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王蛇屬:修订间差异

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'''王蛇屬'''([[學名]]:''Lampropeltis'')是[[蛇亞目]][[游蛇科]]下的一個無毒蛇[[屬]],屬下的蛇類通稱'''王蛇'''(Kingsnake),或稱'''皇帝蛇''',當中包括著名的[[牛奶蛇]]。王蛇屬的學名「''Lampropeltis''」源自[[希臘語]]「λαμπρος」,意指「閃亮的鱗甲」,形容王蛇屬蛇類色彩華麗的背鱗。
'''王蛇屬'''([[學名]]:''Lampropeltis'')是[[蛇亞目]][[游蛇科]]下的一個無毒蛇[[屬]],屬下的蛇類通稱'''王蛇'''(Kingsnake),或稱'''皇帝蛇''',當中包括著名的[[牛奶蛇]]。王蛇屬的學名「''Lampropeltis''」源自[[希臘語]]「λαμπρος」,意指「閃亮的鱗甲」,形容王蛇屬蛇類色彩華麗的背鱗。


==特徵==
== 特徵 ==
王蛇屬蛇類一般有著豐富多變的斑紋。牠們日常以纏壓方式來殺死獵物,而主要捕食的對象則有其他蛇類、[[蜥蜴]]及[[鼠]]類,也會進食動物的蛋。牠們能抵抗其他蛇類所分泌的[[毒素]],更有捕食[[響尾蛇]]的能力。由於王蛇於眾多蛇類中,擁有能殺死較多其他種類的蛇類的能力,因此才被冠以「王」或「[[皇帝]]」的美譽。另一方面,王蛇也是常見的[[寵物]]蛇之一。
王蛇屬蛇類一般有著豐富多變的斑紋。牠們日常以纏壓方式來殺死獵物,而主要捕食的對象則有其他蛇類、[[蜥蜴]]及[[鼠]]類,也會進食動物的蛋。牠們能抵抗其他蛇類所分泌的[[毒素]],更有捕食[[響尾蛇]]的能力。由於王蛇於眾多蛇類中,擁有能殺死較多其他種類的蛇類的能力,因此才被冠以「王」或「[[皇帝]]」的美譽。另一方面,王蛇也是常見的[[寵物]]蛇之一。


一些王蛇(例如[[猩紅王蛇]])身體顏色及花紋異常斑斕,足以令人誤以為牠們是[[毒蛇]](例如[[珊瑚蛇]])。因此在某些地區中,流傳著一系列的順口溜,如「紅與黃,殺人悍;紅與黑,不必畏(Red and yellow, kill a fellow; red and black, friendly jack 或 venom lack)」,人們誦習這些句子,便能分辨毒蛇(珊瑚蛇)與非毒蛇(王蛇)。然而這些鑑證方法,只適用於[[北美洲]]一帶的珊瑚蛇。
一些王蛇(例如[[猩紅王蛇]])身體顏色及花紋異常斑斕,足以令人誤以為牠們是[[毒蛇]](例如[[珊瑚蛇]])。因此在某些地區中,流傳著一系列的順口溜,如「紅與黃,殺人悍;紅與黑,不必畏(Red and yellow, kill a fellow; red and black, friendly jack 或 venom lack)」,人們誦習這些句子,便能分辨毒蛇(珊瑚蛇)與非毒蛇(王蛇)。然而這些鑑證方法,只適用於[[北美洲]]一帶的珊瑚蛇。


==分類==
== 分類 ==
目前關於王蛇屬的[[分類|分類法]]尚處於討論狀態。一些[[混種]]王蛇的出現,導致各物種的確切地理分布情況不能得到清晰描述,亦令許多[[生物學]]家及[[分類學]]家相當頭痛。
目前關於王蛇屬的[[分類|分類法]]尚處於討論狀態。一些[[混種]]王蛇的出現,導致各物種的確切地理分布情況不能得到清晰描述,亦令許多[[生物學]]家及[[分類學]]家相當頭痛。


