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电子游戏攻略：修订间差异

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{{NoteTA
{{NoteTA
|G1=Games
|G1=Games
|1=zh-tw:影片;zh-cn:视频;
|1=zh-tw:影片;zh-cn:视频;zh-hk:影片
|2=zh-tw:數位;zh-cn:数字;zh-hk:數碼
|3=zh-tw:串流媒體;zh-cn:流媒体;zh-hk:串流媒體
}}
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{{Video games}}
{{Video games}}
'''游戏攻略视频'''是旨在改进玩家在某款游戏中技能的指南，一般用于辅助玩家完成整个游戏或特定要素。攻略视频也可以设置成实况视频，玩家将自己玩游戏的实况录制下来，上传到或实况直播于互联网。攻略视频可被视为帮助玩家增加经验的指南，有助于解锁[[成就 (电子游戏)|成就]]，或仅仅用于结识视之为日常消遣的志同道合者。
'''电子游戏攻略'''是帮助玩家提升游戏技能、破关游戏或满足特定条件的一种方法指引。也可制作成实况视频，将自己玩游戏的实况录制下来，上传到或实况直播于互联网。攻略视频可被视为帮助玩家增加经验的指南，有助于解锁[[成就 (电子游戏)|成就]]和通關或用於结識日常休閒的志同道合者。


攻略视频源于游戏杂志的文字攻略。随着计算机和互联网的日益普及，攻略扩展到数字和视频格式。据2015年在芬兰进行的一项研究，攻略视频观众的平均年龄为23岁，普遍为男性。有些人和企业以公开录制提供指南赚取丰厚收益著称。
攻略视频源于游戏杂志的文字攻略。随着计算机和互联网的日益普及，攻略扩展到视频。据2015年在[[芬兰]]进行的一项研究，攻略视频观众的平均年龄为23岁，普遍为男性。有些人和企业以公开录制提供指南赚取[[影片分享網站|影片平台]]丰厚收益。


== 历史 ==
== 历史 ==
最开始，游戏攻略视频收录于{{le|游戏媒体|Video game journalism|游戏杂志}}和[[电子布告栏系统|BBS]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/community/2010/05/03/complete-100-guide-to-a-walkthrough/|title=Complete 100% guide to a walkthrough|website=Venture Beat|language=|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zam.com/article/455/a-walkthrough-the-past-interviews-with-former-writers-on-the-making-of-strategy-guides|title=A Walkthrough the Past: Interviews with Former Writers on the Making of Strategy Guides|website=ZAM|language=|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref>。20世纪80年代末<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/04/business/nintendo-scores-big.html|title=Nintendo Scores Big|last=Mcgill|first=Douglas C.|date=1988-12-04|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-07-28|language=|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>到21世纪初<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsvlts.com/2016/11/08/radical-the-nintendo-power-line-is-back-for-one-weekend-only/|title=Radical! The Nintendo Power Line Is Back For One Weekend Only|date=2016-11-08|website=The Roosevelts|access-date=2017-07-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729050607/http://www.rsvlts.com/2016/11/08/radical-the-nintendo-power-line-is-back-for-one-weekend-only/|archivedate=2017-07-29|df=}}</ref>，攻略视频在[[美国]]以“[[热线]]”模式提供<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/what-was-it-be-nintendo-game-play-counselor-224289|title=What was it like to be a Nintendo game play counselor?|date=2015-11-21|access-date=2017-05-09}}</ref>。尽管互联网指南迅速兴起<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/14/internet-killed-the-magazine-star/|title=Internet Killed The Magazine Star {{!}} TechCrunch|last=Biggs|first=John|access-date=2017-07-28}}</ref>，文字攻略时至今日仍以纸质和数字版格式呈现<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/further-decline-for-print-mags|title=Further decline for print mags|work=GamesIndustry.biz|access-date=2017-07-27|language=}}</ref>。纸媒的例子有[[普莉瑪遊戲]]发行的[[攻略本]]，而数字版文字指南则出现在[[IGN]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://au.ign.com/wikis|title=Game Wiki Guides, Cheats, Walkthroughs, FAQs – IGN|website=IGN|language=|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref>、[[GamesRadar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/|title=GamesRadar+|work=GamesRadar|access-date=2017-05-04|language=}}</ref>和[[GameFAQs]]等游戏网站上<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamefaqs.com|title=GameFAQs – Video Game Cheats, Reviews, FAQs, Message Boards, and More|website=GameFAQs|language=|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref>，一般为[[wiki]]形式<ref>Gerber, H. R. (2013). Fostering collaboration, cooperation, and independent reading and writing through sports videogames. Voice of Youth Advocates, 36, 42–43.</ref>。《[[电脑与电子游戏]]》在他们的网站（目前失效）computerandvideogames.com上制作并刊出大量数字版版指南，直到母公司[[Future plc]]倒闭<ref name=":11" />。
