鈾的同位素:修订间差异
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{{infobox element isotopes |
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⚫ | |||
|infobox_name=uranium |
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|symbol=U |
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|name=鈾 |
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|isotopes={{infobox uranium isotopes}} |
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|isotopes table footnote= |
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|standard atomic weight={{val|238.02891|(3)}} |
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|standard atomic weight ref={{CIAAW2016}} |
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}} |
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⚫ | |||
== 鈾-215與鈾-216 == |
== 鈾-215與鈾-216 == |
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{{Unreferenced section|time=2024-01-25T02:51:06+00:00}} |
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鈾-215與鈾-216都是鈾[[放射性同位素]],是日本[[理化學研究所]]的團隊在2014年嘗試合成重元素[[鈽的同位素]]時所發現的新的鈾同位素。 |
鈾-215與鈾-216都是鈾[[放射性同位素]],是日本[[理化學研究所]]的團隊在2014年嘗試合成重元素[[鈽的同位素]]時所發現的新的鈾同位素。 |
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| num_protons = 92 |
| num_protons = 92 |
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| halflife = 68.9 年 |
| halflife = 68.9 年 |
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| background = #7F7 |
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| decay_product = 釷-228 |
| decay_product = 釷-228 |
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| decay_symbol = Th |
| decay_symbol = Th |
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第54行: | 第63行: | ||
:<sup>208</sup>Pb ({{衰變|穩定}}) |
:<sup>208</sup>Pb ({{衰變|穩定}}) |
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因此 |
因此只用處理鈽用的遮光手套箱进行人工處理是十分危險的。 |
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== 圖表 == |
== 圖表 == |
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{{Isotopes table |
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap" |
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⚫ | |||
|notes=excited, long_lived_decay_product, long_halflife, range, histname, mass_hash, halflife_hash, spin_hash, energy_hash, stable_decay_product |
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}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{核素|鈾|214}}<ref name="PhysRevLett.126.152502">{{cite journal| title = New α-Emitting Isotope {{核素|鈾|214}} and Abnormal Enhancement of α-Particle Clustering in Lightest Uranium Isotopes |
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! rowspan="2" | 符號 |
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|author = 张志远 |
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! rowspan="2" | 歷史<br />名稱 |
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|author2 =杨华彬 |
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! Z({{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Proton}}) |
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|author3 = 黄明辉 |
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! N({{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Neutron}}) |
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|display-authors = etal |
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! 同位素質量([[原子質量單位|u]]) |
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|journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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! rowspan="2" | [[半衰期]] |
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|volume = 126 |
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⚫ | |||
|issue = 15 |
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<ref group="n">各縮寫分別代表:<br>{{link-en|集团衰变|Cluster decay|CD}}: {{link-en|集团衰变|Cluster decay}}<br>{{衰變|EC}}: [[電子捕獲]]<br>[[核異構轉變|IT]]: [[核異構轉變]]<br>[[自發裂變|SF]]: [[自發分裂]]</ref> |
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|pages = 152502-6 |
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! rowspan="2" | [[衰变产物|衰變<br>產物]]<ref group="n">穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示,接近穩定的衰變產物以粗斜體表示。 (通常代表半衰期長於[[宇宙年齡]])</ref> |
