N,N-二甲基色胺:修订间差异
无编辑摘要 |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''N'',''N''-二甲基色胺}} |
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{{medical}} |
{{medical}} |
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{{NoteTA|G1=Science}} |
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{{Drugbox |
{{Drugbox |
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| IUPAC_name |
| IUPAC_name = 2-(1''H''-indol-3-yl)-''N'',''N''-dimethylethanamine |
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| image |
| image = DMT.svg |
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| width |
| width = 200 |
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| image2 |
| image2 = Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png |
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| width2 |
| width2 = 200 |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CAS_number |
| CAS_number = 61-50-7 |
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| ATC_prefix |
| ATC_prefix = none |
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| ATC_suffix = |
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| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
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| DrugBank = DB01488 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = WUB601BHAA |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 28969 |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 141 |
| IUPHAR_ligand = 141 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID |
| ChemSpiderID = 5864 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = C08302 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 12420 |
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| C = 12 | H = 16 | N = 2 |
| C = 12 | H = 16 | N = 2 |
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| molecular_weight |
| molecular_weight = 188.269 g/mol |
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| density |
| density = 1.099 |
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| smiles |
| smiles = CN(C)CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 |
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| melting_point |
| melting_point = 40 |
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| melting_high |
| melting_high = 59 |
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| bioavailability |
| bioavailability = |
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| metabolism |
| metabolism = |
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| elimination_half-life |
| elimination_half-life = |
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| excretion |
| excretion = |
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| pregnancy_category |
| pregnancy_category = |
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| legal_AU |
| legal_AU = S9 |
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| legal_CA |
| legal_CA = Schedule III |
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| legal_UK |
| legal_UK = CD Lic |
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| legal_US |
| legal_US = Schedule I |
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| routes_of_administration = 口服(与单胺氧化酶抑制剂)、吹入、直肠、吸入、肌注、静注 |
| routes_of_administration = 口服(与单胺氧化酶抑制剂)、吹入、直肠、吸入、肌肉注射、静脈注射 |
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}} |
}} |
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[[file:Dimethyltryptamine_27feb.gif|thumb|200px|二甲基色胺分子立體結構]] |
[[file:Dimethyltryptamine_27feb.gif|thumb|200px|二甲基色胺分子立體結構]] |
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'''二甲基色胺''' |
'''''N'',''N''-二甲基色胺'''(N,N-Dimethyltryptamine,简称'''DMT'''),是一種[[色胺]]類[[致幻劑]]。它以痕量見於人體中,由[[色胺-N-轉甲基酶]]催化產生。通常会在[[冥想]]与[[禁食]]期间大量产生。其結構與[[血清素]]、[[褪黑激素]]相似,也與其他色胺類致幻劑如[[5-甲氧基二甲基色胺]]、[[蟾毒色胺]]、[[脫磷酸裸蓋菇素]]結構類似。 |
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DMT也存在于一些植物当中(例如[[死藤水]]{{efn|1=一種從[[金虎尾科]]屬的死藤煮成的湯液,[[南美洲]][[亞馬遜雨林]]的[[原住民]]會透過飲用這種汁液來提升其[[通靈]]能力。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outside》亞馬遜的迷幻草藥:死藤水的熱潮 - 自由評論網|url=https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/1875293|access-date=2022-03-23|date=2016-11-06|work=自由時報電子報|archive-date=2020-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125740/https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/1875293}}</ref>}}、[[相思樹]]的[[樹皮]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=提煉二甲基色胺 工程師製毒走私澳洲|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/201701170173.aspx|access-date=2022-03-23|date=2017-01-17|publisher=中央社 CNA|language=zh-TW|archive-date=2020-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124030633/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/201701170173.aspx}}</ref>,参见{{Link-en|已知含有精神活性生物碱的相思树种列表|List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids}})。在部分领域当中,DMT被认为是一种可以打开人类潜能的物质。 |
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==植物中的提煉== |
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二甲基色胺存在一些植物的汁液中。<!--,例如[[死藤水]],一種從[[金虎尾科]]屬的死藤煮成的湯液,[[南美洲]][[亞馬遜雨林]]的[[原住民]]會透過飲用這種汁液來提升其[[通靈]]能力。<ref>LIU BOON KAN,"亞馬遜的迷幻草藥:死藤水"[http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/1875293],自由電子報 自由評論網,2016-11-06 11:20.</ref> |
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[http://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/201701170173-1.aspx],中央社即時新聞 CNA NEWS,2017/01/17 12:33.</ref><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Acacia_species_known_to_contain_psychoactive_alkaloids List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids]</ref> |
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二甲基色胺也以痕量見於人體中,由[[色胺-N-轉甲基酶]]催化產生。 |
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==歷史== |
==歷史== |
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==藥理== |
==藥理== |
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! 結合親和力 Ki(nm)<ref>{{ |
! 結合親和力 Ki(nm)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009019|last=Ray|first=Thomas S.|date=2010-02-02|journal=PLoS ONE|issue=2|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009019|editor-last=Manzoni|editor-first=Olivier Jacques|volume=5|pages=e9019|language=en|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2814854|pmid=20126400}}</ref> |
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| 5ht1a |
| 5ht1a |
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==註釋== |
==註釋== |
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{{notelist}} |
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== 参考资料 == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==外部連結== |
==外部連結== |
