大不列顛的阿爾弗雷德王子:修订间差异
←建立内容为“{{for|維多利亞女皇的第二子|阿爾弗雷德 (薩克森-科堡-哥達公爵)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox royalty | name…”的新页面 |
无编辑摘要 |
||
(未显示16个用户的30个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{NoteTA |
|||
|G1=PoliticiansUK |
|||
|G2=UK Places |
|||
|G3=People |
|||
|G4=Country |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{for|[[維多利亞女皇]]的第二子|阿爾弗雷德 (薩克森-科堡-哥達公爵)}} |
{{for|[[維多利亞女皇]]的第二子|阿爾弗雷德 (薩克森-科堡-哥達公爵)}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} |
|||
{{Infobox royalty |
{{Infobox royalty |
||
| name =Prince Alfred |
| name = 阿爾弗雷德王子<br /><small>Prince Alfred</small> |
||
| image =Prince Alfred of Great Britain.jpg |
| image = Prince Alfred of Great Britain.jpg |
||
| caption = |
| caption = 阿爾弗雷德王子的畫像<br />[[托馬斯·庚斯博羅]]繪於1782年 |
||
| house =[[ |
| house = [[漢諾威王朝|漢諾威]] |
||
| father =[[ |
| father = [[喬治三世]] |
||
| mother =[[ |
| mother = [[梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨的夏洛特]] |
||
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1780|9|22|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1780|9|22|df=y}} |
||
| birth_place =[[ |
| birth_place = {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=大不列顛}}[[伯克郡]][[溫莎城堡]] |
||
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1782|8|20|1780|9|22|df=yes}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1782|8|20|1780|9|22|df=yes}} |
||
| death_place = {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=大不列顛}}[[伯克郡]][[溫莎城堡]] |
|||
| death_place =Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England |
|||
| burial_date = |
| burial_date = 1782年8月27日 |
||
| burial_place = {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=大不列顛}}[[西敏寺]]<br/>1820年2月11日<br/>{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=英國}}[[溫莎城堡]][[聖喬治禮拜堂]] |
|||
| burial_place =[[Westminster Abbey]]<br/>11 February 1820<br/>[[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]] |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''阿爾弗雷德王子'''({{lang-en|Prince Alfred}},{{bd|1780年|9月22日|1782年|8月20日|catIdx=Y}}),[[漢諾威王朝]]的[[英國王室]]成員,為[[喬治三世]]與[[梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨的夏洛特|夏洛特王后]]的第十四個孩子及幼子,[[喬治四世]]、[[威廉四世 (英國)|威廉四世]]和[[恩斯特·奧古斯特一世]]的幼弟。阿爾弗雷德在[[牛痘|接種天花疫苗]]後生病,不久後便於8月病重不治。阿爾弗雷德逝世後六個月,兄長[[屋大維王子 (大不列顛)|屋大維王子]]亦夭折逝世,二人的死亡為其父母帶來沉痛打擊,喬治三世在晚年精神失常之際仍會產生關於兩個年幼兒子的幻覺。 |
|||
'''Prince Alfred''' (22 September 1780 – 20 August 1782) was a member of the [[British Royal Family]] as the fourteenth child and ninth and youngest son of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] and his queen consort, [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]. Alfred became ill after his [[inoculation]] against the smallpox virus; his early death at the age of nearly two, along with the demise of his brother [[Prince Octavius of Great Britain|Prince Octavius]] six months later, was a shock to their parents. In his later bouts of madness King George would have imagined conversations with both of his youngest sons. |
|||
== |
== 生平 == |
||
阿爾弗雷德王子1780年9月22日生於[[溫莎城堡]]{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=300}},是英國國王[[喬治三世]]與[[夏洛特王后]]的第十四個孩子,也是他們的第九個兒子,即最年幼的兒子。阿爾弗雷德在1780年10月21日滿月時於[[聖詹姆士宮]]受洗,洗禮儀式由時任[[坎特伯雷大主教]]{{link-en|弗雷德里克·康沃利斯|Frederick Cornwallis}}主持,他的教父母包括兩位兄長[[喬治四世|威爾斯親王喬治王子]]、[[腓特烈王子 (約克和奧爾巴尼公爵)|腓特烈王子]],以及長姊[[夏洛特長公主|夏洛特公主]]{{sfn|Sheppard|1894|p=59}}{{sfn|Watkins|1819|p=276}}。作為家庭中的第十四個孩子,他的出生並沒有任何驚喜,但仍然為王室帶來了歡樂,尤其是其姊[[索菲亞公主 (英國)|索菲亞公主]];三姐[[伊莉莎白公主 (英國)|伊莉莎白公主]]指索菲亞稱阿爾弗雷德為「她的孫子」{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=70}}。 |
