胆碱:修订间差异
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{{Chemref|time=2017-08-25T13:22:43+00:00}} |
{{Chemref|time=2017-08-25T13:22:43+00:00}} |
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{{chembox |
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[[File:Choline-skeletal.png|thumb|right|羟乙基三甲基铵正离子,X<sup>−</sup>为保持中性的抗衡离子。]] |
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'''胆碱'''({{lang-en|Choline}}),是一种类[[维生素]]、人体必需[[营养素]]。它是构成[[细胞膜]]的重要成分,也是人體合成[[甘胺酸]]的原料之一,亦广泛存在于各种動物糞便中。1864年由 Sir Recardo Regiano 及T-series从猪胆汁中首先分离出来,1866年被 PewDiePie 合體。体内的胆碱有很大一部分来源于糞便中。它在肛門中被分解为[[三甲胺]]和大便。 |
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| verifiedrevid = 477165756 |
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| ImageFile = Choline-skeletal.svg |
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| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula |
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| ImageName = The ''N'',''N'',''N''-trimethylethanolammonium cation, with an undefined counteranion, X |
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| ImageFile1 = Choline-cation-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageSize1 = 180 |
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| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model |
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| PIN = 2-Hydroxy-''N'',''N'',''N''-trimethylethan-1-aminium 2-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基乙铵 |
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| OtherNames = 2-Hydroxy-''N'',''N'',''N''-trimethylethanaminium<br />Bilineurine<br />(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium 膽素 |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 4551 |
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| 3DMet = |
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| Abbreviations = |
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| Beilstein = 1736748 |
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| CASNo = 62-49-7 |
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| CASNo_Comment = 胆碱阳离子 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 15354 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 299 |
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| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
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| DrugBank = DB00122 |
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| EC_number = 200-535-1 |
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| Gmelin = 324597 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = C00114 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = N91BDP6H0X |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 920 |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| PubChem = 305 |
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| RTECS = |
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| SMILES = C[N+](C)(C)CCO |
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| UNNumber = |
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}} |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = |
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| Appearance = 帶潮解性的粘性液体 (膽堿的氫氧化物)。高純度膽鹼的水溶液具強鹼性和腐蝕性。 |
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| BoilingPtC = |
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| BoilingPt_notes = |
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| Density = |
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| Formula = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NO<sup>+</sup> |
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| MolarMass = 104.17 g/mol |
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| HenryConstant = |
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| LogP = |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| MeltingPt_notes = |
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| pKa = |
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| pKb = |
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| Solubility = 溶于水和醇 |
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| SolubleOther =溶于乙醇,不溶[[乙醚]] 和 [[氯仿]] (膽堿的氫氧化物) |
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| Solvent = |
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| VaporPressure = |
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}} |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| Coordination = |
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| CrystalStruct = |
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| MolShape = }} |
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|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| DeltaHc = |
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| DeltaHf = |
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| Entropy = |
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| HeatCapacity = }} |
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|Section5={{Chembox Pharmacology |
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| AdminRoutes = |
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| Bioavail = |
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| Excretion = |
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| HalfLife = |
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| Metabolism = |