==飼育==
== 飼育 ==
王蛇性情溫馴,生活要求較低,容易照料,是一種常見的寵物蛇。餵飼王蛇只須使用適當大小的[[鼠]]類便可,即使是活生生的、已殺死的,甚至經冷藏處理的鼠類,王蛇均能接受(然而建議以冷藏鼠類餵飼,以免活鼠在掙扎時倒過來咬傷王蛇)。王蛇是有趣而溫良的蛇類,較少發動咬擊,亦接受被飼養者徒手把玩。據飼養者觀察,王蛇更會被[[電視機]]所顯示的光所吸引。
王蛇性情溫馴,生活要求較低,容易照料,是一種常見的寵物蛇。餵飼王蛇只須使用適當大小的[[鼠]]類便可,即使是活生生的、已殺死的,甚至經冷藏處理的鼠類,王蛇均能接受(然而建議以冷藏鼠類餵飼,以免活鼠在掙扎時倒過來咬傷王蛇)。王蛇是有趣而溫良的蛇類,較少發動咬擊,亦接受被飼養者徒手把玩。據飼養者觀察,王蛇更會被[[電視機]]所顯示的光所吸引。
雖然王蛇有皇帝的美譽之稱,不過也有誤食"自己"的時候,例如曾發生有一條王蛇(Kingsnake),並不是過於飢餓的緣故,是因獵食完之後很興奮,將自己的尾巴當成食物,竟然毫無警覺的張口把它的蛇尾往肚子裡吞,由於蛇牙咬合作用使得蛇尾無法擺脫,形成有趣的自食現象,還好其飼主發現送醫解救脫困。
雖然王蛇有皇帝的美譽之稱,不過也有誤食"自己"的時候,例如曾發生有一條王蛇(Kingsnake),並不是過於飢餓的緣故,是因獵食完之後很興奮,將自己的尾巴當成食物,竟然毫無警覺的張口把它的蛇尾往肚子裡吞,由於蛇牙咬合作用使得蛇尾無法擺脫,形成有趣的自食現象,還好其飼主發現送醫解救脫困。
<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/6701234/Snake-chokes-on-its-own-tail.html| work=Telegraph.com.uk| title=Snake chokes on its own tail| date=2009-12-01| accessdate=2009-12-03| archive-date=2009-12-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203153457/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/6701234/Snake-chokes-on-its-own-tail.html| dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nownews.com/2009/12/03/11507-2541295.htm| work=[[NOWnews]]| title=動物趣聞/「貪食蛇」誤吃自己尾巴| date=2009-12-03| accessdate=2009-12-03| archive-date=2009-12-05| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205084420/http://www.nownews.com/2009/12/03/11507-2541295.htm| dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/6701234/Snake-chokes-on-its-own-tail.html| work=Telegraph.com.uk| title=Snake chokes on its own tail| date=2009-12-01| accessdate=2009-12-03| archive-date=2009-12-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203153457/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/6701234/Snake-chokes-on-its-own-tail.html| dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nownews.com/2009/12/03/11507-2541295.htm| work=[[NOWnews]]| title=動物趣聞/「貪食蛇」誤吃自己尾巴| date=2009-12-03| accessdate=2009-12-03| archive-date=2009-12-05| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205084420/http://www.nownews.com/2009/12/03/11507-2541295.htm| dead-url=no}}</ref>


