风神龙族：修订间差异
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{{taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = [[白堊紀]]晚期<br>{{fossilrange|93.5|66}} |
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| name = 風神龍科 |
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| image = Aeolosaurus-rionegrinus-JD-2020-1.png |
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| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|93.5|65.5|[[白堊紀]]晚期}} |
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| image_caption = [[風神龍]] |
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| image = |
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| taxon = Aeolosaurini |
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| image_caption = |
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| authority = Franco-Rosas ''et al.'', 2004 |
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| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia |
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| phylum = [[脊索動物門]] Chordata |
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| classis = [[蜥形綱]] Sauropsida |
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| ordo = [[蜥臀目]] Saurischia |
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| subordo = [[蜥腳形亞目]] Sauropodomorpha |
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| infraordo = [[蜥腳下目]] Sauropoda |
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{{Taxobox_norank_entry | taxon = [[泰坦巨龍類]] Titanosauria}} |
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{{Taxobox_norank_entry | taxon = [[岩盔龍類]] Lithostrotia}} |
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| familia = '''風神龍科 Aeolosauridae''' |
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| familia_authority = Franco-Rosas ''et al.'', 2004 |
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| subdivision_ranks = [[屬]] |
| subdivision_ranks = [[屬]] |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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*[[阿達曼提龍]] ''Adamantisaurus'' |
*{{extinct}}[[阿達曼提龍屬]] ''Adamantisaurus'' |
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*[[風神龍]] ''Aeolosaurus'' |
*{{extinct}}[[風神龍屬]] ''Aeolosaurus'' |
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*[[ |
*{{extinct}}[[銀龍屬]]? ''Argyrosaurus'' |
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*{{extinct}}{{link-en|巴西巨龍屬|Brasilotitan}} ''Brasilotitan'' |
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*[[岡瓦納巨龍]] ''Gondwanatitan'' |
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*[[ |
*{{extinct}}[[布拉瓦龍屬]] ''Bravasaurus'' |
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*[[ |
*{{extinct}}[[岡瓦納巨龍屬]] ''Gondwanatitan'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[馬薩卡利神龍屬]]? ''Maxakalisaurus'' |
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*''Panamericansaurus'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[奧韋羅龍屬]] ''Overosaurus'' |
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*''Pitekunsaurus'' |
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*[[ |
*{{extinct}}[[泛美龍屬]] ''Panamericansaurus'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[探索龍屬]] ''Pitekunsaurus'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[高原巨龍屬]] ''Punatitan'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[林孔龍屬]] ''Rinconsaurus'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[寬頸龍屬]] ''Shingopana'' |
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*{{extinct}}[[烏貝拉巴巨龍屬]] ''Uberabatitan'' |
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}} |
}} |
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'''風神龍科''' |
'''風神龍族'''（Aeolosaurini）或'''風神龍科'''（Aeolosauridae），是[[蜥腳下目]][[泰坦巨龍類]]的一個[[演化支]]，來自[[白堊紀]]晚期的[[阿根廷]]與[[巴西]]。Rodrigo M. Santucci和Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos（2011）的系統發育研究認為[[風神龍]]、[[岡瓦納巨龍]]、[[馬薩卡利神龍]]、[[泛美龍]]、[[林孔龍]]屬於風神龍族。<ref name=Santucci2011/> |
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==體徵== |
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在2004年，阿根廷科學家Franco-Rosas等人建立風神龍族，包含[[風神龍]]、[[岡瓦納巨龍]]在內，但不包含[[薩爾塔龍]]、[[後凹尾龍]]的最大[[演化支]]。在2011年，[[湯瑪斯·荷茲]]（Thomas Holtz）將[[阿達曼提龍]]、風神龍、岡瓦納巨龍、[[穆耶恩龍]]、''Panamericansaurus''、''Pitekunsaurus''、[[林孔龍]]歸類於風神龍科<ref name="Holtz2008">Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'' [http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2010.pdf Winter 2010 Appendix.]</ref>。同年，Rodrigo M. Santucci的[[親緣分支分類法]]研究將風神龍、岡瓦納巨龍、[[馬薩卡利神龍]]、''Panamericansaurus''、林孔龍歸類於風神龍科<ref name=A.maximus>{{cite journal |authors=Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos |year=2011 |title=A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03085p033f.pdf |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3085 |pages=1–33}}</ref>。 |
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風神龍族以許多尾椎上的[[共有衍徵]]為特色，例如偏轉的椎體、加長的前關節突、神經棘相對椎體前傾。牠們的尾巴在生前時可能因為以上特徵而強烈下彎，這可能增強{{link-en|尾股長肌|Caudofemoralis}}收縮後腿的力量。<ref name=daSilvaVidal2020/>一些風神龍族如[[寬頸龍屬]]、[[奧韋羅龍]]相對於其他泰坦巨龍類體型較小。<ref name=Gorscak2017/><ref name=Coria2013/>但像巨風神龍則體型較大。<ref name=Santucci2011/> |
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==[[系統發生學]]== |
