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傑巴利采沃戰役:修订间差异

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{{noteTA
{{noteTA
| G1 = 烏克蘭地名
|1=zh-hans:顿涅茨克州; zh-tw:頓內次克州; zh-hk:頓涅茨克州;
|2=zh-hans:顿涅茨克; zh-tw:頓內次克; zh-hk:頓涅茨克;
}}
}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|partof = [[頓巴斯戰爭]]
|partof = [[頓巴斯戰爭]]
|image = [[File:Battle of Debaltseve.png|275px]]<br />[[File:Battle of Debaltseve Aftermath.png|275px]]
|image = [[File:Battle of Debaltseve.png|275px]]<br />[[File:Battle of Debaltseve Aftermath.png|275px]]
|caption = 上圖:戰役前分離主義者(紅)與政府軍(藍)各自控制的區域。<br />下圖:戰役後分離主義者(紅)與政府軍(藍)各自控制的區域。<small>(2015年2月18日)</small>
|caption = 上圖:戰役前俄国势力(紅)與乌克兰政府軍(藍)各自控制的區域。<br />下圖:戰役後俄国势力(紅)與乌克兰政府軍(藍)各自控制的區域。<small>(2015年2月18日)</small>
|date = 2015年1月17日-2月20日<br />({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=1|day1=17|year1=2015|month2=2|day2=20|year2=2015}})
|date = 2015年1月17日-2月20日<br />({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=1|day1=17|year1=2015|month2=2|day2=20|year2=2015}})
|place = [[烏克蘭]][[頓涅茨克州]][[傑巴利采]]地區
|place = [[烏克蘭]][[顿内次克州]][[傑巴利采]]地區
|coordinates =
|coordinates =
|map_type =
|map_type =
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|map_label =
|map_label =
|territory =
|territory =
|result = [[頓涅茨克人民共和國]]與[[盧甘克人民共和國]]勝利<ref name="bloody">{{Cite news|title=Ukrainian Soldiers’ Retreat From Eastern Town Raises Doubt for Truce|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/19/world/europe/ukraine-conflict-debaltseve.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2015-02-18|accessdate=2022-02-28|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Andrew E.|last=Kramer|first2=David M.|last2=Herszenhorn}}</ref>
|result = 俄罗及其支持的武装分子勝利<ref name="bloody">{{Cite news|title=Ukrainian Soldiers’ Retreat From Eastern Town Raises Doubt for Truce|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/19/world/europe/ukraine-conflict-debaltseve.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2015-02-18|accessdate=2022-02-28|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Andrew E.|last=Kramer|first2=David M.|last2=Herszenhorn|archive-date=2022-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401030105/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/19/world/europe/ukraine-conflict-debaltseve.html}}</ref>
* 分離主義者佔領傑巴利采<ref name="bloody"/>、[[烏格列戈爾斯克 (烏克蘭)|烏格列戈爾斯克]]和洛維諾夫(Lohvynove)
* 分離主義者佔領傑巴利采<ref name="bloody"/>、[[武赫莱希尔斯克]]和{{Tsl|en|Lohvynove|洛維諾夫}}
|status =
|status =
|combatants_header =
|combatants_header =
|combatant1 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|combatant1 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|combatant2 = {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}<br />{{flag|Lugansk People's Republic}}
|combatant2 = {{flag|Russia}}
*{{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}
*{{flag|Lugansk People's Republic}}
|combatant3 =
|combatant3 =
|commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} [[谢尔盖·沙普塔拉]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Donbas Battalion.svg}} {{link-en|谢苗·谢缅琴科|Semen Semenchenko}}{{WIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg}} {{link-en|伊薩·穆納耶夫|Isa Munayev}}<ref name="Chechen">{{cite news|url=http://info-news.eu/isa-munayev-died-in-the-battle-for-debaltseve/|title=Isa Munayev died in the battle for Debaltseve|publisher=Info News|date=2015-02-02|accessdate=2015-02-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20150203033243/http://info-news.eu/isa-munayev-died-in-the-battle-for-debaltseve/|archivedate=2015-02-03}}</ref> {{KIA}}
|commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} [[谢尔盖·沙普塔拉]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Donbas Battalion.svg}} {{link-en|谢苗·谢缅琴科|Semen Semenchenko}}{{WIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg}} {{link-en|伊薩·穆納耶夫|Isa Munayev}}<ref name="Chechen">{{cite news|url=http://info-news.eu/isa-munayev-died-in-the-battle-for-debaltseve/|title=Isa Munayev died in the battle for Debaltseve|publisher=Info News|date=2015-02-02|accessdate=2015-02-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150203033243/http://info-news.eu/isa-munayev-died-in-the-battle-for-debaltseve/|archivedate=2015-02-03}}</ref> {{KIA}}
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|New Donetsk Peoples Republic flag.svg}} [[亚历山大·扎哈尔琴科]]<br />{{flagicon image|New Donetsk Peoples Republic flag.svg}} {{link-en|弗拉基米·科諾諾夫|Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lugansk People's Republic (Official).svg}} 奧列格·布格羅夫<br /> <small>(盧甘斯克人民共和國國防部長)</small><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lugansk People's Republic (Official).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg}} [[阿列克谢·莫兹格沃伊]]<ref name="Prizrak">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnDlkBJ0PKc|title=Alexei Mozgovoi's "Ghost" brigade in the Debaltsevo operation|publisher=Life News|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-02-01|archive-date=2015-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912202808/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnDlkBJ0PKc|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|New Donetsk Peoples Republic flag.svg}} [[亚历山大·扎哈尔琴科]]<br />{{flagicon image|New Donetsk Peoples Republic flag.svg}} [[弗拉基米尔·彼得罗维奇·科诺诺夫|弗拉基米尔·科诺诺夫]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lugansk People's Republic (Official).svg}} 奧列格·布格羅夫<br /> <small>(盧甘斯克人民共和國國防部長)</small><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lugansk People's Republic (Official).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg}} [[阿列克谢·莫兹格沃伊]]{{KIA}}<ref name="Prizrak">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnDlkBJ0PKc|title=Alexei Mozgovoi's "Ghost" brigade in the Debaltsevo operation|publisher=Life News|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-02-01|archive-date=2015-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912202808/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnDlkBJ0PKc|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| units1 = {{ZSU}}:
| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Ensign of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg}} [[烏克蘭武裝力量|烏克蘭政府軍]]:
*{{flagicon image|Ensign of the Ukrainian Ground Forces.svg}} [[烏克蘭陸軍]]
*{{烏克蘭陸軍}}
**{{第1坦克旅|1}}
[[File:Эмблема МВД Украины.svg|22px]] [[烏克蘭內務部]]:
**{{第14机械化旅|1}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Guard of Ukraine.svg}} [[烏族衛隊]]<ref name="1FEB2015KP">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraines-casualties-spike-as-separatist-spies-and-saboteurs-roam-behind-army-lines-379147.html | title=Ukraine's casualties spike as separatist spies and saboteurs roam behind army lines | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2015-02-01 | archive-date=2015-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712090104/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraines-casualties-spike-as-separatist-spies-and-saboteurs-roam-behind-army-lines-379147.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
**{{第79空中机动旅|1}}
**{{第95空中机动旅|1}}
{{兰国警卫队}}<ref name="1FEB2015KP">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraines-casualties-spike-as-separatist-spies-and-saboteurs-roam-behind-army-lines-379147.html | title=Ukraine's casualties spike as separatist spies and saboteurs roam behind army lines | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2015-02-01 | archive-date=2015-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712090104/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraines-casualties-spike-as-separatist-spies-and-saboteurs-roam-behind-army-lines-379147.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Donbas Battalion.svg}} [[顿巴斯营]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Donbas Battalion.svg}} [[顿巴斯营]]
{{flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg}} [[焦哈爾·杜達耶夫營]]<ref name="Chechen"/>
{{焦哈爾·杜達耶夫營|1}}<ref name="Chechen"/>
| units2 = {{flagicon image|War Flag of Novorussia.svg}} {{link-en|聯合力量|United Armed Forces of Novorossiya}}:
| units2 ={{flagicon image|Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(obverse).svg}} [[俄罗斯联邦武装力量|俄联邦力量(秘密参战)]]<br />
{{flagicon image|War Flag of Novorussia.svg}} {{link-en|新俄羅斯聯合武裝力量|United Armed Forces of Novorossiya}}:
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg}} 普里察克旅<ref name="Prizrak"/>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg}} 普里察克旅<ref name="Prizrak"/>
| strength1 = 3,000~4,500名士兵<br />12坦克<br />1個火箭系統<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-02-01-EU--Ukraine/id-1e0e3fff65f846c597ca25e9d52129bb|title=Associated Press|author=AP Story|publisher=|accessdate=2015-02-02|archive-date=2016-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920045305/http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-02-01-EU--Ukraine/id-1e0e3fff65f846c597ca25e9d52129bb|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| strength1 = 8,000名士兵,400多輛裝甲車輛<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://i.ifeng.com/c/7o3xPyiHAcg |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-05-16 |archive-date=2024-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516091924/https://i.ifeng.com/c/7o3xPyiHAcg |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| strength2 = 12,000-17,000人<ref name="pravda.com.ua">{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2015/02/20/7059287/|script-title=uk:Бірюков повідомив про загибель майже 3 тисяч бойовиків в районі Дебальцевого|trans-title=Biryukov reported the death of almost 3 thousand fighters in the Debaltsevo region|language=uk|work=Ukrainian Pravda|date=20 February 2015|access-date=25 February 2015|archive-date=2015-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220193056/http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2015/02/20/7059287/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| strength2 = 未知
| casualties1 = 外界推測3,000多人傷亡與被俘、失蹤,裝甲車輛戰損250多輛<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://i.ifeng.com/c/7o3xPyiHAcg |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-05-16 |archive-date=2024-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516091924/https://i.ifeng.com/c/7o3xPyiHAcg |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| casualties1 = 16人以上陣亡<ref>{{cite web |url=http://info-news.eu/isa-munayev-died-in-the-battle-for-debaltseve/ |title=Isa Munayev died in the battle for Debaltseve|work=Info-News|accessdate=2016-08-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20150203033243/http://info-news.eu/isa-munayev-died-in-the-battle-for-debaltseve/ |archivedate=2015-02-03 }}</ref>
| casualties2 = 未知陣亡人數,70人以上受傷<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/rebels-suffer-heavy-losses-battle-ukraines-debaltseve-n296841|title=Rebels Suffer Heavy Losses in Battle for Ukraine's Debaltseve|work=NBC News|accessdate=2015-02-02|archive-date=2015-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195734/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/rebels-suffer-heavy-losses-battle-ukraines-debaltseve-n296841|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| casualties2 = 未知陣亡人數,70人以上受傷<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/rebels-suffer-heavy-losses-battle-ukraines-debaltseve-n296841|title=Rebels Suffer Heavy Losses in Battle for Ukraine's Debaltseve|work=NBC News|accessdate=2015-02-02|archive-date=2015-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195734/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/rebels-suffer-heavy-losses-battle-ukraines-debaltseve-n296841|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| casualties3 = 19名民眾喪生<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-horror-civilian-bloodshed-indiscriminate-attacks-2015-02-02 |title=Ukraine: Horror of civilian bloodshed in indiscriminate attacks|work=Amnesty International|accessdate=2015-02-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206025733/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-horror-civilian-bloodshed-indiscriminate-attacks-2015-02-02 |archivedate=2015-02-06 }}</ref>
| casualties3 = 19名民眾喪生<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-horror-civilian-bloodshed-indiscriminate-attacks-2015-02-02 |title=Ukraine: Horror of civilian bloodshed in indiscriminate attacks|work=Amnesty International|accessdate=2015-02-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206025733/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-horror-civilian-bloodshed-indiscriminate-attacks-2015-02-02 |archivedate=2015-02-06 }}</ref>
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'''傑巴利采戰役'''({{lang-uk|Бої за Дебальцеве}})是[[頓巴斯戰爭]]的其中一場戰役,自2015年1月起交戰雙方在[[烏克蘭]][[頓涅茨克州]]的[[傑巴利采]]附近爆發戰鬥。此地於2014年7月起一些地方開始被政府軍收復,分離主義者試圖奪回而發動攻擊。
'''傑巴利采戰役'''({{lang-uk|Бої за Дебальцеве}})是[[頓巴斯戰爭]]的其中一場戰役,自2015年1月起交戰雙方在[[烏克蘭]][[頓涅茨克州]]的[[傑巴利采]]附近爆發戰鬥。此地於2014年7月起一些地方開始被政府軍收復,俄国势力試圖奪回而發動攻擊。


