些是喬木，有些是灌木。廣泛分佈於[[亞洲]]、[[歐洲]]、[[非洲]]北部、[[北美洲]]與[[南美洲]]。冬青的[[葉]]堅挺有光澤，漿[[果]]鮮紅色，簇附枝上。有些冬青樹品種也稱為[[聖誕樹]]。
'''冬青属'''（学名：''Ilex''）是[[冬青科]][[開花植物]]的唯一一屬，本屬約有400個物種，高度約2到25公尺，有些是喬木，有些是灌木。廣泛分佈於[[亞洲]]、[[歐洲]]、[[非洲]]北部、[[北美洲]]與[[南美洲]]。冬青的[[葉]]堅挺有光澤，漿[[果]]鮮紅色，簇附枝上。有些冬青樹品種也稱為[[聖誕樹]]。漿果有毒性，會引起嘔吐、腹瀉。用於提煉冬青油的種類並非冬青，而是杜鵑花科的白珠樹（''Gaultheria procumbens''）。


== 特徵 ==
== 特徵 ==
中國冬青樹原產於[[長江下游]]各省，常見於[[寧波]]、[[杭州]]、[[南京]]等地。 在[[香港]]，常見的冬青有梅葉冬青、灰冬青、榕葉冬青、細花冬青、廣東冬青、及大葉冬青（苦丁茶）等。可提煉[[冬青油]]，供消腫、止痛。冬青樹矮小結實，與地面緊密連結，冬青的味道讓人非常熟悉，是酸痛貼布的味道，香氣的滲透力十分強大。
葉互生，革質。春季開花。中國冬青樹原產於[[長江下游]]各省，常見於[[寧波]]、[[杭州]]、[[南京]]等地。 在[[香港]]，常見的冬青有梅葉冬青、灰冬青、榕葉冬青、細花冬青、廣東冬青、及大葉冬青（苦丁茶）等。