|||
Prince Alfred was born on 22 September 1780, at [[Windsor Castle]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], [[England]].{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=300}} His father was [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]], his mother [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]. The prince was baptised by [[Frederick Cornwallis]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury|The Archbishop of Canterbury]], in the Great Council Chamber at [[St James's Palace]] on 21 October 1780. His godparents were [[George IV of the United Kingdom|The Prince of Wales]] (his eldest brother), [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|The Prince Frederick]] (his second brother) and [[Charlotte, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]] (his eldest sister).{{sfn|Sheppard|1894|p=59}}{{sfn|Watkins|1819|p=276}} As his parents' fourteenth child and ninth son, his birth was no surprise but it did bring joy to his family, especially to his older sister [[Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom|Sophia]], who, their sister [[Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth]] reported, called the new baby her "grandson".{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=70}} |
|||
=== 逝世和死後的影響 === |
|||
===Death and aftermath=== |
|||
阿爾弗雷德王子於1782年接種了[[牛痘|天花疫苗]],但由於年幼未能抵擋[[牛痘]]病毒導致病情越趨嚴重。同年6月,阿爾弗雷德在其[[女家庭教師]]{{link-en|夏洛特·芬奇|Lady Charlotte Finch}}的陪同下到[[迪爾 (肯特郡)|迪爾]]養病,希望當地海邊的空氣、浸泡海水及[[騎馬]]能夠改善他的狀況{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=75}}{{sfn|Watkins|1819|p=282}}。阿爾弗雷德住在迪爾的時候受到當地人的喜愛,包括一位阿爾弗雷德向其揮手的年長婦女;但同時他的身上開始出現的紅斑及胸腔問題使其感到困擾{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=75}}。當阿爾弗雷德在8月返回[[溫莎城堡]]時,醫生為他進行了檢查,並發現他只剩下數星期的壽命。在經歷多次[[發燒]]及受持續的胸腔問題影響後{{sfn|Fraser|2004|pp=75–76}},阿爾弗雷德王子最終於1782年8月20日在溫莎城堡內逝世,終年不足兩歲{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=300}}{{sfn|Holt|1820|p=251}}。 |
|||
In 1782, Prince Alfred was inoculated against [[smallpox]]. The sickness proved too much for the child and in June he was taken to [[Deal, England|Deal]] with his governess [[Lady Charlotte Finch]] to recover.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=75}}{{sfn|Watkins|1819|p=282}} It was hoped that the sea air, bathing in the water, and horseback riding would improve his condition. While he was there, Alfred endeared himself to many, including an old woman to whom he waved. In spite of his charming disposition, he continued to break out in spots and his chest was troubling him.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=75}} When he returned to [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]] in August 1782, the doctors inspected him and realized that the boy had only weeks to live. After suffering bouts of fever and continuing problems with his chest,{{sfn|Fraser|2004|pp=75–76}} Prince Alfred died on 20 August 1782, at [[Windsor Castle]], [[Berkshire]], not even two years old.{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=300}}{{sfn|Holt|1820|p=251}} |
|||