傑巴利采在戰前的形勢如同[[楔子]],一邊面對[[頓涅茨克人民共和國]],另一邊則是[[盧甘斯克人民共和國]]<ref name=BBC23>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31018092|title=US warns of more sanctions on Russia|date=2015-01-28|accessdate=2015-01-28|publisher=BBC|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108100043/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31018092|dead-url=no}}</ref>。此處也是鐵路與公路的要衝。
傑巴利采在戰前的形勢如同[[楔子]],一邊面對[[頓涅茨克人民共和國]],另一邊則是[[盧甘斯克人民共和國]]<ref name=BBC23>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31018092|title=US warns of more sanctions on Russia|date=2015-01-28|accessdate=2015-01-28|publisher=BBC|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108100043/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31018092|dead-url=no}}</ref>。此處也是鐵路與公路的要衝。


== 背景 ==
== 背景 ==
經過[[2014年烏克蘭革命]],烏克蘭東部陸續爆發[[2014年烏克蘭親俄羅斯武裝衝突|衝突]]。2014年4月,傑巴利采被親俄分離主義者所佔領,但到了7月28日政府軍成功收復此地,此後直至2015年1月皆穩固地控制著<ref name="IF28Ju">{{cite news | url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/215712.html | title=ATO forces take over Debaltseve, Shakhtarsk, Torez, Lutuhyne, fighting for Pervomaisk and Snizhne underway - ATO press center | work=Interfax-Ukraine News Agency | date=2014-07-28 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2014-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728192109/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/215712.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。雖然雙方簽下[[明斯克協議]]確認停火,但在傑巴利采一帶仍間歇性發生衝突<ref name="OSCE15se">{{cite press release | url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/123587 | title=Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 15 September 2014: Monitoring to the east of Donetsk, SMM patrol vehicles hit by fire | publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe | date=2014-09-15 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2020-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014117/https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/123587 | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="ada2">{{cite press release | url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15143&LangID=E#sthash.cgVdJ2LL.dpuf | title=Protracted conflict in eastern Ukraine continues to take heavy toll on civilians | publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | date=2014-10-08 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2019-05-31 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531025754/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15143&LangID=E#sthash.cgVdJ2LL.dpuf | dead-url=no }}</ref>。
經過[[2014年烏克蘭革命]],烏克蘭東部陸續爆發[[2014年烏克蘭親俄羅斯武裝衝突|衝突]]。2014年4月,傑巴利采被親俄分離主義者所佔領,但到了7月28日政府軍成功收復此地,此後直至2015年1月皆穩固地控制著<ref name="IF28Ju">{{cite news | url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/215712.html | title=ATO forces take over Debaltseve, Shakhtarsk, Torez, Lutuhyne, fighting for Pervomaisk and Snizhne underway - ATO press center | work=Interfax-Ukraine News Agency | date=2014-07-28 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2014-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728192109/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/215712.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。雖然雙方簽下[[明斯克協議]]確認停火,但在傑巴利采一帶仍間歇性發生衝突<ref name="OSCE15se">{{cite press release | url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/123587 | title=Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 15 September 2014: Monitoring to the east of Donetsk, SMM patrol vehicles hit by fire | publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe | date=2014-09-15 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2020-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014117/https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/123587 | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="ada2">{{cite press release | url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15143&LangID=E#sthash.cgVdJ2LL.dpuf | title=Protracted conflict in eastern Ukraine continues to take heavy toll on civilians | publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | date=2014-10-08 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2019-05-31 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531025754/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15143&LangID=E#sthash.cgVdJ2LL.dpuf | dead-url=no }}</ref>。


== 過程 ==
== 過程 ==
2015年1月,數千名烏克蘭政府軍駐紮於傑巴利采地區<ref name=KP@#4/>。此城為鐵路和公路的重要連結點,形勢對於政府軍就像「口袋」、「楔子」。於此之前的數個月,此地屢屢遭到砲擊,當地居民多數已經離開,商店、學校及住屋也關門或毀棄<ref name=KP@#4/>。1月17日開始,砲火愈趨猛烈,直到1月20日才暫時歇息<ref name=KP@#4>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-rain-death-down-on-debaltseve-377923.html|title=Kremlin-backed separatists rain death down on Debaltseve|work=Kyiv Post|date=2015-01-20|accessdate=2015-01-25|archive-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711083831/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-rain-death-down-on-debaltseve-377923.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
2015年1月,數千名烏克蘭政府軍駐紮於傑巴利采地區<ref name=KP@#4/>。此城為鐵路和公路的重要連結點,形勢對於政府軍就像「口袋」、「楔子」。於此之前的數個月,此地屢屢遭到砲擊,當地居民多數已經離開,商店、學校及住屋也關門或毀棄<ref name=KP@#4/>。1月17日開始,砲火愈趨猛烈,直到1月20日才暫時歇息<ref name=KP@#4>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-rain-death-down-on-debaltseve-377923.html|title=Kremlin-backed separatists rain death down on Debaltseve|work=Kyiv Post|date=2015-01-20|accessdate=2015-01-25|archive-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711083831/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-rain-death-down-on-debaltseve-377923.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


