蝰科:修订间差异
外观
删除的内容 添加的内容
FrutigerAero8(留言 | 贡献) 无编辑摘要 标签:2017年版源代码编辑 |
补救1个来源,并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
||
(未显示4个用户的6个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{Automatic taxobox |
|||
{{更新|time=2019-06-30T09:18:20+00:00}} |
|||
| taxon = Viperidae |
|||
{{Taxobox |
|||
| name = 蝰蛇科 |
|||
| image = Cerastes gasperetti (hornless).jpg |
| image = Cerastes gasperetti (hornless).jpg |
||
| image_caption = [[阿拉伯角蝰]] ''Cerastes gasperetti'' |
| image_caption = [[阿拉伯角蝰]] ''Cerastes gasperetti'' |
||
| authority = Oppel, 1811 |
|||
| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia |
|||
| phylum = [[脊索动物门]] Chordata |
|||
| classis = [[爬蟲綱]] Reptilia |
|||
| ordo = [[有鳞目]] Squamata |
|||
| subordo = [[蛇亚目]] Serpentes |
|||
| familia = '''蝰蛇科 Viperidae''' |
|||
| subdivision_ranks = 亞科 |
| subdivision_ranks = 亞科 |
||
| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
||
第18行: | 第12行: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''蝰蛇科'''('''Viperidae''')又名'''蝮蛇科''',是一个分布于全世界的毒[[蛇]]科。[[蝰蛇]](Viperinae)和[[蝮蛇]](Crotalinae)是这一科的代表物种,牠们体粗尾细,长着三角形的头。[[毒液]]中含有[[血毒素]],有些种类另含[[神经毒素]]。[[毒牙]]较长,能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与[[上腭]]之间有关节,可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有[[頰窩]]([[红外线]]感应[[器官]]),用以从环境温度中识别猎物的[[体温]]。大部分蝰蛇均屬於夜行性动物。 |
'''蝰蛇科'''(学名:'''Viperidae''')又名'''蝮蛇科''',是一个分布于全世界的毒[[蛇]]科。[[蝰蛇]](Viperinae)和[[蝮蛇]](Crotalinae)是这一科的代表物种,牠们体粗尾细,长着三角形的头。[[毒液]]中含有[[血毒素]],有些种类另含[[神经毒素]]。[[毒牙]]较长,能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与[[上腭]]之间有关节,可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有[[頰窩]]([[红外线]]感应[[器官]]),用以从环境温度中识别猎物的[[体温]]。大部分蝰蛇均屬於夜行性动物。 |
||
蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长,但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。[[納米比亞侏膨蝰]](''Bitis schneideri'')至多28厘米,而[[南美巨蝮]](''Lachesis muta'')卻可达到3.6米。 |
蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长,但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。[[納米比亞侏膨蝰]](''Bitis schneideri'')至多28厘米,而[[南美巨蝮]](''Lachesis muta'')卻可达到3.6米。 |
||
第28行: | 第22行: | ||
*[[蝮蛇亞科]] (''Crotalinae'') |
*[[蝮蛇亞科]] (''Crotalinae'') |
||
*[[蝰蛇亞科]] (''Viperinae'') |
*[[蝰蛇亞科]] (''Viperinae'') |
||
本科包括以下属:<ref>{{cite web |title=Viperidae |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/5024 |website=GBIF |accessdate=2023-10-25 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209071831/https://www.gbif.org/species/5024 |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
|||
{{common taxon list|italic=yes |
|||
||Acridophaga |Reuss, 1927 |
|||
||Agkishodon |de Beauvois, 1799 |
|||
|蝮蛇屬 |Agkistrodon |de Beauvois, 1799 |
|||
||Allocrus |Santos-Silva & Monné, 2023 |
|||
|樹蝰屬 |Atheris |Cope, 1862 |
|||
|跳蝮屬 |Atropoides |Werman, 1992 |
|||
||Atropophis |Peters, 1872 |
|||
||Atropos |Wagler, 1830 |
|||
||Azemiops |Boulenger, 1888 |
|||
|噝蝰屬 |Bitis |Gray, 1842 |
|||
|棕櫚蝮屬 |Bothriechis |Peters, 1859 |
|||
||Bothrocophias |Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001 |
|||
||Bothrophis |Fitzinger, 1843 |
|||
||Bothropoides |Fenwick, Gutberlet, Evans & Parkinson, 2009 |
|||
|矛頭蝮屬 |Bothrops |Wagler, 1824 |
|||
||Calloselasma |Cope, 1860 |
|||
||Caudisona |Laurenti, 1768 |
|||
|夜蝰属 |Causus |Wagler, 1830 |
|||
||Cenchris |Daudin, 1803 |
|||
|角蝰屬 |Cerastes |Laurenti, 1768 |
|||
|山蝮屬 |Cerrophidion |Campbell & Lamar, 1992 |
|||
||Chersea |Fleming, 1822 |
|||