== 分類 ==
==下属物种==
本属包括以下物种：<ref>{{cite web |title=Ilex L.L. |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/10792217 |website=GBIF |accessdate=2023-02-15 |archive-date=2022-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108162745/https://www.gbif.org/species/10792217 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* ''Ilex aculeolata'' - [[满树星]]
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
* ''Ilex ambigua'' - [[Sand Holly]]
||Ilex abscondita |Steyerm.
* ''Ilex amelanchier'' - [[Swamp Holly]]
|满树星 |Ilex aculeolata |Nakai
* ''Ilex anomala'' - [[鳥不宿]]
||Ilex acutangula |Nees
* ''Ilex asprella'' - [[称星树]]
||Ilex acutidenticulata |Steyerm.
* ''Ilex aquifolium'' - [[歐洲冬青]]（聖誕樹）
||Ilex aequitoriensis |Loes.
* ''Ilex bioritsensis'' - [[刺叶冬青]]
||Ilex aestivalis |Buchanan et al.
* ''Ilex buergeri''
||Ilex affinis |Gardner
* ''Ilex canariensis'' - [[Small-leaved Holly]]
||Ilex affinis |Lesquereux, 1871
* ''Ilex cassine'' - [[卡氏冬青]]
||Ilex aggregata |(Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.
* ''Ilex centrochinensis''
||Ilex alteclerensis |(Loudon) Dallim.
* ''Ilex ciliospinosa''
||Ilex altiplana |Steyerm.
* ''Ilex championii'' - [[凹叶冬青]]
||Ilex amazonensis |Edwin
* ''Ilex chinensis'' - '''冬青'''
||Ilex ambigua |(Michx.) Elliott
* ''Ilex colchica''
||Ilex amboyensis |Berry, 1909
* ''Ilex collina''
||Ilex amelanchier |M.A.Curtis ex Chapm.
* ''Ilex corallina''
||Ilex ampla |I.M.Johnst.
* ''Ilex coriacea'' - [[Gallberry]]
||Ilex amplifolia |Rusby
* ''Ilex cornuta'' - [[中國冬青]]
||Ilex amygdalina |Reissek
* ''Ilex crenata'' - [[日本冬青]]（齿叶冬青）
* ''Ilex cyrtura''
||Ilex andicola |Loes.
|棱枝冬青 |Ilex angulata |Merr. & Chun
* ''Ilex decidua'' - [[落葉冬青]]
||Ilex angustissima |Reissek
* ''Ilex dehongensis''
||Ilex annamensis |Tardieu
* ''Ilex dimorphophylla''
||Ilex anodonta |Standl. & Steyerm.
* ''Ilex dipyrena'' -
|鳥不宿 |Ilex anomala |Hook. & Arn.
* ''Ilex fargesii''
||Ilex anonoides |Loesner
* ''Ilex geniculata''
||Ilex antiquorum |Doweld, 2022
* ''Ilex georgei''
||Ilex antonii |Elmer
* ''Ilex glabra'' - [[Gallberry]], Inkberry
||Ilex apicidens |N.E.Br.
* ''Ilex goshiensis''
||Ilex apiculata |Merr.
* ''Ilex graciliflora'' [[纤花冬青]]，細花冬青
||Ilex apiensis |S.Andrews
* ''Ilex guayusa''
|歐洲冬青 |Ilex aquifolium |L.，聖誕樹
* ''Ilex integra'' - [[全緣冬青]]
||Ilex aracamuniana |Steyerm.
* ''Ilex intricata''
||Ilex archboldiana |Merr. & Perry
* ''Ilex kingiana''
||Ilex archeri |Edwin
* ''Ilex kudingcha'' - [[苦丁茶冬青]]
||Ilex ardisiaefrons |Reissek, 1861
* ''Ilex kusanoi'' - [[草野氏冬青]]
||Ilex ardisiifrons |Reissek
* ''Ilex laevigata''
||Ilex argentina |Lillo
* ''Ilex latifolia'' - [[大葉冬青]]
||Ilex arimensis |(Loes.) Britton ex R.O.Williams
* ''Ilex leucoclada''
|阿里山冬青 |Ilex arisanensis |Yamam.
* ''Ilex longipes''
||Ilex armata |Lesquereux, 1891
* ''Ilex macrocarpa''
||Ilex arnhemensis |(F.Muell.) Loes.
* ''Ilex macropoda''
* ''Ilex mitis''
||Ilex asperula |Mart.
||Ilex asperula |Mart. ex Reissek
* ''Ilex montana'' - [[Mountain Winterberry]]
|称星树 |Ilex asprella |(Hook. & Arn.) Champ. ex Benth.
* ''Ilex mucronata'' - [[Mountain Holly]]
||Ilex atabapoensis |T.R.Dudley
* ''Ilex myrtifolia'' - [[Myrtle Holly]]
|黑果冬青 |Ilex atrata |W.W.Sm.
* ''Ilex nothofagifolia''
||Ilex auricula |S.Andrews
* ''Ilex opaca'' - [[American Holly]]
|两广冬青 |Ilex austrosinensis |C.J.Tseng
* ''Ilex paraguariensis'' - [[巴拉圭冬青]]
* ''Ilex pedunculosa''
||Ilex azuensis |Loes.
||Ilex baasiana |B.C.Stone & Kiew
* ''Ilex perado'' - [[Madeiran Holly]]
||Ilex bahiahondica |(Loes.) P.A.González
* ''Ilex pernyi'' - [[Perny's Holly]]
||Ilex barahonica |Loes.
* ''Ilex pringlei''
||Ilex bartlettii |Merr.
* ''Ilex pubescens'' - [[毛冬青]]
||Ilex belizensis |Lundell
* ''Ilex purpurea''
||Ilex berteroi |Loes. ex Urb.
* ''Ilex rotunda'' - [[鐵冬青]]
||Ilex bessonii |hort. ex Lavallée, 1877
* ''Ilex rugosa''
|双齿冬青 |Ilex bidens |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
* ''Ilex serrata'' - [[Japanese Winterberry]]
||Ilex bidoupensis |Yahara & Tagane
* ''Ilex sikkimensis''
|刺叶冬青 |Ilex bioritsensis |Hayata
* ''Ilex spinigera''
||Ilex biserrulata |Loes.
* ''Ilex sugerokii''
||Ilex blancheana |Judd
* ''Ilex szechwanensis'' - [[四川冬青]]
||Ilex blanchetii |Loes.
* ''Ilex taiwanicola'' - [[台灣冬青]]
||Ilex bogorensis |Loes.
* ''Ilex tolucana''
||Ilex boliviana |Britton ex Rusby
* ''[[Ilex verticillata]]'' - [[加拿大冬青]]
||Ilex borealis |Heer, 1883
* ''Ilex vomitoria'' - [[代茶冬青]]
||Ilex borneensis |Loes.
* ''Ilex wilsonii''
|短叶冬青 |Ilex brachyphylla |(Hand.-Mazz.) S.Y.Hu
* ''Ilex yunnanensis''
||Ilex brachypliylla |(Hand.-Mazz.) S.Y.Hu
||Ilex brandegeeana |Loes.
||Ilex brasiliensis |(Spreng.) Loes.
||Ilex brassii |Merr. & Perry
||Ilex breddinii |(Weyland) Doweld, 2022
||Ilex brevicuspis |Reissek
||Ilex brevipedicellata |Steyerm.
|短梗冬青 |Ilex buergeri |Miq.
||Ilex bullata |Cuatrec.
||Ilex buxifolia |Gardner
