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婴儿潮世代：修订间差异

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'''婴儿潮一代'''（{{lang-en|baby boomers}}，常简称为{{lang|en|boomers}}）是{{le|沉默一代|Silent Generation}}之后、[[X世代]]之前的一代[[人口学|人口]]群体，通常指1946年至1964年之间出生的一代人，当时正值20世纪中期的[[婴儿潮]]时期。<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sheehan|first=Paul|title=Greed of boomers led us to a total bust|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/greed-of-boomers-led-us-to-a-total-bust-20110925-1krki.html|accessdate=21 May 2019|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=26 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521015111/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/greed-of-boomers-led-us-to-a-total-bust-20110925-1krki.html?js-chunk-not-found-refresh=true|archivedate=21 May 2019}}</ref>不同国家这一代人的具体时间、人口背景和文化特征可能有所不同。<ref>{{Cite book|last=Owram|first=Doug|title=Born at the Right Time|date=1997-12-31|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-5710-6|location=Toronto|doi=10.3138/9781442657106}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Little |first=Bruce |last2=Foot |first2=David K. |last3=Stoffman |first3=Daniel |date=1998 |title=Boom, Bust & Echo: How to Profit from the Coming Demographic Shift |journal=Foreign Policy |issue=113 |page=110 |doi=10.2307/1149238 |issn=0015-7228 |jstor=1149238}}</ref><ref name="Salt2004">{{Cite book|last=Salt|first=Bernard|title=The Big Shift|year=2004|location=South Yarra, Victoria|publisher=Hardie Grant Books|isbn=978-1-74066-188-1}}</ref><ref name="Delaunay-2019">{{Cite book|last=Delaunay, Michèle [VNV]|title=Le fabuleux destin des baby-boomers|year=2019|isbn=978-2-259-28062-4|location=Paris|oclc=1134671847}}</ref>婴儿潮在西方常被形容为“冲击波”（{{lang|en|shockwave}}）<ref name="Owram1997x">{{Cite book|last=Owram|first=Doug|year=1997|title=Born at the Right Time|isbn=978-0-8020-8086-8|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|page=[https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/ x]|url=https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/}}</ref>和“蟒蛇腹中的猪”（{{lang|en|the pig in the python}}）。<ref name="Jones1980">{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Landon|year=1980|title=Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation|publisher=Coward, McCann and Geoghegan|location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author-link=Paul Krugman|last=Krugman|first=Paul|date=21 June 2000|title=Opinion {{!}} Reckonings; The Pig in the Python|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/21/opinion/reckonings-the-pig-in-the-python.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424215015/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/21/opinion/reckonings-the-pig-in-the-python.html|archive-date=April 24, 2021|access-date=24 April 2021|website=The New York Times}}</ref>多数婴儿潮一代的父母属于{{le|最伟大的一代|Greatest Generation}}或沉默一代，他们的子女则通常是X世代或[[Y世代]]。<ref name="RebeccaLeung">{{Cite news|author=Rebecca Leung|date=4 September 2005|title=The Echo Boomers – 60 Minutes|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/10/01/60minutes/main646890.shtml|accessdate=24 August 2010|archivedate=November 4, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104142419/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/10/01/60minutes/main646890.shtml}}</ref>
'''婴儿潮世代'''（{{lang-en|baby boomers}}，常简称为{{lang|en|boomers}}）是{{le|沉默世代|Silent Generation}}之后、[[X世代]]之前的一代[[人口学|人口]]群体，通常指1946年至1964年之间出生的一代人，当时正值20世纪中期的[[婴儿潮]]时期。<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sheehan|first=Paul|title=Greed of boomers led us to a total bust|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/greed-of-boomers-led-us-to-a-total-bust-20110925-1krki.html|accessdate=21 May 2019|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=26 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521015111/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/greed-of-boomers-led-us-to-a-total-bust-20110925-1krki.html?js-chunk-not-found-refresh=true|archivedate=21 May 2019}}</ref>不同国家这一代人的具体时间、人口背景和文化特征可能有所不同。<ref>{{Cite book|last=Owram|first=Doug|title=Born at the Right Time|date=1997-12-31|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-5710-6|location=Toronto|doi=10.3138/9781442657106}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Little |first=Bruce |last2=Foot |first2=David K. |last3=Stoffman |first3=Daniel |date=1998 |title=Boom, Bust & Echo: How to Profit from the Coming Demographic Shift |url=https://archive.org/details/boombustecho20000000foot |journal=Foreign Policy |issue=113 |page=[https://archive.org/details/boombustecho20000000foot/page/110 110] |doi=10.2307/1149238 |issn=0015-7228 |jstor=1149238}}</ref><ref name="Salt2004">{{Cite book|last=Salt|first=Bernard|title=The Big Shift|year=2004|location=South Yarra, Victoria|publisher=Hardie Grant Books|isbn=978-1-74066-188-1}}</ref><ref name="Delaunay-2019">{{Cite book|last=Delaunay, Michèle [VNV]|title=Le fabuleux destin des baby-boomers|year=2019|isbn=978-2-259-28062-4|location=Paris|oclc=1134671847}}</ref>婴儿潮在西方常被形容为“冲击波”（{{lang|en|shockwave}}）<ref name="Owram1997x">{{Cite book|last=Owram|first=Doug|year=1997|title=Born at the Right Time|isbn=978-0-8020-8086-8|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|page=[https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/ x]|url=https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/}}</ref>和“蟒蛇腹中的猪”（{{lang|en|the pig in the python}}）。<ref name="Jones1980">{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Landon|year=1980|title=Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation|url=https://archive.org/details/greatexpectation0000jone_t1h3|publisher=Coward, McCann and Geoghegan|location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author-link=Paul Krugman|last=Krugman|first=Paul|date=21 June 2000|title=Opinion {{!}} Reckonings; The Pig in the Python|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/21/opinion/reckonings-the-pig-in-the-python.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424215015/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/21/opinion/reckonings-the-pig-in-the-python.html|archive-date=April 24, 2021|access-date=24 April 2021|website=The New York Times}}</ref>多数婴儿潮一代的父母属于{{le|最伟大的一代|Greatest Generation}}或沉默一代，他们的子女则通常是X世代或[[Y世代]]。<ref name="RebeccaLeung">{{Cite news|author=Rebecca Leung|date=4 September 2005|title=The Echo Boomers – 60 Minutes|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/10/01/60minutes/main646890.shtml|accessdate=24 August 2010|archivedate=November 4, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104142419/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/10/01/60minutes/main646890.shtml}}</ref>