1月22日,頓涅茨克人民共和國的軍隊向傑巴利采一帶的政府軍營地攻擊<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kyiv-reports-russian-led-insurgents-attacks-in-debaltseve-sector-378087.html|title = Kyiv reports Russian-led insurgents attacks in Debaltseve sector|date = 2015-01-22|work = Kyiv Post|access-date = 2015-01-29|archive-date = 2015-11-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151127063924/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kyiv-reports-russian-led-insurgents-attacks-in-debaltseve-sector-378087.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>,強烈的砲火持續至隔天仍未停止,但政府軍依舊死守營地<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-ukraine-military-defend-strategic-eastern-town-debaltseve-pro-russia-separatists/|title = Video: The fight to defend Ukraine’s strategic Debaltseve|date = 23 January 2014|publisher = France 24|access-date = 29 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150124123633/http://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-ukraine-military-defend-strategic-eastern-town-debaltseve-pro-russia-separatists/|archive-date = 2015-01-24|dead-url = yes}}</ref>。在戰鬥中一所學校被砲彈擊中,而政府軍也朝分離主義者營地砲擊以示報復<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/shelled-kindergarden-in-debaltseve-378186.html|title = No one hurt as empty kindergarten gets shelled in Debaltseve|date = 2015-01-23|work = Kyiv Post|access-date = 2015-01-29|archive-date = 2017-10-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171019035528/https://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/shelled-kindergarden-in-debaltseve-378186.html/|dead-url = no}}</ref>。1月23日,頓涅茨克軍隊試圖收復三面受敵的傑巴利采。根據1月24日的報導,一個政府軍的檢查哨直接受到攻擊<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tank troops fight to contain rebel expansion in eastern Ukraine |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11367411/Tank-troops-fight-to-contain-rebel-expansion-in-eastern-Ukraine.html |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=2015-01-24 |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108095332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11367411/Tank-troops-fight-to-contain-rebel-expansion-in-eastern-Ukraine.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。1月25日,另一個位在傑巴利采附近的檢查哨也被襲擊,但被政府軍擊退。1月26日,隨著戰鬥持續,戰火蔓延至傑巴利采全區,一位居民告訴[[路透社]]傑巴利采幾乎已被分離主義者包圍,然而政府軍仍抵擋住接連的攻勢<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ukraine rebels move to encircle government troops in new advance |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/26/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0KZ0L920150126 |agency=Reuters |date=2015-01-26 |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924212850/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/26/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0KZ0L920150126 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
1月22日,頓涅茨克人民共和國的軍隊向傑巴利采一帶的政府軍營地攻擊<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kyiv-reports-russian-led-insurgents-attacks-in-debaltseve-sector-378087.html|title = Kyiv reports Russian-led insurgents attacks in Debaltseve sector|date = 2015-01-22|work = Kyiv Post|access-date = 2015-01-29|archive-date = 2015-11-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151127063924/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kyiv-reports-russian-led-insurgents-attacks-in-debaltseve-sector-378087.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>,強烈的砲火持續至隔天仍未停止,但政府軍依舊死守營地<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-ukraine-military-defend-strategic-eastern-town-debaltseve-pro-russia-separatists/|title = Video: The fight to defend Ukraine’s strategic Debaltseve|date = 23 January 2014|publisher = France 24|access-date = 29 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150124123633/http://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-ukraine-military-defend-strategic-eastern-town-debaltseve-pro-russia-separatists/|archive-date = 2015-01-24|dead-url = yes}}</ref>。在戰鬥中一所學校被砲彈擊中,而政府軍也朝分離主義者營地砲擊以示報復<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/shelled-kindergarden-in-debaltseve-378186.html|title = No one hurt as empty kindergarten gets shelled in Debaltseve|date = 2015-01-23|work = Kyiv Post|access-date = 2015-01-29|archive-date = 2017-10-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171019035528/https://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/shelled-kindergarden-in-debaltseve-378186.html/|dead-url = no}}</ref>。1月23日,頓涅茨克軍隊試圖收復三面受敵的傑巴利采。根據1月24日的報導,一個政府軍的檢查哨直接受到攻擊<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tank troops fight to contain rebel expansion in eastern Ukraine |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11367411/Tank-troops-fight-to-contain-rebel-expansion-in-eastern-Ukraine.html |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=2015-01-24 |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108095332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11367411/Tank-troops-fight-to-contain-rebel-expansion-in-eastern-Ukraine.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。1月25日,另一個位在傑巴利采附近的檢查哨也被襲擊,但被政府軍擊退。1月26日,隨著戰鬥持續,戰火蔓延至傑巴利采全區,一位居民告訴[[路透社]]傑巴利采幾乎已被分離主義者包圍,然而政府軍仍抵擋住接連的攻勢<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ukraine rebels move to encircle government troops in new advance |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/26/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0KZ0L920150126 |agency=Reuters |date=2015-01-26 |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924212850/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/26/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0KZ0L920150126 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


=== 分離主義者進展 ===
=== 分離主義者進展 ===
1月27日,分離主義者試圖從[[戈爾洛夫卡]]攻入傑巴利采,但遭到擊退<ref name=2dw323>{{cite news|url=http://uatoday.tv/geopolitics/militants-continue-attempt-to-take-ukraine-controlled-debaltseve-405495.html|title=Militants continue attempt to take Ukraine-controlled Debaltseve|date=2015-01-27|accessdate=2015-01-29|work=Ukraine Today|archive-date=2016-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402081551/http://uatoday.tv/geopolitics/militants-continue-attempt-to-take-ukraine-controlled-debaltseve-405495.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。隔天,一名頓涅茨克軍隊的指揮官宣稱已控制能夠進城的高速公路,該城也已幾乎被包圍<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Ukraine-says-3-soldiers-killed-in-fighting-in-the-6045479.php#/0|title=Ukraine rebels claim new key victory is within grasp|work=San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=2015-02-02|archive-date=2015-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130162453/http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Ukraine-says-3-soldiers-killed-in-fighting-in-the-6045479.php#/0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。但是,烏克蘭議員{{link-en|德米特里·季姆丘克|Dmytro Tymchuk}}於1月29日表示分離主義者的軍隊雖然試圖切斷前線與本地的聯繫,但政府軍以砲火反擊造成其大量傷亡,分離主義者因而被迫縮減了攻勢<ref name=TYm23>{{cite news|url=http://uatoday.tv/news/debaltseve-encirclement-attempts-thwarted-by-ukrainian-artillery-405912.html|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-01-29|work=Ukraine Today|title=Debaltseve encirclement attempts thwarted by Ukrainian artillery|archive-date=2016-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026221345/http://uatoday.tv/news/debaltseve-encirclement-attempts-thwarted-by-ukrainian-artillery-405912.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。[[BBC News]]則釋出了一段親俄民兵在轟炸中被捕的影片<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31065849|title = Footage shows pro-Russian rebels under fire in Ukraine|date = 2015-01-30|publisher = BBC News|access-date = 2015-01-30|archive-date = 2017-03-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170321031541/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31065849|dead-url = no}}</ref>。儘管如此,同時間分離主義者奪取了距離傑巴利采西方約13公里的[[烏格列戈爾斯克 (烏克蘭)|烏格列戈爾斯克]],此地正好位在{{link-en|M04高速公路 (烏克蘭)|Highway M04 (Ukraine)|M04高速公路}}從傑巴利采通往戈爾洛夫卡的路段上。分離主義者打破了政府軍的防線,並且佔領一座檢查哨後進入烏格列戈爾斯克,政府軍則趕緊派兵增援<ref name=232ddd>{{cite news|title=Militant tanks enter Uglegorsk, battle raging|url=http://www.unian.info/war/1037854-militant-tanks-enter-uglegorsk-fight-raging.html|agency=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-01-29|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806015925/https://www.unian.info/war/1037854-militant-tanks-enter-uglegorsk-fight-raging.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。根據[[美聯社]]的報導指出,此城的陷落將導致政府軍守住傑巴利采的任務更加艱難<ref name=AP23>{{cite news|title=Russia-backed rebels overrun another town in east in onslaught against army troops|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/01/29/ukraine-russia-backed-rebels-overrun-another-town-in-east-in-onslaught-against/|publisher=Fox News Channel|agency=Associated Press|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011113656/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/01/29/ukraine-russia-backed-rebels-overrun-another-town-in-east-in-onslaught-against/|archive-date=2015-10-11|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。此外,政府軍表示三名傑巴利采的民眾死於親俄民兵持續的轟炸<ref>{{Cite news |url =http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/29/us-ukraine-crisis-deathtoll-idUSKBN0L217220150129 |title =Death toll mounts in intense clashes in east Ukraine |date =2015-01-29 |agency =Reuters |access-date =2015-01-29 |archive-date =2015-10-02 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151002215406/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/29/us-ukraine-crisis-deathtoll-idUSKBN0L217220150129 |dead-url =no }}</ref>。
1月27日,分離主義者試圖從[[戈爾洛夫卡]]攻入傑巴利采,但遭到擊退<ref name=2dw323>{{cite news|url=http://uatoday.tv/geopolitics/militants-continue-attempt-to-take-ukraine-controlled-debaltseve-405495.html|title=Militants continue attempt to take Ukraine-controlled Debaltseve|date=2015-01-27|accessdate=2015-01-29|work=Ukraine Today|archive-date=2016-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402081551/http://uatoday.tv/geopolitics/militants-continue-attempt-to-take-ukraine-controlled-debaltseve-405495.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。隔天,一名頓涅茨克軍隊的指揮官宣稱已控制能夠進城的高速公路,該城也已幾乎被包圍<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Ukraine-says-3-soldiers-killed-in-fighting-in-the-6045479.php#/0|title=Ukraine rebels claim new key victory is within grasp|work=San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=2015-02-02|archive-date=2015-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130162453/http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Ukraine-says-3-soldiers-killed-in-fighting-in-the-6045479.php#/0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。但是,烏克蘭議員{{link-en|德米特里·季姆丘克|Dmytro Tymchuk}}於1月29日表示分離主義者的軍隊雖然試圖切斷前線與本地的聯繫,但政府軍以砲火反擊造成其大量傷亡,分離主義者因而被迫縮減了攻勢<ref name=TYm23>{{cite news|url=http://uatoday.tv/news/debaltseve-encirclement-attempts-thwarted-by-ukrainian-artillery-405912.html|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-01-29|work=Ukraine Today|title=Debaltseve encirclement attempts thwarted by Ukrainian artillery|archive-date=2016-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026221345/http://uatoday.tv/news/debaltseve-encirclement-attempts-thwarted-by-ukrainian-artillery-405912.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。[[BBC News]]則釋出了一段親俄民兵在轟炸中被捕的影片<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31065849|title = Footage shows pro-Russian rebels under fire in Ukraine|date = 2015-01-30|publisher = BBC News|access-date = 2015-01-30|archive-date = 2017-03-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170321031541/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31065849|dead-url = no}}</ref>。儘管如此,同時間分離主義者奪取了距離傑巴利采西方約13公里的[[烏格列戈爾斯克 (烏克蘭)|烏格列戈爾斯克]],此地正好位在{{link-uk|M04公路 (烏克蘭)|Автошлях М 04|M04高速公路}}從傑巴利采通往戈爾洛夫卡的路段上。分離主義者打破了政府軍的防線,並且佔領一座檢查哨後進入烏格列戈爾斯克,政府軍則趕緊派兵增援<ref name=232ddd>{{cite news|title=Militant tanks enter Uglegorsk, battle raging|url=http://www.unian.info/war/1037854-militant-tanks-enter-uglegorsk-fight-raging.html|agency=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-01-29|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806015925/https://www.unian.info/war/1037854-militant-tanks-enter-uglegorsk-fight-raging.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。根據[[美聯社]]的報導指出,此城的陷落將導致政府軍守住傑巴利采的任務更加艱難<ref name=AP23>{{cite news|title=Russia-backed rebels overrun another town in east in onslaught against army troops|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/01/29/ukraine-russia-backed-rebels-overrun-another-town-in-east-in-onslaught-against/|publisher=Fox News Channel|agency=Associated Press|date=2015-01-29|accessdate=2015-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011113656/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/01/29/ukraine-russia-backed-rebels-overrun-another-town-in-east-in-onslaught-against/|archive-date=2015-10-11|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。此外,政府軍表示三名傑巴利采的民眾死於親俄民兵持續的轟炸<ref>{{Cite news |url =http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/29/us-ukraine-crisis-deathtoll-idUSKBN0L217220150129 |title =Death toll mounts in intense clashes in east Ukraine |date =2015-01-29 |agency =Reuters |access-date =2015-01-29 |archive-date =2015-10-02 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151002215406/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/29/us-ukraine-crisis-deathtoll-idUSKBN0L217220150129 |dead-url =no }}</ref>。