|黄杨冬青 |Ilex buxoides |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex calcicola |W.B.Liao & K.W.Xu
||Ilex california |Brandegee
||Ilex calvertensis |Berry, 1916
||Ilex canariensis |Poir.
||Ilex canliflora |H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex cardonae |Steyerm.
||Ilex caroliniana |Loes., 1891
||Ilex casiquiarensis |Loes.
|卡氏冬青 |Ilex cassine |L.
||Ilex cassine |Walter, 1788
||Ilex cassine |Willd., 1804
|茎花冬青 |Ilex cauliflora |H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex celebensis |Capit.
||Ilex celebesiaca |Loes.
|华中枸骨 |Ilex centrochinensis |S.Y.Hu, 1949
||Ilex cerasifolia |Reissek
|矮杨梅冬青 |Ilex chamaebuxus |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex chamaedryfolia |Reissek
||Ilex championiae |Loes.
|凹叶冬青 |Ilex championii |Loes.
|沙坝冬青 |Ilex chapaensis |Merr.
|纸叶冬青 |Ilex chartacifolia |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex chengbuensis |C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin
|城口冬青 |Ilex chengkouensis |C.J.Tseng
|龙陵冬青 |Ilex cheniana |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex chevalieri |Tardieu
||Ilex chimantaensis |T.R.Dudley
|冬青 |Ilex chinensis |Sims
|滇缅冬青 |Ilex chingiana |Hu & Tang
||Ilex chiriquensis |Standl.
||Ilex christalensis |Loes., 1923
||Ilex chuguangii |M.M.Lin
|铁仔冬青 |Ilex chuniana |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex ciliolata |Steyerm.
|纤齿枸骨 |Ilex ciliospinosa |Loes., 1911
|灰冬青 |Ilex cinerea |Champ. ex Benth.
||Ilex cissoidea |Loes.
||Ilex clemensiae |Heine
||Ilex clementis |Britton & P.Wilson
||Ilex clethriflora |S.Andrews
|越南冬青 |Ilex cochinchinensis |(Lour.) Loes.
||Ilex cognata |Reissek
|黑海枸骨 |Ilex colchica |Pojark.
||Ilex collina |Alexander
||Ilex colombiana |Cuatrec.
||Ilex condensata |Turcz.
||Ilex condorensis |Pierre
|花冬青 |Ilex confertiflora |Merr.
||Ilex congesta |Reissek
||Ilex congonha |Mart. ex Valeton, 1886
||Ilex congonhina |Loes., 1893
||Ilex congonhinha |Loes.
||Ilex conocarpa |Reissek
||Ilex cookii |Britton & P.Wilson
|珊瑚冬青 |Ilex corallina |Franch.
||Ilex coriacea |(Pursh) Chapm.
|中國冬青 |Ilex cornuta |Lindl. & Paxton
||Ilex costaricensis |Donn.Sm.
||Ilex costata |Edwin
||Ilex cowanii |Wurdack
||Ilex crassifolia |Hook.
||Ilex crassifolioides |Loes.
|日本冬青 |Ilex crenata |Thunb.，齿叶冬青
||Ilex cristata |Merr. & Perry
||Ilex cubana |Loes. ex Urb.
||Ilex cuibensis |Reissek
||Ilex culminicola |Steyerm.
|铜光冬青 |Ilex cupreonitens |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex curranii |Merr.
||Ilex cuscoana |Loes., 1908
||Ilex cuthbertii |Small
||Ilex cuzcoana |Loes.
||Ilex cymosa |Blume
|弯尾冬青 |Ilex cyrtura |Merr.
|大别山冬青 |Ilex dabieshanensis |K.Yao & M.B.Deng
||Ilex dakotensis |Lesquereux, 1891
||Ilex danielis |Killip & Cuatrec.
||Ilex daphnogenea |Reissek
|毛枝冬青 |Ilex dasyclada |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
|黄毛冬青 |Ilex dasyphylla |Merr.
||Ilex davidsei |Steyerm.
|落葉冬青 |Ilex decidua |Walter
|德宏冬青 |Ilex dehongensis |S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
|陷脉冬青 |Ilex delavayi |Franch.
||Ilex densifolia |Miq.
|细齿冬青 |Ilex denticulata |Wall.
||Ilex depressifructu |Pruesapan & Welzen
|滇贵冬青 |Ilex dianguiensis |C.J.Tseng
|双果冬青 |Ilex dicarpa |Y.R.Li
||Ilex dictyoneura |Loes.
||Ilex dimorphophylla |Koidz.
||Ilex dioica |(Vahl) Griseb.
||Ilex diospyroides |Reissek
|双核枸骨 |Ilex dipyrena |Wall.
||Ilex discolor |Hemsl.
||Ilex dissimilis |Lesquereux, 1878
||Ilex diuretica |Mart. ex Reissek
||Ilex divaricata |Mart. ex Reissek
|长柄冬青 |Ilex dolichopoda |Merr. & Chun
||Ilex duarteensis |Loes.
||Ilex dugesii |Fernald
||Ilex duidae |Gleason
||Ilex dumosa |Reissek
|龙里冬青 |Ilex dunniana |H.Lév.
|显脉冬青 |Ilex editicostata |Hu & Tang
||Ilex elliptica |Kunth
|厚叶冬青 |Ilex elmerrilliana |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex elongata |Newberry, 1895
||Ilex embelioides |Hook.fil.
||Ilex emmae |D.M.Hicks
||Ilex engleriana |Loes.
||Ilex englishii |Lace
||Ilex eoa |Alain
||Ilex eolignitica |Berry, 1916
||Ilex ericoides |Loes.
|平核冬青 |Ilex estriata |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex eugeniifolia |Pierre
||Ilex euryaeformis |Reissek
|柃叶冬青 |Ilex euryoides |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex excavata |Pierre
|高冬青 |Ilex excelsa |(Wall.) Hook.fil.
||Ilex falsani |Saporta & Marion
||Ilex fanshawei |Edwin
||Ilex farallonensis |Cuatrec.
|狭叶冬青 |Ilex fargesii |Franch.
|凤庆冬青 |Ilex fengqingensis |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
|锈毛冬青 |Ilex ferruginea |Hand.-Mazz.
||Ilex ficifolia |C.J.Tseng
|硬叶冬青 |Ilex ficifolia |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
|榕叶冬青 |Ilex ficoidea |Hemsl.
||Ilex floribunda |Reissek ex Maxim.
||Ilex florifera |Fawc. & Rendle
||Ilex florissantensis |Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919
||Ilex flosparva |Cuatrec.
|台湾冬青 |Ilex formosana |Maxim.
|滇西冬青 |Ilex forrestii |H.F.Comber
|薄叶冬青 |Ilex fragilis |Hook.fil.