在西方，婴儿潮一代的童年处于1950年代和1960年代。他们当时经历了重大的教育改革，这既是[[冷战]]时期意识形态对峙的一部分<ref name="Stroke-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Stroke |first=H. Henry |date=August 1, 2013 |title=''Electricity and Magnetism'' |url=https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.2085 |url-status=live |journal=Physics Today |volume=66 |issue=8 |page=48 |bibcode=2013PhT....66R..48S |doi=10.1063/PT.3.2085 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024143016/https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.2085 |archive-date=October 24, 2022 |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Knudson-201d">{{Cite news|author=Knudson|first=Kevin|date=2015|title=The Common Core is today's New Math – which is actually a good thing|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/the-common-core-is-todays-new-math-which-is-actually-a-good-thing-46585|accessdate=September 9, 2015|archivedate=September 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915194402/http://theconversation.com/the-common-core-is-todays-new-math-which-is-actually-a-good-thing-46585}}</ref>，也是两次世界大战[[战间期]]的延续。<ref name="Garraty-1991">{{Cite book|last=Garraty|first=John A.|title=Chapter XXXII Society in Flux, 1945-1980. Rethinking Public Education|publisher=Harper Collins|year=1991|isbn=978-0-06-042312-4|location=United States of America|pages=896–7}}</ref><ref name="Gispert">{{Cite web|last=Gispert|first=Hélène|title=L'enseignement des mathématiques au XXe siècle dans le contexte français|url=http://culturemath.ens.fr/histoiredesmaths/htm/Gispert08-reformes/Gispert08.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715164210/http://culturemath.ens.fr/histoire%20des%20maths/htm/Gispert08-reformes/Gispert08.htm|archive-date=July 15, 2017|access-date=November 4, 2020|website=CultureMATH|language=FR}}</ref>到1960年代和1970年代，随着数量相对较多的这代年轻人步入青少年时期（最年长的婴儿潮一代于1964年年满18岁），他们及其周围的人创造了这一代人特有的话语体系<ref name="Pinker">{{Cite book|last=Pinker|first=Steven|year=2011|title=The Better Angels Of Our Nature|page=109|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-141-03464-5}}</ref>，同时以其庞大的人数推动了[[1960年代反文化运动]]等社会运动。<ref name="Owram1997xi">{{Cite book|last=Owram|first=Doug|year=1997|title=Born at the Right Time|isbn=978-0-8020-8086-8|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|page=[https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/ xi]|url=https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/}}</ref><ref name="Suri-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Suri |first=Jeremi |date=February 2009 |title=The Rise and Fall of an International Counterculture, 1960-1975 |journal=American Historical Review |volume=114 |issue=1 |page=45–68 |doi=10.1086/ahr.114.1.45 |jstor=30223643}}</ref>
在西方，婴儿潮一代的童年处于1950年代和1960年代。他们当时经历了重大的教育改革，这既是[[冷战]]时期意识形态对峙的一部分<ref name="Stroke-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Stroke |first=H. Henry |date=August 1, 2013 |title=''Electricity and Magnetism'' |url=https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.2085 |url-status=live |journal=Physics Today |volume=66 |issue=8 |page=48 |bibcode=2013PhT....66R..48S |doi=10.1063/PT.3.2085 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024143016/https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.2085 |archive-date=October 24, 2022 |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Knudson-201d">{{Cite news|author=Knudson|first=Kevin|date=2015|title=The Common Core is today's New Math – which is actually a good thing|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/the-common-core-is-todays-new-math-which-is-actually-a-good-thing-46585|accessdate=September 9, 2015|archivedate=September 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915194402/http://theconversation.com/the-common-core-is-todays-new-math-which-is-actually-a-good-thing-46585}}</ref>，也是两次世界大战[[战间期]]的延续。<ref name="Garraty-1991">{{Cite book|last=Garraty|first=John A.|title=Chapter XXXII Society in Flux, 1945-1980. Rethinking Public Education|publisher=Harper Collins|year=1991|isbn=978-0-06-042312-4|location=United States of America|pages=896–7}}</ref><ref name="Gispert">{{Cite web|last=Gispert|first=Hélène|title=L'enseignement des mathématiques au XXe siècle dans le contexte français|url=http://culturemath.ens.fr/histoiredesmaths/htm/Gispert08-reformes/Gispert08.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715164210/http://culturemath.ens.fr/histoire%20des%20maths/htm/Gispert08-reformes/Gispert08.htm|archive-date=July 15, 2017|access-date=November 4, 2020|website=CultureMATH|language=FR}}</ref>到1960年代和1970年代，随着数量相对较多的这代年轻人步入青少年时期（最年长的婴儿潮一代于1964年年满18岁），他们及其周围的人创造了这一代人特有的话语体系<ref name="Pinker">{{Cite book|last=Pinker|first=Steven|year=2011|title=The Better Angels Of Our Nature|page=109|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-141-03464-5}}</ref>，同时以其庞大的人数推动了[[1960年代反文化运动]]等社会运动。<ref name="Owram1997xi">{{Cite book|last=Owram|first=Doug|year=1997|title=Born at the Right Time|isbn=978-0-8020-8086-8|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|page=[https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/ xi]|url=https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/}}</ref><ref name="Suri-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Suri |first=Jeremi |date=February 2009 |title=The Rise and Fall of an International Counterculture, 1960-1975 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_2009-02_114_1/page/45 |journal=American Historical Review |volume=114 |issue=1 |page=45–68 |doi=10.1086/ahr.114.1.45 |jstor=30223643}}</ref>