1月30日,砲彈擊中了一輛巴士,{{link-en|古比雪夫区 (顿涅茨克)|Kuibyshevskyi District, Donetsk|古比雪夫區}}作為分發人道援助場所的一座文化中心也遭到轟炸。根據[[BBC]]的消息,許多平民和政府軍被困在城內,部分民眾則逃往政府軍「口袋」入口的[[巴赫穆特|阿爾喬莫夫斯克]]<ref name="BBC30JAN">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31055881 | title=Ukraine battle rages for key town of Debaltseve | publisher=BBC News | date=2015-01-30 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2018-11-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124401/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31055881 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。俄國媒體[[俄羅斯24]]報導大約有八千名政府軍仍駐留於傑巴利采,而分離主義者正接近關上「口袋」入口的地步。烏克蘭的地區防衛營指揮官{{link-en|谢苗·谢缅琴科|Semen Semenchenko}}表示雖然大部分地區已被親俄民兵控制,不過政府軍仍掌握著傑巴利采<ref name="BBC30JAN" />。烏克蘭國家安全及國防委員會發言人安德烈·李森科(Andriy Lysenko)表示援軍已經抵達烏格列戈爾斯克,仍舊守住前線<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/ukrainian_reinforcements_arrive_in_vuhlehirsk_where_fighting_continues_lysenko_says_328638|title = Ukrainian reinforcements arrive in Vuhlehirsk where fighting continues, Lysenko says|date = 2015-01-30|agency = Ukrinform|access-date = 2015-01-30|archive-date = 2015-02-08|archive-url = https://archive.today/20150208230016/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/ukrainian_reinforcements_arrive_in_vuhlehirsk_where_fighting_continues_lysenko_says_328638|dead-url = yes}}</ref>。在這一整天當中,分離主義者不斷向來回於阿爾喬莫夫斯克與傑巴利采之間的[[裝甲運兵車]]和貨車發射[[BM-21]]火箭炮,使得政府軍的運輸線幾乎被切斷<ref name="KP30J">{{cite news | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/separatists-gain-stranglehold-over-debaltseve-as-evacuation-continues-379003.html | title=Separatists gain stranglehold over Debaltseve as evacuation continues | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-01-30 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2015-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712083400/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/separatists-gain-stranglehold-over-debaltseve-as-evacuation-continues-379003.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。[[BM-21]]也擊中了公寓,造成至少七位民眾喪生。剩下的居民開始搭上每天三班駛往阿爾喬莫夫斯克的巴士撤離,以躲避升級的戰火<ref name="KP30J" /><ref name=re24>{{Cite news|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/30/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0L30Y220150130|title = Ukraine peace talks aborted as civilians die in east|date = 2015-01-30|agency = Reuters|access-date = 2015-01-30|archive-date = 2015-09-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924213011/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/30/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0L30Y220150130|dead-url = no}}</ref>。
1月30日,砲彈擊中了一輛巴士,{{link-en|古比雪夫区 (顿涅茨克)|Kuibyshevskyi District, Donetsk|古比雪夫區}}作為分發人道援助場所的一座文化中心也遭到轟炸。根據[[BBC]]的消息,許多平民和政府軍被困在城內,部分民眾則逃往政府軍「口袋」入口的[[巴赫穆特|阿爾喬莫夫斯克]]<ref name="BBC30JAN">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31055881 | title=Ukraine battle rages for key town of Debaltseve | publisher=BBC News | date=2015-01-30 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2018-11-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124401/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31055881 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。俄國媒體[[俄羅斯24]]報導大約有八千名政府軍仍駐留於傑巴利采,而分離主義者正接近關上「口袋」入口的地步。烏克蘭的地區防衛營指揮官{{link-en|谢苗·谢缅琴科|Semen Semenchenko}}表示雖然大部分地區已被親俄民兵控制,不過政府軍仍掌握著傑巴利采<ref name="BBC30JAN" />。烏克蘭國家安全及國防委員會發言人安德烈·李森科(Andriy Lysenko)表示援軍已經抵達烏格列戈爾斯克,仍舊守住前線<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/ukrainian_reinforcements_arrive_in_vuhlehirsk_where_fighting_continues_lysenko_says_328638|title = Ukrainian reinforcements arrive in Vuhlehirsk where fighting continues, Lysenko says|date = 2015-01-30|agency = Ukrinform|access-date = 2015-01-30|archive-date = 2015-02-08|archive-url = https://archive.today/20150208230016/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/ukrainian_reinforcements_arrive_in_vuhlehirsk_where_fighting_continues_lysenko_says_328638|dead-url = yes}}</ref>。在這一整天當中,分離主義者不斷向來回於阿爾喬莫夫斯克與傑巴利采之間的[[裝甲運兵車]]和貨車發射[[BM-21]]火箭炮,使得政府軍的運輸線幾乎被切斷<ref name="KP30J">{{cite news | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/separatists-gain-stranglehold-over-debaltseve-as-evacuation-continues-379003.html | title=Separatists gain stranglehold over Debaltseve as evacuation continues | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-01-30 | accessdate=2015-01-30 | archive-date=2015-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712083400/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/separatists-gain-stranglehold-over-debaltseve-as-evacuation-continues-379003.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。[[BM-21]]也擊中了公寓,造成至少七位民眾喪生。剩下的居民開始搭上每天三班駛往阿爾喬莫夫斯克的巴士撤離,以躲避升級的戰火<ref name="KP30J" /><ref name=re24>{{Cite news|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/30/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0L30Y220150130|title = Ukraine peace talks aborted as civilians die in east|date = 2015-01-30|agency = Reuters|access-date = 2015-01-30|archive-date = 2015-09-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924213011/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/30/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0L30Y220150130|dead-url = no}}</ref>。