电子游戏攻略起先存在于{{le|游戏媒体|Video game journalism|游戏杂志}}和[[电子布告栏系统|电子布告栏]]中<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/community/2010/05/03/complete-100-guide-to-a-walkthrough/|title=Complete 100% guide to a walkthrough|website=Venture Beat|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730085326/https://venturebeat.com/community/2010/05/03/complete-100-guide-to-a-walkthrough/|archivedate=2017-07-30}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zam.com/article/455/a-walkthrough-the-past-interviews-with-former-writers-on-the-making-of-strategy-guides|title=A Walkthrough the Past: Interviews with Former Writers on the Making of Strategy Guides|website=ZAM|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424070700/http://www.zam.com/article/455/a-walkthrough-the-past-interviews-with-former-writers-on-the-making-of-strategy-guides|archivedate=2017-04-24}}</ref>。20世纪80年代末<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/04/business/nintendo-scores-big.html|title=Nintendo Scores Big|last=Mcgill|first=Douglas C.|date=1988-12-04|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-07-28|issn=0362-4331|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526234055/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/04/business/nintendo-scores-big.html|archivedate=2017-05-26}}</ref>到21世纪初<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsvlts.com/2016/11/08/radical-the-nintendo-power-line-is-back-for-one-weekend-only/|title=Radical! The Nintendo Power Line Is Back For One Weekend Only|date=2016-11-08|website=The Roosevelts|access-date=2017-07-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729050607/http://www.rsvlts.com/2016/11/08/radical-the-nintendo-power-line-is-back-for-one-weekend-only/|archivedate=2017-07-29|df=}}</ref>[[美国]]开始以“[[热线]]”模式提供指导服务<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/what-was-it-be-nintendo-game-play-counselor-224289|title=What was it like to be a Nintendo game play counselor?|date=2015-11-21|access-date=2017-05-09|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707103839/http://www.avclub.com/article/what-was-it-be-nintendo-game-play-counselor-224289|archivedate=2017-07-07}}</ref>。尽管互联网攻略迅速兴起<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/14/internet-killed-the-magazine-star/|title=Internet Killed The Magazine Star {{!}} TechCrunch|last=Biggs|first=John|access-date=2017-07-28|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729011913/https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/14/internet-killed-the-magazine-star/|archivedate=2017-07-29}}</ref>，文字攻略时至今日仍以纸质和数字版格式呈现<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/further-decline-for-print-mags|title=Further decline for print mags|work=GamesIndustry.biz|access-date=2017-07-27|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66kNUUTj4?url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/further-decline-for-print-mags|archivedate=2012-04-07}}</ref>。