雖然王室並未因阿爾弗雷德王子的逝世舉行[[喪事]](未滿14歲的英國王室成員舉辦喪事並不符合規定),但阿爾弗雷德的父母均因此受到沉痛打擊。{{link-en|夏洛特·芬奇|Lady Charlotte Finch}}指[[夏洛特王后]]為此「大哭一場」並「使她與國王深受打擊」{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=76}}。1782年8月稍後的時間,夏洛特王后送給芬奇阿爾弗雷德的一縷頭髮,並寫道「收下這個…作為你在我親愛的小天使阿爾弗雷德的生命中親切地出席的致謝,這不單是為了紀念他,亦是一份來自女王的敬意」<ref>{{cite web|title=RA GEO/ADD/15/443a-b - Letter from Queen Charlotte to Lady Charlotte Finch, probably August 1782|url=https://gpp.rct.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DOCUMENTARY|accessdate=2017-02-03|author=|date=|format=|publisher={{link-en|王室收藏信託|Royal Collection}}|language=en|website=Georgian Papers Project|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121012347/https://gpp.rct.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DOCUMENTARY|dead-url=no}}</ref> 。 |
|||
Although the household did not go into mourning (it was not prescribed for royal children younger than fourteen),{{sfn|Fritz|1982|p=305}} his parents took the loss harshly. According to Lady Charlotte Finch, the Queen "cried vastly" and was "very much hurt by her loss and the King also."{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=76}} Later in August 1782 the Queen sent Finch a lock of Alfred's hair stating "Receive This ... as an Acknowledgement for Your very affectionate attendance upon my dear little Angel Alfred, and wear the inclosed Hair, not only in remembrance of that dear Object, but also as a mark of esteem from Your Affectionate Queen".<ref>{{cite web | url =http://gpp.royalcollection.org.uk/Record.aspx?src=Catalog&id=DOCUMENTARY%2f14 | title =RA GEO/ADD/15/443a-b - Letter from Queen Charlotte to Lady Charlotte Finch, probably August 1782 | website =Georgian Papers Project | publisher =[[Royal Collection|Royal Collection Trust]] | access-date =3 February 2017}}</ref> Alfred was buried at [[Westminster Abbey]],{{sfn|Panton|2011|p=39}} though his remains were later moved to the Royal Vault in [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]] on 11 February 1820.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html |title=Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805 |publisher=College of St. George |accessdate=29 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024852/http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html |archivedate=27 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-by-location.html |title=Royal Burials in the Chapel by location |publisher=College of St. George |accessdate=18 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122103842/http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-by-location.html |archivedate=22 January 2010}}</ref>{{sfn|Holt|1820|p=256}} His father continued to dwell on his death, and the sight of Alfred's posthumous portrait in a family painting by [[Thomas Gainsborough]] nearly a year after Alfred's death sent his three eldest sisters into tears.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=77}} Six months after Alfred's death, his elder brother [[Prince Octavius of Great Britain|Octavius]] succumbed to the [[smallpox]] virus, further devastating the king.{{sfn|Black|2006|p=156}}{{sfn|Fraser|2004|pp=74–77}} During one of his bouts of madness in 1812, George would have imaginary conversations with his two youngest sons.{{#tag:ref|Jeremy Black lists these conversations occurring in 1812,{{sfn|Black|2006|p=156}} while Kenneth Panton believes they happened the previous year, in 1811.{{sfn|Panton|2011|p=39}} The King's last bout of madness occurred from 1811 until his death in 1820, so either date is possible.|group="note"}} |
|||