==物種和亞種==
== 物種和亞種 ==
[[File:Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata.jpg|thumb|{{link-en|Mole kingsnake}} (''Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata'')]]
[[File:Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata.jpg|缩略图|{{link-en|Mole kingsnake}} (''Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata'')]]
[[File:California kingsnake head looking down.jpg|thumb|California kingsnake (''Lampropeltis californiae'')]]
[[File:Lampropeltis getula getula.jpg|缩略图|{{link-en|Eastern kingsnake}} (''Lampropeltis getula getula'')]]
[[File:Lampropeltis getula getula.jpg|thumb|{{link-en|Eastern kingsnake}} (''Lampropeltis getula getula'')]]
[[File:Speckled King Snake.jpg|thumb|[[Speckled kingsnake]] (''Lampropeltis holbrooki'')]]
王蛇的种类和亚种包括:<ref>{{EMBL genus|genus=Lampropeltis}}</ref>
王蛇的种类和亚种包括:<ref>{{EMBL genus|genus=Lampropeltis}}</ref>
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
*Guatemalan milk snake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis abnorma}}'' ({{link-en|Marie Firmin Bocourt}}, 1886)
*Gray-banded kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis alterna}}'' ([[:fr:Arthur Irwin Brown|A. E. Brown]], 1901)
|Guatemalan milk snake |Lampropeltis abnorma |Marie Firmin Bocourt, 1886)
*Mexican milk snake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis annulata}}'' Kennicott, 1860
|Gray-banded kingsnake |Lampropeltis alterna |(A. E. Brown, 1901)
|Mexican milk snake |Lampropeltis annulata |Kennicott, 1860
*California kingsnake, ''[[加州王蛇]]'' ({{link-en|Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville}}, 1835)
|加州王蛇 |Lampropeltis californiae |Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, 1835)<ref name=Krysko/>
*Prairie kingsnake, ''[[Lampropeltis calligaster]]'' ({{link-en|Richard Harlan}}, 1827)
**Prairie kingsnake, ''L. c. calligaster'' (Harlan, 1827)
|Prairie kingsnake |Lampropeltis calligaster |Richard Harlan, 1827)
**South Florida mole kingsnake, ''L. c. occipitolineata'' [[Robert M. Price (herpetologist)|Price]], 1987
* Prairie kingsnake ''L. c. calligaster'' (Harlan, 1827)
* South Florida mole kingsnake ''L. c. occipitolineata'' [[Robert M. Price (herpetologist)|Price]], 1987
**Mole kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata}}'' ({{link-en|John Edwards Holbrook}}, 1840)
* Mole kingsnake ''Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata'' ({{link-en|John Edwards Holbrook}}, 1840)
*Santa Catalina Island kingsnake, ''Lampropeltis catalinensis'' ({{link-en|John Van Denburgh}} & {{link-en|Joseph Richard Slevin}}, 1921)
|Santa Catalina Island kingsnake |Lampropeltis catalinensis |({{link-en|John Van Denburgh}} & {{link-en|Joseph Richard Slevin}}, 1921)
*{{link-en|Scarlet kingsnake}} or scarlet milk snake, ''Lampropeltis elapsoides'' (Holbrook, 1838)
|Scarlet kingsnake scarlet milk snake |Lampropeltis elapsoides |(Holbrook, 1838)
*Short-tailed snake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis extenuata}}'' ([[:fr:Robert Erwin Brown|Brown]], 1890)
|短尾蛇 |Lampropeltis extenuata |(Brown, 1890)
*Central Plains milk snake, ''Lampropeltis gentilis'' ([[斯賓塞·富勒頓·貝爾德]] & [[查尔斯·弗雷德里克·吉拉德]], 1853)
|Central Plains milk snake |Lampropeltis gentilis |([[斯賓塞·富勒頓·貝爾德]] & [[查尔斯·弗雷德里克·吉拉德]], 1853)
*Common kingsnake, ''[[Lampropeltis getula]]'' ([[卡尔·林奈]], 1766)
|Common kingsnake |Lampropeltis getula |([[卡尔·林奈]], 1766)
**Brooks' kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis getula brooksi}}'' {{link-en|Thomas Barbour}}, 1919
|Brooks' kingsnake |Lampropeltis getula brooksi |Thomas Barbour, 1919
**{{link-en|Florida kingsnake}}, ''L. g. floridana'' ({{link-en|Frank N. Blanchard}}, 1919)
* Florida kingsnake ''L. g. floridana'' ({{link-en|Frank N. Blanchard}}, 1919)
**Eastern kingsnake, ''[[Lampropeltis getula|L. g. getula]]'' (Linnaeus, 1766)
|Eastern kingsnake |Lampropeltis getula |(Linnaeus, 1766)
* L. g. getula (Linnaeus, 1766)
**[[阿巴拉契科拉 (佛罗里达州)]] kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis getula meansi}}'' {{link-en|Kenney Krysko}} & {{link-en|Walter S. Judd}}, 2006
|阿巴拉契科拉王蛇 |Lampropeltis getula meansi |Kenney Krysko & {{link-en|Walter S. Judd}}, 2006
* ''Lampropeltis getula getula'' <ref name=Krysko/>
**{{link-en|Mexican black kingsnake}}, ''L. g. nigrita'' {{link-en|Richard G. Zweifel}} & {{link-en|Kenneth S. Norris}}, 1955
*Greer's kingsnake, ''Lampropeltis greeri'' ([[Robert Graven Webb|Webb]], 1961)
* ''Lampropeltis getula floridana'' <ref name=Krysko/>
* ''Lampropeltis getula meansi'' <ref name=Krysko/>
*Speckled kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis holbrooki}}'' {{link-en|Leonhard Hess Stejneger}}, 1902