纸媒的例子有[[普莉瑪遊戲]]发行的[[攻略本]]，而数字版文字攻略则出现在[[IGN]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://au.ign.com/wikis|title=Game Wiki Guides, Cheats, Walkthroughs, FAQs – IGN|website=IGN|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119175542/http://au.ign.com/wikis|archivedate=2018-01-19}}</ref>、[[GamesRadar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/|title=GamesRadar+|work=GamesRadar|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504061228/http://www.gamesradar.com/|archivedate=2017-05-04}}</ref>和[[GameFAQs]]等游戏网站上<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamefaqs.com|title=GameFAQs – Video Game Cheats, Reviews, FAQs, Message Boards, and More|website=GameFAQs|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503164359/https://www.gamefaqs.com/|archivedate=2017-05-03}}</ref>，一般为[[wiki|百科]]形式<ref>Gerber, H. R. (2013). Fostering collaboration, cooperation, and independent reading and writing through sports videogames. Voice of Youth Advocates, 36, 42–43.</ref>。《[[电脑与电子游戏]]》在他们的网站（目前失效）computerandvideogames.com上制作并刊出大量数字版指南，直到母公司[[Future plc]]倒闭<ref name=":11" />。


玩家制作数字版攻略的目的一般是帮助其他玩家完成游戏中的某些特性<ref name=":8">{{cite journal|last1=Niemeyer|first1=D. J.|last2=Gerber|first2=H. R.|title=Maker culture and ''Minecraft'': implications for the future of learning|journal=Educational Media International|date=2015|volume=52|issue=3|pages=216–226|doi=10.1080/09523987.2015.1075103}}</ref>{{efn|name=note1}}，类似于文字和电话攻略，此外也可以用来娱乐消遣<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/08/why-i-watch-lets-plays/|title=Why I Watch People Play Videogames on the Internet|last=Muncy|first=Jake|access-date=2017-02-22|language=|newspaper=WIRED}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/07/living/watching-video-games/index.html|title=Why watching video games is must-see TV|last=CNN|first=Christopher Dawson|website=CNN|access-date=2017-02-22}}</ref>。这些数字版攻略一般会被上传到[[YouTube]]等[[视频分享网站]]或透过[[Twitch (網路)|Twitch.tv]][[流媒体]]实况转播。{{le|游戏实况|Let's Play}}则是攻略的特殊模式，一般着重于娱乐，而不是实况主完成游戏时用调侃式的评论提醒观众<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/what-lets-play-4901264.html|title=What is a "Let's Play?"|last=Finniss|first=David|date=2009-11-18|publisher=Yahoo News Network|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024203/http://voices.yahoo.com/what-lets-play-4901264.html|archivedate=2014-07-29|work=Yahoo Voices|accessdate=2013-12-23}}</ref>。
玩家制作数字版攻略的目的一般是帮助其他玩家达成游戏中的特定成就<ref name=":8">{{cite journal|last1=Niemeyer|first1=D. J.|last2=Gerber|first2=H. R.|title=Maker culture and ''Minecraft'': implications for the future of learning|journal=Educational Media International|date=2015|volume=52|issue=3|pages=216–226|doi=10.1080/09523987.2015.1075103}}</ref>{{efn|name=note1}}，类似于文字和电话攻略，此外也可以用来娱乐消遣<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/08/why-i-watch-lets-plays/|title=Why I Watch People Play Videogames on the Internet|last=Muncy|first=Jake|access-date=2017-02-22|newspaper=WIRED|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222064544/https://www.wired.com/2016/08/why-i-watch-lets-plays/|archivedate=2016-12-22}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/07/living/watching-video-games/index.html|title=Why watching video games is must-see TV|last=CNN|first=Christopher Dawson|website=CNN|access-date=2017-02-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224133027/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/07/living/watching-video-games/index.html|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref>。这些数字版攻略一般会被上传到[[YouTube]]等[[视频分享网站]]或透过[[Twitch (網路)|Twitch.tv]][[流媒体]]实况转播。{{le|游戏实况|Let's Play}}则是攻略的特殊模式，一般着重于娱乐，而不是实况主完成游戏时用调侃式的评论提醒观众收看<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/what-lets-play-4901264.html|title=What is a "Let's Play?"|last=Finniss|first=David|date=2009-11-18|publisher=Yahoo News Network|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024203/http://voices.yahoo.com/what-lets-play-4901264.html|archivedate=2014-07-29|work=Yahoo Voices|accessdate=2013-12-23}}</ref>。


