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N,N-二甲基色胺:修订间差异

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''N'',''N''-二甲基色胺}}
{{medical}}
{{medical}}
{{NoteTA|G1=Science}}
{{Drugbox
{{Drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 2-(1''H''-indol-3-yl)-''N'',''N''-dimethylethanamine
| IUPAC_name = 2-(1''H''-indol-3-yl)-''N'',''N''-dimethylethanamine
| image = DMT.svg
| image = DMT.svg
| width = 200
| width = 200
| image2 = Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png
| image2 = Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png
| width2 = 200
| width2 = 200
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 61-50-7
| CAS_number = 61-50-7
| ATC_prefix = none
| ATC_prefix = none
| ATC_suffix =
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| PubChem = 6089
| DrugBank = DB01488
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = WUB601BHAA
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 28969
| PubChem = 6089
| IUPHAR_ligand = 141
| IUPHAR_ligand = 141
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5864
| ChemSpiderID = 5864
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C08302
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 12420
| C = 12 | H = 16 | N = 2
| C = 12 | H = 16 | N = 2
| molecular_weight = 188.269 g/mol
| molecular_weight = 188.269 g/mol
| density = 1.099
| density = 1.099
| smiles = CN(C)CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12
| smiles = CN(C)CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12
| melting_point = 40
| melting_point = 40
| melting_high = 59
| melting_high = 59
| bioavailability =
| bioavailability =
| metabolism =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life =
| elimination_half-life =
| excretion =
| excretion =
| pregnancy_category =
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU = S9
| legal_AU = S9
| legal_CA = Schedule III
| legal_CA = Schedule III
| legal_UK = CD Lic
| legal_UK = CD Lic
| legal_US = Schedule I
| legal_US = Schedule I
| routes_of_administration = 口服(与单胺氧化酶抑制剂)、吹入、直肠、吸入、肌注、静注
| routes_of_administration = 口服(与单胺氧化酶抑制剂)、吹入、直肠、吸入、肌、静
}}
}}
[[file:Dimethyltryptamine_27feb.gif|thumb|200px|二甲基色胺分子立體結構]]
[[file:Dimethyltryptamine_27feb.gif|thumb|200px|二甲基色胺分子立體結構]]


'''二甲基色胺'''(N,N-Dimethyltryptamine、DMT 或 N,N-DMT) 屬一種[[色胺]]類致幻劑。結構與[[血清素]]、[[褪黑激素]]相似,也與其他[[色胺]][[致幻劑]]如[[5-甲氧基二甲基色胺]]、[[蟾毒色胺]]、[[脫磷酸裸蓋菇素]]結構類似。
'''''N'',''N''-二甲基色胺'''(N,N-Dimethyltryptamine,简称'''DMT'''),是一種[[色胺]]類[[致幻劑]]它以痕量見於人體中,由[[色胺-N-轉甲基酶]]催化產生。通常会在[[冥想]]与[[禁食]]期间大量产生。其結構與[[血清素]]、[[褪黑激素]]相似,也與其他色胺類致幻劑如[[5-甲氧基二甲基色胺]]、[[蟾毒色胺]]、[[脫磷酸裸蓋菇素]]結構類似。