阿爾弗雷德王子死後葬於[[西敏寺]]{{sfn|Panton|2011|p=39}},但在1820年2月11日[[喬治三世]]下令將阿爾弗雷德的遺體遷葬[[聖喬治禮拜堂]]的王室墓穴<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805|url=http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html|accessdate=2011-10-29|author=|date=|format=|publisher=聖喬治學院|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024852/http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html|archivedate=2011-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Burials in the Chapel by location|url=http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-by-location.html|accessdate=2011-11-18|author=|date=|format=|publisher=聖喬治學院|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122103842/http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-by-location.html|archivedate=2010-01-22}}</ref>{{sfn|Holt|1820|p=256}}。喬治三世之後仍然繼續想著阿爾弗雷德之死;[[托馬斯·庚斯博羅]]在阿爾弗雷德逝世一年後所繪畫的一幅他的畫像亦使他三位最年長的姐姐[[夏洛特長公主|夏洛特公主]]、[[奧古斯塔·索菲亞公主]]與[[伊莉莎白公主 (英國)|伊莉莎白公主]]大哭了一場{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=77}}。阿爾弗雷德王子逝世後的六個月,其年長兩歲的兄長[[屋大維王子 (大不列顛)|屋大維王子]]亦同樣因接種牛痘而夭折,使國王感到更加悲痛{{sfn|Black|2006|p=156}}{{sfn|Fraser|2004|pp=74–77}};甚至在喬治三世於1812年的一次精神失常中曾幻想與最年幼的兩名兒子交談{{efn|{{link-en|傑里米·布萊克|Jeremy Black (historian)}}指[[喬治三世]]的這些對話發生在1812年{{sfn|Black|2006|p=156}};而肯尼斯·潘頓(Kenneth Panton)則相信這些對話發生在前一年,即1811年{{sfn|Panton|2011|p=39}}。喬治三世的最後一場精神失常由1811年起持續至其1820年逝世,故兩個日期均有可能。}}。 |
|||
His youngest sister [[Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom|Princess Amelia]] was conceived in the months after Alfred's death, born almost exactly a year after he died.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=78}} The first of George III and Queen Charlotte's children to die,{{sfn|Panton|2011|p=39}}{{sfn|Hibbert|2000|p=99}} Alfred died nearly seventy five years before his older sister [[Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh|Mary]], who was the last survivor of George III and Queen Charlotte's fifteen children.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|pp=398–399}} Alfred is also unique among their first fourteen children for never being an older sibling while he was alive, as the only child younger than him was born after his death.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=}} |
|||
夏洛特王后在阿爾弗雷德王子逝世後的數月便懷上了他最年幼的妹妹,即[[阿米莉亞公主 (英國)|阿米莉亞公主]],並在其死後接近一年後誕下阿米莉亞公主{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=78}}。阿爾弗雷德王子是喬治三世與夏洛特王后的子嗣中第一個逝世的{{sfn|Panton|2011|p=39}}{{sfn|Hibbert|2000|p=99}},並與喬治三世與夏洛特王后最後一名逝世的子嗣、姐姐[[瑪麗公主 (格洛斯特和愛丁堡公爵夫人)|瑪麗公主]]早了近七十五年逝世{{sfn|Fraser|2004|pp=398–399}}。由於他的唯一一個妹妹在其死後才出生,故阿爾弗雷德也是其父母首十四個孩子中唯一一個生前沒有過弟弟或妹妹的孩子{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=}}。 |
|||
==Title and style== |
|||
*22 September 1780 – 20 August 1782: ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince Alfred |
|||
== 頭銜和榮譽 == |
|||
==Ancestry== |
|||
*1780年9月22日-1782年8月20日:阿爾弗雷德王子殿下(His Royal Highness The Prince Alfred) |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
== 祖先 == |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | {{Ahnentafel top|先祖<ref>{{cite book |title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans |trans-title=目前仍在世的歐洲王室政權的國王及王子追溯至四代以前的系譜 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5 |year=1768 |publisher=弗雷德里克·紀堯姆·比恩斯蒂爾 |language=fr |page=5 |access-date=2020-09-30 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112040248/https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5 |dead-url=no }}</ref>}}<center> |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| style = font-size: 85%; |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; |
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; |
