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馬達堵轉測試:修订间差异

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'''馬達堵轉測試'''(blocked rotor test)是鼠籠式[[感應馬達]]的測試,也'''短路測試'''(short circuit test)、'''轉子鎖定測試'''(locked rotor test)或'''失速轉矩測試'''(stalled torque test)<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|title =Motor testing methods|publisher =Electronic Systems of Wisconsin, Inc.|deadurl =yes|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121231225205/http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|archivedate =2012-12-31|df =}}</ref>。此測試可以找出額定電壓下的[[短路]]電流、短路時的[[功率因素]]、馬達的[[電感]]以及啟動[[轉矩]]等資訊<ref>{{cite web|url =http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712|title =Blocked rotor test|publisher =Sakshat virtual labs}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=de Swardt|first=Henk |url=http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf|title =The Locked rotor test explained|publisher =Marthinusen & Coutts (Pty.) Ltd}}</ref>此測試會在低電壓時進行,因為若輸入電壓為額定電壓,通過定子繞組的電流會很大,會使繞組過熱造成損壞<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|title =Motor testing methods|publisher =Electronic Systems of Wisconsin, Inc.|deadurl =yes|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121231225205/http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|archivedate =2012-12-31|df =}}</ref>。繞線式感應馬達因為其啟動轉矩可以依需要調整,不會進行堵轉轉子的轉矩測試,不過鼠籠式感應馬達會進行堵轉轉子的電流測試<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pepm-1m-cC&pg=PA263&dq=Locked+rotor+test&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_vDqT7-NMoizrAfE1uTVBQ&ved=0CFwQuwUwBw#v=onepage&q=Locked%20rotor%20test&f=false|title =Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook|publisher =Newnes}}</ref>。
'''馬達堵{{zy||zhuàn|ㄓㄨㄢˋ|zyun3}}測試'''({{lang-en|blocked rotor test}})又稱'''短路測試'''(short circuit test)、'''{{zy||zhuàn|ㄓㄨㄢˋ|zyun3}}子鎖定測試'''(locked rotor test)或'''失速轉矩測試'''(stalled torque test)<ref name="#1">{{cite web|url =http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|title =Motor testing methods|publisher =Electronic Systems of Wisconsin, Inc.|deadurl =yes|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121231225205/http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|archivedate =2012-12-31|df =}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php |date=20121231225205 }}</ref>,是[[感應馬達]]的測試可以找出[[額定電壓]]下的[[短路]]電流、短路時的[[功率因素]]、馬達的[[電感]](漏感抗)以及啟動[[轉矩]]等資訊<ref name="#2">{{cite web|url =http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712|title =Blocked rotor test|publisher =Sakshat virtual labs|access-date =2018-02-11|archive-date =2020-08-10|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200810235939/http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712|dead-url =no}} {{Wayback|url=http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712 |date=20200810235939 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=de Swardt|first=Henk|url=http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf|title=The Locked rotor test explained|publisher=Marthinusen & Coutts (Pty.) Ltd|journal=|access-date=2018-02-11|archive-date=2011-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516004026/http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf|dead-url=yes}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf |date=20110516004026 }}</ref>此測試會在低電壓時進行,因為若輸入電壓為額定電壓,通過[[定子]][[繞組]]的電流會很大,會使繞組過熱造成損壞<ref name="#1"/>。

對於[[繞線轉子馬達|繞線式感應馬達]],因其啟動轉矩可以依需要調整,不會進行堵轉轉子的轉矩測試;而對於[[鼠笼式电动机|鼠籠式感應馬達]],會進行堵轉轉子的電流測試<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pepm-1m-cC&pg=PA263&dq=Locked+rotor+test&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_vDqT7-NMoizrAfE1uTVBQ&ved=0CFwQuwUwBw#v=onepage&q=Locked%20rotor%20test&f=false|title =Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook|publisher =Newnes}}</ref>。