||Craspedocephalus |Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus anamallensis'' (Günther, 1864) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus andalasensis David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus borneensis'' (Peters, 1872) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus brongersmai Hoge, 1969 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus gramineus'' (Shaw, 1802) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus macrolepis'' (Beddome, 1862) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus macrolepis'' Beddome, 1862 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus malabaricus'' (Jerdon, 1854) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus occidentalis'' (Pope & Pope, 1933) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus peltopelor'' Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus puniceus'' (Boie, 1827) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus rubeus'' (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus strigatus'' (Gray, 1842) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus strigatus'' Gray, 1842 |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus travancoricus'' Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021<ref> Ashok Kumar Mallik, Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh, Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar, Patrick D. Campbell, Anita Malhotra and Kartik Shanker. 2021. Resolving Pitfalls in Pit Viper Systematics – A Multi-criteria Approach to Species Delimitation in Pit Vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals Cryptic Diversity. Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 577-619. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e66239</ref> |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus trigonocephalus'' (Donndorff, 1798) |
|||
* ''Craspedocephalus wiroti'' Trutnau, 1981 |
|||
||Crotalophorus |Gray, 1825 |
|||
||Crotalurus |Rafinesque, 1820 |
|||
||Crotalus |Linnaeus, 1758 |
|||
||Cryptelytrops |Cope, 1859 |
|||
||Daboia |Gray, 1842 |
|||
||Deinagkistrodon |Gloyd, 1979 |
|||
||Dinodipsas |Peters, 1882 |
|||
||Distichurus |Hallowell, 1842 |
|||
|鋸鱗蝰屬 |Echis |Merrem, 1820 |
|||
||Eristicophis |Alcock & Finn, 1897 |
|||
||Garthius |Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004 |
|||
|亞洲蝮屬 |Gloydius |Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981 |
|||
||Halys |Gray, 1849 |
|||
||Heterophis |Peters, 1862 |
|||
|瘤鼻蝮屬 |Hypnale |Fitzinger, 1843 |
|||
|巨蝮屬 |Lachesis |Daudin, 1803 |
|||
||Laophis |Owen, 1857 |
|||
|鈍鼻蝰屬 |Macrovipera |Reuss, 1927 |
|||
||Megaera |Wagler, 1830 |
|||
||Mesovipera |Reuss, 1927 |
|||
||Metlapilcoatlus | |
|||
||Mixcoatlus |Jadin, H.M.Smith & Campbell, 2011 |
|||
||Montatheris |Broadley, 1996 |
|||
|山丘蝰属 |Montivipera |Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann, 1999 |
|||
|墨西哥角蝮屬 |Ophryacus |Cope, 1887 |
|||
|烙鐵頭屬 |Ovophis |Burger, 1981 |
|||
||Parias |Gray, 1849 |
|||
||Pelias |Merrem, 1820 |
|||
||Peltopelor |Günther, 1864 |
|||
||Poecilostolus |Günther, 1863 |
|||
||Popeia |Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004 |
|||
|豬鼻蝮屬 |Porthidium |Cope, 1871 |
|||
||Proatheris |Broadley, 1996 |
|||
|原矛头蝮属 |Protobothrops |Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983 |
|||
|拟角蝰属 |Pseudocerastes |Boulenger, 1896 |
|||
||Rhinocerophis |Garman, 1881 |
|||