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風神龍族由Franco-Rosas、Salgado、Rosas和Carvalho（2004）定義為：包含里奧內格羅風神龍、弗氏岡瓦納巨龍在內，但不包含[[薩爾塔龍屬|護甲薩爾塔龍]]、[[斯氏後凹尾龍]]在內的最大演化支。以下兩個演化樹根據Santucci和Arruda-Campos（2011）的風神龍族系統發育關係為基礎，左邊取自Franca等人（2016）、右邊取自Silva等人（2019）：<ref name=Santucci2011/><ref name="francaetal16">{{cite journal|last=França|first=M.A.G.|last2=Marsola|first2=J.C.d A.|last3=Riff|first3=D.|last4=Hsiou|first4=A.S.|last5=Langer|first5=M.C.|year=2016|title=New lower jaw and teeth referred to ''Maxakalisaurus topai'' (Titanosauria: Aeolosaurini) and their implications for the phylogeny of titanosaurid sauropods|journal=PeerJ|volume=4|pages=e2054|doi=10.7717/peerj.2054|pmid=27330853|pmc=4906671}}</ref><ref name="silva19">{{cite journal|last=Silva|first=J.C.G. Jr.|last2=Marinho|first2=T.S.|last3=Martinelli|first3=A.G.|last4=Langer|first4=M.C.|year=2019|title=Osteology and systematics of ''Uberabatitan ribeiroi'' (Dinosauria; Sauropoda): a Late Cretaceous titanosaur from Minas Gerais, Brazil|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4577|issue=3|pages=401–438|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.1}}</ref> |
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{{col-begin|width=75%}} |
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{{col-break}} |
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{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |
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|label1=[[岩盔龍類]] Lithostrotia |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[馬拉威龍]] ''Malawisaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[穆耶恩龍]] ''Muyelensaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|label1=[[納摩蓋吐龍科]] Nemegtosauridae |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[納摩蓋吐龍]] ''Nemegtosaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[塔普亞龍]] ''Tapuiasaurus'' |
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|2=[[掠食龍]] ''Rapetosaurus'' }} }} |
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|label2=薩爾塔龍超科 Saltasauroidea |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[迪亞曼蒂納龍]] ''Diamantinasaurus'' |
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|2=[[包魯巨龍]] ''Baurutitan'' |
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|3=[[伊希斯龍]] ''Isisaurus'' |
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|label4=[[薩爾塔龍科]] Saltasauridae |
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|4={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[阿拉莫龍]] ''Alamosaurus'' |
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|2=[[後凹尾龍]] ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' }} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[內烏肯龍]] ''Neuquensaurus'' |
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|2=[[薩爾塔龍]] ''Saltasaurus'' }} }} |
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|label5='''風神龍族 Aeolosaurini''' |
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|5={{clade |
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|1=[[馬薩卡利神龍]]''Maxakalisaurus'' |
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|2=[[泛美龍]] ''Panamericansaurus'' |
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|3=[[林孔龍]] ''Rinconsaurus'' |
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|4={{clade |
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|1=[[岡瓦納巨龍]] ''Gondwanatitan'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[巨風神龍]] ''Aeolosaurus maximus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[科韋瓦風神龍]]''Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis'' |
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|2=[[里奧內格羅風神龍]] ''Aeolosaurus rionegrinus'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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{{col-break}} |
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{{clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%; |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[馬薩卡利神龍]] ''Maxakalisaurus'' |
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|2=[[塔普亞龍]] ''Tapuiasaurus'' |
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|3=[[三角區龍]] ''Trigonosaurus'' }} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[細長龍]] ''Lirainosaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[葡萄園龍]] ''Ampelosaurus'' |
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|2=[[博妮塔龍]] ''Bonitasaura'' |
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|3=[[無畏巨龍]] ''Dreadnoughtus'' |
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|label4=[[薩爾塔龍科]] Saltasauridae |
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|4={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[阿拉莫龍]] ''Alamosaurus'' |
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|2=[[後凹尾龍]] ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' }} |
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|label2=[[薩爾塔龍亞科]] Saltasaurinae |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[內烏肯龍]] ''Neuquensaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[洛卡龍]] ''Rocasaurus'' |
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|2=[[薩爾塔龍]] ''Saltasaurus'' }} }} }} |
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|label5='''風神龍族 Aeolosaurini''' |