=== 關上「水壺」 ===
=== 關上「水壺」 ===
1月31日,至少十二名民眾死於分離主義者的轟炸。與此同時,政府軍為了切斷親俄民兵對烏格列戈爾斯克的援助而持續轟炸<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/12-killed-as-separatists-shell-debaltseve-379065.html|title = Kremlin-backed separatists shell Debaltseve, kill 12|date = 2015-01-31|work = Kyiv Post|access-date = 2015-01-31|archive-date = 2015-10-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151027100952/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/12-killed-as-separatists-shell-debaltseve-379065.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>。[[顿巴斯营]]發動地面攻勢試圖收復該城,但以失敗收場,且造成三名士兵陣亡,部隊指揮官{{link-en|谢苗·谢缅琴科|Semen Semenchenko}}也負傷<ref name="KP1FEB">{{cite web | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/another-deadly-weekend-with-22-civilians-killed-in-donbas-379137.html | title=Another deadly weekend with 22 civilians killed in Donbas | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2015-02-01 | archive-date=2015-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002134532/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/another-deadly-weekend-with-22-civilians-killed-in-donbas-379137.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。另一方面,疏散傑巴利采居民的行動持續進行,該城直到當日為止無水、電及瓦斯的情況已至少十天,[[烏克蘭總理]][[阿爾謝尼·亞采尼克]]則表示已疏散超過千位民眾<ref name="AP321">{{cite news | url=http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-01-31-EU--Ukraine/id-21c944f206034ca882fc9af9090c9ec7 | title=Civilians flee east Ukraine town as fighting intensifies | date=2015-01-31 | agency=Associated Press | accessdate=2015-01-31 | author=Peter Leonard | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202012237/http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-01-31-EU--Ukraine/id-21c944f206034ca882fc9af9090c9ec7 | archivedate=2015-02-02 }}</ref>。烏克蘭國防部長{{link-en|斯捷潘·波尔托拉克|Stepan Poltorak}}證實傑巴利采部分地區落入分離主義者之手<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31074772|title = Ukraine crisis: 'Dozens killed' in east as Minsk talks open|date = 2015-01-31|publisher = BBC News|access-date = 2015-01-31|archive-date = 2020-11-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201108094641/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31074772|dead-url = no}}</ref>。2月1日,政府軍在傑巴利采的情勢急遽惡化,根據[[基輔郵報]]報導由於分離主義者推進到城市外圍一帶,[[烏克蘭民族衛隊]]有些部隊被迫逃離<ref name="1FEB2015KP"/>。2月2日,政府軍情況仍未有起色,[[紐約時報]]報導分離主義者隨時可攻下與阿爾喬莫夫斯克連繫的{{link-en|M03高速公路 (烏克蘭)|Highway M03 (Ukraine)}}<ref name="1FEbNY">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/world/rebels-set-sights-on-small-eastern-ukraine-town.html?_r=0 | title=Rebels Set Sights on Small Eastern Ukraine Town | work=The New York Times | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2015-02-02 | archive-date=2020-11-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108093138/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/world/rebels-set-sights-on-small-eastern-ukraine-town.html?_r=0 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。此路上已發生多起滿載民眾的巴士遭到砲擊的事件,使得M03高速公路幾乎等於無法通行,[[頓涅茨克人民共和國]]領導人[[亞歷山大·弗拉基米羅維奇·扎哈爾琴科|亞歷山大·扎哈爾琴科]]也表示「任何試圖離開"水壺"地區的人將會進入我們砲擊範圍」<ref name="1FEbNY" />。一名人道援助工作者表示截至2月2日離開當地的民眾已達八千人,另名工作者則說親俄民兵刻意將攻擊目標朝向撤離居民的巴士<ref name="KP2FEB">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/volunteers-evacuate-residents-from-debaltseve-under-shelling-379238.html | title=Volunteers evacuate residents from Debaltseve under shelling | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-02 | accessdate=2015-02-02 | archive-date=2015-11-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121044842/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/volunteers-evacuate-residents-from-debaltseve-under-shelling-379238.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。一名[[國際特赦組織]]的觀察員則形容傑巴利采的人道情況「災難性的」<ref name="AI3FEB">{{cite press release | url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-debaltseve-s-residents-reaching-breaking-point-2015-02-03 | title=Ukraine: Debaltseve’s residents reaching breaking point | publisher=Amnesty International | date=2015-02-03 | accessdate=2015-02-03 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218001019/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-debaltseve-s-residents-reaching-breaking-point-2015-02-03 | archivedate=2015-02-18 }}</ref>。而為了協助傑巴利采的軍隊,政府軍從[[克拉馬托爾斯克]]大量增援,其中包括了[[裝甲車]]及各類物資<ref name="2FEBKP">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraine-throws-reinforcements-at-debaltseve-separatists-vow-to-escalate-war-379262.html | title=Ukraine throws reinforcements at Debaltseve, separatists vow to escalate war | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-02 | accessdate=2015-02-03 | archive-date=2015-09-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908073500/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraine-throws-reinforcements-at-debaltseve-separatists-vow-to-escalate-war-379262.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。2月3日,分離主義者與政府軍同意該天停火,以讓當地居民能夠撤離,直到[[歐洲東部時間|當地時間]]13時開始分離主義者砲火愈趨猛烈,意圖將傑巴利采夷為平地<ref name="3FEB20K">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-look-to-level-debaltseve-379386.html | title=Kremlin-backed separatists look to level Debaltseve | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-03 | accessdate=2015-02-04 | archive-date=2015-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002190641/https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-look-to-level-debaltseve-379386.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。
1月31日,至少十二名民眾死於分離主義者的轟炸。與此同時,政府軍為了切斷親俄民兵對烏格列戈爾斯克的援助而持續轟炸<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/12-killed-as-separatists-shell-debaltseve-379065.html|title = Kremlin-backed separatists shell Debaltseve, kill 12|date = 2015-01-31|work = Kyiv Post|access-date = 2015-01-31|archive-date = 2015-10-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151027100952/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/12-killed-as-separatists-shell-debaltseve-379065.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>。[[顿巴斯营]]發動地面攻勢試圖收復該城,但以失敗收場,且造成三名士兵陣亡,部隊指揮官{{link-en|谢苗·谢缅琴科|Semen Semenchenko}}也負傷<ref name="KP1FEB">{{cite web | url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/another-deadly-weekend-with-22-civilians-killed-in-donbas-379137.html | title=Another deadly weekend with 22 civilians killed in Donbas | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2015-02-01 | archive-date=2015-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002134532/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/another-deadly-weekend-with-22-civilians-killed-in-donbas-379137.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。另一方面,疏散傑巴利采居民的行動持續進行,該城直到當日為止無水、電及瓦斯的情況已至少十天,[[烏克蘭總理]][[阿爾謝尼·亞采尼克]]則表示已疏散超過千位民眾<ref name="AP321">{{cite news | url=http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-01-31-EU--Ukraine/id-21c944f206034ca882fc9af9090c9ec7 | title=Civilians flee east Ukraine town as fighting intensifies | date=2015-01-31 | agency=Associated Press | accessdate=2015-01-31 | author=Peter Leonard | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202012237/http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-01-31-EU--Ukraine/id-21c944f206034ca882fc9af9090c9ec7 | archivedate=2015-02-02 }}</ref>。烏克蘭國防部長{{link-en|斯捷潘·波尔托拉克|Stepan Poltorak}}證實傑巴利采部分地區落入分離主義者之手<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31074772|title = Ukraine crisis: 'Dozens killed' in east as Minsk talks open|date = 2015-01-31|publisher = BBC News|access-date = 2015-01-31|archive-date = 2020-11-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201108094641/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31074772|dead-url = no}}</ref>。2月1日,政府軍在傑巴利采的情勢急遽惡化,根據[[基輔郵報]]報導由於分離主義者推進到城市外圍一帶,[[烏克蘭民族衛隊]]有些部隊被迫逃離<ref name="1FEB2015KP"/>。2月2日,政府軍情況仍未有起色,[[紐約時報]]報導分離主義者隨時可攻下與阿爾喬莫夫斯克連繫的{{link-uk|M03公路 (烏克蘭)|Автошлях М 03|M03高速公路}}<ref name="1FEbNY">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/world/rebels-set-sights-on-small-eastern-ukraine-town.html?_r=0 | title=Rebels Set Sights on Small Eastern Ukraine Town | work=The New York Times | date=2015-02-01 | accessdate=2015-02-02 | archive-date=2020-11-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108093138/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/world/rebels-set-sights-on-small-eastern-ukraine-town.html?_r=0 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。此路上已發生多起滿載民眾的巴士遭到砲擊的事件,使得M03高速公路幾乎等於無法通行,[[頓涅茨克人民共和國]]領導人[[亞歷山大·弗拉基米羅維奇·扎哈爾琴科|亞歷山大·扎哈爾琴科]]也表示「任何試圖離開"水壺"地區的人將會進入我們砲擊範圍」<ref name="1FEbNY" />。一名人道援助工作者表示截至2月2日離開當地的民眾已達八千人,另名工作者則說親俄民兵刻意將攻擊目標朝向撤離居民的巴士<ref name="KP2FEB">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/volunteers-evacuate-residents-from-debaltseve-under-shelling-379238.html | title=Volunteers evacuate residents from Debaltseve under shelling | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-02 | accessdate=2015-02-02 | archive-date=2015-11-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121044842/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/volunteers-evacuate-residents-from-debaltseve-under-shelling-379238.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。一名[[國際特赦組織]]的觀察員則形容傑巴利采的人道情況「災難性的」<ref name="AI3FEB">{{cite press release | url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-debaltseve-s-residents-reaching-breaking-point-2015-02-03 | title=Ukraine: Debaltseve’s residents reaching breaking point | publisher=Amnesty International | date=2015-02-03 | accessdate=2015-02-03 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218001019/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/ukraine-debaltseve-s-residents-reaching-breaking-point-2015-02-03 | archivedate=2015-02-18 }}</ref>。而為了協助傑巴利采的軍隊,政府軍從[[克拉馬托爾斯克]]大量增援,其中包括了[[裝甲車]]及各類物資<ref name="2FEBKP">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraine-throws-reinforcements-at-debaltseve-separatists-vow-to-escalate-war-379262.html | title=Ukraine throws reinforcements at Debaltseve, separatists vow to escalate war | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-02 | accessdate=2015-02-03 | archive-date=2015-09-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908073500/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/ukraine-throws-reinforcements-at-debaltseve-separatists-vow-to-escalate-war-379262.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。2月3日,分離主義者與政府軍同意該天停火,以讓當地居民能夠撤離,直到[[歐洲東部時間|當地時間]]13時開始分離主義者砲火愈趨猛烈,意圖將傑巴利采夷為平地<ref name="3FEB20K">{{cite news | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-look-to-level-debaltseve-379386.html | title=Kremlin-backed separatists look to level Debaltseve | work=Kyiv Post | date=2015-02-03 | accessdate=2015-02-04 | archive-date=2015-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002190641/https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/kremlin-backed-separatists-look-to-level-debaltseve-379386.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2月6日,乌克兰军队与[[頓巴斯親俄武裝]]双方商定当天临时停火8小时,以便为撤离该市的居民开辟绿色通道。乌克兰顿涅茨克州政府新闻负责人称,虽然地方政府努力劝说民众离开该市,但撤离平民的工作完全在自愿的基础上进行。顿涅茨克人民共和国国防部副部长[[爱德华·巴苏林]]称,撤离该市的平民可以自己选择前往何地,即去往乌政府军控制的[[巴赫穆特]]市,还是去往亲俄武装控制的顿涅茨克市<ref>{{Cite news |author=张志强 |title=乌克兰冲突双方为平民撤离停火8小时 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-02/06/c_1114287603.htm |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2015-02-06 |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=zh-cn |archive-date=2023-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221164503/http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-02/06/c_1114287603.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2月11日,乌军总参谋部发言人称,该市郊外的乌军阵地当天凌晨遭到亲俄武装炮击,有19名军人在炮击中丧生,另有78名军人受伤,伤者都已被送入医院治疗<ref>{{Cite news |author=张志强 |title=乌军方说民间武装炮击造成近百名军人死伤 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/11/c_1114340012.htm |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2015-02-11 |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=zh-cn |archive-date=2023-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221163221/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/11/c_1114340012.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2月12日,德国、法国、乌克兰和俄罗斯四国领导人在[[白俄罗斯]]首都[[明斯克]]达成[[新明斯克協議]],同意15日起在乌克兰东部实施全面停火。但就在15日当天,乌克兰“反恐行动”新闻中心发布通报称,亲俄武装破坏停火协议,当天炮击乌政府军阵地达60多次,其中大部分炮击发生在该市附近。根据掌握的情报,亲俄武装企图夺取该市<ref>{{Cite news |author=张志强 |title=乌克兰当局指责东部民间武装破坏停火 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/16/c_1114383943.htm |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2015-02-16 |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=zh-cn |archive-date=2023-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221162303/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/16/c_1114383943.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2月17日,乌军总参谋部新闻局通报称,亲俄武装在大炮和装甲车辆的火力支援下攻打该市,部分城区已被占领,巷战正在进行。而亲俄武装称已控制该市大部分地区,乌政府军仅控制城西部分地方,市内有300多名乌克兰守军主动投降。但随后乌军总参谋部驳斥了这个说法,称关于乌克兰军人在该市大批投降的消息不符合事实,这是企图制造恐慌情绪的挑衅行为<ref>{{Cite news |author=张志强 |title=乌克兰东部城市杰巴利采沃战况激烈 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/18/c_1114402089.htm |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2015-02-18 |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=zh-cn |archive-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617201925/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/18/c_1114402089.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2月18日,乌克兰总统[[彼得罗·波罗申科]]宣布,乌政府军已经完成预定任务撤离该市,并不存在政府军在该市被包围的情况<ref>{{Cite news |author=张志强 |title=乌克兰总统宣布政府军撤离杰巴利采沃 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/18/c_1114404982.htm |date=2015-02-18 |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=zh-cn |archive-date=2023-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221162312/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/18/c_1114404982.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。随后,乌军第一副总参谋长沃罗比约夫称,自15日零时停火协议生效以来,发生在该市的战斗造成乌克兰军人22人死亡、158人受伤。他还称,乌军从该市共撤出2475名乌克兰军人,其中6人在撤出过程中被亲俄武装打死。另外,乌克兰军方从该市撤走200件重武器,包括15辆坦克和50辆步兵装甲战车<ref>{{Cite news |author=张志强 |title=乌克兰军方说杰巴利采沃战斗造成乌军死伤180人 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/19/c_1114405076.htm |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2015-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=zh-cn |archive-date=2023-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221163929/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-02/19/c_1114405076.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