在许多国家，这一时期由于战后年轻人数量激增而导致政治非常不稳定。<ref name="Suri-2009" /><ref name="Turchin-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Turchin |first=Peter |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Political instability may be a contributor in the coming decade |journal=Nature |volume=403 |issue=7281 |page=608 |bibcode=2010Natur.463..608T |doi=10.1038/463608a |pmid=20130632 |doi-access=free}}</ref>例如在中国，婴儿潮一代经历了[[文化大革命]]，并在成年后受到[[一孩政策]]的影响。<ref name="Woodruff-2016">{{Cite news|author=Woodruff|first=Judy|author2=French|first2=Howard|date=August 1, 2016|title=The unprecedented aging crisis that's about to hit China|work=PBS Newshour|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/unprecedented-aging-crisis-thats-hit-china|accessdate=August 13, 2020|archivedate=September 26, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926152123/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/unprecedented-aging-crisis-thats-hit-china}}</ref>这些社会文化的改变对婴儿潮一代的认知产生了重要影响，同时也造成人们越来越普遍地倾向于以世代来定义世界。这种对世代的划分是一个相对较新的现象。此外，这一代人也比前几代人更早进入青春期。<ref name="Hobsbawn-1996b">{{Cite book|last=Hobsbawn|first=Eric|title=Chapter Eleven: Cultural Revolution|publisher=Abacus|year=1996|isbn=978-0-349-10671-7}}</ref>
在许多国家，这一时期由于战后年轻人数量激增而导致政治非常不稳定。<ref name="Suri-2009" /><ref name="Turchin-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Turchin |first=Peter |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Political instability may be a contributor in the coming decade |journal=Nature |volume=403 |issue=7281 |page=608 |bibcode=2010Natur.463..608T |doi=10.1038/463608a |pmid=20130632 |doi-access=free}}</ref>例如在中国，婴儿潮一代经历了[[文化大革命]]，并在成年后受到[[一孩政策]]的影响。<ref name="Woodruff-2016">{{Cite news|author=Woodruff|first=Judy|author2=French|first2=Howard|date=August 1, 2016|title=The unprecedented aging crisis that's about to hit China|work=PBS Newshour|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/unprecedented-aging-crisis-thats-hit-china|accessdate=August 13, 2020|archivedate=September 26, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926152123/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/unprecedented-aging-crisis-thats-hit-china}}</ref>这些社会文化的改变对婴儿潮一代的认知产生了重要影响，同时也造成人们越来越普遍地倾向于以世代来定义世界。这种对世代的划分是一个相对较新的现象。此外，这一代人也比前几代人更早进入青春期。<ref name="Hobsbawn-1996b">{{Cite book|last=Hobsbawn|first=Eric|title=Chapter Eleven: Cultural Revolution|publisher=Abacus|year=1996|isbn=978-0-349-10671-7}}</ref>