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|5={{clade |
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|1=[[掠食龍]] ''Rapetosaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{link-en|巴西巨龍屬|Brasilotitan}} ''Brasilotitan'' |
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|2=[[烏貝拉巴巨龍]] ''Uberabatitan'' |
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|3={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[巨風神龍]] ''Aeolosaurus maximus'' |
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|label2=[[林孔龍類]] Rinconsauria |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[穆耶恩龍]] ''Muyelensaurus'' |
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|2=[[林孔龍]] ''Rinconsaurus'' }} }} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[奧韋羅龍]] ''Overosaurus'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[岡瓦納巨龍]] ''Gondwanatitan'' |
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|2=[[科韋瓦風神龍]] ''Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis'' |
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|3=[[里奧內格羅風神龍]] ''Aeolosaurus rionegrinus'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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{{col-end}} |
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==發表時間線== |
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id:1700syears value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) |
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id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) |
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id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) |
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id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) |
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 |
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shift:(7,-4) |
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bar:periodtop |
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from: 1910 till: 1920 color:1900syears text:1910s |
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from: 2060 till: 2070 color:2000syears text:2060s |
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from: 2070 till: 2080 color:2000syears text:2070s |
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from: 2080 till: 2090 color:2000syears text:2080s |
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from: 2090 till: 2100 color:2000syears text:2090s |
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from: 1910 till: 2000 color:1900s text:20th |
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from: 2000 till: 2100 color:2000s text:21st |
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PlotData= |
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align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left |
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color:1900s bar:NAM1 at:1987 mark:(line,black) text:[[風神龍]] |
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color:1900s bar:NAM2 at:1999 mark:(line,black) text:[[岡瓦納巨龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM3 at:2003 mark:(line,black) text:[[林孔龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM4 at:2006 mark:(line,black) text:[[阿達曼提龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM5 at:2006 mark:(line,black) text:[[馬薩卡利神龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM6 at:2008 mark:(line,black) text:[[烏貝拉巴巨龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM7 at:2008 mark:(line,black) text:[[探索龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM8 at:2010 mark:(line,black) text:[[泛美龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM9 at:2013 mark:(line,black) text:[[巴西巨龍屬]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM10 at:2013 mark:(line,black) text:[[奧韋羅龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM11 at:2017 mark:(line,black) text:[[寬頸龍屬]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM12 at:2020 mark:(line,black) text:[[布拉瓦龍]] |
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color:2000s bar:NAM13 at:2020 mark:(line,black) text:[[高原巨龍]] |
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PlotData= |
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 |
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from: 1910 till: 1920 color:1900syears text:1910s |
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==參考資料== |
==參考資料== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<ref name=Coria2013>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.2 | volume = 3683| issue = 4| pages = 357| last1 = Coria| first1 = Rodolfo A.| last2 = Filippi| first2 = Leonardo S.| last3 = Chiappe| first3 = Luis M.| last4 = García| first4 = Rodolfo| last5 = Arcucci| first5 = Andrea B.| title = Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov. , a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina| journal = Zootaxa| date = 2013-07-05}}</ref> |
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<references></references> |