|康定冬青 |Ilex franchetiana |Loes.
||Ilex friburgensis |Loes.
||Ilex fruticosa |S.Andrews
||Ilex fuertensiana |(Loes.) T.R.Dudley
||Ilex fuertesiana |(Loes.) T.R.Dudley
||Ilex fukienensis |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex gabinetensis |Cuatrec.
||Ilex gabrielleana |Loizeau & Spichiger
||Ilex gagnepainiana |Tardieu
||Ilex gale |Triana & Planch.
||Ilex gansuensis |D.Y.Hong
||Ilex gardneriana |Wight
||Ilex geniculata |Maxim.
||Ilex geophila |Delamare Deboutteville, 1948
||Ilex georgei |H.F.Comber
||Ilex gibraltarica |Gand.
|景东冬青 |Ilex gingtungensis |H.W.Li
||Ilex glabella |Steyerm.
||Ilex glabra |(L.) A.Gray
||Ilex glaucophylla |Steyerm.
||Ilex glaziouviana |Loes.
||Ilex glaziouvii |Warm.
||Ilex glazioviana |Loes.
||Ilex glazioviana |Loesner
||Ilex gleasoniana |Steyerm.
||Ilex glomerata |King
||Ilex godajam |Colebr.
||Ilex gongonha |(Mart.) Mart.
|海岛冬青 |Ilex goshiensis |Hayata
||Ilex gotardensis |Loizeau & Spichiger
||Ilex goudotii |Loes.
|纤花冬青 |Ilex graciliflora |Champ. ex Benth.，細花冬青
||Ilex grandiflora |Ridl.
||Ilex grandifolia |Lesquereux, 1883
||Ilex grandis |Reissek
||Ilex gransabanensis |Steyerm.
||Ilex guaiquinimae |Steyerm.
|广南冬青 |Ilex guangnanensis |Tseng & Y.R.Li
|广西冬青 |Ilex guangxica |Doweld, 2022
||Ilex guaramacalensis |Cuello & Aymard
||Ilex guayusa |Loes.
||Ilex guerreroi |Merr. ex Elmer
||Ilex guianensis |(Aubl.) Kuntze
|贵州冬青 |Ilex guizhouensis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex gundlachiana |Loes.
||Ilex haberi |(Lundell) W.J.Hahn
||Ilex hahnii |Doweld
||Ilex hainanensis |Merr.
|青茶香 |Ilex hanceana |Maxim.
||Ilex harmandiana |Pierre
||Ilex harrisii |Loes.
||Ilex havilandii |Loes.
|早田氏冬青 |Ilex hayataiana |Loes.，以[[早田文藏]]的姓氏命名
||Ilex hemiepiphytica |W.J.Hahn
||Ilex hexandra |Bello
||Ilex hicksii |I.M.Turner
||Ilex hippocrateoides |Kunth
|硬毛冬青 |Ilex hirsuta |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
||Ilex hirsutilimba |Tardieu
||Ilex holstii |Steyerm.
||Ilex honbaensis |Tardieu
||Ilex hondurensis |Standl.
||Ilex hongiaoensis |Tagane
|贡山冬青 |Ilex hookeri |King
||Ilex huachamacariana |Edwin
||Ilex hualgayoca |Loizeau & Spichiger
||Ilex huberi |J.R.Grande
|秀英冬青 |Ilex huiana |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
||Ilex huiana |C.J.Tseng, 1981
||Ilex hunanensis |C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin
||Ilex huoshanensis |Y.H.He
|细刺枸骨 |Ilex hylonoma |Hu & Tang
||Ilex hypaneura |Loes.
||Ilex hypoglauca |(Miq.) Loes.
||Ilex hyrcana |Pojark.
||Ilex hyreana |Pojark.
||Ilex ignicola |Steyerm.
||Ilex ijuensis |S.Andrews
||Ilex illustris |Ridl.
||Ilex impressa |Ekman & Loes.
||Ilex insignis |Heer, 1869
||Ilex integerrima |(Vell.) Reissek
|全緣冬青 |Ilex integra |Thunb.
||Ilex intermedia |Loes. ex Diels
|错枝冬青 |Ilex intricata |Hook.fil.
||Ilex inundata |Poepp. ex Reissek
||Ilex jacobsii |S.Andrews
||Ilex jamaicana |Proctor
||Ilex jauaensis |Steyerm.
||Ilex jelskii |Zahlbr.
||Ilex jenmanii |Loes.
|江门冬青 |Ilex jiangmenensis |Lei Jiang & K.W.Xu
|蕉岭冬青 |Ilex jiaolingensis |C.J.Tseng & H.H.Liu
||Ilex jingdongensis |H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li
|景宁冬青 |Ilex jingningensis |Z. H. Chen, W. Y. Xie et X. F. Jin<ref>{{cite web |title=浙江冬青属(冬青科) 一新种：景宁冬青 |url=http://www.nsii.org.cn/2017/wikilet.php?w=NewSpecies2023_033 |website=NSII |accessdate=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627113204/http://www.nsii.org.cn/2017/wikilet.php?w=NewSpecies2023_033 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
||Ilex jingxiensis |Y.F.Huang & M.X.Lai
|缙云冬青 |Ilex jinyunensis |Z.M.Tan
|九万山冬青 |Ilex jiuwanshanensis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex julianii |Edwin
||Ilex juttana |Loizeau & Spichiger
||Ilex karstenii |Loes.
||Ilex karuaiana |Steyerm.
|扣树 |Ilex kaushue |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex kelabitana |S.Andrews
||Ilex kelabitiana |S.Andrews, 1998
||Ilex kelsallii |Ridl.
|皱柄冬青 |Ilex kengii |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex keranjiensis |S.Andrews
||Ilex ketambensis |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex khasiana |Purkay.
|江西满树星 |Ilex kiangsiensis |(S.Y.Hu) C.J.Tseng & B.W.Liu
||Ilex kinabaluensis |S.Andrews
||Ilex kingiana |Cockerell
||Ilex knightiaefolia |Lesquereux, 1883
||Ilex knucklesensis |Philcox
|凸脉冬青 |Ilex kobuskiana |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex krugiana |Loes. ex Urb.
|苦丁茶冬青 |Ilex kudingcha |
|昆明冬青 |Ilex kunmingensis |H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex kunthiana |Triana
|草野氏冬青 |Ilex kusanoi |Hayata
|广东冬青 |Ilex kwangtungensis |Merr.
||Ilex laevigata |(Pursh) A.Gray
||Ilex lamprophylla |Standl.
|剑叶冬青 |Ilex lancilimba |Merr.
||Ilex larocerasus |AiryShaw
||Ilex lasseri |Edwin
|大葉冬青 |Ilex latifolia |Thunb. ex A.Murray
||Ilex latifrons |Chun
||Ilex laureola |Triana & Planch.
||Ilex laurina |Kunth
||Ilex laurocensus |AiryShaw