== 模式 ==
== 模式 ==
[[File:Prima Games Super Mario Sunshine Official Strategy Guide magazine cover.jpg|thumb|185px|right|[[普莉瑪遊戲]]游戏攻略本封面。]]
[[File:Prima Games Super Mario Sunshine Official Strategy Guide magazine cover.jpg|thumb|185px|right|[[普莉瑪遊戲]]游戏攻略本封面。]]
文本攻略创作没有标准模式，目前的创作指南包含了广泛例子与分步骤指导<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://levelskip.com/misc/How-to-Write-a-Video-Game-Walkthrough|title=How to Write a Video Game Walkthrough|work=LevelSkip|access-date=2017-05-04|language=}}</ref>。[[普莉瑪遊戲]]和《[[电脑与电子游戏]]》都制作攻略。Prima Games制作专门的正式文本攻略及针对各大游戏的纸质版和数字版攻略书<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.primagames.com|title=Prima Games {{!}} Free and premium video game guides|website=Prima Games|language=|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref>。《电脑与电子游戏》在他们的网站和官方YouTube频道上发布文字和视频攻略，直到2015年2月被整合旗下品牌资产的[[Future plc]]关闭<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27486867|title=Computer and Video Games online magazine facing closure|last=Lee|first=Dave|date=2014-05-21|access-date=2017-02-21|language=|newspaper=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-12-19-cvg-to-close|title=CVG to close|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|date=2014-12-19|website=Eurogamer|language=|access-date=2017-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/483033/features/messages-from-the-editors|title=Messages from the editors – CVG|date=2015-01-29|access-date=2017-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129031012/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/483033/features/messages-from-the-editors|archivedate=2015-01-29|df=}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-12-19-cvg-to-close|title=CVG to close|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|date=2014-12-19|website=Eurogamer|language=|access-date=2017-08-06}}</ref>。[[IGN]]也创作发布文字和视频攻略<ref name=":4" />。
文本攻略创作没有标准模式，目前的创作指南包含了广泛例子与分步骤指导<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://levelskip.com/misc/How-to-Write-a-Video-Game-Walkthrough|title=How to Write a Video Game Walkthrough|work=LevelSkip|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729023917/https://levelskip.com/misc/How-to-Write-a-Video-Game-Walkthrough|archivedate=2017-07-29}}</ref>。[[普莉瑪遊戲]]和《[[电脑与电子游戏]]》都制作攻略。普莉玛游戏制作专门的正式文本攻略及针对各大游戏的纸质版和数字版攻略书<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.primagames.com|title=Prima Games {{!}} Free and premium video game guides|website=Prima Games|access-date=2017-05-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506031545/https://www.primagames.com/|archivedate=2017-05-06}}</ref>。《电脑与电子游戏》在他们的网站和官方YouTube频道上发布文字和视频攻略，直到2015年2月被整合旗下品牌资产的[[Future plc]]关闭<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27486867|title=Computer and Video Games online magazine facing closure|last=Lee|first=Dave|date=2014-05-21|access-date=2017-02-21|newspaper=BBC News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002065827/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27486867|archivedate=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-12-19-cvg-to-close|title=CVG to close|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|date=2014-12-19|website=Eurogamer|access-date=2017-07-26|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729004347/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-12-19-cvg-to-close|archivedate=2017-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/483033/features/messages-from-the-editors|title=Messages from the editors – CVG|date=2015-01-29|access-date=2017-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129031012/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/483033/features/messages-from-the-editors|archivedate=2015-01-29|df=}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-12-19-cvg-to-close|title=CVG to close|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|date=2014-12-19|website=Eurogamer|access-date=2017-08-06|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729004347/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-12-19-cvg-to-close|archivedate=2017-07-29}}</ref>。[[IGN]]也创作发布文字和视频攻略<ref name=":4" />。