在欧洲和北美，许多婴儿潮一代是在社会财富日益增长、战后政府对住房和教育进行广泛补贴的时代长大的。<ref name="Owram1997x" />他们在成长过程中真诚地相信世界会随着时间的推移而变得更加美好。<ref name="Jones1980" />那些生活水平和受教育程度较高的人往往对改善条件有着更高的要求。<ref name="Suri-2009" /><ref name="Hobsbawn-1996">{{Cite book|last=Hobsbawn|first=Eric|title=Chapter Ten: Social Revolution 1945-1990|publisher=Abacus|year=1996|isbn=978-0-349-10671-7}}</ref>到21世纪初期，由于生育率低于世代更替水平和人口老龄化，一些发达国家的婴儿潮一代成为了其社会中最大的人口群体。<ref name="Zeihan-2016">{{Cite book|last=Zeihan|first=Peter|title=Chapter 5: The End of the (Old) World|publisher=Zeihan on Geopolitics|year=2016|isbn=978-0-9985052-0-6|location=Austin, TX}} Population pyramids of the [https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/developed_without_us_2030.jpg developed world without the U.S.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030194231/https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/developed_without_us_2030.jpg|date=October 30, 2020}} and of [https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/5.3-us-demography-2030.jpg the U.S. in 2030] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010220715/https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/5.3-us-demography-2030.jpg|date=October 10, 2020}}.</ref>在美国，他们是仅次于[[Y世代]]的第二大年龄群体。 <ref>{{Cite web|last=Fry|first=Richard|date=28 April 2022|title=Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America's largest generation|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428233813/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/|archive-date=April 28, 2020|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref>
在欧洲和北美，许多婴儿潮一代是在社会财富日益增长、战后政府对住房和教育进行广泛补贴的时代长大的。<ref name="Owram1997x" />他们在成长过程中真诚地相信世界会随着时间的推移而变得更加美好。<ref name="Jones1980" />那些生活水平和受教育程度较高的人往往对改善条件有着更高的要求。<ref name="Suri-2009" /><ref name="Hobsbawn-1996">{{Cite book|last=Hobsbawn|first=Eric|title=Chapter Ten: Social Revolution 1945-1990|publisher=Abacus|year=1996|isbn=978-0-349-10671-7}}</ref>到21世纪初期，由于生育率低于世代更替水平和人口老龄化，一些发达国家的婴儿潮一代成为了其社会中最大的人口群体。<ref name="Zeihan-2016">{{Cite book|last=Zeihan|first=Peter|title=Chapter 5: The End of the (Old) World|url=https://archive.org/details/absentsuperpower0000zeih|publisher=Zeihan on Geopolitics|year=2016|isbn=978-0-9985052-0-6|location=Austin, TX}} Population pyramids of the [https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/developed_without_us_2030.jpg developed world without the U.S.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030194231/https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/developed_without_us_2030.jpg|date=October 30, 2020}} and of [https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/5.3-us-demography-2030.jpg the U.S. in 2030] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010220715/https://zeihan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/5.3-us-demography-2030.jpg|date=October 10, 2020}}.</ref>在美国，他们是仅次于[[Y世代]]的第二大年龄群体。 <ref>{{Cite web|last=Fry|first=Richard|date=28 April 2022|title=Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America's largest generation|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428233813/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/28/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers-as-americas-largest-generation/|archive-date=April 28, 2020|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref>