*Madrean mountain kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis knoblochi}}'' {{link-en|Edward Harrison Taylor}}, 1940
* 墨西哥黑王蛇 ''Lampropeltis getula nigrita'' {{link-en|Richard G. Zweifel}} & [[肯尼斯·S·諾里斯|Kenneth S. Norris]], 1955<ref name=Krysko/>
*Nuevo León kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis leonis}}'' ([[阿尔伯特·甘瑟]], 1893)
|Greer's kingsnake |Lampropeltis greeri |([[Robert Graven Webb|Webb]], 1961)
*Mexican kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis mexicana}}'' ({{link-en|Samuel Garman}}, 1884)
|Speckled kingsnake |Lampropeltis holbrooki |Leonhard Hess Stejneger, 1902
|Madrean mountain kingsnake |Lampropeltis knoblochi |Edward Harrison Taylor, 1940
**Mexican kingsnake, ''L. m. mexicana'' (Garman, 1884)
|Nuevo León kingsnake |Lampropeltis leonis |([[阿尔伯特·甘瑟]], 1893)
*Ecuadorian milk snake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis micropholis}}'' Cope, 1860
*Black kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis nigra}}'' ({{link-en|H. C. Yarrow}}, 1882)
|墨西哥王蛇 |Lampropeltis mexicana |({{link-en|Samuel Garman}}, 1884)
*Central American milk snake, ''Lampropeltis polyzona'' Cope, 1860
* 墨西哥王蛇指名亚种 ''Lampropeltis mexicana mexicana'' (Garman, 1884)
|Ecuadorian milk snake |Lampropeltis micropholis |Cope, 1860
*Arizona mountain kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis pyromelana}}'' ([[愛德華·德林克·科普]], 1866)
|Black kingsnake |Lampropeltis nigra |({{link-en|H. C. Yarrow}}, 1882)<ref name=Krysko>Kenneth L. Krysko, Leroy P. Nuñez, Catherine E. Newman and Brian W. Bowen. 2017. Phylogenetics of Kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula Complex (Serpentes: Colubridae), in Eastern North America. Journal of Heredity [J Hered]. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw086 </ref>
**Utah mountain kingsnake, ''L. p. infralabialis'' {{link-en|Wilmer W. Tanner}}, 1953
|Central American milk snake |Lampropeltis polyzona |Cope, 1860
**Arizona mountain kingsnake, ''L. p. pyromelana'' (Cope, 1866)
*Ruthven's kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis ruthveni}}'' (Blanchard, 1920)
|Arizona mountain kingsnake |Lampropeltis pyromelana |([[愛德華·德林克·科普]], 1866)
*Desert kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis splendida}}'' (Baird & Girard, 1853)
|Utah mountain kingsnake |L. p. infralabialis |{{link-en|Wilmer W. Tanner}}, 1953
* 亚利桑那山王蛇 ''L. p. pyromelana'' (Cope, 1866)
*{{link-en|Eastern milk snake}}, ''Lampropeltis triangulum'' ([[贝尔纳·热尔曼·德·拉塞佩德]], 1789)
|Ruthven's kingsnake |Lampropeltis ruthveni |(Blanchard, 1920)
*''{{link-en|Lampropeltis webbi}}'' Bryson, {{link-en|James R. Dixon}} & [[David Lazcano|Lazcano]], 2005
*California mountain kingsnake, ''{{link-en|Lampropeltis zonata}}'' ({{link-en|William Neale Lockington}}, 1876 ''ex'' Blainville, 1835)
|Desert kingsnake |Lampropeltis splendida |(Baird & Girard, 1853)
|Eastern milk snake |Lampropeltis triangulum |([[贝尔纳·热尔曼·德·拉塞佩德]], 1789)
**San Pedro kingsnake, ''L. z. agalma'' (Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1923)
||Lampropeltis splendida |<ref name=Krysko/>
**Todos Santos Island kingsnake, ''L. z. herrerae'' (Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1923)
||Lampropeltis webbi |Bryson, {{link-en|James R. Dixon}} & [[David Lazcano|Lazcano]], 2005
**Sierra Nevada mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. multicincta'' (Yarrow, 1882)
|加州山王蛇 |Lampropeltis zonata |({{link-en|William Neale Lockington}}, 1876 ''ex'' Blainville, 1835)
**Coast Ranges mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. multifasciata'' (Bocourt, 1886)
**San Bernardino mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. parvirubra'' Zweifel, 1952
* San Pedro kingsnake, ''L. z. agalma'' (Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1923)
**{{link-en|San Diego mountain kingsnake}}, ''L. z. pulchra'' Zweifel, 1952
* Todos Santos Island kingsnake, ''L. z. herrerae'' (Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1923)
**Saint Helena mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. zonata'' (Lockington, 1876 ''ex'' Blainville, 1835)
* Sierra Nevada mountain kingsnake ''L. z. multicincta'' (Yarrow, 1882)
* Coast Ranges mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. multifasciata'' (Bocourt, 1886)
* San Bernardino mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. parvirubra'' Zweifel, 1952
* San Diego mountain kingsnake ''L. z. pulchra'' Zweifel, 1952
* Saint Helena mountain kingsnake, ''L. z. zonata'' (Lockington, 1876 ''ex'' Blainville, 1835)
}}