至于攻略视频，可以用多种模式记录游戏过程<ref name=":8" />，譬如[[屏幕录制|屏幕录制软件]]、部分模拟器的内置录音功能或连接家用机或其他计算机的视频捕捉设备{{efn|name=note2}}。有些游戏内置录像功能，例如《[[侠盗猎车手V]]》（2013）<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rockstargames.com/newswire/article/52416/introducing-the-rockstar-editor|title=Introducing the Rockstar Editor – Rockstar Games|work=Rockstar Games|access-date=2017-07-28|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialclub.rockstargames.com/games/gtav/tutorials/editor|title=Rockstar Games Social Club|last=North|first=Rockstar|website=socialclub.rockstargames.com|language=|access-date=2017-07-28}}</ref>在重新发行的[[PlayStation 4]]和[[Xbox One]]版本内置录制和编辑功能，让玩家录制编辑视频，和其他人共享<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/gaming/604565/GTA-5-Xbox-360-Rockstar-PS3-GTA-Online-PS4-update-Xbox-One|title=GTA 5: Rockstar reveal the bad news for Xbox 360 and PS3 gamers and talk future expansions|last=Jones|first=Gary|date=2015-09-11|work=Express.co.uk|access-date=2017-08-01|language=}}</ref>。视频内容一般透过流媒体在互联网分享，利用视频分享和[[YouTube]]及[[Twitch (網路)|Twitch]]等[[流媒体]]网站，有可能获得数百万观众<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/449161/500-million-people-are-watching-videos-of-video-games/|title=500 million people are watching videos of video games|last=Mirani|first=Leo|work=Quartz|access-date=2017-05-10|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2014/08/25/what-is-twich/|title=Who Wants to Watch Other People Play Video Games? Millions on Twitch|last=Stark|first=Chelsea|website=Mashable|access-date=2017-05-10}}</ref>。
至于攻略视频，可以用多种模式记录游戏过程<ref name=":8" />，譬如[[屏幕录制|屏幕录制软件]]、部分模拟器的内置录音功能或连接家用机或其他计算机的视频捕捉设备{{efn|name=note2}}。有些游戏内置录像功能，例如《[[侠盗猎车手V]]》（2013）<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rockstargames.com/newswire/article/52416/introducing-the-rockstar-editor|title=Introducing the Rockstar Editor – Rockstar Games|work=Rockstar Games|access-date=2017-07-28|archive-date=2017-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702030816/http://www.rockstargames.com/newswire/article/52416/introducing-the-rockstar-editor|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialclub.rockstargames.com/games/gtav/tutorials/editor|title=Rockstar Games Social Club|last=North|first=Rockstar|website=Rockstar Games Social Club|access-date=2017-07-28}}{{Dead link|date=2019年12月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Subscription required}}</ref>在重新发行的[[PlayStation 4]]和[[Xbox One]]版本内置录制和编辑功能，让玩家录制编辑视频，和其他人共享<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/gaming/604565/GTA-5-Xbox-360-Rockstar-PS3-GTA-Online-PS4-update-Xbox-One|title=GTA 5: Rockstar reveal the bad news for Xbox 360 and PS3 gamers and talk future expansions|last=Jones|first=Gary|date=2015-09-11|work=Express.co.uk|access-date=2017-08-01|archive-date=2017-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801124149/http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/gaming/604565/GTA-5-Xbox-360-Rockstar-PS3-GTA-Online-PS4-update-Xbox-One|dead-url=no}}</ref>。