==測試方式==
在馬達堵轉測試時,會將[[转子]]固定不動<ref name="#2"/>。會用低的交流電壓加到定子繞組端子上,使定子繞組的電流為額定滿載電流,此時量測電流、電壓以及輸入的功率。在轉子靜止時,其[[滑差]](slip)<math> s = 1 </math><ref>{{cite book|last =B.L. Theraja|first=A.K. Theraja| title = Electrical Technology volume 2|publisher= S. Chand|edition=Twenty third revised multicolour|year=2010|page=1317|isbn=81-219-2437-5}}</ref>。IEEE建議輸入電壓的頻率為額定頻率的1/4,因為轉子的等效電阻在低頻下的值和高頻可能不同<ref>{{cite web|last =Knight|first =Dr Andy|url =http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/electrical_machines/induction/parameters/params.html|title =Electrical Machines|publisher =Department of Electrical and Computer engineering, University of Alberta|deadurl =yes|archiveurl =https://archive.today/20121129213048/http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/electrical_machines/induction/parameters/params.html|archivedate =2012-11-29|df =}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121129213048/http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/electrical_machines/induction/parameters/params.html |date=2012-11-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Pitis|first=CD|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dqMYx9A7SR8J:www.eepublishers.co.za/images/upload/femco%2520squirrel.doc+&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg5Rz7fWQUOsorcMSEdx-w1qmBvd52ATrYU2Txc0O4MlIJOxcGYmiX1l6o_Yrwg3LwlChi83gSKgv8iEgHIr7f5mN5cxiXDvpJWo3HJx_ksx1uwqnECdBs_Dib77K8JPqhUu4T2&sig=AHIEtbQMHjRqDCfrS9x7QA8klVs3r2mHEA|title=femco squirrel.doc|publisher=Femco mining motors|journal=|access-date=2022-03-09|archive-date=2016-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419095652/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3AdqMYx9A7SR8J%3Awww.eepublishers.co.za%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Ffemco%2520squirrel.doc+&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg5Rz7fWQUOsorcMSEdx-w1qmBvd52ATrYU2Txc0O4MlIJOxcGYmiX1l6o_Yrwg3LwlChi83gSKgv8iEgHIr7f5mN5cxiXDvpJWo3HJx_ksx1uwqnECdBs_Dib77K8JPqhUu4T2&sig=AHIEtbQMHjRqDCfrS9x7QA8klVs3r2mHEA|dead-url=no}} {{Wayback|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dqMYx9A7SR8J:www.eepublishers.co.za/images/upload/femco%2520squirrel.doc+&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg5Rz7fWQUOsorcMSEdx-w1qmBvd52ATrYU2Txc0O4MlIJOxcGYmiX1l6o_Yrwg3LwlChi83gSKgv8iEgHIr7f5mN5cxiXDvpJWo3HJx_ksx1uwqnECdBs_Dib77K8JPqhUu4T2&sig=AHIEtbQMHjRqDCfrS9x7QA8klVs3r2mHEA |date=20160419095652 }}</ref>。可以用不同的電壓再重做此測試,確認得到的數值是正確的。因為定子上的電流可能會超過額定電流,此測試需迅速進行<ref name="#1"/>。利用此測試得到的數據,可以建構馬達的[[圓線圖]]<ref name="#3">{{cite book|last =Deshpande|first =M.V.|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7rwh4cw4C5gC&pg=PA254&dq=Locked+rotor+test&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_vDqT7-NMoizrAfE1uTVBQ&ved=0CEAQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q=Locked%20rotor%20test&f=false|title =Electrical Machines|publisher =PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd}}</ref>。

==相關計算==

===額定電壓時的短路電流===
<math> I_{S} </math>是電壓在<math> V_{S} </math>時的短路電流<br>
<math> I_{SN} </math>是電壓在額定電壓<math> V </math>時的短路電流<br>
<math> I_{SN} = I_{S} \times \frac {V} {V_{S}}</math>

===短路功率因素===
<math> W_{S} </math>是短路時的總輸入功率<br>
<math> V_{SL} </math>是短路時的輸入線電壓<br>
<math> I_{SL} </math>是短路時的輸入線電流<br>
<math> cos \phi_{S} </math>是短路時的功率因素<br>
<math> cos \phi_{S} = \frac {W_{S}} {{\sqrt{3}} {V_{SL}} {I_{SL}}} </math><ref name="#3"/>