||Ilex laurocerasus |Airy Shaw
||Ilex leonis |Cockerell, 1906
||Ilex leucoclada |Makino
|毛核冬青 |Ilex liana |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex liangii |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex liebmannii |Standl.
||Ilex liesneri |Steyerm.
|溪畔冬青 |Ilex lihuaensis |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex lihuaiensis |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex lilianeae |Loizeau & Spichiger
||Ilex limae |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex limii |C.J.Tseng
|木姜冬青 |Ilex litseifolia |Hu & Tang
||Ilex liukiuensis |Loes.
||Ilex loeseneri |Tardieu
||Ilex lohfauensis |Merr.
|长尾冬青 |Ilex longecaudata |H.F.Comber
||Ilex longicaudata |Comber
|喬治亞冬青 |Ilex longipes |Chapm. ex Trel.
||Ilex longipetiolata |Loes.
||Ilex longipilosa |Steyerm.
|龙州冬青 |Ilex longzhouensis |C.J.Tseng
|忍冬叶冬青 |Ilex lonicerifolia |Hayata
||Ilex loranthoides |Mart. ex Reissek
||Ilex loretoica |Loes.
|鲁甸冬青 |Ilex ludianensis |S.C.Huang ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex lundii |Warm.
||Ilex maasiana |Loizeau & Spichiger
||Ilex macarenensis |Cuatrec.
||Ilex macbrideana |Edwin, 1965
||Ilex macfadyenii |(Walp.) Rehder
|楠叶冬青 |Ilex machilifolia |H.W.Li
||Ilex machilifolia |H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex maclurei |Merr.
|大果冬青 |Ilex macrocarpa |Oliv.
|大柄冬青 |Ilex macropoda |Miq.
|大柱头冬青 |Ilex macrostigma |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex maculata |Lesquereux, 1883
||Ilex magnifolia |Cuatrec.
||Ilex magnifructa |Edwin
||Ilex maguirei |Wurdack
||Ilex maigualidensis |J.R.Grande
||Ilex maingayi |Hook.fil.
||Ilex malabarica |Bedd.
||Ilex malaccensis |Loes.
||Ilex malaovensis |Loes.
|乳头冬青 |Ilex mamillata |C. Y. Wu ex C. J. Tseng
||Ilex mandonii |Loes.
||Ilex manitzii |P.A.González
|红河冬青 |Ilex manneiensis |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex marahuacae |Steyerm.
||Ilex marginata |Edwin
|麻栗坡冬青 |Ilex marlipoensis |H.W.Li
||Ilex martiniana |D.Don ex Lamb.
||Ilex masoni |(Lesquereux, 1891)
||Ilex matangicola |Loes.
||Ilex matanoana |Makino
||Ilex matudae |Standl. ex Edwin
||Ilex matudai |Standl. ex Edwin
||Ilex maxima |W.J.Hahn
||Ilex maximowicziana |Loes.
|墨脱冬青 |Ilex medogensis |Y.R.Li
||Ilex megaphylla |S.Andrews
||Ilex melanophylla |H.T.Chang
||Ilex melanotricha |Merr.
||Ilex memecylifolia |Champ. ex Benth.
||Ilex mertensii |Maxim.
||Ilex meserveae |S.Y.Hy
||Ilex mesilauensis |S.Andrews
|河滩冬青 |Ilex metabaptista |Loes. ex Diels
||Ilex micrantha |Triana & Planch.
|小果冬青 |Ilex micrococca |Maxim.
||Ilex microdonta |Reissek
||Ilex microphylla |Hook.
||Ilex microphylla |Newb.
||Ilex microphylla |Spreng. ex DC., 1825
||Ilex microphyllina |Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919
|小核冬青 |Ilex micropyrena |C.Y.Wu
||Ilex micropyrena |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex microsticta |Loes.
||Ilex microstricta |Loes.
||Ilex microthyrsa |Loes. ex Elmer
||Ilex microwrightioides |Loes.
|米谷冬青 |Ilex miguensis |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex mitis |(L.) Radlk.
||Ilex montana |Torr. & A.Gray
||Ilex montebellensis |Lozada-Pérez
||Ilex monticola |A.Gray ex Dieck
||Ilex mucronata |(L.) M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews
||Ilex mucronulata |Cuatrec.
||Ilex mucugensis |Groppo
||Ilex myricina |Doweld, 2022
||Ilex myricoides |Kunth
||Ilex myrtifolia |Lam.
||Ilex myrtillus |Ridl.
|南川冬青 |Ilex nanchuanensis |Z.M.Tan
|南宁冬青 |Ilex nanningensis |Hand.-Mazz.
|南平冬青 |Ilex nanpingensis |G. S. He<ref name=nsii/>
||Ilex nayana |Cuatrec.
||Ilex neblinensis |Edwin
||Ilex nemorosa |Rizzini
||Ilex neocaledonica |Maxim.
||Ilex neogracilis |I.M.Turner
||Ilex neomamillata |I.M.Turner
||Ilex neoreticulata |I.M.Turner
||Ilex nervosa |Triana & Planch.
||Ilex nervulosa |(Loes.) S.Andrews
||Ilex nigropunctata |Miers
|宁德冬青 |Ilex ningdeensis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex nipponica |Makino
||Ilex nitida |(Vahl) Maxim.
|亮叶冬青 |Ilex nitidissima |C.J.Tseng
|小圆叶冬青 |Ilex nothofagifolia |Kingdon-Ward
||Ilex nothophoeboides |I.M.Turner
|云中冬青 |Ilex nubicola |C.Y.Wu
||Ilex nubicola |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
|洼皮冬青 |Ilex nuculicava |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex nummularia |Reissek
||Ilex obcordata |Sw.
||Ilex oblonga |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex obtusata |(Turcz.) Triana & Planch.
|粤桂冬青 |Ilex occulta |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex odorata |Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
||Ilex oligodonta |Merr. & Chun
||Ilex oligoneura |Loes.
||Ilex oliveriana |Loes.
||Ilex omeiensis |Hu & Tang
|峨眉冬青 |Ilex omeiensis |S.Y.Hu, 1946
|美國冬青 |Ilex opaca |Soland ex Aiton
||Ilex oppositifolia |Merr.
||Ilex organensis |Loes.
||Ilex ovalifolia |G.Mey.
||Ilex ovalis |(Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.