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<ref name=daSilvaVidal2020>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/08912963.2020.1745791| pages = 1–21| last1 = da Silva Vidal| first1 = Luciano| last2 = Pereira| first2 = Paulo Victor Luiz Gomes da Costa| last3 = Tavares| first3 = Sandra| last4 = Brusatte| first4 = Stephen L.| last5 = Bergqvist| first5 = Lílian Paglarelli| last6 = Candeiro| first6 = Carlos Roberto dos Anjos| title = Investigating the enigmatic Aeolosaurini clade: the caudal biomechanics of Aeolosaurus maximus (Aeolosaurini/Sauropoda) using the neutral pose method and the first case of protonic tail condition in Sauropoda| journal = Historical Biology| date = 2020-04-13}}</ref> |
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</div> |
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<ref name=Gorscak2017>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/02724634.2017.1343250 | volume = 37| issue = 4| pages = –1343250| last1 = Gorscak| first1 = Eric| last2 = O'Connor| first2 = Patrick M.| last3 = Roberts| first3 = Eric M.| last4 = Stevens| first4 = Nancy J.| title = The second titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania, with remarks on African titanosaurian diversity| journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology| date = 2017-07-04}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Santucci2011>{{cite journal |author1=Rodrigo M. Santucci |author2=Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos |year=2011 |title=A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03085p033f.pdf |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3085 |pages=1–33 |access-date=2012-08-28 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724232528/https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03085p033f.pdf |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03085p033f.pdf |date=20190724232528 }}</ref> |
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{{蜥腳形亞目|T.|state=expanded}} |
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[[Category:泰坦巨龍類|*]] |
[[Category:泰坦巨龍類|*]] |
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[[en:Aeolosauridae]] |
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2024年5月3日 (五) 03:41的最新版本
风神龙族 化石时期：白堊紀晚期
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| 風神龍 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 蜥形纲 Sauropsida |
| 总目： | 恐龍總目 Dinosauria |
| 目： | 蜥臀目 Saurischia |
| 亚目： | †蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha |
| 下目： | †蜥腳下目 Sauropoda |
| 演化支： | †泰坦巨龍類 Titanosauria |
| 演化支： | †岩盔龙类 Lithostrotia |
| 演化支： | †风神龙族 Aeolosaurini Franco-Rosas et al., 2004 |
| 屬 | |
風神龍族（Aeolosaurini）或風神龍科（Aeolosauridae），是蜥腳下目泰坦巨龍類的一個演化支，來自白堊紀晚期的阿根廷與巴西。Rodrigo M. Santucci和Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos（2011）的系統發育研究認為風神龍、岡瓦納巨龍、馬薩卡利神龍、泛美龍、林孔龍屬於風神龍族。[1]
體徵
[编辑]風神龍族以許多尾椎上的共有衍徵為特色，例如偏轉的椎體、加長的前關節突、神經棘相對椎體前傾。牠們的尾巴在生前時可能因為以上特徵而強烈下彎，這可能增強尾股長肌收縮後腿的力量。[2]一些風神龍族如寬頸龍屬、奧韋羅龍相對於其他泰坦巨龍類體型較小。[3][4]但像巨風神龍則體型較大。[1]
風神龍族由Franco-Rosas、Salgado、Rosas和Carvalho（2004）定義為：包含里奧內格羅風神龍、弗氏岡瓦納巨龍在內，但不包含護甲薩爾塔龍、斯氏後凹尾龍在內的最大演化支。以下兩個演化樹根據Santucci和Arruda-Campos（2011）的風神龍族系統發育關係為基礎，左邊取自Franca等人（2016）、右邊取自Silva等人（2019）：[1][5][6]
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發表時間線
[编辑]
參考資料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rodrigo M. Santucci; Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos. A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 3085: 1–33 [2012-08-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-24）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ da Silva Vidal, Luciano; Pereira, Paulo Victor Luiz Gomes da Costa; Tavares, Sandra; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Bergqvist, Lílian Paglarelli; Candeiro, Carlos Roberto dos Anjos. Investigating the enigmatic Aeolosaurini clade: the caudal biomechanics of Aeolosaurus maximus (Aeolosaurini/Sauropoda) using the neutral pose method and the first case of protonic tail condition in Sauropoda. Historical Biology. 2020-04-13: 1–21. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1745791.
- ^ Gorscak, Eric; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Roberts, Eric M.; Stevens, Nancy J. The second titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania, with remarks on African titanosaurian diversity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2017-07-04, 37 (4): –1343250. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1343250.
- ^ Coria, Rodolfo A.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Chiappe, Luis M.; García, Rodolfo; Arcucci, Andrea B. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov. , a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa. 2013-07-05, 3683 (4): 357. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.2.
- ^ França, M.A.G.; Marsola, J.C.d A.; Riff, D.; Hsiou, A.S.; Langer, M.C. New lower jaw and teeth referred to Maxakalisaurus topai (Titanosauria: Aeolosaurini) and their implications for the phylogeny of titanosaurid sauropods. PeerJ. 2016, 4: e2054. PMC 4906671
. PMID 27330853. doi:10.7717/peerj.2054.
- ^ Silva, J.C.G. Jr.; Marinho, T.S.; Martinelli, A.G.; Langer, M.C. Osteology and systematics of Uberabatitan ribeiroi (Dinosauria; Sauropoda): a Late Cretaceous titanosaur from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa. 2019, 4577 (3): 401–438. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.1.