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|year = 2021-04 |
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! rowspan="2" | [[原子核]]<br />[[自旋]] |
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|publisher = American Physical Society |
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! rowspan="2" | 相對[[豐度]]<br />([[莫耳]]分率) |
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|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.152502 |
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! rowspan="2" | 相對[[豐度]]<br />([[莫耳]]分率) |
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|url = https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.152502}}</ref> |
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| |
| |
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! colspan="3" | 激發能量 |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| 0.52 [[毫秒]]<ref name="PhysRevLett.126.152502"/>{{rp|3}} |
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⚫ | |||
| [[釷的同位素|<sup>210</sup>Th]] |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{核素|鈾|215}}<ref name="U-215">"New Isotope Candidates, 215U and 216U" http://www.nishina.riken.jp/researcher/APR/APR047/pdf/xxii.pdf</ref> |
| {{核素|鈾|215}}<ref name="U-215">"New Isotope Candidates, 215U and 216U" http://www.nishina.riken.jp/researcher/APR/APR047/pdf/xxii.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.nishina.riken.jp/researcher/APR/APR047/pdf/xxii.pdf |date=20160304065641 }}</ref> |
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| |
| |
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| style="text-align:right" | 92 |
| style="text-align:right" | 92 |
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第81行: | 第102行: | ||
| 2.24 [[毫秒]] |
| 2.24 [[毫秒]] |
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| {{衰變|α}} |
| {{衰變|α}} |
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| <sup>211</sup>Th |
| [[釷的同位素|<sup>211</sup>Th]] |
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| 5/2−# |
| 5/2−# |
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| |
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第87行: | 第108行: | ||
|- |
|- |
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| {{核素|鈾|216}}<ref name="U-215"/><ref>"Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z ≥ 92 |
| {{核素|鈾|216}}<ref name="U-215"/><ref>"Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z ≥ 92 |
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in multinucleon transfer reactions" http://inspirehep.net/record/1383747/files/scoap3-fulltext.pdf</ref> |
in multinucleon transfer reactions" http://inspirehep.net/record/1383747/files/scoap3-fulltext.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://inspirehep.net/record/1383747/files/scoap3-fulltext.pdf |date=20190701115747 }}</ref> |
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| |
| |
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| style="text-align:right" | 92 |
| style="text-align:right" | 92 |
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第134行: | 第155行: | ||
| |
| |
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| |
| |
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⚫ | |||
| rowspan=2|{{核素|鈾|220}} |
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| rowspan=2| |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| rowspan=2|220.02472(22)# |
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| rowspan=2|60# [[奈秒]] |
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⚫ | |||
| <sup>216</sup>Th |
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| rowspan=2|0+ |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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⚫ | |||
| {{衰變|β+}} (不常見) |
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| <sup>220</sup>Pa |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2|{{核素|鈾|221}} |
| rowspan=2|{{核素|鈾|221}} |
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第273行: | 第279行: | ||
| <sup>225</sup>Th |
| <sup>225</sup>Th |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2|<sup>230</sup>U |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 138 |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2|230.033940(5) |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2|20.8 [[日]] |