||Ilex pachyphylla |Merr.
||Ilex palawanica |Loes. ex Elmer
||Ilex pallida |Standl.
||Ilex paltoria |Kunth
||Ilex paltorioides |Reissek
||Ilex papillosa |Lesquereux, 1891
|巴拉圭冬青 |Ilex paraguariensis |A.St.-Hil.
||Ilex paraguensis |A.St.-Hil., 1822
||Ilex paruensis |Steyerm.
||Ilex parvifructa |Edwin
||Ilex patens |Ridl.
||Ilex pauciflora |Ridl.
||Ilex paucinervia |Merr.
||Ilex paujiensis |Steyerm.
||Ilex pavonii |Loes., 1901
||Ilex pedunculosa |Miq.
|上思冬青 |Ilex peiradena |S.Y.Hu
|五棱苦丁茶 |Ilex pentagona |S.K.Chen, Y.X.Feng & C.F.Liang
||Ilex perado |Sol. ex Aiton
|巨叶冬青 |Ilex perlata |C.Chen & S.C.Huang ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex permicrophylla |Merr.
||Ilex pernervata |Cuatrec.
||Ilex pernyi |Franch.
||Ilex perryana |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex petiolaris |Benth.
||Ilex phanganensis |Pruesapan & Welzen
||Ilex phillyreaefolia |Reissek
||Ilex phillyreifolia |Reissek
||Ilex phyllyreaefolia |hort. ex Decne.
|平和冬青 |Ilex pingheensis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex pingnanensis |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex poiensis |S.Andrews
||Ilex poilanei |Tardieu
||Ilex polita |Steyerm.
|多脉冬青 |Ilex polyneura |(Hand.-Mazz.) S. Y. Hu
|多核冬青 |Ilex polypyrena |C.J.Tseng & B.W.Liu
||Ilex praetermissa |Kiew
||Ilex promecophylla |S.Andrews
||Ilex prostrata |Groppo
||Ilex prunifolia |Lesquereux, 1878
||Ilex psammophila |Mart. ex Reissek
||Ilex pseudobuxus |Reissek
||Ilex pseudoebenacea |Loes.
||Ilex pseudoembelioides |Loes.
||Ilex pseudomachilifolia |C.Y.Wu
||Ilex pseudomachilifolia |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex pseudomacoucoa |Loes., 1933
||Ilex pseudoodorata |Loes.
||Ilex pseudostenophylla |Lesquereux, 1883
||Ilex pseudotheezans |Loes.
||Ilex pseudoumbelliformis |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex pseudovaccinium |Reissek ex Maxim.
||Ilex ptariana |Steyerm.
|毛冬青 |Ilex pubescens |Hook. & Arn.
||Ilex pubifructa |Pruesapan, S.Andrews & D.A.Simpson
|有毛冬青 |Ilex pubigera |(C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li) S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
|毛叶冬青 |Ilex pubilimba |Merr. & Chun
|点叶冬青 |Ilex punctatilimba |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex pustulosa |Triana & Planch.
|梨叶冬青 |Ilex pyrifolia |C.J.Tseng
|黔灵山冬青 |Ilex qianlingshanensis |C.J.Tseng
|庆元冬青 |Ilex qingyuanensis |C.Z.Zheng
||Ilex quercetorum |I.M.Johnst.
||Ilex quitensis |(Willd. ex Schult.) Loes.
|拉拉山冬青 |Ilex rarasanensis |Sasaki
||Ilex renae |S.Andrews
|网脉冬青 |Ilex reticulata |C. J. Tseng
||Ilex retusa |Klotzsch
|微凹冬青 |Ilex retusifolia |S.Y.Hu
|卷边冬青 |Ilex revoluta |Stapf
||Ilex rimbachii |Standl.
|粗枝冬青 |Ilex robusta |C.J.Tseng
|粗脉冬青 |Ilex robustinervosa |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
||Ilex rockii |S.Y.Hu
|鐵冬青 |Ilex rotunda |Thunb.
||Ilex rubra |S.Watson
||Ilex rubrinervia |Tardieu
||Ilex rugosa |F.Schmidt
||Ilex rugulosa |Huber
||Ilex rugulosa |Huber ex Ducke
||Ilex rupicola |Kunth
||Ilex salicina |Hand.-Mazz.
||Ilex sanqingshanensis |W.B.Liao, Q.Fan & S.Shi
||Ilex sapiiformis |Reissek
||Ilex sapotifolia |Reissek
||Ilex sarawaccensis |Loes.
||Ilex savannarum |Wurdack
||Ilex saxicola |C.J.Tseng & H.H.Liu
||Ilex scabridula |Merr. & Perry
||Ilex schlechteri |Loes.
||Ilex schwackeana |Loes.
||Ilex sclerophylla |Hook.fil.
||Ilex sclerophylloides |Loes.
||Ilex scopulorum |Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult., 1827
||Ilex scopulorum |Kunth
||Ilex scudderi |Lesquereux, 1891
||Ilex scutiiformis |Reissek
||Ilex sebertii |Pancher
||Ilex sellowii |Loes.
|落霜红 |Ilex serrata |Thunb.
||Ilex servinii |E.Carranza
||Ilex sessiliflora |Triana & Planch.
||Ilex sessilifructa |Edwin
||Ilex severnensis |Berry, 1911
|神农架冬青 |Ilex shennongjiaensis |T.R.Dudley & S.C.Sun
|石枚冬青 |Ilex shimeica |K.F.Kwok
||Ilex shukunii |Y.Yang & H.Peng
||Ilex shweliensis |H.F.Comber
||Ilex sideroxyloides |(Sw.) Griseb.
|锡金冬青 |Ilex sikkimensis |Kurz
|中华冬青 |Ilex sinica |(Loes.) S.Y.Hu
||Ilex sipapoana |Edwin
||Ilex skutchii |Edwin ex T.R.Dudley & W.J.Hahn
||Ilex socorroensis |Brandegee
||Ilex soderstromii |Edwin
||Ilex solida |Edwin
||Ilex sorbitis |Reissek, 1861
||Ilex sphenophylla |Heer, 1873
||Ilex spicata |Blume
||Ilex spinulosa |Cuatrec.
||Ilex spruceana |Reissek
||Ilex stellata |W.J.Hahn
||Ilex stenocarpa |Pojark.
||Ilex stenura |(Merr. & L.M.Perry) D.M.Hicks
||Ilex sterrophylla |Merr. & Chun
|黔桂冬青 |Ilex stewardii |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex steyermarkii |Edwin
||Ilex strangulata |Lesquereux, 1875
|粗毛冬青 |Ilex strigillosa |T.R.Dudley
|香冬青 |Ilex suaveolens |(H.Lév.) Loes.
||Ilex subcaudata |Merr. ex Elmer
||Ilex subcordata |Reissek
|薄革叶冬青 |Ilex subcoriacea |Z.M.Tan
|拟钝齿冬青 |Ilex subcrenata |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex subdenticulata |Lesquereux, 1873