{{link-en|short-tailed snake}} (''Stilosoma extenuatum'') (Brown, 1890) 是否屬於王蛇屬尚有爭議<ref>Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink. (2009). "Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 52(#2):524-529.</ref>。
{{link-en|short-tailed snake}} (''Stilosoma extenuatum'') (Brown, 1890) 是否屬於王蛇屬尚有爭議<ref>Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink. (2009). "Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 52(#2):524-529.</ref>。


==外部連結==
== 外部連結 ==
{{Commons category|Lampropeltis}}
*{{en}}[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/search.php?&genus=Lampropeltis&submit=Search TIGR爬蟲類資料庫:王蛇屬]
*{{en}}[http://www.herpcenter.com/ The HC Network: An expanding reptile community site covering numerous species of reptile including Kingsnakes] {{Wayback|url=http://www.herpcenter.com/ |date=20200714211448 }}
*[http://www.desertusa.com/magfeb98/feb_pap/du_kingsnake.html Desert USA: Common Kingsnake] {{Wayback|url=http://www.desertusa.com/magfeb98/feb_pap/du_kingsnake.html |date=20110129085400 }}
*{{en}}[http://www.desertusa.com/magfeb98/feb_pap/du_kingsnake.html Desert USA: Common Kingsnake] {{Wayback|url=http://www.desertusa.com/magfeb98/feb_pap/du_kingsnake.html |date=20110129085400 }}
*[http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=26 Common Kingsnake - Lampropeltis getula] {{Wayback|url=http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=26 |date=20090214005413 }} Species account from the Iowa Reptile and Amphibian Field Guide
*[http://www.mister-toad.com/photos/snake/kingsnake_eat_garter_01.html Kingsnake eating a garter snake] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mister-toad.com/photos/snake/kingsnake_eat_garter_01.html |date=20090118135058 }}
*{{en}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20090217032726/http://www.pet-care-portal.com/king-snake.html Kingsnakes as Pets]
*{{en}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412085931/http://herphangout.com/caresheet.php?sheet=54 Common Kingsnake Care Sheet]
*{{en}}[http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=26 Common Kingsnake - Lampropeltis getula] {{Wayback|url=http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=26 |date=20090214005413 }} Species account from the Iowa Reptile and Amphibian Field Guide
*{{en}}[http://www.mister-toad.com/photos/snake/kingsnake_eat_garter_01.html Kingsnake eating a garter snake] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mister-toad.com/photos/snake/kingsnake_eat_garter_01.html |date=20090118135058 }}


==參考文獻==
== 參考文獻 ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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[[Category:王蛇属|*]]
[[Category:游蛇科|W]]
[[Category:游蛇科|W]]
[[Category: 1843年描述的分类群|W]]
[[Category:1843年描述的分类群|W]]