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| {{衰變|α}} |
| {{衰變|α}} |
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| <sup>226</sup>Th |
| <sup>226</sup>Th |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2|0+ |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[自發裂變|SF]] (1.4×10<sup>−10</sup>%) |
| [[自發裂變|SF]] (1.4×10<sup>−10</sup>%) |
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| (不確定) |
| (不確定) |
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⚫ | |||
| {{衰變|β+}}{{衰變|β+}} (不常見) |
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| <sup>230</sup>Th |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>231</sup>U |
| rowspan=2|<sup>231</sup>U |
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第306行: | 第309行: | ||
| <sup>227</sup>Th |
| <sup>227</sup>Th |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4|[[鈾-232|{{核素|鈾|232}}]] |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4| |
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| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
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第318行: | 第321行: | ||
| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4| |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (8.9×10<sup>−10</sup>%) |
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| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (5×10<sup>−12</sup>%) |
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| '''<sup>204</sup>Hg'''<br><sup>28</sup>Mg |
| '''<sup>204</sup>Hg'''<br><sup>28</sup>Mg |
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|- |
|- |
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第327行: | 第330行: | ||
| (不確定) |
| (不確定) |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4|[[鈾-233|{{核素|鈾|233}}]] |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4| |
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| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
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第342行: | 第345行: | ||
| (不確定) |
| (不確定) |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (7.2×10<sup>−11</sup>%) |
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| <sup>209</sup>Pb<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
| <sup>209</sup>Pb<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (1.3×10<sup>−13</sup>%) |
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| <sup>205</sup>Hg<br><sup>28</sup>Mg |
| <sup>205</sup>Hg<br><sup>28</sup>Mg |
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|- |
|- |
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第363行: | 第366行: | ||
| (不確定) |
| (不確定) |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (1.4×10<sup>−11</sup>%) |
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| <sup>206</sup>Hg<br><sup>28</sup>Mg |
| <sup>206</sup>Hg<br><sup>28</sup>Mg |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (9×10<sup>−12</sup>%) |
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| <sup>184</sup>Hf<br><sup>26</sup>Ne<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
| <sup>184</sup>Hf<br><sup>26</sup>Ne<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
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|- |
|- |
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第394行: | 第397行: | ||
| (不確定) |
| (不確定) |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| [[集团衰变|CD]] (8×10<sup>−10</sup>%) |
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| <sup>186</sup>Hf<br><sup>25</sup>Ne<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
| <sup>186</sup>Hf<br><sup>25</sup>Ne<br><sup>24</sup>Ne |
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|- |
|- |
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第402行: | 第405行: | ||
| ~26 [[分鐘]] |
| ~26 [[分鐘]] |
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| [[核異構轉變|IT]] |
| [[核異構轉變|IT]] |
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| <sup>235</sup>U |
| '''''<sup>235</sup>U''''' |
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| 1/2+ |
| 1/2+ |