== 参见 ==
== 参见 ==

2024年3月5日 (二) 10:30的最新版本

西方世界的主要世代

婴儿潮世代（英語：baby boomers，常简称为boomers）是沉默世代（英语：Silent Generation）之后、X世代之前的一代人口群体，通常指1946年至1964年之间出生的一代人，当时正值20世纪中期的婴儿潮时期。[1]不同国家这一代人的具体时间、人口背景和文化特征可能有所不同。[2][3][4][5]婴儿潮在西方常被形容为“冲击波”（shockwave）[6]和“蟒蛇腹中的猪”（the pig in the python）。[7][8]多数婴儿潮一代的父母属于最伟大的一代（英语：Greatest Generation）或沉默一代，他们的子女则通常是X世代或Y世代。[9]

在西方，婴儿潮一代的童年处于1950年代和1960年代。他们当时经历了重大的教育改革，这既是冷战时期意识形态对峙的一部分[10][11]，也是两次世界大战战间期的延续。[12][13]到1960年代和1970年代，随着数量相对较多的这代年轻人步入青少年时期（最年长的婴儿潮一代于1964年年满18岁），他们及其周围的人创造了这一代人特有的话语体系[14]，同时以其庞大的人数推动了1960年代反文化运动等社会运动。[15][16]

在许多国家，这一时期由于战后年轻人数量激增而导致政治非常不稳定。[16][17]例如在中国，婴儿潮一代经历了文化大革命，并在成年后受到一孩政策的影响。[18]这些社会文化的改变对婴儿潮一代的认知产生了重要影响，同时也造成人们越来越普遍地倾向于以世代来定义世界。这种对世代的划分是一个相对较新的现象。此外，这一代人也比前几代人更早进入青春期。[19]