||Ilex suber |Loes.
||Ilex subficoidea |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex sublongecaudata |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex sublongecaudata |C.J.Tseng & S.Liu ex Y.R.Li
|微香冬青 |Ilex subodorata |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex subrotunda |Doweld, 2019
||Ilex subrotundifolia |Steyerm.
||Ilex subrugosa |Loes.
||Ilex subtriflora |Griseb. ex Loes.
||Ilex subtriflora |Griseb., 1892
|太平山冬青 |Ilex sugerokii |Maxim.
|遂昌冬青 |Ilex suichangensis |C.Z.Zheng
||Ilex sulcata |Wall., 1831
|苏门答腊冬青 |Ilex sumatrana |Loes.
||Ilex summa |Steyerm.
||Ilex suprema |Cuatrec.
|铃木冬青 |Ilex suzukii |S.Y.Hu
|合核冬青 |Ilex synpyrena |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex syzygiophylla |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
|四川冬青 |Ilex szechwanensis |Loes.
||Ilex tadiandamolensis |Kesh.Murthy, Yogan. & K.V.Nair
||Ilex tahanensis |Kiew
|泰宁冬青 |Ilex tainingensis |G. S. He<ref name=nsii>{{cite web |title=福建冬青属二新种 |url=http://www.nsii.org.cn/2017/wikilet.php?w=NewSpecies2019_012 |website=NSII |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217063354/http://www.nsii.org.cn/2017/wikilet.php?w=NewSpecies2019_012 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|台灣冬青 |Ilex taiwanicola |
||Ilex tamii |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex tarapotina |Loes.
||Ilex tateana |Steyerm.
||Ilex taubertiana |Loes.
||Ilex tectonica |W.J.Hahn
|薄核冬青 |Ilex tenuis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex tepuiana |Steyerm. ex Edwin
||Ilex teratopis |Loes.
||Ilex teratopos |Loes.
||Ilex teratopsis |Loes., 1901
||Ilex ternatiflora |(C.H.Wright) R.A.Howard
|灰叶冬青 |Ilex tetramera |(Rehder) C.J.Tseng
||Ilex theezans |Mart.
||Ilex theizans |Mart. ex Reissek
||Ilex thyrsiflora |Klotzsch
||Ilex tiricae |Edwin
||Ilex tonii |Lundell
||Ilex tonkinensis |Pierre
||Ilex toroidea |D.M.Hicks
||Ilex trachyphylla |Loes.
|毛果冬青 |Ilex trichocarpa |H.W.Li
||Ilex trichocarpa |H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li
||Ilex trichoclada |Loes.
||Ilex trichothyrsa |Loes.
|三花冬青 |Ilex triflora |Blume
||Ilex truxillensis |Turcz.
|细枝冬青 |Ilex tsangii |S.Y.Hu
|蒋英冬青 |Ilex tsiangiana |C.J.Tseng，以植物学家[[蒋英]]的名字命名
|紫果冬青 |Ilex tsoi |Merr. & Chun
||Ilex tsugitakayamensis |Sasaki
|罗浮冬青 |Ilex tutcheri |Merr.
||Ilex uaramae |Edwin
||Ilex uleana |Loes.
||Ilex umbellata |Klotzsch ex Reissek
|伞序冬青 |Ilex umbellulata |(Wall.) Loes.
||Ilex uniflora |Benth.
|乌来冬青 |Ilex uraiensis |Yamam.
||Ilex urbaniana |Loes. ex Urb.
||Ilex urceolatus |C.B.Shang, K.S.Tang & D.Q.Du
||Ilex vacciniifolia |Klotzsch
||Ilex vaccinoides |Loes.
||Ilex valenzuelana |Alain
||Ilex velutina |Mart. ex Reissek
||Ilex velutinulosa |Cuatrec.
|委内瑞拉冬青 |Ilex venezuelensis |Steyerm.
|细脉冬青 |Ilex venosa |C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li
|微脉冬青 |Ilex venulosa |Hook.fil.
||Ilex venusta |H.Peng & W.B.Liao
|湿生冬青 |Ilex verisimilis |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
||Ilex versteeghii |Merr. & Perry
|加拿大冬青 |Ilex verticillata |(L.) A.Gray
||Ilex vesparum |Steyerm.
||Ilex victorinii |Alain
||Ilex vietnamensis |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex villosula |Loes.
||Ilex virgata |Loes.
|绿冬青 |Ilex viridis |Champ. ex Benth.
||Ilex vismiifolia |Reissek
||Ilex vitiensis |A.Gray
||Ilex vitis |
||Ilex vitis-idaea |Loes.
||Ilex vixmiaefolia |Reissek
||Ilex vixmifolia |Reissek
||Ilex volkensiana |(Loes.) Kaneh. & Hatus.
|代茶冬青 |Ilex vomitoria |Sol. ex Aiton
||Ilex vomitoriafolia |Berry, 1916
||Ilex vulcanicola |Standl.
||Ilex walkeri |Wight & Gardner ex Thwaites
||Ilex wallichii |Hook.
|假枝冬青 |Ilex wangiana |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex warburgii |Loes.
||Ilex wardii |Merr.
||Ilex wattii |Loes.
||Ilex weberlingii |Loizeau & Spichiger
|温州冬青 |Ilex wenchowensis |S.Y.Hu
||Ilex wenzelii |Merr.
||Ilex wightiana |Wall.
||Ilex williamsii |Standl.
|尾叶冬青 |Ilex wilsonii |Loes.
||Ilex wuana |T.R.Dudley
|武功山冬青 |Ilex wugonshanensis |C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng
|征镒冬青 |Ilex wuiana |T.R.Dudley，以[[吴征镒]]的姓氏命名
||Ilex wurdackiana |Steyerm.
||Ilex wyomingiana |Lesquereux, 1878
|小金冬青 |Ilex xiaojinensis |Y.Q.Wang & P.Y.Chen
|西藏冬青 |Ilex xizangensis |Y.R.Li
|阳春冬青 |Ilex yangchunensis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex yanlingensis |C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin
|独龙冬青 |Ilex yuiana |S.Y.Hu
|云南冬青 |Ilex yunnanensis |Franch.
||Ilex yurumanguinis |Cuatrec.
||Ilex yutajensis |Wurdack
||Ilex zeylanica |Maxim.
|浙江冬青 |Ilex zhejiangensis |C.J.Tseng
||Ilex zippeliana |T.R.Dudley
||Ilex zygophylla |Merr.
}}
;杂交种：
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
||Ilex ×aquipernyi |Gable ex Whittem.
||Ilex ×attenuata |Ashe
||Ilex ×kiusiana |Hatus.
||Ilex ×makinoi |Hara
||Ilex ×owariensis |Hatus. & M.Kobay.
||Ilex ×wandoensis |C.F.Mill. & M.Kim
}}


