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蝰科:修订间差异

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{{Automatic taxobox
{{更新|time=2019-06-30T09:18:20+00:00}}
| taxon = Viperidae
{{Taxobox
| name = 蝰蛇科
| image = Cerastes gasperetti (hornless).jpg
| image = Cerastes gasperetti (hornless).jpg
| image_caption = [[阿拉伯角蝰]] ''Cerastes gasperetti''
| image_caption = [[阿拉伯角蝰]] ''Cerastes gasperetti''
| authority = Oppel, 1811
| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia
| phylum = [[脊索动物门]] Chordata
| classis = [[爬蟲綱]] Reptilia
| ordo = [[有鳞目]] Squamata
| subordo = [[蛇亚目]] Serpentes
| familia = '''蝰蛇科 Viperidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = 亞科
| subdivision_ranks = 亞科
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
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}}
}}


'''蝰蛇科'''('''Viperidae''')又名'''蝮蛇科''',是一个分布于全世界的毒[[蛇]]科。[[蝰蛇]](Viperinae)和[[蝮蛇]](Crotalinae)是这一科的代表物种,牠们体粗尾细,长着三角形的头。[[毒液]]中含有[[血毒素]],有些种类另含[[神经毒素]]。[[毒牙]]较长,能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与[[上腭]]之间有关节,可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有[[頰窩]]([[红外线]]感应[[器官]]),用以从环境温度中识别猎物的[[体温]]。大部分蝰蛇均屬於夜行性动物。
'''蝰蛇科'''(学名:'''Viperidae''')又名'''蝮蛇科''',是一个分布于全世界的毒[[蛇]]科。[[蝰蛇]](Viperinae)和[[蝮蛇]](Crotalinae)是这一科的代表物种,牠们体粗尾细,长着三角形的头。[[毒液]]中含有[[血毒素]],有些种类另含[[神经毒素]]。[[毒牙]]较长,能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与[[上腭]]之间有关节,可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有[[頰窩]]([[红外线]]感应[[器官]]),用以从环境温度中识别猎物的[[体温]]。大部分蝰蛇均屬於夜行性动物。


蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长,但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。[[納米比亞侏膨蝰]](''Bitis schneideri'')至多28厘米,而[[南美巨蝮]](''Lachesis muta'')卻可达到3.6米。
蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长,但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。[[納米比亞侏膨蝰]](''Bitis schneideri'')至多28厘米,而[[南美巨蝮]](''Lachesis muta'')卻可达到3.6米。
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*[[蝮蛇亞科]] (''Crotalinae'')
*[[蝮蛇亞科]] (''Crotalinae'')
*[[蝰蛇亞科]] (''Viperinae'')
*[[蝰蛇亞科]] (''Viperinae'')