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| Legal_status = |
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| Legal_US = |
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| Legal_UK = |
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| Legal_AU = |
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| Legal_CA = |
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| Pregnancy_category = |
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| Pregnancy_AU = |
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| Pregnancy_US = |
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| ProteinBound = }} |
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|Section6={{Chembox Hazards |
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| AutoignitionPt = |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| FlashPt = |
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| LD50 = 3–6 g/kg {{abbr|bw|body weight}}, rats, oral |
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| MainHazards = |
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| NFPA-H = |
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| NFPA-F = |
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| NFPA-R = |
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| NFPA-S = COR |
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| PEL = |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = 危險 |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|264|280|301+330+331|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|363|405|501}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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[[File:Choline-skeletal.svg|thumb|right|羟乙基三甲基铵正离子,X<sup>−</sup>为保持中性的抗衡离子。]] |
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胆碱被視為有助對人類[[腦部]]發展和記憶。 |
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'''胆碱'''({{lang-en|Choline}}),是一种甜菜碱、营养素,為构成[[细胞膜]][[磷脂質]]的重要成分,也是人體合成[[甘胺酸]]的原料之一,广泛存在于各种食物中。1864年由 Andreas Strecker 从猪胆汁中首先分离出来,1866年被化学合成。体内的胆碱有很大一部分来源于食物。它在[[大肠]]中被分解为[[三甲胺]]。胆碱以往被归为[[维生素B]]之一,但目前认为它是具有氨基酸样代谢的营养素。<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of vitamins |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookvitamins00jzem |vauthors= Rucker RB, Zempleni J, Suttie JW, McCormick DB |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2007 |isbn=9780849340222 |edition=4th |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookvitamins00jzem/page/n471 459]–477 }}</ref> |
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胆碱被視為有助對人類[[腦部]]發展和記憶,膽素是神經傳導物質乙醯膽鹼的先質<ref>{{cite web |title=Choline (Compound) |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/305#section=Pharmacology-and-Biochemistry |website=PubChem |accessdate=2021-01-13 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421180709/http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/305#section=Pharmacology-and-Biochemistry }}</ref>,參與肌肉控制、腦部記憶等功能。 |
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==參考資料== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{生物鹼}} |
{{生物鹼}} |
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{{维生素}} |
{{维生素}} |
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{{膳食补充品}} |
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{{促智药}} |
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{{胆碱能}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:胆碱]] |
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[[Category:季铵盐]] |
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[[Category:膳食补充品]] |
[[Category:膳食补充品]] |
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[[Category:维生素]] |
[[Category:维生素]] |
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[[Category:1860年代发现的物质]] |
2024年6月9日 (日) 03:36的最新版本
此條目缺少或没有列出参考或来源,或者有未能查证的内容。 (2017年8月25日) |
胆碱 | |
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IUPAC名 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium 2-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基乙铵 | |
别名 | 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Bilineurine (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium 膽素 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 62-49-7(胆碱阳离子) |
PubChem | 305 |
ChemSpider | 299 |
SMILES |
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Beilstein | 1736748 |
Gmelin | 324597 |
ChEBI | 15354 |
DrugBank | DB00122 |
KEGG | C00114 |
IUPHAR配体 | 4551 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C5H14NO+ |
摩尔质量 | 104.17 g/mol g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 帶潮解性的粘性液体 (膽堿的氫氧化物)。高純度膽鹼的水溶液具強鹼性和腐蝕性。 |
溶解性(水) | 溶于水和醇 |
溶解性 | 溶于乙醇,不溶乙醚 和 氯仿 (膽堿的氫氧化物) |
危险性 | |
GHS危险性符号 | |
GHS提示词 | 危險 |
H-术语 | H314 |
P-术语 | P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501 |
致死量或浓度: | |
LD50(中位剂量)
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3–6 g/kg bw, rats, oral |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
胆碱(英語:Choline),是一种甜菜碱、营养素,為构成细胞膜磷脂質的重要成分,也是人體合成甘胺酸的原料之一,广泛存在于各种食物中。1864年由 Andreas Strecker 从猪胆汁中首先分离出来,1866年被化学合成。体内的胆碱有很大一部分来源于食物。它在大肠中被分解为三甲胺。胆碱以往被归为维生素B之一,但目前认为它是具有氨基酸样代谢的营养素。[1]
胆碱被視為有助對人類腦部發展和記憶,膽素是神經傳導物質乙醯膽鹼的先質[2],參與肌肉控制、腦部記憶等功能。
參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Rucker RB, Zempleni J, Suttie JW, McCormick DB. Handbook of vitamins 4th. Taylor & Francis. 2007: 459–477. ISBN 9780849340222.
- ^ Choline (Compound). PubChem. [2021-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-21).