本內蘇鐵目:修订间差异
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{{Taxobox |
{{Automatic Taxobox |
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| taxon = Bennettitales |
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| authority = |
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| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|三疊紀|漸新世}} |
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|三疊紀|漸新世}} |
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| image = Bennettitales-cycadeoidaceae.jpg |
| image = Bennettitales-cycadeoidaceae.jpg |
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| image_caption= |
| image_caption= [[拟苏铁科]]植物化石 |
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| regnum = [[植物界]] Plantae |
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| unranked_superdivisio = [[Spermatophyta]] |
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| divisio = '''本內蘇鐵門 Cycadeoidophyta''' |
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| classis = |
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| ordo = '''本內蘇鐵目 Bennettitales''' † |
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| subdivision_ranks = 科 |
| subdivision_ranks = 科 |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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*[[擬蘇鐵科]] Cycadeoidaceae |
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*[[Cycadeoidaceae]] |
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*[[威氏蘇鐵科]] Williamsoniaceae |
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*[[Williamsoniaceae]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''本內蘇鐵目'''(Bennettitales)是 |
'''本內蘇鐵目'''(Bennettitales)是[[擬蘇鐵門]](Cycadeoidophyta)下唯一一[[目 (生物)|目]],其下所有植物都已經滅絕。這一類[[種子植物]]最早出現在[[三疊紀]],絕大多數在[[白堊紀]]晚期滅絕<ref name="Speer 2000">Speer, Brian R., 2000. [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/bennettitales.html ''Introduction to the Bennettitales''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/bennettitales.html |date=20200408143006 }} (''accessed 13 Oct 2005'').</ref>,只有很少數在[[漸新世]]時還存活著。這部分幸存者的化石發現于澳大利亞東部及[[塔斯馬尼亞]]島上<ref>McLoughlin, S., Carpenter, R.J. & Pott, C., 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales? International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, 574–585.</ref>。 |
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本內蘇鐵是[[中生代]]最常見的[[種子植物]]之一,其植株形態為[[灌木]]狀或如[[蘇鐵目|蘇鐵]]般的[[棕櫚科|棕櫚]]狀。從外觀上看,本內蘇鐵的[[葉]]和蘇鐵類植物極為相似,其和蘇鐵的主要區別為更複雜的[[花]]狀[[生殖器官]],且其中一些可能是依靠[[昆蟲]][[授粉]]的。<ref name=":7">{{cite journal |last1=Peñalver |first1=Enrique |last2=Arillo |first2=Antonio |last3=Pérez-de la Fuente |first3=Ricardo |last4=Riccio |first4=Mark L. |last5=Delclòs |first5=Xavier |last6=Barrón |first6=Eduardo |last7=Grimaldi |first7=David A. |title=Long-Proboscid Flies as Pollinators of Cretaceous Gymnosperms |journal=Current Biology |volume=25 |issue=14 |year=2015 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.062 |pages=1917–1923|pmid=26166781 |s2cid=13022302 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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| doi = 10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2 |
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|url = http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/179 |
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|doi = 10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2 |
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|year = 2006 |
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|author = Taylor, D. W. |
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| pmid = 11087846|issue=24|pmc=34068|bibcode = 2000PNAS...9712939C }}</ref>。 |
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|issue = 2 |
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|pages = 179–90 |
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|access-date = 2017-03-20 |
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|archive-date = 2011-08-27 |
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110827111334/http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/179 |
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|dead-url = no |
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|url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/24/12939 |
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|doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.24.12939 |