==參考資料==
==參考資料==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=116366 eFlora]


==外部連結==
==外部連結==
{{Commonscat|Ilex}}
{{Commonscat|Ilex}}
* [http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=116366 eFlora] {{Wayback|url=http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=116366 |date=20201116203214 }}
*{{wikispecies-inline|Ilex}}

== 延伸阅读 ==
{{Wikisource further reading}}

{{Taxonbar}}
{{Taxonbar}}
[[Category:藥用植物|藤]]
[[Category:藥用植物|藤]]
[[Category:冬青科|D]]
[[Category:冬青科|D]]
[[Category:聖誕節|D]]
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[[Category:冬青属|D]]
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[[Category:1753年描述的分类群|D]]

2024年3月5日 (二) 09:55的最新版本

此条目的主題是冬青科冬青属植物。关于又名“冬青”的木樨科女贞属植物，請見「女貞」。

冬青屬
歐洲冬青繪圖
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 菊类植物 Asterids
目： 冬青目 Aquifoliales
科： 冬青科 Aquifoliaceae
属： 冬青屬 Ilex
Tourn. ex L., 1753
種

約400種，詳見內文。

異名
  • Ageria Rafinesque, 1838
  • Iliciodes Kuntze, 1891
日本冬青（Ilex crenata）。
鐵冬青（Ilex rotunda）。
大葉冬青（Ilex latifolia）。
维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。

冬青属（学名：Ilex）是冬青科開花植物的唯一一屬，本屬約有400個物種，高度約2到25公尺，有些是喬木，有些是灌木。廣泛分佈於亞洲、歐洲、非洲北部、北美洲與南美洲。冬青的葉堅挺有光澤，漿果鮮紅色，簇附枝上。有些冬青樹品種也稱為聖誕樹。漿果有毒性，會引起嘔吐、腹瀉。用於提煉冬青油的種類並非冬青，而是杜鵑花科的白珠樹（Gaultheria procumbens）。

特徵

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葉互生，革質。春季開花。中國冬青樹原產於長江下游各省，常見於寧波、杭州、南京等地。 在香港，常見的冬青有梅葉冬青、灰冬青、榕葉冬青、細花冬青、廣東冬青、及大葉冬青（苦丁茶）等。

下属物种

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本属包括以下物种：[1]

杂交种：

參考資料

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  1. ^ Ilex L.L.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）. 
  2. ^ 浙江冬青属(冬青科) 一新种：景宁冬青. NSII. [2023-06-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-27）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 福建冬青属二新种. NSII. [2023-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-17）. 

外部連結

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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：冬青

延伸阅读

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[在维基数据编辑]

维基文库中的相关文本： 《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·冬青部》，出自陈梦雷《古今圖書集成》
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=冬青&oldid=81782030”