DMT也存在于一些植物当中(例如[[死藤水]]{{efn|1=一種從[[金虎尾科]]屬的死藤煮成的湯液,[[南美洲]][[亞馬遜雨林]]的[[原住民]]會透過飲用這種汁液來提升其[[通靈]]能力。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outside》亞馬遜的迷幻草藥:死藤水的熱潮 - 自由評論網|url=https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/1875293|access-date=2022-03-23|date=2016-11-06|work=自由時報電子報|archive-date=2020-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125740/https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/1875293}}</ref>}}、[[相思樹]]的[[樹皮]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=提煉二甲基色胺 工程師製毒走私澳洲|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/201701170173.aspx|access-date=2022-03-23|date=2017-01-17|publisher=中央社 CNA|language=zh-TW|archive-date=2020-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124030633/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/201701170173.aspx}}</ref>,参见{{Link-en|已知含有精神活性生物碱的相思树种列表|List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids}})。在部分领域当中,DMT被认为是一种可以打开人类潜能的物质。
==植物中的提煉==
二甲基色胺存在一些植物的汁液中。<!--,例如[[死藤水]],一種從[[金虎尾科]]屬的死藤煮成的湯液,[[南美洲]][[亞馬遜雨林]]的[[原住民]]會透過飲用這種汁液來提升其[[通靈]]能力。<ref>LIU BOON KAN,"亞馬遜的迷幻草藥:死藤水"[http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/1875293],自由電子報 自由評論網,2016-11-06 11:20.</ref>
[http://www.cna.com.tw/news/asoc/201701170173-1.aspx],中央社即時新聞 CNA NEWS,2017/01/17 12:33.</ref><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Acacia_species_known_to_contain_psychoactive_alkaloids List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids]</ref>
二甲基色胺也以痕量見於人體中,由[[色胺-N-轉甲基酶]]催化產生。


==歷史==
==歷史==
DMT於1931由加拿大科學家[[Richard Helmuth Fredrick Manske]]首次合成。總括來説,DMT是被巴西科學家及微生物學家[[Oswaldo Gonçalves de Lima]]於1946首次被發現,他在一次析取[[含羞草]]的[[生物鹼]]時發現,當時被命名為'''nigerina'''。

二甲基色胺於1931由加拿大科學家[[Richard Helmuth Fredrick Manske]] ''(1901–1977)''首次合成。[4][5]總括來説,二甲基色胺是被巴西科學家及微生物學家[[Oswaldo Gonçalves de Lima]] ''(1908–1989)''於1946首次被發現,他在一次析取[[含羞草]]的[[生物鹼]]時發現,當時被命名為'''nigerina'''[5][6][7]


==藥理==
==藥理==
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|-
|-
!
!
! 結合親和力 Ki(nm)<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ray TS | year = 2010 | title = Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome | url = | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 5 | issue = 2| page = e9019 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0009019 | pmid=20126400 | pmc=2814854}}</ref>
! 結合親和力 Ki(nm)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009019|last=Ray|first=Thomas S.|date=2010-02-02|journal=PLoS ONE|issue=2|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009019|editor-last=Manzoni|editor-first=Olivier Jacques|volume=5|pages=e9019|language=en|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2814854|pmid=20126400}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 5ht1a
| 5ht1a
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==註釋==
==註釋==
{{notelist}}

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==外部連結==
==外部連結==
* [http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/410 Identifying Spiritual Content in First-Person Reports from Ayahuasca Sessions]
* [http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/410 Identifying Spiritual Content in First-Person Reports from Ayahuasca Sessions]{{Wayback|url=http://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/410 |date=20190608164237 }}
* [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ DMT Vault] – [[Erowid]]
* [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ DMT Vault]{{Wayback|url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ |date=20201209202516 }} – [[Erowid]]
* [http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/drugsatoz/dmt DMT] – TheSite.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713042722/http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/drugsatoz/dmt DMT] – TheSite.org
* [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml DMT chapter from ''TiHKAL'']
* [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml DMT chapter from ''TiHKAL'']{{Wayback|url=http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml |date=20201120142435 }}
* [http://www.rickstrassman.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=54 ''DMT: The Spirit Molecule''], an overview by its author, [[Rick Strassman]]
* [http://www.rickstrassman.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=54 ''DMT: The Spirit Molecule'']{{Wayback|url=http://www.rickstrassman.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=54 |date=20160517031611 }}, an overview by its author, [[Rick Strassman]]
* {{IMDb title|1340425|DMT: The Spirit Molecule}}
* {{IMDb title|1340425|DMT: The Spirit Molecule}}
* [http://www.vice.com/read/dmt-you-cannot-imagine-a-stranger-drug-or-a-stranger-experience-365 DMT: You Cannot Imagine a Stranger Drug or a Stranger Experience], an essay on DMT at ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]''
* [http://www.vice.com/read/dmt-you-cannot-imagine-a-stranger-drug-or-a-stranger-experience-365 DMT: You Cannot Imagine a Stranger Drug or a Stranger Experience]{{Wayback|url=http://www.vice.com/read/dmt-you-cannot-imagine-a-stranger-drug-or-a-stranger-experience-365 |date=20161119143606 }}, an essay on DMT at ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]''
* [http://www.crfdl.org CRFDL], a database of scientific research on psychedelics
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120228192717/https://www.crfdl.org/ CRFDL], a database of scientific research on psychedelics
* [https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/14697963/DMT_extraction_by_zim DMT Extraction Torrent]
* [https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/14697963/DMT_extraction_by_zim DMT Extraction Torrent]{{Wayback|url=https://thepiratebay.org/torrent/14697963/DMT_extraction_by_zim |date=20190610143209 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQp-f5tM3j8 DMT Extraction Youtube]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQp-f5tM3j8 DMT Extraction Youtube]{{Wayback|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQp-f5tM3j8 |date=20201108140449 }}