2024年5月27日 (一) 07:28的最新版本

王蛇屬
化石时期:中新世 –全新世
[1]
灰帶王蛇
Lampropeltis alterna
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目: 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科: 游蛇科 Colubridae
亚科: 黃頷蛇亞科 Colubrinae
属: 王蛇屬 Lampropeltis
Fitzinger, 1843

王蛇屬學名Lampropeltis)是蛇亞目游蛇科下的一個無毒蛇,屬下的蛇類通稱王蛇(Kingsnake),或稱皇帝蛇,當中包括著名的牛奶蛇。王蛇屬的學名「Lampropeltis」源自希臘語「λαμπρος」,意指「閃亮的鱗甲」,形容王蛇屬蛇類色彩華麗的背鱗。

特徵

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王蛇屬蛇類一般有著豐富多變的斑紋。牠們日常以纏壓方式來殺死獵物,而主要捕食的對象則有其他蛇類、蜥蜴類,也會進食動物的蛋。牠們能抵抗其他蛇類所分泌的毒素,更有捕食響尾蛇的能力。由於王蛇於眾多蛇類中,擁有能殺死較多其他種類的蛇類的能力,因此才被冠以「王」或「皇帝」的美譽。另一方面,王蛇也是常見的寵物蛇之一。

一些王蛇(例如猩紅王蛇)身體顏色及花紋異常斑斕,足以令人誤以為牠們是毒蛇(例如珊瑚蛇)。因此在某些地區中,流傳著一系列的順口溜,如「紅與黃,殺人悍;紅與黑,不必畏(Red and yellow, kill a fellow; red and black, friendly jack 或 venom lack)」,人們誦習這些句子,便能分辨毒蛇(珊瑚蛇)與非毒蛇(王蛇)。然而這些鑑證方法,只適用於北美洲一帶的珊瑚蛇。

分類

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目前關於王蛇屬的分類法尚處於討論狀態。一些混種王蛇的出現,導致各物種的確切地理分布情況不能得到清晰描述,亦令許多生物學家及分類學家相當頭痛。

飼育

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王蛇性情溫馴,生活要求較低,容易照料,是一種常見的寵物蛇。餵飼王蛇只須使用適當大小的類便可,即使是活生生的、已殺死的,甚至經冷藏處理的鼠類,王蛇均能接受(然而建議以冷藏鼠類餵飼,以免活鼠在掙扎時倒過來咬傷王蛇)。王蛇是有趣而溫良的蛇類,較少發動咬擊,亦接受被飼養者徒手把玩。據飼養者觀察,王蛇更會被電視機所顯示的光所吸引。 雖然王蛇有皇帝的美譽之稱,不過也有誤食"自己"的時候,例如曾發生有一條王蛇(Kingsnake),並不是過於飢餓的緣故,是因獵食完之後很興奮,將自己的尾巴當成食物,竟然毫無警覺的張口把它的蛇尾往肚子裡吞,由於蛇牙咬合作用使得蛇尾無法擺脫,形成有趣的自食現象,還好其飼主發現送醫解救脫困。 [2][3]

物種和亞種

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Mole kingsnake英语Mole kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata)
Eastern kingsnake英语Eastern kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula getula)

王蛇的种类和亚种包括:[4]

short-tailed snake英语short-tailed snake (Stilosoma extenuatum) (Brown, 1890) 是否屬於王蛇屬尚有爭議[6]

外部連結

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ Lampropeltis Fitzinger 1843. [2018-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-02). 
  2. ^ Snake chokes on its own tail. Telegraph.com.uk. 2009-12-01 [2009-12-03]. (原始内容存档于2009-12-03). 
  3. ^ 動物趣聞/「貪食蛇」誤吃自己尾巴. NOWnews. 2009-12-03 [2009-12-03]. (原始内容存档于2009-12-05). 
  4. ^ 爬行動物數據庫Lampropeltis的數據
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Kenneth L. Krysko, Leroy P. Nuñez, Catherine E. Newman and Brian W. Bowen. 2017. Phylogenetics of Kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula Complex (Serpentes: Colubridae), in Eastern North America. Journal of Heredity [J Hered]. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw086
  6. ^ Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink. (2009). "Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52(#2):524-529.