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第416行: | 第419行: | ||
| '''''<sup>232</sup>Th''''' |
| '''''<sup>232</sup>Th''''' |
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| rowspan=2|0+ |
| rowspan=2|0+ |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|<10<sup>-11</sup> |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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第529行: | 第532行: | ||
| <sup>236</sup>Th |
| <sup>236</sup>Th |
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|- |
|- |
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| <sup>241</sup>U<ref name=U241>{{cite journal |title=Discovery of New Isotope <sup>241</sup>U and Systematic High-Precision Atomic Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Pa-Pu Nuclei Produced via Multinucleon Transfer Reactions |author1=Niwase, T. |author2=Watanabe, Y. X. |author3=Hirayama, Y. |author4=Mukai, M. |author5=Schury, P. |author6=Andreyev, A. N. |author7=Hashimoto, T. |author8=Iimura, S. |author9=Ishiyama, H. |author10=Ito, Y. |author11=Jeong, S. C. |author12=Kaji, D. |author13=Kimura, S. |author14=Miyatake, H. |author15=Morimoto, K. |author16=Moon, J.-Y. |author17=Oyaizu, M. |author18=Rosenbusch, M. |author19=Taniguchi, A. |author20=Wada, M. |display-authors=3 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=130 |issue=13 |pages=132502-1–132502-6 |year=2023 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.132502 |s2cid=257976576 |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/197980/1/PhysRevLett.130.132502.pdf |access-date=2023-06-28 |archive-date=2023-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803124830/https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/197980/1/PhysRevLett.130.132502.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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| <sup>241</sup>U |
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| style="text-align:right" | 92 |
| style="text-align:right" | 92 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 149 |
| style="text-align:right" | 149 |
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| 241.06031(5)<!--[[WP:CALC]] (unit conversion and error propagation) from the Dalton mass and the mass excess in the paper--> |
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| 241.06033(32)# |
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| ~40 分钟<ref name="u241">{{Cite news |last=Mukunth |first=Vasudevan |date=2023-04-05 |title=In pursuit of a 'magic number', physicists discover new uranium isotope |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/in-pursuit-of-a-magic-number-physicists-discover-new-uranium-isotope/article66699249.ece |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603043310/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/in-pursuit-of-a-magic-number-physicists-discover-new-uranium-isotope/article66699249.ece |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Yirka |first=Bob |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Previously unknown isotope of uranium discovered |language=en |work=[[Phys.org]] |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-04-previously-unknown-isotope-uranium.html |access-date=2023-04-12 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621175005/https://phys.org/news/2023-04-previously-unknown-isotope-uranium.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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| 5# [[分鐘]] |
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| {{衰 |
| {{衰变|β-}} |
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| <sup>241</sup>Np |
| <sup>241</sup>Np |
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| 7/2+# |
| 7/2+# |
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'''備註:'''畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的證明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。 |
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{{Isotope box | 這一個= 鈾的同位素 | 前一個= 鏷的同位素 |下一個= 錼的同位素 }} |
{{Isotope box | 這一個= 鈾的同位素 | 前一個= 鏷的同位素 |下一個= 錼的同位素 }} |
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== 参考文獻 == |