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* [http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/410 Identifying Spiritual Content in First-Person Reports from Ayahuasca Sessions] |
* [http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/410 Identifying Spiritual Content in First-Person Reports from Ayahuasca Sessions]{{Wayback|url=http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/410 |date=20190608164237 }} |
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* [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ DMT Vault] – [[Erowid]] |
* [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ DMT Vault]{{Wayback|url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ |date=20201209202516 }} – [[Erowid]] |
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* [http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/drugsatoz/dmt DMT] – TheSite.org |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713042722/http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/drugsatoz/dmt DMT] – TheSite.org |
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* [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml DMT chapter from ''TiHKAL''] |
* [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml DMT chapter from ''TiHKAL'']{{Wayback|url=http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml |date=20201120142435 }} |
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* [http://www.rickstrassman.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=54 ''DMT: The Spirit Molecule''], an overview by its author, [[Rick Strassman]] |
* [http://www.rickstrassman.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=54 ''DMT: The Spirit Molecule'']{{Wayback|url=http://www.rickstrassman.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=54 |date=20160517031611 }}, an overview by its author, [[Rick Strassman]] |
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* {{IMDb title|1340425|DMT: The Spirit Molecule}} |
* {{IMDb title|1340425|DMT: The Spirit Molecule}} |
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* [http://www.vice.com/read/dmt-you-cannot-imagine-a-stranger-drug-or-a-stranger-experience-365 DMT: You Cannot Imagine a Stranger Drug or a Stranger Experience], an essay on DMT at ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' |
* [http://www.vice.com/read/dmt-you-cannot-imagine-a-stranger-drug-or-a-stranger-experience-365 DMT: You Cannot Imagine a Stranger Drug or a Stranger Experience]{{Wayback|url=http://www.vice.com/read/dmt-you-cannot-imagine-a-stranger-drug-or-a-stranger-experience-365 |date=20161119143606 }}, an essay on DMT at ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' |
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* [ |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120228192717/https://www.crfdl.org/ CRFDL], a database of scientific research on psychedelics |
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* [https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/14697963/DMT_extraction_by_zim DMT Extraction Torrent] |
* [https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/14697963/DMT_extraction_by_zim DMT Extraction Torrent]{{Wayback|url=https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/14697963/DMT_extraction_by_zim |date=20190610143209 }} |
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQp-f5tM3j8 DMT Extraction Youtube] |
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQp-f5tM3j8 DMT Extraction Youtube]{{Wayback|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQp-f5tM3j8 |date=20201108140449 }} |
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{{Hallucinogens}} |
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{{Serotonergics}} |
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{{Sigmaergics}} |
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{{色胺}} |
<!--模板超限 {{ {{SafeTemplate|色胺}} }}--> |
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[[Category:死藤水]] |
[[Category:死藤水]] |
2024年3月8日 (五) 14:54的最新版本
臨床資料 | |
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给药途径 | 口服(与单胺氧化酶抑制剂)、吹入、直肠、吸入、肌肉注射、静脈注射 |
ATC碼 |
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法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 61-50-7 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.463 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C12H16N2 |
摩尔质量 | 188.269 g/mol |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
密度 | 1.099 g/cm3 |
熔点 | 40至59 °C(104至138 °F) |
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N,N-二甲基色胺(N,N-Dimethyltryptamine,简称DMT),是一種色胺類致幻劑。它以痕量見於人體中,由色胺-N-轉甲基酶催化產生。通常会在冥想与禁食期间大量产生。其結構與血清素、褪黑激素相似,也與其他色胺類致幻劑如5-甲氧基二甲基色胺、蟾毒色胺、脫磷酸裸蓋菇素結構類似。
DMT也存在于一些植物当中(例如死藤水[a]、相思樹的樹皮[2],参见已知含有精神活性生物碱的相思树种列表)。在部分领域当中,DMT被认为是一种可以打开人类潜能的物质。
歷史
[编辑]DMT於1931由加拿大科學家Richard Helmuth Fredrick Manske首次合成。總括來説,DMT是被巴西科學家及微生物學家Oswaldo Gonçalves de Lima於1946首次被發現,他在一次析取含羞草內的生物鹼時發現,當時被命名為nigerina。
藥理
[编辑]結合親和力 Ki(nm)[3] | |
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5ht1a | >10,000 |
5ht1b | >10,000 |
5ht1d | 93 |
5ht1e | 455.7 |
5ht2a | 2323 |
5ht2b | 107.6 |
5ht2c | 334.6 |
5ht5a | 611 |
5ht6 | 487.4 |
5ht7 | 87.5 |
D1 | 271.1 |
α1A | 1745 |
α1B | 973.7 |
α2A | 1561 |
α2B | 257.7 |
α2C | 258.6 |
SERT | 3742 |
註釋
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Outside》亞馬遜的迷幻草藥:死藤水的熱潮 - 自由評論網. 自由時報電子報. 2016-11-06 [2022-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-17).
- ^ 提煉二甲基色胺 工程師製毒走私澳洲. 中央社 CNA. 2017-01-17 [2022-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-24) (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ Ray, Thomas S. Manzoni, Olivier Jacques , 编. Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome. PLoS ONE. 2010-02-02, 5 (2): e9019. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2814854 . PMID 20126400. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009019 (英语).
外部連結
[编辑]- Identifying Spiritual Content in First-Person Reports from Ayahuasca Sessions(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- DMT Vault(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Erowid
- DMT – TheSite.org
- DMT chapter from TiHKAL(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- DMT: The Spirit Molecule(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), an overview by its author, Rick Strassman
- 互联网电影数据库(IMDb)上《DMT: The Spirit Molecule》的资料(英文)
- DMT: You Cannot Imagine a Stranger Drug or a Stranger Experience(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), an essay on DMT at Vice
- CRFDL, a database of scientific research on psychedelics
- DMT Extraction Torrent(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- DMT Extraction Youtube(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)