== 評論 ==
== 評論 ==
2015年6月16日,[[VICE新聞]]製作了一段23分鐘長的[[YouTube]]報導<ref>{{youtube|2zssIFN2mso|Selfie Soldiers: Russia Checks in to Ukraine}}</ref>,追蹤和調查一名來自[[西伯利亞]][[布里亞特共和國]]的[[俄羅斯軍隊|俄軍]]士兵巴托·達姆巴耶夫({{lang|ru|Бато Дамбаев}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Бато Дамбаев|ВКонтакте|url=https://vk.com/batohadambaev|publisher=[[vk]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401185120/https://vk.com/batohadambaev|archivedate=2015-04-01|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2015-06-22}}</ref>)的[[vk|社交網站]]相片,發現此俄軍士兵曾隨軍從俄羅斯進入烏克蘭國境,後改穿親俄份子的軍服,於[[傑巴利采]]一帶上載自拍照片。報導指這次調查證明了俄軍正規部隊在烏克蘭衝突中進行了積極的干預,並認為俄軍的參與是親俄份子能夠支持至今的關鍵<ref>{{cite web|author1=Simon Ostrovsky|title=Russia Denies That Its Soldiers Are in Ukraine, But We Tracked One There Using His Selfies|url=https://news.vice.com/article/russia-denies-that-its-soldiers-are-in-ukraine-but-we-tracked-one-there-using-his-selfies|publisher=VICE News|accessdate=2015-06-22|date=2015-06-16|archive-date=2015-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622092718/https://news.vice.com/article/russia-denies-that-its-soldiers-are-in-ukraine-but-we-tracked-one-there-using-his-selfies|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
2015年6月16日,[[VICE新聞]]製作了一段23分鐘長的[[YouTube]]報導<ref>{{youtube|2zssIFN2mso|Selfie Soldiers: Russia Checks in to Ukraine}}</ref>,追蹤和調查一名來自[[西伯利亞]][[布里亞特共和國]]的[[俄羅斯軍隊|俄軍]]士兵巴托·達姆巴耶夫({{lang|ru|Бато Дамбаев}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Бато Дамбаев|ВКонтакте|url=https://vk.com/batohadambaev|publisher=[[vk]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401185120/https://vk.com/batohadambaev|archivedate=2015-04-01|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2015-06-22}}</ref>)的[[vk|社交網站]]相片,發現此俄軍士兵曾隨軍從俄羅斯進入烏克蘭國境,後改穿親俄份子的軍服,於[[傑巴利采]]一帶上載自拍照片。報導指這次調查證明了俄軍正規部隊在烏克蘭衝突中進行了積極的干預,並認為俄軍的參與是親俄份子能夠支持至今的關鍵<ref>{{cite web|author1=Simon Ostrovsky|title=Russia Denies That Its Soldiers Are in Ukraine, But We Tracked One There Using His Selfies|url=https://news.vice.com/article/russia-denies-that-its-soldiers-are-in-ukraine-but-we-tracked-one-there-using-his-selfies|publisher=VICE News|accessdate=2015-06-22|date=2015-06-16|archive-date=2015-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622092718/https://news.vice.com/article/russia-denies-that-its-soldiers-are-in-ukraine-but-we-tracked-one-there-using-his-selfies|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