||
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: # |
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #dfd; |
||
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; |
|||
| 1 = 1. '''Prince Alfred of Great Britain''' |
|||
| 1 = '''阿爾弗雷德王子''' |
|||
| 2 = 2. [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III of Great Britain]] |
|||
| 2 = '''父:'''[[英國國王]]及[[漢諾瓦統治者列表|漢諾瓦國王]][[喬治三世|喬治三世]] |
|||
| 3 = 3. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] |
|||
| 3 = '''母:'''[[夏洛特王后]] |
|||
| 4 = 4. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] |
|||
| 4 = '''祖父:'''[[威爾斯親王]][[腓特烈 (威爾斯親王)|腓特烈王子]] |
|||
| 5 = 5. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]] |
|||
| 5 = '''祖母:'''[[威爾斯王妃]][[薩克森-哥達-阿爾滕堡的奧古絲塔|奧古絲塔公主]] |
|||
| 6 = 6. [[Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] |
|||
| 6 = '''外祖父:'''[[梅克倫堡統治者列表|梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨公爵]]{{link-en|查爾斯·路易斯·腓特烈|Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg}} |
|||
| 7 = 7. [[Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]] |
|||
| 7 = '''外祖母:'''[[梅克倫堡統治者列表|梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨公爵]]夫人{{link-en|伊麗莎白·艾伯丁郡主|Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen}} |
|||
| 8 = 8. [[George II of Great Britain]] |
|||
| 8 = '''曾祖父:'''[[大不列顛國王]]、[[愛爾蘭國王]]及[[漢諾瓦統治者列表|漢諾瓦選帝侯]][[喬治二世 (英國)|喬治二世]] |
|||
| 9 = 9. [[Caroline of Ansbach|Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]] |
|||
| 9 = '''曾祖母:'''[[卡羅琳 (安斯巴赫)|卡羅琳王后]] |
|||
| 10 = 10. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] |
|||
| 10 = '''外曾祖父:'''[[薩克森-哥達-阿爾滕堡]][[公爵]]{{link-en|腓特烈二世 (薩克森-哥達-阿爾滕堡公爵)|Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|腓特烈二世}} |
|||
| 11 = 11. [[Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]] |
|||
| 11 = '''外曾祖母:'''[[薩克森-哥達-阿爾滕堡]][[公爵]]夫人{{link-en|馬格達萊納·奧古斯塔郡主|Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst}} |
|||
| 12 = 12. [[Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] |
|||
| 12 = '''外曾祖父:'''[[梅克倫堡統治者列表|梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨公爵]][[阿道夫·腓特烈二世]] |
|||
| 13 = 13. [[Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] |
|||
| 13 = '''外曾祖母:'''[[梅克倫堡統治者列表|梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨公爵]]夫人{{link-en|克里斯蒂安妮·埃米莉郡主|Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen}} |
|||
| 14 = 14. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]] |
|||
| 14 = '''外曾祖父:'''[[薩克森-希爾德布格豪森]][[公爵]][[恩斯特·腓特烈一世]] |
|||
| 15 = 15. [[Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach]] |
|||
| 15 = '''外曾祖母:'''愛爾巴赫-愛爾巴赫[[伯爵|女伯爵]]{{link-en|索菲亞·艾伯丁|Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
}}</center> |
|||
{{ahnentafel bottom}} |
|||
== |
== 註釋 == |
||
{{notelist}} |
|||
{{Reflist|group="note"}} |
|||
== |
== 參考來源 == |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|4}} |
||
== |
== 參考書目 == |
||
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} |
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} |
||
*{{cite book |
* {{cite book |last={{link-en|傑里米·布萊克|Jeremy Black (historian)}} |year=2006 |title=George III: America's Last King |url=https://archive.org/details/georgeiiiamerica0000blac |trans-title=喬治三世:美國的最後一個國王 |language=en |publisher=[[耶魯大學出版社]] |isbn=0-300-11732-9 |ref=harv}} |
||
*{{cite book |