在欧洲和北美，许多婴儿潮一代是在社会财富日益增长、战后政府对住房和教育进行广泛补贴的时代长大的。[6]他们在成长过程中真诚地相信世界会随着时间的推移而变得更加美好。[7]那些生活水平和受教育程度较高的人往往对改善条件有着更高的要求。[16][20]到21世纪初期，由于生育率低于世代更替水平和人口老龄化，一些发达国家的婴儿潮一代成为了其社会中最大的人口群体。[21]在美国，他们是仅次于Y世代的第二大年龄群体。 [22]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Sheehan, Paul. Greed of boomers led us to a total bust. The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 September 2011 [21 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于21 May 2019）. 
  2. ^ Owram, Doug. Born at the Right Time. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1997-12-31. ISBN 978-1-4426-5710-6. doi:10.3138/9781442657106. 
  3. ^ Little, Bruce; Foot, David K.; Stoffman, Daniel. Boom, Bust & Echo: How to Profit from the Coming Demographic Shift. Foreign Policy. 1998, (113): 110. ISSN 0015-7228. JSTOR 1149238. doi:10.2307/1149238. 
  4. ^ Salt, Bernard. The Big Shift. South Yarra, Victoria: Hardie Grant Books. 2004. ISBN 978-1-74066-188-1. 
  5. ^ Delaunay, Michèle [VNV]. Le fabuleux destin des baby-boomers. Paris. 2019. ISBN 978-2-259-28062-4. OCLC 1134671847. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Owram, Doug. Born at the Right Time. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1997: x. ISBN 978-0-8020-8086-8. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Jones, Landon. Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation. New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan. 1980. 
  8. ^ Krugman, Paul. Opinion | Reckonings; The Pig in the Python. The New York Times. 21 June 2000 [24 April 2021]. （原始内容存档于April 24, 2021）. 
  9. ^ Rebecca Leung. The Echo Boomers – 60 Minutes. CBS News. 4 September 2005 [24 August 2010]. （原始内容存档于November 4, 2013）. 
  10. ^ Stroke, H. Henry. Electricity and Magnetism. Physics Today. August 1, 2013, 66 (8): 48 [October 11, 2020]. Bibcode:2013PhT....66R..48S. doi:10.1063/PT.3.2085. （原始内容存档于October 24, 2022）. 
  11. ^ Knudson, Kevin. The Common Core is today's New Math – which is actually a good thing. The Conversation. 2015 [September 9, 2015]. （原始内容存档于September 15, 2015）. 
  12. ^ Garraty, John A. Chapter XXXII Society in Flux, 1945-1980. Rethinking Public Education. United States of America: Harper Collins. 1991: 896–7. ISBN 978-0-06-042312-4. 
  13. ^ Gispert, Hélène. L'enseignement des mathématiques au XXe siècle dans le contexte français. CultureMATH. [November 4, 2020]. （原始内容存档于July 15, 2017） （法语）. 
  14. ^ Pinker, Steven. The Better Angels Of Our Nature. Penguin. 2011: 109. ISBN 978-0-141-03464-5. 
  15. ^ Owram, Doug. Born at the Right Time. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1997: xi. ISBN 978-0-8020-8086-8. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Suri, Jeremi. The Rise and Fall of an International Counterculture, 1960-1975. American Historical Review. February 2009, 114 (1): 45–68. JSTOR 30223643. doi:10.1086/ahr.114.1.45. 
  17. ^ Turchin, Peter. Political instability may be a contributor in the coming decade. Nature. February 3, 2010, 403 (7281): 608. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..608T. PMID 20130632. doi:10.1038/463608a 可免费查阅. 
  18. ^ Woodruff, Judy; French, Howard. The unprecedented aging crisis that's about to hit China. PBS Newshour. August 1, 2016 [August 13, 2020]. （原始内容存档于September 26, 2020）. 
  19. ^ Hobsbawn, Eric. Chapter Eleven: Cultural Revolution. Abacus. 1996. ISBN 978-0-349-10671-7. 
  20. ^ Hobsbawn, Eric. Chapter Ten: Social Revolution 1945-1990. Abacus. 1996. ISBN 978-0-349-10671-7. 
  21. ^ Zeihan, Peter. Chapter 5: The End of the (Old) World. Austin, TX: Zeihan on Geopolitics. 2016. ISBN 978-0-9985052-0-6.  Population pyramids of the developed world without the U.S. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 30, 2020，. and of the U.S. in 2030 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 10, 2020，..
  22. ^ Fry, Richard. Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America's largest generation. Pew Research Center. 28 April 2022 [31 May 2022]. （原始内容存档于April 28, 2020）. 
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