== 參考資料 ==
== 參考資料 ==

2024年8月19日 (一) 04:41的最新版本

傑巴利采沃戰役
頓巴斯戰爭的一部分


上圖:戰役前俄国势力(紅)與乌克兰政府軍(藍)各自控制的區域。
下圖:戰役後俄国势力(紅)與乌克兰政府軍(藍)各自控制的區域。(2015年2月18日)
日期2015年1月17日-2月20日
(1个月3天)
地点
结果

俄罗斯及其支持的武装分子勝利[1]

参战方
 烏克蘭

 俄羅斯

指挥官与领导者
谢尔盖·沙普塔拉
谢苗·谢缅琴科英语Semen Semenchenko(負傷)
伊薩·穆納耶夫英语Isa Munayev[2]  
亚历山大·扎哈尔琴科
弗拉基米尔·科诺诺夫
奧列格·布格羅夫
(盧甘斯克人民共和國國防部長)
阿列克谢·莫兹格沃伊 [3]
参战单位

 乌克兰武装部队:

 乌克兰国民警卫队[4]

Template:焦哈爾·杜達耶夫營[2]

俄罗斯联邦武装力量(秘密参战)
新俄羅斯聯合武裝力量英语United Armed Forces of Novorossiya

  • 普里察克旅[3]
兵力
8,000名士兵,400多輛裝甲車輛[5] 12,000-17,000人[6]
伤亡与损失
外界推測3,000多人傷亡與被俘、失蹤,裝甲車輛戰損250多輛[7] 未知陣亡人數,70人以上受傷[8]
19名民眾喪生[9]

傑巴利采沃戰役烏克蘭語Бої за Дебальцеве)是頓巴斯戰爭的其中一場戰役,自2015年1月起交戰雙方在烏克蘭頓涅茨克州傑巴利采沃附近爆發戰鬥。此地於2014年7月起一些地方開始被政府軍收復,俄国势力試圖奪回而發動攻擊。

傑巴利采沃在戰前的形勢如同楔子,一邊面對頓涅茨克人民共和國,另一邊則是盧甘斯克人民共和國[10]。此處也是鐵路與公路的要衝。

背景

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經過2014年烏克蘭革命,烏克蘭東部陸續爆發衝突。2014年4月,傑巴利采沃被親俄分離主義者所佔領,但到了7月28日政府軍成功收復此地,此後直至2015年1月皆穩固地控制著[11]。雖然雙方簽下明斯克協議確認停火,但在傑巴利采沃一帶仍間歇性發生衝突[12][13]

過程

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2015年1月,數千名烏克蘭政府軍駐紮於傑巴利采沃地區[14]。此城為鐵路和公路的重要連結點,形勢對於政府軍就像「口袋」、「楔子」。於此之前的數個月,此地屢屢遭到砲擊,當地居民多數已經離開,商店、學校及住屋也關門或毀棄[14]。1月17日開始,砲火愈趨猛烈,直到1月20日才暫時歇息[14]

1月22日,頓涅茨克人民共和國的軍隊向傑巴利采沃一帶的政府軍營地攻擊[15],強烈的砲火持續至隔天仍未停止,但政府軍依舊死守營地[16]。在戰鬥中一所學校被砲彈擊中,而政府軍也朝分離主義者營地砲擊以示報復[17]。1月23日,頓涅茨克軍隊試圖收復三面受敵的傑巴利采沃。根據1月24日的報導,一個政府軍的檢查哨直接受到攻擊[18]。1月25日,另一個位在傑巴利采沃附近的檢查哨也被襲擊,但被政府軍擊退。1月26日,隨著戰鬥持續,戰火蔓延至傑巴利采沃全區,一位居民告訴路透社傑巴利采沃幾乎已被分離主義者包圍,然而政府軍仍抵擋住接連的攻勢[19]

分離主義者進展

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1月27日,分離主義者試圖從戈爾洛夫卡攻入傑巴利采沃,但遭到擊退[20]。隔天,一名頓涅茨克軍隊的指揮官宣稱已控制能夠進城的高速公路,該城也已幾乎被包圍[21]。但是,烏克蘭議員德米特里·季姆丘克英语Dmytro Tymchuk於1月29日表示分離主義者的軍隊雖然試圖切斷前線與本地的聯繫,但政府軍以砲火反擊造成其大量傷亡,分離主義者因而被迫縮減了攻勢[22]BBC News則釋出了一段親俄民兵在轟炸中被捕的影片[23]。儘管如此,同時間分離主義者奪取了距離傑巴利采沃西方約13公里的烏格列戈爾斯克,此地正好位在M04高速公路烏克蘭語Автошлях М 04從傑巴利采沃通往戈爾洛夫卡的路段上。分離主義者打破了政府軍的防線,並且佔領一座檢查哨後進入烏格列戈爾斯克,政府軍則趕緊派兵增援[24]。根據美聯社的報導指出,此城的陷落將導致政府軍守住傑巴利采沃的任務更加艱難[25]。此外,政府軍表示三名傑巴利采沃的民眾死於親俄民兵持續的轟炸[26]

1月30日,砲彈擊中了一輛巴士,古比雪夫區英语Kuibyshevskyi District, Donetsk作為分發人道援助場所的一座文化中心也遭到轟炸。根據BBC的消息,許多平民和政府軍被困在城內,部分民眾則逃往政府軍「口袋」入口的阿爾喬莫夫斯克[27]。俄國媒體俄羅斯24報導大約有八千名政府軍仍駐留於傑巴利采沃,而分離主義者正接近關上「口袋」入口的地步。烏克蘭的地區防衛營指揮官谢苗·谢缅琴科英语Semen Semenchenko表示雖然大部分地區已被親俄民兵控制,不過政府軍仍掌握著傑巴利采沃[27]。烏克蘭國家安全及國防委員會發言人安德烈·李森科(Andriy Lysenko)表示援軍已經抵達烏格列戈爾斯克,仍舊守住前線[28]。在這一整天當中,分離主義者不斷向來回於阿爾喬莫夫斯克與傑巴利采沃之間的裝甲運兵車和貨車發射BM-21火箭炮,使得政府軍的運輸線幾乎被切斷[29]BM-21也擊中了公寓,造成至少七位民眾喪生。剩下的居民開始搭上每天三班駛往阿爾喬莫夫斯克的巴士撤離,以躲避升級的戰火[29][30]

關上「水壺」

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1月31日,至少十二名民眾死於分離主義者的轟炸。與此同時,政府軍為了切斷親俄民兵對烏格列戈爾斯克的援助而持續轟炸[31]顿巴斯营發動地面攻勢試圖收復該城,但以失敗收場,且造成三名士兵陣亡,部隊指揮官谢苗·谢缅琴科英语Semen Semenchenko也負傷[32]。另一方面,疏散傑巴利采沃居民的行動持續進行,該城直到當日為止無水、電及瓦斯的情況已至少十天,烏克蘭總理阿爾謝尼·亞采尼克則表示已疏散超過千位民眾[33]。烏克蘭國防部長斯捷潘·波尔托拉克英语Stepan Poltorak證實傑巴利采沃部分地區落入分離主義者之手[34]。2月1日,政府軍在傑巴利采沃的情勢急遽惡化,根據基輔郵報報導由於分離主義者推進到城市外圍一帶,烏克蘭民族衛隊有些部隊被迫逃離[4]。2月2日,政府軍情況仍未有起色,紐約時報報導分離主義者隨時可攻下與阿爾喬莫夫斯克連繫的M03高速公路烏克蘭語Автошлях М 03[35]。此路上已發生多起滿載民眾的巴士遭到砲擊的事件,使得M03高速公路幾乎等於無法通行,頓涅茨克人民共和國領導人亞歷山大·扎哈爾琴科也表示「任何試圖離開"水壺"地區的人將會進入我們砲擊範圍」[35]。一名人道援助工作者表示截至2月2日離開當地的民眾已達八千人,另名工作者則說親俄民兵刻意將攻擊目標朝向撤離居民的巴士[36]。一名國際特赦組織的觀察員則形容傑巴利采沃的人道情況「災難性的」[37]。而為了協助傑巴利采沃的軍隊,政府軍從克拉馬托爾斯克大量增援,其中包括了裝甲車及各類物資[38]。2月3日,分離主義者與政府軍同意該天停火,以讓當地居民能夠撤離,直到當地時間13時開始分離主義者砲火愈趨猛烈,意圖將傑巴利采沃夷為平地[39]