||Scytale |Meuschen, 1778 |
|||
|华腹属 |Sinovipera |Guo & Wang, 2011 |
|||
* [[四川华蝮]] ''Sinovipera sichuanensis''<ref>Peng Guo and Yuezhao Wang. 2011. A new genus and species of cryptic Asian green pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from southwest China. Zootaxa, 2918: 1-14.: http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/Sinovipera.pdf</ref> |
|||
|侏儒響尾蛇屬 |Sistrurus |Garman, 1884 |
|||
||Teleuraspis |Cope, 1859 |
|||
||Thamnocenchris |Salvin, 1860 |
|||
||Thanatophis |Posada-Arango, 1889 |
|||
||Toxicoa |Gray, 1849 |
|||
||Toxicophis |Troost, 1836 |
|||
||Triceratolepidophis |Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Plauvels, 2000 |
|||
|竹叶青蛇属 |Trimeresurus |Lacepède, 1804 |
|||
||Trimesurus |Gray, 1842 |
|||
|黑綠烙鐵頭屬 |Tropidolaemus |Wagler, 1830 |
|||
||Turanechis |Cherlin, 1990 |
|||
||Urobelus |Reinhardt, 1860 |
|||
||Uropsophus |Wagler, 1830 |
|||
|蝰屬 |Vipera |Laurenti, 1768 |
|||
||Zhaoermia |Gumprechtt & Tillack, 2004 |
|||
}} |
|||
== 参考文献 == |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
{{Snake_families}} |
{{Snake_families}} |
||
{{snake-stub}} |
|||
{{Taxonbar}} |
|||
{{Commonscat|Viperidae}} |
{{Commonscat|Viperidae}} |
||
[[Category:蛇亞目]] |
[[Category:蛇亞目|K]] |
||
[[Category:真蛇下目]] |
[[Category:真蛇下目|K]] |
||
[[Category:蝰 |
[[Category:蝰科|*]] |
||
[[Category:1811年描述的分类群|K]] |
2024年4月2日 (二) 12:50的最新版本
蝰科 | |
---|---|
阿拉伯角蝰 Cerastes gasperetti | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 爬行綱 Reptilia |
目: | 有鳞目 Squamata |
亚目: | 蛇亚目 Serpentes |
下目: | 真蛇下目 Alethinophidia |
演化支: | 非洲真蛇类 Afrophidia |
小目: | 新蛇小目 Caenophidia |
演化支: | 黃頷蛇類 Colubroides |
演化支: | 黃頷蛇形類 Colubriformes |
演化支: | Endoglyptodonta演化支 Endoglyptodonta |
科: | 蝰科 Viperidae Oppel, 1811 |
亞科 | |
蝰蛇科(学名:Viperidae)又名蝮蛇科,是一个分布于全世界的毒蛇科。蝰蛇(Viperinae)和蝮蛇(Crotalinae)是这一科的代表物种,牠们体粗尾细,长着三角形的头。毒液中含有血毒素,有些种类另含神经毒素。毒牙较长,能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与上腭之间有关节,可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有頰窩(红外线感应器官),用以从环境温度中识别猎物的体温。大部分蝰蛇均屬於夜行性动物。
蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长,但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。納米比亞侏膨蝰(Bitis schneideri)至多28厘米,而南美巨蝮(Lachesis muta)卻可达到3.6米。
分類
[编辑]蝰蛇科包括四个亚科:
本科包括以下属:[1]
- Acridophaga Reuss, 1927
- Agkishodon de Beauvois, 1799
- 蝮蛇屬 Agkistrodon de Beauvois, 1799
- Allocrus Santos-Silva & Monné, 2023
- 樹蝰屬 Atheris Cope, 1862
- 跳蝮屬 Atropoides Werman, 1992
- Atropophis Peters, 1872
- Atropos Wagler, 1830
- Azemiops Boulenger, 1888
- 噝蝰屬 Bitis Gray, 1842
- 棕櫚蝮屬 Bothriechis Peters, 1859
- Bothrocophias Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001
- Bothrophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Bothropoides Fenwick, Gutberlet, Evans & Parkinson, 2009
- 矛頭蝮屬 Bothrops Wagler, 1824
- Calloselasma Cope, 1860
- Caudisona Laurenti, 1768
- 夜蝰属 Causus Wagler, 1830
- Cenchris Daudin, 1803
- 角蝰屬 Cerastes Laurenti, 1768
- 山蝮屬 Cerrophidion Campbell & Lamar, 1992
- Chersea Fleming, 1822
- Craspedocephalus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
- Craspedocephalus anamallensis (Günther, 1864)
- Craspedocephalus andalasensis David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006
- Craspedocephalus borneensis (Peters, 1872)
- Craspedocephalus brongersmai Hoge, 1969
- Craspedocephalus gramineus (Shaw, 1802)
- Craspedocephalus macrolepis (Beddome, 1862) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