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|pmid = 11087846 |
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|issue = 24 |
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|pmc = 34068 |
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|bibcode = 2000PNAS...9712939C |
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|access-date = 2017-03-20 |
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|archive-date = 2007-11-03 |
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071103041106/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/24/12939 |
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|dead-url = no |
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}}</ref>。 |
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==参考文献== |
==参考文献== |
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==外部連接== |
==外部連接== |
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* [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/gymnosperms/cycadeoidophyta/cycadeoidophyta.htm Gymnosperms] |
* [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/gymnosperms/cycadeoidophyta/cycadeoidophyta.htm Gymnosperms] {{Wayback|url=http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/gymnosperms/cycadeoidophyta/cycadeoidophyta.htm |date=20150402105835 }} |
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* [http://www.colby.edu/~ragastal/Paleobotany/mesocommunities.htm Lecture Notes on Mesozoic Mesophytic Communities] |
* [http://www.colby.edu/~ragastal/Paleobotany/mesocommunities.htm Lecture Notes on Mesozoic Mesophytic Communities] {{Wayback|url=http://www.colby.edu/~ragastal/Paleobotany/mesocommunities.htm |date=20130903015059 }} |
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* [http://www.equisetites.de/palbot/taxa/bennettitales.html Weblinks to articles about the Bennettitales] |
* [http://www.equisetites.de/palbot/taxa/bennettitales.html Weblinks to articles about the Bennettitales] {{Wayback|url=http://www.equisetites.de/palbot/taxa/bennettitales.html |date=20170227033924 }} |
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{{Taxonbar}} |
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[[Category:本內蘇鐵目| ]] |
[[Category:本內蘇鐵目| ]] |
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[[Category:古植物|B]] |
2024年5月22日 (三) 09:38的最新版本
本内苏铁目 化石时期:
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拟苏铁科植物化石 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
门: | †拟苏铁门 Cycadeoidophyta |
目: | †本内苏铁目 Bennettitales |
科 | |
本內蘇鐵目(Bennettitales)是擬蘇鐵門(Cycadeoidophyta)下唯一一目,其下所有植物都已經滅絕。這一類種子植物最早出現在三疊紀,絕大多數在白堊紀晚期滅絕[1],只有很少數在漸新世時還存活著。這部分幸存者的化石發現于澳大利亞東部及塔斯馬尼亞島上[2]。
本內蘇鐵是中生代最常見的種子植物之一,其植株形態為灌木狀或如蘇鐵般的棕櫚狀。從外觀上看,本內蘇鐵的葉和蘇鐵類植物極為相似,其和蘇鐵的主要區別為更複雜的花狀生殖器官,且其中一些可能是依靠昆蟲授粉的。[3]
其下有兩個科,擬蘇鐵科(Cycadeoidaceae)的植物有著短粗的樹幹,威氏蘇鐵科(Williamsoniaceae)的植物樹幹則更為細長。因爲傳粉方式具有很高的相似性,他們有時會被當作開花植物[1]。其化石中齊墩果烷的含量也指向相同結果[4]。但還有説法指該目植物與蘇鐵、松柏和銀杏有著更接近的特徵[5]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Speer, Brian R., 2000. Introduction to the Bennettitales (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (accessed 13 Oct 2005).
- ^ McLoughlin, S., Carpenter, R.J. & Pott, C., 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales? International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, 574–585.
- ^ Peñalver, Enrique; Arillo, Antonio; Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo; Riccio, Mark L.; Delclòs, Xavier; Barrón, Eduardo; Grimaldi, David A. Long-Proboscid Flies as Pollinators of Cretaceous Gymnosperms. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (14): 1917–1923. PMID 26166781. S2CID 13022302. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.062 .
- ^ Taylor, D. W.; Hongqi Li; Dahl, Jeremy; Fago, F. J.; Zinneker, D. & Moldowan, J. M. Biogeochemical evidence for the presence of the angiosperm molecular fossil oleanane in Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-angiospermous fossils. Paleobiology. 2006, 32 (2): 179–90 [2017-03-20]. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档于2011-08-27).
- ^ Crepet, W. L. Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and relationships: Darwin's abominably "perplexing phenomenon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97 (24): 12939–41 [2017-03-20]. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9712939C. PMC 34068 . PMID 11087846. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.24.12939. (原始内容存档于2007-11-03).