2月6日,乌克兰军队与頓巴斯親俄武裝双方商定当天临时停火8小时,以便为撤离该市的居民开辟绿色通道。乌克兰顿涅茨克州政府新闻负责人称,虽然地方政府努力劝说民众离开该市,但撤离平民的工作完全在自愿的基础上进行。顿涅茨克人民共和国国防部副部长爱德华·巴苏林称,撤离该市的平民可以自己选择前往何地,即去往乌政府军控制的巴赫穆特市,还是去往亲俄武装控制的顿涅茨克市[40]

2月11日,乌军总参谋部发言人称,该市郊外的乌军阵地当天凌晨遭到亲俄武装炮击,有19名军人在炮击中丧生,另有78名军人受伤,伤者都已被送入医院治疗[41]

2月12日,德国、法国、乌克兰和俄罗斯四国领导人在白俄罗斯首都明斯克达成新明斯克協議,同意15日起在乌克兰东部实施全面停火。但就在15日当天,乌克兰“反恐行动”新闻中心发布通报称,亲俄武装破坏停火协议,当天炮击乌政府军阵地达60多次,其中大部分炮击发生在该市附近。根据掌握的情报,亲俄武装企图夺取该市[42]

2月17日,乌军总参谋部新闻局通报称,亲俄武装在大炮和装甲车辆的火力支援下攻打该市,部分城区已被占领,巷战正在进行。而亲俄武装称已控制该市大部分地区,乌政府军仅控制城西部分地方,市内有300多名乌克兰守军主动投降。但随后乌军总参谋部驳斥了这个说法,称关于乌克兰军人在该市大批投降的消息不符合事实,这是企图制造恐慌情绪的挑衅行为[43]

2月18日,乌克兰总统彼得罗·波罗申科宣布,乌政府军已经完成预定任务撤离该市,并不存在政府军在该市被包围的情况[44]。随后,乌军第一副总参谋长沃罗比约夫称,自15日零时停火协议生效以来,发生在该市的战斗造成乌克兰军人22人死亡、158人受伤。他还称,乌军从该市共撤出2475名乌克兰军人,其中6人在撤出过程中被亲俄武装打死。另外,乌克兰军方从该市撤走200件重武器,包括15辆坦克和50辆步兵装甲战车[45]

評論

[编辑]

2015年6月16日,VICE新聞製作了一段23分鐘長的YouTube報導[46],追蹤和調查一名來自西伯利亞布里亞特共和國俄軍士兵巴托·達姆巴耶夫(Бато Дамбаев[47])的社交網站相片,發現此俄軍士兵曾隨軍從俄羅斯進入烏克蘭國境,後改穿親俄份子的軍服,於傑巴利采沃一帶上載自拍照片。報導指這次調查證明了俄軍正規部隊在烏克蘭衝突中進行了積極的干預,並認為俄軍的參與是親俄份子能夠支持至今的關鍵[48]

參考資料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kramer, Andrew E.; Herszenhorn, David M. Ukrainian Soldiers’ Retreat From Eastern Town Raises Doubt for Truce. The New York Times. 2015-02-18 [2022-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2022-04-01) (美国英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Isa Munayev died in the battle for Debaltseve. Info News. 2015-02-02 [2015-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-03). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Alexei Mozgovoi's "Ghost" brigade in the Debaltsevo operation. Life News. 2015-01-29 [2015-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-12). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Ukraine's casualties spike as separatist spies and saboteurs roam behind army lines. Kyiv Post. 2015-02-01 [2015-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-12). 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2024-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-16). 
  6. ^ Бірюков повідомив про загибель майже 3 тисяч бойовиків в районі Дебальцевого [Biryukov reported the death of almost 3 thousand fighters in the Debaltsevo region]. Ukrainian Pravda. 20 February 2015 [25 February 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-20) (乌克兰语). 
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2024-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-16). 
  8. ^ Rebels Suffer Heavy Losses in Battle for Ukraine's Debaltseve. NBC News. [2015-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-14). 
  9. ^ Ukraine: Horror of civilian bloodshed in indiscriminate attacks. Amnesty International. [2015-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-06). 
  10. ^ US warns of more sanctions on Russia. BBC. 2015-01-28 [2015-01-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-08). 
  11. ^ ATO forces take over Debaltseve, Shakhtarsk, Torez, Lutuhyne, fighting for Pervomaisk and Snizhne underway - ATO press center. Interfax-Ukraine News Agency. 2014-07-28 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-28). 
  12. ^ Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 15 September 2014: Monitoring to the east of Donetsk, SMM patrol vehicles hit by fire (新闻稿). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 2014-09-15 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
  13. ^ Protracted conflict in eastern Ukraine continues to take heavy toll on civilians (新闻稿). United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2014-10-08 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-31). 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Kremlin-backed separatists rain death down on Debaltseve. Kyiv Post. 2015-01-20 [2015-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-11). 
  15. ^ Kyiv reports Russian-led insurgents attacks in Debaltseve sector. Kyiv Post. 2015-01-22 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-27). 
  16. ^ Video: The fight to defend Ukraine’s strategic Debaltseve. France 24. 23 January 2014 [29 January 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-24). 
  17. ^ No one hurt as empty kindergarten gets shelled in Debaltseve. Kyiv Post. 2015-01-23 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-19). 
  18. ^ Tank troops fight to contain rebel expansion in eastern Ukraine. The Telegraph. 2015-01-24 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-08). 
  19. ^ Ukraine rebels move to encircle government troops in new advance. Reuters. 2015-01-26 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). 
  20. ^ Militants continue attempt to take Ukraine-controlled Debaltseve. Ukraine Today. 2015-01-27 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-02). 
  21. ^ Ukraine rebels claim new key victory is within grasp. San Francisco Chronicle. [2015-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-30). 
  22. ^ Debaltseve encirclement attempts thwarted by Ukrainian artillery. Ukraine Today. 2015-01-29 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-26). 
  23. ^ Footage shows pro-Russian rebels under fire in Ukraine. BBC News. 2015-01-30 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-21). 
  24. ^ Militant tanks enter Uglegorsk, battle raging. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. 2015-01-29 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06). 
  25. ^ Russia-backed rebels overrun another town in east in onslaught against army troops. Fox News Channel. Associated Press. 2015-01-29 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-11). 
  26. ^ Death toll mounts in intense clashes in east Ukraine. Reuters. 2015-01-29 [2015-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-02). 
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 Ukraine battle rages for key town of Debaltseve. BBC News. 2015-01-30 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-28). 
  28. ^ Ukrainian reinforcements arrive in Vuhlehirsk where fighting continues, Lysenko says. Ukrinform. 2015-01-30 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-08). 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Separatists gain stranglehold over Debaltseve as evacuation continues. Kyiv Post. 2015-01-30 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-12). 
  30. ^ Ukraine peace talks aborted as civilians die in east. Reuters. 2015-01-30 [2015-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). 
  31. ^ Kremlin-backed separatists shell Debaltseve, kill 12. Kyiv Post. 2015-01-31 [2015-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-27). 
  32. ^ Another deadly weekend with 22 civilians killed in Donbas. Kyiv Post. 2015-02-01 [2015-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-02). 
  33. ^ Peter Leonard. Civilians flee east Ukraine town as fighting intensifies. Associated Press. 2015-01-31 [2015-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-02). 
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  36. ^ Volunteers evacuate residents from Debaltseve under shelling. Kyiv Post. 2015-02-02 [2015-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-21). 
  37. ^ Ukraine: Debaltseve’s residents reaching breaking point (新闻稿). Amnesty International. 2015-02-03 [2015-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-18). 
  38. ^ Ukraine throws reinforcements at Debaltseve, separatists vow to escalate war. Kyiv Post. 2015-02-02 [2015-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-08). 
  39. ^ Kremlin-backed separatists look to level Debaltseve. Kyiv Post. 2015-02-03 [2015-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-02). 
  40. ^ 张志强. 乌克兰冲突双方为平民撤离停火8小时. 新华社. 2015-02-06 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  41. ^ 张志强. 乌军方说民间武装炮击造成近百名军人死伤. 新华社. 2015-02-11 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  42. ^ 张志强. 乌克兰当局指责东部民间武装破坏停火. 新华社. 2015-02-16 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  43. ^ 张志强. 乌克兰东部城市杰巴利采沃战况激烈. 新华社. 2015-02-18 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-17) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  44. ^ 张志强. 乌克兰总统宣布政府军撤离杰巴利采沃. 2015-02-18 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  45. ^ 张志强. 乌克兰军方说杰巴利采沃战斗造成乌军死伤180人. 新华社. 2015-02-19 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  46. ^ YouTube上的Selfie Soldiers: Russia Checks in to Ukraine
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  48. ^ Simon Ostrovsky. Russia Denies That Its Soldiers Are in Ukraine, But We Tracked One There Using His Selfies. VICE News. 2015-06-16 [2015-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-22).