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本內蘇鐵目:修订间差异

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{{Taxobox
{{Automatic Taxobox
| taxon = Bennettitales
| authority =
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|三疊紀|漸新世}}
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|三疊紀|漸新世}}
| image = Bennettitales-cycadeoidaceae.jpg
| image = Bennettitales-cycadeoidaceae.jpg
| image_caption= 一株[[拟苏铁科]]植物
| image_caption= [[拟苏铁科]]植物化石
| regnum = [[植物界]] Plantae
| unranked_superdivisio = [[Spermatophyta]]
| divisio = '''本內蘇鐵門 Cycadeoidophyta'''
| classis =
| ordo = '''本內蘇鐵目 Bennettitales''' †
| subdivision_ranks = 科
| subdivision_ranks = 科
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
*[[擬蘇鐵科]] Cycadeoidaceae
*[[Cycadeoidaceae]]
*[[威氏蘇鐵科]] Williamsoniaceae
*[[Williamsoniaceae]]
}}
}}
'''本內蘇鐵目'''(Bennettitales)是'''本內蘇鐵門'''(Cycadeoidophyta)下唯一一目,其下所有植物都已經滅絕。這一類[[種子植物]]最早出現在[[三疊紀]],絕大多數在[[白堊紀]]晚期滅絕<ref name="Speer 2000">Speer, Brian R., 2000. [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/bennettitales.html ''Introduction to the Bennettitales''] (''accessed 13 Oct 2005'').</ref>,只有很少數在[[漸新世]]時還存活著。這部分幸存者的化石發現于澳大利亞東部及[[塔斯馬尼亞]]島上<ref>McLoughlin, S., Carpenter, R.J. & Pott, C., 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales? International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, 574–585.</ref>。
'''本內蘇鐵目'''(Bennettitales)是[[擬蘇鐵門]](Cycadeoidophyta)下唯一一[[ (生物)|目]],其下所有植物都已經滅絕。這一類[[種子植物]]最早出現在[[三疊紀]],絕大多數在[[白堊紀]]晚期滅絕<ref name="Speer 2000">Speer, Brian R., 2000. [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/bennettitales.html ''Introduction to the Bennettitales''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/bennettitales.html |date=20200408143006 }} (''accessed 13 Oct 2005'').</ref>,只有很少數在[[漸新世]]時還存活著。這部分幸存者的化石發現于澳大利亞東部及[[塔斯馬尼亞]]島上<ref>McLoughlin, S., Carpenter, R.J. & Pott, C., 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales? International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, 574–585.</ref>。


本內蘇鐵是[[中生代]]最常見的[[種子植物]]之一,其植株形態為[[灌木]]狀或如[[蘇鐵目|蘇鐵]]般的[[棕櫚科|棕櫚]]狀。從外觀上看,本內蘇鐵的[[葉]]和蘇鐵類植物極為相似,其和蘇鐵的主要區別為更複雜的[[花]]狀[[生殖器官]],且其中一些可能是依靠[[昆蟲]][[授粉]]的。<ref name=":7">{{cite journal |last1=Peñalver |first1=Enrique |last2=Arillo |first2=Antonio |last3=Pérez-de la Fuente |first3=Ricardo |last4=Riccio |first4=Mark L. |last5=Delclòs |first5=Xavier |last6=Barrón |first6=Eduardo |last7=Grimaldi |first7=David A. |title=Long-Proboscid Flies as Pollinators of Cretaceous Gymnosperms |journal=Current Biology |volume=25 |issue=14 |year=2015 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.062 |pages=1917–1923|pmid=26166781 |s2cid=13022302 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
其下有兩個科,[[拟苏铁科]](Cycadeoidaceae)的植物有著短粗的樹幹,[[威氏蘇鐵科]](Williamsoniaceae)的植物樹幹則更為細長。因爲傳粉方式具有很高的相似性,他們有時會被當作[[開花植物]]<ref name="Speer 2000" />。其化石中[[墩果烷]]的含量也指向相同結果<ref name=Taylor2006>{{cite journal|url=http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/179
| doi = 10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2
| title = Biogeochemical evidence for the presence of the angiosperm molecular fossil oleanane in Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-angiospermous fossils
| year = 2006
| author = Taylor, D. W.
| author2 = Hongqi Li
| author3 = Dahl, Jeremy
| author4 = Fago, F. J.
| author5 = Zinneker, D.
| author6 = Moldowan, J. M.
| last-author-amp = yes
| journal = Paleobiology
| volume = 32 | issue = 2


其下有兩個科,[[擬蘇鐵科]](Cycadeoidaceae)的植物有著短粗的樹幹,[[威氏蘇鐵科]](Williamsoniaceae)的植物樹幹則更為細長。因爲傳粉方式具有很高的相似性,他們有時會被當作[[開花植物]]<ref name="Speer 2000" />。其化石中[[墩果烷]]的含量也指向相同結果<ref name=Taylor2006>{{cite journal