- Craspedocephalus macrolepis Beddome, 1862
- Craspedocephalus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1854)
- Craspedocephalus occidentalis (Pope & Pope, 1933)
- Craspedocephalus peltopelor Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021
- Craspedocephalus puniceus (Boie, 1827)
- Craspedocephalus rubeus (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)
- Craspedocephalus strigatus (Gray, 1842) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
- Craspedocephalus strigatus Gray, 1842
- Craspedocephalus travancoricus Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021[2]
- Craspedocephalus trigonocephalus (Donndorff, 1798)
- Craspedocephalus wiroti Trutnau, 1981
- Crotalophorus Gray, 1825
- Crotalurus Rafinesque, 1820
- Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758
- Cryptelytrops Cope, 1859
- Daboia Gray, 1842
- Deinagkistrodon Gloyd, 1979
- Dinodipsas Peters, 1882
- Distichurus Hallowell, 1842
- 鋸鱗蝰屬 Echis Merrem, 1820
- Eristicophis Alcock & Finn, 1897
- Garthius Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
- 亞洲蝮屬 Gloydius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
- Halys Gray, 1849
- Heterophis Peters, 1862
- 瘤鼻蝮屬 Hypnale Fitzinger, 1843
- 巨蝮屬 Lachesis Daudin, 1803
- Laophis Owen, 1857
- 鈍鼻蝰屬 Macrovipera Reuss, 1927
- Megaera Wagler, 1830
- Mesovipera Reuss, 1927
- Metlapilcoatlus
- Mixcoatlus Jadin, H.M.Smith & Campbell, 2011
- Montatheris Broadley, 1996
- 山丘蝰属 Montivipera Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann, 1999
- 墨西哥角蝮屬 Ophryacus Cope, 1887
- 烙鐵頭屬 Ovophis Burger, 1981
- Parias Gray, 1849
- Pelias Merrem, 1820
- Peltopelor Günther, 1864
- Poecilostolus Günther, 1863
- Popeia Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
- 豬鼻蝮屬 Porthidium Cope, 1871
- Proatheris Broadley, 1996
- 原矛头蝮属 Protobothrops Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983
- 拟角蝰属 Pseudocerastes Boulenger, 1896
- Rhinocerophis Garman, 1881
- Scytale Meuschen, 1778
- 华腹属 Sinovipera Guo & Wang, 2011
- 侏儒響尾蛇屬 Sistrurus Garman, 1884
- Teleuraspis Cope, 1859
- Thamnocenchris Salvin, 1860
- Thanatophis Posada-Arango, 1889
- Toxicoa Gray, 1849
- Toxicophis Troost, 1836
- Triceratolepidophis Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Plauvels, 2000
- 竹叶青蛇属 Trimeresurus Lacepède, 1804
- Trimesurus Gray, 1842
- 黑綠烙鐵頭屬 Tropidolaemus Wagler, 1830
- Turanechis Cherlin, 1990
- Urobelus Reinhardt, 1860
- Uropsophus Wagler, 1830
- 蝰屬 Vipera Laurenti, 1768
- Zhaoermia Gumprechtt & Tillack, 2004
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Viperidae. GBIF. [2023-10-25]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-09).
- ^ Ashok Kumar Mallik, Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh, Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar, Patrick D. Campbell, Anita Malhotra and Kartik Shanker. 2021. Resolving Pitfalls in Pit Viper Systematics – A Multi-criteria Approach to Species Delimitation in Pit Vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals Cryptic Diversity. Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 577-619. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e66239
- ^ Peng Guo and Yuezhao Wang. 2011. A new genus and species of cryptic Asian green pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from southwest China. Zootaxa, 2918: 1-14.: http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/Sinovipera.pdf