== 参考文獻 == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* Isotope masses from [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in ''Nuclear Physics'' A729 (2003). |
* Isotope masses from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923134436/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in ''Nuclear Physics'' A729 (2003). |
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* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)]. ''Pure Appl. Chem.'' Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html Atomic Weights Revised (2005)]. |
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html |date=20110324090740 }}. ''Pure Appl. Chem.'' Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html Atomic Weights Revised (2005)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html |date=20080305062433 }}. |
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* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page. |
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page. |
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** Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties], Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003). |
** Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties] {{Wayback|url=http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html |date=20110716114059 }}, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003). |
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** National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] (retrieved Sept. 2005). |
** National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ |date=20190513230730 }} (retrieved Sept. 2005). |
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** David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition'', online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes. |
** David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition'', online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes. |
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2024年6月2日 (日) 23:59的最新版本
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鈾是一個天然放射性元素,沒有任何穩定的同位素,但是有兩個同位素擁有非常長的半衰期,分別是鈾-235和鈾-238,其與衰變產物鈾-234分布在地殼中,其數量也不少。存於自然界的鈾其相對原子質量為238.02891(3)。
鈾-215與鈾-216
[编辑]鈾-215與鈾-216都是鈾放射性同位素,是日本理化學研究所的團隊在2014年嘗試合成重元素鈽的同位素時所發現的新的鈾同位素。
2014年日本理研在應合成鈽-220,然後發現鈾-216是鈽-220的衰變產物,接著理研究開始研究鈾-216,並且嘗試利用氪撞擊鋇靶合成鈾-216,反應方程式如下:
然後又發現了鈾-215。
鈾-215的半衰期約為2.24毫秒、鈾-216的半衰期較長,約為4.3毫秒,兩者都會通過α衰變衰變成釷。
鈾-232
[编辑]基本 | |
---|---|
符號 | 232U |
名稱 | 鈾的同位素、U-232、U-232 |
原子序 | 92 |
中子數 | 140 |
核素数据 | |
半衰期 | 68.9 年 |
母同位素 | 236Pu (α) 232Np (β+) 232Pa |
衰变产物 | 228Th |
鈾的同位素 完整核素表 |
鈾-232(232
92U
140、232
U
、U-232)是鈾的一種同位素,具有68年10個月又24天的半衰期,是釷循環的副產物。由於鈾-232可以製成使用鈾-233裂變的核武器,而且鈾-232的衰變產物會放出強烈的γ輻射,也使得鈾-233的污染十分難以處理,因此它已被列為核武器擴散的管制物品。
透過釷-232照射中子而合成的鈾-233必會有少量的鈾232雜質,因為鈾-233與鏷-233本身會有(n,2n)的寄生反應:
- 232Th (n,γ) 233Th (β−) 233Pa (β−) 233U (n,2n) 232U
- 232Th (n,γ) 233Th (β−) 233Pa (n,2n) 232Pa (β−) 232U
鈾-232的衰變鏈會迅速產生強烈的伽瑪射線,可以做為伽瑪射線源:
- 232U (α衰變, 68.9 年)
- 228Th (α衰變, 1.9 年)
- 224Ra (α衰變, 3.6 天 , 0.24 MeV) (到了這個同位素後,衰變鏈與232Th相同)
- 220Rn (α衰變, 55 秒, 0.54 MeV)
- 216Po (α衰變, 0.15 秒)
- 212Pb (β−衰變, 10.64 小時)
- 212Bi (α衰變, 61 分鐘, 0.78 MeV)
- 208Tl (β−衰變, 3 分鐘, 2.6 MeV) (分支比例35.94%)
- 208Pb (稳定)
因此只用處理鈽用的遮光手套箱进行人工處理是十分危險的。
圖表
[编辑]符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 4][n 5] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量[n 1][n 2] | ||||||||||
214 U [3] |
92 | 122 | 0.52 毫秒[3]:3 | α | 210Th | |||||
215 U [4] |
92 | 123 | 2.24 毫秒 | α | 211Th | 5/2−# | ||||
216 U [4][5] |
92 | 124 | 4.3 毫秒 | α | 212Th | 0+ | ||||
217 U |
92 | 125 | 217.02437(9) | 26(14) 毫秒 [16(+21−6) 毫秒] |
α | 213Th | 1/2−# | |||
218 U |
92 | 126 | 218.02354(3) | 6(5) 毫秒 | α | 214Th | 0+ | |||
219 U |
92 | 127 | 219.02492(6) | 55(25) 微秒 [42(+34−13) 微秒] |
α | 215Th | 9/2+# | |||
221 U |
92 | 129 | 221.02640(11)# | 700# 奈秒 | α | 217Th | 9/2+# | |||
β+ (不常見) | 221Pa | |||||||||
222 U |
92 | 130 | 222.02609(11)# | 1.4(7) 微秒 [1.0(+10−4) 微秒] |
α | 218Th | 0+ | |||
β+ (10−6%) | 222Pa | |||||||||
223 U |
92 | 131 | 223.02774(8) | 21(8) 微秒 [18(+10−5) 微秒] |
α | 219Th | 7/2+# | |||
224 U |
92 | 132 | 224.027605(27) | 940(270) 微秒 | α | 220Th | 0+ | |||
225 U |
92 | 133 | 225.02939# | 61(4) 毫秒 | α | 221Th | (5/2+)# | |||