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{{色胺}}
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[[Category:死藤水]]
[[Category:死藤水]]

2024年3月8日 (五) 14:54的最新版本



N,N-二甲基色胺
臨床資料
给药途径口服(与单胺氧化酶抑制剂)、吹入、直肠、吸入、肌肉注射、静脈注射
ATC碼
  • 未分配
法律規範狀態
法律規範
识别信息
  • 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
CAS号61-50-7  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.463 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C12H16N2
摩尔质量188.269 g/mol
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
密度1.099 g/cm3
熔点40至59 °C(104至138 °F)
  • CN(C)CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12
二甲基色胺分子立體結構

N,N-二甲基色胺(N,N-Dimethyltryptamine,简称DMT),是一種色胺致幻劑。它以痕量見於人體中,由色胺-N-轉甲基酶催化產生。通常会在冥想禁食期间大量产生。其結構與血清素褪黑激素相似,也與其他色胺類致幻劑如5-甲氧基二甲基色胺蟾毒色胺脫磷酸裸蓋菇素結構類似。

DMT也存在于一些植物当中(例如死藤水[a]相思樹樹皮[2],参见已知含有精神活性生物碱的相思树种列表英语List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids)。在部分领域当中,DMT被认为是一种可以打开人类潜能的物质。

歷史

[编辑]

DMT於1931由加拿大科學家Richard Helmuth Fredrick Manske首次合成。總括來説,DMT是被巴西科學家及微生物學家Oswaldo Gonçalves de Lima於1946首次被發現,他在一次析取含羞草內的生物鹼時發現,當時被命名為nigerina

藥理

[编辑]
結合親和力 Ki(nm)[3]
5ht1a >10,000
5ht1b >10,000
5ht1d 93
5ht1e 455.7
5ht2a 2323
5ht2b 107.6
5ht2c 334.6
5ht5a 611
5ht6 487.4
5ht7 87.5
D1 271.1
α1A 1745
α1B 973.7
α2A 1561
α2B 257.7
α2C 258.6
SERT 3742

註釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ 一種從金虎尾科屬的死藤煮成的湯液,南美洲亞馬遜雨林原住民會透過飲用這種汁液來提升其通靈能力。[1]

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Outside》亞馬遜的迷幻草藥:死藤水的熱潮 - 自由評論網. 自由時報電子報. 2016-11-06 [2022-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-17). 
  2. ^ 提煉二甲基色胺 工程師製毒走私澳洲. 中央社 CNA. 2017-01-17 [2022-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-24) (中文(臺灣)). 
  3. ^ Ray, Thomas S. Manzoni, Olivier Jacques , 编. Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome. PLoS ONE. 2010-02-02, 5 (2): e9019. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2814854可免费查阅. PMID 20126400. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009019 (英语). 

外部連結

[编辑]

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