|url = http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/179
| pages = 179–90}}</ref>。但還有説法指該目植物與[[蘇鐵]]、[[松柏]]和[[銀杏屬|銀杏]]有著更接近的特徵<ref name=Crepet2000>{{cite journal|url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/24/12939
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.24.12939
|doi = 10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2
|title = Biogeochemical evidence for the presence of the angiosperm molecular fossil oleanane in Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-angiospermous fossils
| title = Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and relationships: Darwin's abominably "perplexing phenomenon"
| year = 2000
|year = 2006
| author = Crepet, W. L.
|author = Taylor, D. W.
|author2 = Hongqi Li
| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
|author3 = Dahl, Jeremy
| volume = 97
|author4 = Fago, F. J.
| pages = 12939–41
|author5 = Zinneker, D.
| pmid = 11087846|issue=24|pmc=34068|bibcode = 2000PNAS...9712939C }}</ref>。
|author6 = Moldowan, J. M.
|last-author-amp = yes
|journal = Paleobiology
|volume = 32
|issue = 2
|pages = 179–90
|access-date = 2017-03-20
|archive-date = 2011-08-27
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110827111334/http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/179
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>。但還有説法指該目植物與[[蘇鐵]]、[[松柏]]和[[銀杏屬|銀杏]]有著更接近的特徵<ref name=Crepet2000>{{cite journal
|url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/24/12939
|doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.24.12939
|title = Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and relationships: Darwin's abominably "perplexing phenomenon"
|year = 2000
|author = Crepet, W. L.
|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
|volume = 97
|pages = 12939–41
|pmid = 11087846
|issue = 24
|pmc = 34068
|bibcode = 2000PNAS...9712939C
|access-date = 2017-03-20
|archive-date = 2007-11-03
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071103041106/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/24/12939
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>。


==参考文献==
==参考文献==
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==外部連接==
==外部連接==
* [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/gymnosperms/cycadeoidophyta/cycadeoidophyta.htm Gymnosperms]
* [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/gymnosperms/cycadeoidophyta/cycadeoidophyta.htm Gymnosperms] {{Wayback|url=http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/gymnosperms/cycadeoidophyta/cycadeoidophyta.htm |date=20150402105835 }}
* [http://www.colby.edu/~ragastal/Paleobotany/mesocommunities.htm Lecture Notes on Mesozoic Mesophytic Communities]
* [http://www.colby.edu/~ragastal/Paleobotany/mesocommunities.htm Lecture Notes on Mesozoic Mesophytic Communities] {{Wayback|url=http://www.colby.edu/~ragastal/Paleobotany/mesocommunities.htm |date=20130903015059 }}
* [http://www.equisetites.de/palbot/taxa/bennettitales.html Weblinks to articles about the Bennettitales]
* [http://www.equisetites.de/palbot/taxa/bennettitales.html Weblinks to articles about the Bennettitales] {{Wayback|url=http://www.equisetites.de/palbot/taxa/bennettitales.html |date=20170227033924 }}
{{Taxonbar}}

[[Category:本內蘇鐵目| ]]
[[Category:本內蘇鐵目| ]]
[[Category:古植物|B]]

2024年5月22日 (三) 09:38的最新版本

本内苏铁目
化石时期:三疊紀漸新世
拟苏铁科植物化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
门: 拟苏铁门 Cycadeoidophyta
目: 本内苏铁目 Bennettitales

本內蘇鐵目(Bennettitales)是擬蘇鐵門(Cycadeoidophyta)下唯一一,其下所有植物都已經滅絕。這一類種子植物最早出現在三疊紀,絕大多數在白堊紀晚期滅絕[1],只有很少數在漸新世時還存活著。這部分幸存者的化石發現于澳大利亞東部及塔斯馬尼亞島上[2]

本內蘇鐵是中生代最常見的種子植物之一,其植株形態為灌木狀或如蘇鐵般的棕櫚狀。從外觀上看,本內蘇鐵的和蘇鐵類植物極為相似,其和蘇鐵的主要區別為更複雜的生殖器官,且其中一些可能是依靠昆蟲授粉的。[3]

其下有兩個科,擬蘇鐵科(Cycadeoidaceae)的植物有著短粗的樹幹,威氏蘇鐵科(Williamsoniaceae)的植物樹幹則更為細長。因爲傳粉方式具有很高的相似性,他們有時會被當作開花植物[1]。其化石中齊墩果烷的含量也指向相同結果[4]。但還有説法指該目植物與蘇鐵松柏銀杏有著更接近的特徵[5]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Speer, Brian R., 2000. Introduction to the Bennettitales页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (accessed 13 Oct 2005).
  2. ^ McLoughlin, S., Carpenter, R.J. & Pott, C., 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales? International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, 574–585.
  3. ^ Peñalver, Enrique; Arillo, Antonio; Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo; Riccio, Mark L.; Delclòs, Xavier; Barrón, Eduardo; Grimaldi, David A. Long-Proboscid Flies as Pollinators of Cretaceous Gymnosperms. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (14): 1917–1923. PMID 26166781. S2CID 13022302. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.062可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Taylor, D. W.; Hongqi Li; Dahl, Jeremy; Fago, F. J.; Zinneker, D. & Moldowan, J. M. Biogeochemical evidence for the presence of the angiosperm molecular fossil oleanane in Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-angiospermous fossils. Paleobiology. 2006, 32 (2): 179–90 [2017-03-20]. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档于2011-08-27). 
  5. ^ Crepet, W. L. Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and relationships: Darwin's abominably "perplexing phenomenon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97 (24): 12939–41 [2017-03-20]. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9712939C. PMC 34068可免费查阅. PMID 11087846. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.24.12939. (原始内容存档于2007-11-03). 

外部連接

[编辑]