===漏感抗===
<math> Z_{01} </math>是短路時,參考定子的短路阻抗<br>
<math> X_{01} </math>是短路時,參考定子的單相漏感抗<br>
<math> Z_{01} = \frac \text {short circuit voltage per phase} \text {short circuit current} = \frac {V_{S}} {I_{S}} </math>

<math> W_{cu} </math> 是總[[銅損]]<br>
<math> W_{c} </math> 是總[[鐵損]]

<math> W_{cu} = W_{S} - W_{c}</math><br>
<math> W_{cu} = {3} \times{{I_{S}}^{2} {R_{01}}}</math>

<math> R_{01} = \frac {W_{cu}} {3{I_{S}}^{2}}</math>

<math> X_{01} = \sqrt {{Z_{01}}^{2} - {R_{01}^{2}}}</math>

==參考資料==
==參考資料==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==相關條目==
==相關條目==
*[[短路測試]]
*{{le|Open circuit test|Open circuit test}}
*[[開路測試]]
*{{le|Circle diagram|Circle diagram}}
*[[圓線圖]]

*[[堵轉力矩]]
{{技術小作品}}
[[Category:電力電路]]
[[Category:電力電路]]

2024年5月15日 (三) 19:55的最新版本

馬達堵zhuàn測試(英語:blocked rotor test)又稱短路測試(short circuit test)、zhuàn子鎖定測試(locked rotor test)或失速轉矩測試(stalled torque test)[1],是感應馬達的測試,可以找出額定電壓下的短路電流、短路時的功率因素、馬達的漏電感(漏感抗)以及啟動轉矩等資訊[2][3];此測試會在低電壓時進行,因為若輸入電壓為額定電壓,通過定子繞組的電流會很大,會使繞組過熱造成損壞[1]

對於繞線式感應馬達,因其啟動轉矩可以依需要調整,不會進行堵轉轉子的轉矩測試;而對於鼠籠式感應馬達,會進行堵轉轉子的電流測試[4]

測試方式

[编辑]

在馬達堵轉測試時,會將转子固定不動[2]。會用低的交流電壓加到定子繞組端子上,使定子繞組的電流為額定滿載電流,此時量測電流、電壓以及輸入的功率。在轉子靜止時,其滑差(slip)[5]。IEEE建議輸入電壓的頻率為額定頻率的1/4,因為轉子的等效電阻在低頻下的值和高頻可能不同[6][7]。可以用不同的電壓再重做此測試,確認得到的數值是正確的。因為定子上的電流可能會超過額定電流,此測試需迅速進行[1]。利用此測試得到的數據,可以建構馬達的圓線圖[8]

相關計算

[编辑]

額定電壓時的短路電流

[编辑]

是電壓在時的短路電流
是電壓在額定電壓時的短路電流

短路功率因素

[编辑]

是短路時的總輸入功率
是短路時的輸入線電壓
是短路時的輸入線電流
是短路時的功率因素
[8]

漏感抗

[编辑]

是短路時,參考定子的短路阻抗
是短路時,參考定子的單相漏感抗

是總銅損
是總鐵損


參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Motor testing methods. Electronic Systems of Wisconsin, Inc. (原始内容存档于2012-12-31). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Blocked rotor test. Sakshat virtual labs. [2018-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-10). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ de Swardt, Henk. The Locked rotor test explained (PDF). Marthinusen & Coutts (Pty.) Ltd. [2018-02-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-05-16). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook. Newnes. 
  5. ^ B.L. Theraja, A.K. Theraja. Electrical Technology volume 2 Twenty third revised multicolour. S. Chand. 2010: 1317. ISBN 81-219-2437-5. 
  6. ^ Knight, Dr Andy. Electrical Machines. Department of Electrical and Computer engineering, University of Alberta. (原始内容存档于2012-11-29).  Archive.is存檔,存档日期2012-11-29
  7. ^ Pitis, CD. femco squirrel.doc. Femco mining motors. [2022-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-19). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Deshpande, M.V. Electrical Machines. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 

相關條目

[编辑]