* {{cite book |last={{link-en|弗洛拉·福瑞澤|Flora Fraser (writer)}} |year=2004 |title=Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III |trans-title=公主們:喬治三世的六個女兒 |language=en |publisher=[[約翰·默里公司]] |isbn=0-7195-6109-4 |ref=harv}} |
||
* {{cite journal | |
* {{cite journal |last=保羅·S·弗里茨 |year=1982 |title=The Trade in Death: The Royal Funerals in England, 1685-1830 |trans-title=死亡交易:1685-1830年的英格蘭王室喪禮 |language=en |journal={{link-en|十八世紀研究|Eighteenth-Century Studies}} |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=291-316 |doi= 10.2307/2738157 |jstor=2738157 |ref=harv}} |
||
* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |last={{link-en|克里斯多夫·希伯特|Christopher Hibbert}} |year=2000 |title=George III: A Personal History |trans-title=喬治三世:一段個人的歷史 |language=en |publisher={{link-en|基礎書籍出版社|Basic Books}} |isbn=0-465-02724-5 |ref=harv}} |
||
*{{cite book| |
* {{cite book |last=艾德華·霍爾特 |year=1820 |title=His late Most Gracious Majesty, George the Third, Volume 1 |trans-title=最和藹的國王陛下喬治三世的公眾和家庭生活 |language=en |publisher=舍伍德、妮莉和瓊斯 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mWMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=prince+octavius&hl=en&ei=ih1bTtSmK-ni0QHOxOmUCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=prince%20octavius&f=false |ref=harv |access-date=2020-09-30 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112040219/https://books.google.com/books?id=mWMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=prince+octavius&hl=en&ei=ih1bTtSmK-ni0QHOxOmUCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=prince%20octavius&f=false |dead-url=no }} |
||
* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book |last=肯尼斯·J·潘頓 |year=2011 |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |trans-title=英國君主的歷史字典 |language=en |publisher={{link-en|稻草人出版社|The Scarecrow Press}} |isbn=0-8108-5779-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA359&dq=prince+octavius+1783+smallpox&hl=en&ei=inddTsqdFMXngQeHwbn6AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref=harv |access-date=2020-09-30 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112040227/https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA359&dq=prince+octavius+1783+smallpox&hl=en&ei=inddTsqdFMXngQeHwbn6AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q&f=false |dead-url=no }} |
||
* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book |last={{link-en|愛德嘉·舍帕德|Edgar Sheppard}} |year=1894 |title=Memorials of St. James's Palace, Volume 2 |trans-title=聖詹姆士宮的紀念物 |language=en |publisher=[[朗文出版社]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYkxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA419&dq=prince+alfred+1780&hl=en&ei=RR5bTuGKIIPC0AHsr-yTCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CE4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=prince%20alfred&f=false |ref=harv |access-date=2020-09-30 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019061600/https://books.google.com/books?id=pYkxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA419&dq=prince+alfred+1780&hl=en&ei=RR5bTuGKIIPC0AHsr-yTCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CE4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=prince%20alfred&f=false |dead-url=no }} |
||
*{{cite book |