226U | 92 | 134 | 226.029339(14) | 269(6) 毫秒 | α | 222Th | 0+ | |||
227U | 92 | 135 | 227.031156(18) | 1.1(1) 分鐘 | α | 223Th | (3/2+) | |||
β+ (.001%) | 227Pa | |||||||||
228U | 92 | 136 | 228.031374(16) | 9.1(2) 分鐘 | α (95%) | 224Th | 0+ | |||
ε (5%) | 228Pa | |||||||||
229U | 92 | 137 | 229.033506(6) | 58(3) 分鐘 | β+ (80%) | 229Pa | (3/2+) | |||
α (20%) | 225Th | |||||||||
230U | 92 | 138 | 230.033940(5) | 20.8 日 | α | 226Th | 0+ | |||
SF (1.4×10−10%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
231U | 92 | 139 | 231.036294(3) | 4.2(1) 日 | ε | 231Pa | (5/2)(+#) | |||
α (.004%) | 227Th | |||||||||
232 U |
92 | 140 | 232.0371562(24) | 68.9(4) 年 | α | 228Th | 0+ | |||
CD (8.9×10−10%) | 208Pb 24Ne | |||||||||
CD (5×10−12%) | 204Hg 28Mg | |||||||||
SF (10−12%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
233 U |
92 | 141 | 233.0396352(29) | 1.592(2)×105 年 | α | 229Th | 5/2+ | |||
SF (6×10−9%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
CD (7.2×10−11%) | 209Pb 24Ne | |||||||||
CD (1.3×10−13%) | 205Hg 28Mg | |||||||||
234 U [n 6][n 7] |
Uranium II | 92 | 142 | 234.0409521(20) | 2.455(6)×105 年 | α | 230Th | 0+ | [0.000054(5)][n 8] | 0.000050– 0.000059 |
SF (1.73×10−9%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
CD (1.4×10−11%) | 206Hg 28Mg | |||||||||
CD (9×10−12%) | 184Hf 26Ne 24Ne | |||||||||
234mU | 1421.32(10) keV | 33.5(20) 毫秒 | 6− | |||||||
235 U [n 9][n 10][n 11] |
Actin Uranium Actino-Uranium |
92 | 143 | 235.0439299(20) | 7.04(1)×108 年 | α | 231Th | 7/2− | [0.007204(6)] | 0.007198– 0.007207 |
SF (7×10−9%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
CD (8×10−10%) | 186Hf 25Ne 24Ne | |||||||||
235mU | 0.0765(4) keV | ~26 分鐘 | IT | 235U | 1/2+ | |||||
236 U |
92 | 144 | 236.045568(2) | 2.342(3)×107 年 | α | 232Th | 0+ | <10-11 | ||
SF (9.6×10−8%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
236m1U | 1052.89(19) keV | 100(4) 奈秒 | (4)− | |||||||
236m2U | 2750(10) keV | 120(2) 奈秒 | (0+) | |||||||
237U | 92 | 145 | 237.0487302(20) | 6.75(1) 日 | β− | 237Np | 1/2+ | |||
238U[n 7][n 9][n 10] | Uranium I | 92 | 146 | 238.0507882(20) | 4.468(3)×109 年 | α | 234Th | 0+ | [0.992742(10)] | 0.992739– 0.992752 |
SF (5.45×10−5%) | (不確定) | |||||||||
β−β− (2.19×10−10%) | 238Pu | |||||||||
238mU | 2557.9(5) keV | 280(6) 奈秒 | 0+ | |||||||
239U | 92 | 147 | 239.0542933(21) | 23.45(2) 分鐘 | β− | 239Np | 5/2+ | |||
239m1U | 20(20)# keV | >250 奈秒 | (5/2+) | |||||||
239m2U | 133.7990(10) keV | 780(40) 奈秒 | 1/2+ | |||||||
240U | 92 | 148 | 240.056592(6) | 14.1(1) 小時 | β− | 240Np | 0+ | |||
α (10−10%) | 236Th | |||||||||
241U[6] | 92 | 149 | 241.06031(5) | ~40 分钟[7][8] | β− | 241Np | 7/2+# | |||
242U | 92 | 150 | 242.06293(22)# | 16.8(5) 分鐘 | β− | 242Np | 0+ |
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鏷的同位素 | 鈾的同位素 | 錼的同位素 |
註釋
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗體表示。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
- ^ 可用於鈾-釷定年
- ^ 7.0 7.1 可用於鈾-鈾定年
- ^ 238U衰變的中等衰變產物
- ^ 9.0 9.1 原始放射性核素
- ^ 10.0 10.1 可用於鈾-鉛定年
- ^ 在核反應堆中是十分重要的燃料
参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2016-02-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 张志远; 杨华彬; 黄明辉; et al. New α-Emitting Isotope 214
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- ^ "Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z ≥ 92 in multinucleon transfer reactions" http://inspirehep.net/record/1383747/files/scoap3-fulltext.pdf (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Niwase, T.; Watanabe, Y. X.; Hirayama, Y.; et al. Discovery of New Isotope 241U and Systematic High-Precision Atomic Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Pa-Pu Nuclei Produced via Multinucleon Transfer Reactions (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2023, 130 (13): 132502–1–132502–6 [2023-06-28]. S2CID 257976576. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.132502. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-03).
- ^ Mukunth, Vasudevan. In pursuit of a 'magic number', physicists discover new uranium isotope. The Hindu. 2023-04-05 [2023-04-12]. ISSN 0971-751X. (原始内容存档于2023-06-03) (印度英语).
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