本科包括以下属:<ref>{{cite web |title=Viperidae |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/5024 |website=GBIF |accessdate=2023-10-25 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209071831/https://www.gbif.org/species/5024 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
||Acridophaga |Reuss, 1927
||Agkishodon |de Beauvois, 1799
|蝮蛇屬 |Agkistrodon |de Beauvois, 1799
||Allocrus |Santos-Silva & Monné, 2023
|樹蝰屬 |Atheris |Cope, 1862
|跳蝮屬 |Atropoides |Werman, 1992
||Atropophis |Peters, 1872
||Atropos |Wagler, 1830
||Azemiops |Boulenger, 1888
|噝蝰屬 |Bitis |Gray, 1842
|棕櫚蝮屬 |Bothriechis |Peters, 1859
||Bothrocophias |Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001
||Bothrophis |Fitzinger, 1843
||Bothropoides |Fenwick, Gutberlet, Evans & Parkinson, 2009
|矛頭蝮屬 |Bothrops |Wagler, 1824
||Calloselasma |Cope, 1860
||Caudisona |Laurenti, 1768
|夜蝰属 |Causus |Wagler, 1830
||Cenchris |Daudin, 1803
|角蝰屬 |Cerastes |Laurenti, 1768
|山蝮屬 |Cerrophidion |Campbell & Lamar, 1992
||Chersea |Fleming, 1822
||Craspedocephalus |Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
* ''Craspedocephalus anamallensis'' (Günther, 1864)
* ''Craspedocephalus andalasensis David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006
* ''Craspedocephalus borneensis'' (Peters, 1872)
* ''Craspedocephalus brongersmai Hoge, 1969
* ''Craspedocephalus gramineus'' (Shaw, 1802)
* ''Craspedocephalus macrolepis'' (Beddome, 1862) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
* ''Craspedocephalus macrolepis'' Beddome, 1862
* ''Craspedocephalus malabaricus'' (Jerdon, 1854)
* ''Craspedocephalus occidentalis'' (Pope & Pope, 1933)
* ''Craspedocephalus peltopelor'' Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021
* ''Craspedocephalus puniceus'' (Boie, 1827)
* ''Craspedocephalus rubeus'' (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)
* ''Craspedocephalus strigatus'' (Gray, 1842) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
* ''Craspedocephalus strigatus'' Gray, 1842
* ''Craspedocephalus travancoricus'' Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021<ref> Ashok Kumar Mallik, Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh, Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar, Patrick D. Campbell, Anita Malhotra and Kartik Shanker. 2021. Resolving Pitfalls in Pit Viper Systematics – A Multi-criteria Approach to Species Delimitation in Pit Vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals Cryptic Diversity. Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 577-619. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e66239</ref>
* ''Craspedocephalus trigonocephalus'' (Donndorff, 1798)
* ''Craspedocephalus wiroti'' Trutnau, 1981
||Crotalophorus |Gray, 1825
||Crotalurus |Rafinesque, 1820
||Crotalus |Linnaeus, 1758
||Cryptelytrops |Cope, 1859
||Daboia |Gray, 1842
||Deinagkistrodon |Gloyd, 1979
||Dinodipsas |Peters, 1882
||Distichurus |Hallowell, 1842
|鋸鱗蝰屬 |Echis |Merrem, 1820
||Eristicophis |Alcock & Finn, 1897
||Garthius |Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
|亞洲蝮屬 |Gloydius |Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
||Halys |Gray, 1849
||Heterophis |Peters, 1862
|瘤鼻蝮屬 |Hypnale |Fitzinger, 1843
|巨蝮屬 |Lachesis |Daudin, 1803
||Laophis |Owen, 1857
|鈍鼻蝰屬 |Macrovipera |Reuss, 1927
||Megaera |Wagler, 1830
||Mesovipera |Reuss, 1927
||Metlapilcoatlus |
||Mixcoatlus |Jadin, H.M.Smith & Campbell, 2011
||Montatheris |Broadley, 1996
|山丘蝰属 |Montivipera |Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann, 1999
|墨西哥角蝮屬 |Ophryacus |Cope, 1887
|烙鐵頭屬 |Ovophis |Burger, 1981
||Parias |Gray, 1849
||Pelias |Merrem, 1820
||Peltopelor |Günther, 1864
||Poecilostolus |Günther, 1863
||Popeia |Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
|豬鼻蝮屬 |Porthidium |Cope, 1871
||Proatheris |Broadley, 1996
|原矛头蝮属 |Protobothrops |Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983
|拟角蝰属 |Pseudocerastes |Boulenger, 1896
||Rhinocerophis |Garman, 1881
||Scytale |Meuschen, 1778
|华腹属 |Sinovipera |Guo & Wang, 2011
* [[四川华蝮]] ''Sinovipera sichuanensis''<ref>Peng Guo and Yuezhao Wang. 2011. A new genus and species of cryptic Asian green pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from southwest China. Zootaxa, 2918: 1-14.: http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/Sinovipera.pdf</ref>
|侏儒響尾蛇屬 |Sistrurus |Garman, 1884
||Teleuraspis |Cope, 1859
||Thamnocenchris |Salvin, 1860
||Thanatophis |Posada-Arango, 1889
||Toxicoa |Gray, 1849
||Toxicophis |Troost, 1836
||Triceratolepidophis |Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Plauvels, 2000
|竹叶青蛇属 |Trimeresurus |Lacepède, 1804
||Trimesurus |Gray, 1842
|黑綠烙鐵頭屬 |Tropidolaemus |Wagler, 1830
||Turanechis |Cherlin, 1990
||Urobelus |Reinhardt, 1860
||Uropsophus |Wagler, 1830
|蝰屬 |Vipera |Laurenti, 1768
||Zhaoermia |Gumprechtt & Tillack, 2004
}}

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Snake_families}}
{{Snake_families}}

{{snake-stub}}
{{Taxonbar}}

{{Commonscat|Viperidae}}
{{Commonscat|Viperidae}}
[[Category:蛇亞目]]
[[Category:蛇亞目|K]]
[[Category:真蛇下目]]
[[Category:真蛇下目|K]]
[[Category:蝰科|*]]
[[Category:蝰科|*]]
[[Category:1811年描述的分类群|K]]

2024年4月2日 (二) 12:50的最新版本

蝰科
阿拉伯角蝰 Cerastes gasperetti
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目: 蛇亚目 Serpentes
下目: 真蛇下目 Alethinophidia
演化支 非洲真蛇类 Afrophidia
小目: 新蛇小目 Caenophidia
演化支 黃頷蛇類 Colubroides
演化支 黃頷蛇形類 Colubriformes
演化支 Endoglyptodonta演化支 Endoglyptodonta
科: 蝰科 Viperidae
Oppel, 1811
亞科

蝰蛇科(学名:Viperidae)又名蝮蛇科,是一个分布于全世界的毒科。蝰蛇(Viperinae)和蝮蛇(Crotalinae)是这一科的代表物种,牠们体粗尾细,长着三角形的头。毒液中含有血毒素,有些种类另含神经毒素毒牙较长,能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与上腭之间有关节,可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有頰窩红外线感应器官),用以从环境温度中识别猎物的体温。大部分蝰蛇均屬於夜行性动物。

蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长,但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。納米比亞侏膨蝰Bitis schneideri)至多28厘米,而南美巨蝮Lachesis muta)卻可达到3.6米。

分類

[编辑]

蝰蛇科包括四个亚科

本科包括以下属:[1]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Viperidae. GBIF. [2023-10-25]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-09). 
  2. ^ Ashok Kumar Mallik, Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh, Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar, Patrick D. Campbell, Anita Malhotra and Kartik Shanker. 2021. Resolving Pitfalls in Pit Viper Systematics – A Multi-criteria Approach to Species Delimitation in Pit Vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals Cryptic Diversity. Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 577-619. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e66239
  3. ^ Peng Guo and Yuezhao Wang. 2011. A new genus and species of cryptic Asian green pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from southwest China. Zootaxa, 2918: 1-14.: http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/Sinovipera.pdf