* {{cite book |last={{link-en|約翰·瓦特金斯|John Watkins (writer)}} |year=1819 |title=Memoirs of Her most excellent Majesty Sophia-Charlotte: Queen of Great Britain, Volume 1 |trans-title=索菲·夏洛特王后陛下的回憶錄:大不列顛的王后 |language=en |publisher={{link-en|亨利·科爾本|Henry Colburn}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9NCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA291&dq=prince+octavius+1783+smallpox&hl=en&ei=B4JdTpmaCeHG0AHeh5mbAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgU#v=onepage&q=octavius&f=false |ref=harv |access-date=2020-09-30 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112040238/https://books.google.com/books?id=X9NCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA291&dq=prince+octavius+1783+smallpox&hl=en&ei=B4JdTpmaCeHG0AHeh5mbAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgU#v=onepage&q=octavius&f=false |dead-url=no }} |
||
*{{cite book |
* {{cite book |last={{link-en|艾莉森·韋爾|Alison Weir}} |year=2008 |title=Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy |trans-title=英國王室的完整系譜 |language=en |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-09-953973-5 |ref=harv}} |
||
{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
||
{{英國王子}} |
|||
{{British princes}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alfred of Great Britain, Prince}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alfred of Great Britain, Prince}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:温莎人 (伯克郡)|A]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:18世纪英国人|A]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:大不列颠王子|A]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:英国王子|A]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:漢諾威王朝|A]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:死於天花的人|A]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:葬於溫莎堡聖佐治堂|A]] |
||
[[Category:夭折的王室与贵族成员|A]] |
|||
[[Category:英国国王乔治三世的子女|A]] |
|||
⚫ |
2024年5月12日 (日) 03:45的最新版本
阿爾弗雷德王子 Prince Alfred | |
---|---|
出生 | 大不列顛伯克郡溫莎城堡 | 1780年9月22日
逝世 | 1782年8月20日 大不列顛伯克郡溫莎城堡 | (1歲)
安葬 | 1782年8月27日 |
王朝 | 漢諾威 |
父親 | 喬治三世 |
母親 | 梅克倫堡-施特雷利茨的夏洛特 |
阿爾弗雷德王子(英語:Prince Alfred,1780年9月22日—1782年8月20日),漢諾威王朝的英國王室成員,為喬治三世與夏洛特王后的第十四個孩子及幼子,喬治四世、威廉四世和恩斯特·奧古斯特一世的幼弟。阿爾弗雷德在接種天花疫苗後生病,不久後便於8月病重不治。阿爾弗雷德逝世後六個月,兄長屋大維王子亦夭折逝世,二人的死亡為其父母帶來沉痛打擊,喬治三世在晚年精神失常之際仍會產生關於兩個年幼兒子的幻覺。
生平
[编辑]阿爾弗雷德王子1780年9月22日生於溫莎城堡[1],是英國國王喬治三世與夏洛特王后的第十四個孩子,也是他們的第九個兒子,即最年幼的兒子。阿爾弗雷德在1780年10月21日滿月時於聖詹姆士宮受洗,洗禮儀式由時任坎特伯雷大主教弗雷德里克·康沃利斯主持,他的教父母包括兩位兄長威爾斯親王喬治王子、腓特烈王子,以及長姊夏洛特公主[2][3]。作為家庭中的第十四個孩子,他的出生並沒有任何驚喜,但仍然為王室帶來了歡樂,尤其是其姊索菲亞公主;三姐伊莉莎白公主指索菲亞稱阿爾弗雷德為「她的孫子」[4]。
逝世和死後的影響
[编辑]阿爾弗雷德王子於1782年接種了天花疫苗,但由於年幼未能抵擋牛痘病毒導致病情越趨嚴重。同年6月,阿爾弗雷德在其女家庭教師夏洛特·芬奇的陪同下到迪爾養病,希望當地海邊的空氣、浸泡海水及騎馬能夠改善他的狀況[5][6]。阿爾弗雷德住在迪爾的時候受到當地人的喜愛,包括一位阿爾弗雷德向其揮手的年長婦女;但同時他的身上開始出現的紅斑及胸腔問題使其感到困擾[5]。當阿爾弗雷德在8月返回溫莎城堡時,醫生為他進行了檢查,並發現他只剩下數星期的壽命。在經歷多次發燒及受持續的胸腔問題影響後[7],阿爾弗雷德王子最終於1782年8月20日在溫莎城堡內逝世,終年不足兩歲[1][8]。
雖然王室並未因阿爾弗雷德王子的逝世舉行喪事(未滿14歲的英國王室成員舉辦喪事並不符合規定),但阿爾弗雷德的父母均因此受到沉痛打擊。夏洛特·芬奇指夏洛特王后為此「大哭一場」並「使她與國王深受打擊」[9]。1782年8月稍後的時間,夏洛特王后送給芬奇阿爾弗雷德的一縷頭髮,並寫道「收下這個…作為你在我親愛的小天使阿爾弗雷德的生命中親切地出席的致謝,這不單是為了紀念他,亦是一份來自女王的敬意」[10] 。
阿爾弗雷德王子死後葬於西敏寺[11],但在1820年2月11日喬治三世下令將阿爾弗雷德的遺體遷葬聖喬治禮拜堂的王室墓穴[12][13][14]。喬治三世之後仍然繼續想著阿爾弗雷德之死;托馬斯·庚斯博羅在阿爾弗雷德逝世一年後所繪畫的一幅他的畫像亦使他三位最年長的姐姐夏洛特公主、奧古斯塔·索菲亞公主與伊莉莎白公主大哭了一場[15]。阿爾弗雷德王子逝世後的六個月,其年長兩歲的兄長屋大維王子亦同樣因接種牛痘而夭折,使國王感到更加悲痛[16][17];甚至在喬治三世於1812年的一次精神失常中曾幻想與最年幼的兩名兒子交談[a]。
夏洛特王后在阿爾弗雷德王子逝世後的數月便懷上了他最年幼的妹妹,即阿米莉亞公主,並在其死後接近一年後誕下阿米莉亞公主[18]。阿爾弗雷德王子是喬治三世與夏洛特王后的子嗣中第一個逝世的[11][19],並與喬治三世與夏洛特王后最後一名逝世的子嗣、姐姐瑪麗公主早了近七十五年逝世[20]。由於他的唯一一個妹妹在其死後才出生,故阿爾弗雷德也是其父母首十四個孩子中唯一一個生前沒有過弟弟或妹妹的孩子[21]。
頭銜和榮譽
[编辑]- 1780年9月22日-1782年8月20日:阿爾弗雷德王子殿下(His Royal Highness The Prince Alfred)
祖先
[编辑]先祖[22] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
註釋
[编辑]參考來源
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Weir 2008,第300頁.
- ^ Sheppard 1894,第59頁.
- ^ Watkins 1819,第276頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第70頁.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Fraser 2004,第75頁.
- ^ Watkins 1819,第282頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第75–76頁.
- ^ Holt 1820,第251頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第76頁.
- ^ RA GEO/ADD/15/443a-b - Letter from Queen Charlotte to Lady Charlotte Finch, probably August 1782. Georgian Papers Project. 王室收藏信託. [2017-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-21) (英语).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Panton 2011,第39頁.
- ^ Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805. 聖喬治學院. [2011-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-27) (英语).
- ^ Royal Burials in the Chapel by location. 聖喬治學院. [2011-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-22) (英语).
- ^ Holt 1820,第256頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第77頁.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Black 2006,第156頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第74–77頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第78頁.
- ^ Hibbert 2000,第99頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004,第398–399頁.
- ^ Fraser 2004.
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [目前仍在世的歐洲王室政權的國王及王子追溯至四代以前的系譜]. 弗雷德里克·紀堯姆·比恩斯蒂爾. 1768: 5 [2020-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-12) (法语).
參考書目
[编辑]- 傑里米·布萊克. George III: America's Last King [喬治三世:美國的最後一個國王]. 耶魯大學出版社. 2006. ISBN 0-300-11732-9 (英语).
- 弗洛拉·福瑞澤. Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III [公主們:喬治三世的六個女兒]. 約翰·默里公司. 2004. ISBN 0-7195-6109-4 (英语).
- 保羅·S·弗里茨. The Trade in Death: The Royal Funerals in England, 1685-1830 [死亡交易:1685-1830年的英格蘭王室喪禮]. 十八世紀研究. 1982, 15 (3): 291-316. JSTOR 2738157. doi:10.2307/2738157 (英语).
- 克里斯多夫·希伯特. George III: A Personal History [喬治三世:一段個人的歷史]. 基礎書籍出版社. 2000. ISBN 0-465-02724-5 (英语).
- 艾德華·霍爾特. His late Most Gracious Majesty, George the Third, Volume 1 [最和藹的國王陛下喬治三世的公眾和家庭生活]. 舍伍德、妮莉和瓊斯. 1820 [2020-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-12) (英语).
- 肯尼斯·J·潘頓. Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy [英國君主的歷史字典]. 稻草人出版社. 2011 [2020-09-30]. ISBN 0-8108-5779-0. (原始内容存档于2021-01-12) (英语).
- 愛德嘉·舍帕德. Memorials of St. James's Palace, Volume 2 [聖詹姆士宮的紀念物]. 朗文出版社. 1894 [2020-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-19) (英语).
- 約翰·瓦特金斯. Memoirs of Her most excellent Majesty Sophia-Charlotte: Queen of Great Britain, Volume 1 [索菲·夏洛特王后陛下的回憶錄:大不列顛的王后]. 亨利·科爾本. 1819 [2020-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-12) (英语).
- 艾莉森·韋爾. Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy [英國王室的完整系譜]. Vintage Books. 2008. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5 (英语).