视频内容一般透过流媒体在互联网分享，利用视频分享和[[YouTube]]及[[Twitch (網路)|Twitch]]等[[流媒体]]网站，有可能获得数百万观众<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/449161/500-million-people-are-watching-videos-of-video-games/|title=500 million people are watching videos of video games|last=Mirani|first=Leo|work=Quartz|access-date=2017-05-10|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132601/https://qz.com/449161/500-million-people-are-watching-videos-of-video-games/|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2014/08/25/what-is-twich/|title=Who Wants to Watch Other People Play Video Games? Millions on Twitch|last=Stark|first=Chelsea|website=Mashable|access-date=2017-05-10|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316152651/http://mashable.com/2014/08/25/what-is-twich/|archivedate=2017-03-16}}</ref>。


== 动机 ==
== 动机 ==
[[File:Deadcore - Basics 2 of 3 - Jumps & Blasts (Walkthrough Video).webm|thumb|left|攻略视频示例，由计算机语音评述。]]
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2016年，[[坦佩雷大学]]的马克斯·斯乔布鲁姆和进行了一项研究攻略视频观众不同动机的研究。根据研究，五个最明显的动机是增进玩家对特定游戏的经验、自信及了解；社交；从日常生活中“逃离”或消遣<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Sjöblom|first=Max|last2=Hamari|first2=Juho|date=2016-05-13|title=Why Do People Watch Others Play Video Games? An Empirical Study on the Motivations of Twitch Users|location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=2779543}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sekg.net/new-world-video-games-viewers-audience/|title=A New World of Video Games: Viewers – Sekg|date=2016-10-28|newspaper=Sekg|access-date=2017-02-22|language=}}</ref>。攻略视频可以指导玩家完成整部游戏或仅是某些要素<ref>{{Citation|title=Injustice 2: Supergirl Gameplay Walkthrough – IGN First – IGN Video|url=http://ca.ign.com/videos/2017/01/07/injustice-2-supergirl-gameplay-walkthrough-ign-first-ign-sl|language=|accessdate=2017-02-21}}</ref>，也可以指导<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://kotaku.com/5927191/the-joy-of-playing-video-games-without-actually-playing-them|title=The Joy Of Playing Video Games Without Actually Playing Them|last=Schreier|first=Jason|newspaper=Kotaku|access-date=2017-02-22|language=}}</ref>寻找稀有收集品或解锁[[成就 (电子游戏)|成就]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ3KzJPBsAHkmIIrAv_sd_UwoA4FhdUCG|title=GTA 5 – Achievements / Trophies and Side Missions – YouTube|website=YouTube|language=|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref>。


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2016年，[[坦佩雷大学]]的马克斯·斯乔布鲁姆（{{lang|en|Max Sjöblom}}）和朱霍·哈马利（{{lang|en|Juho Hamari}}）进行了一项研究攻略视频观众不同动机的研究。根据研究，五个最明显的动机是增进玩家对特定游戏的经验、自信及了解；社交；从日常生活中“逃脱”或消遣<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Sjöblom|first=Max|last2=Hamari|first2=Juho|date=2016-05-13|title=Why Do People Watch Others Play Video Games? An Empirical Study on the Motivations of Twitch Users|location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=2779543}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sekg.net/new-world-video-games-viewers-audience/|title=A New World of Video Games: Viewers – Sekg|date=2016-10-28|newspaper=Sekg|access-date=2017-02-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224133007/https://www.sekg.net/new-world-video-games-viewers-audience/|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref>。攻略视频可以指导玩家完成整部游戏或仅是某些要素<ref>{{Cite web|title=Injustice 2: Supergirl Gameplay Walkthrough – IGN First – IGN Video|url=http://www.ign.com/videos/2017/01/07/injustice-2-supergirl-gameplay-walkthrough-ign-first-ign-sl|date=2017-01-06|accessdate=2017-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207162935/http://www.ign.com/videos/2017/01/07/injustice-2-supergirl-gameplay-walkthrough-ign-first-ign-sl|archivedate=2018-02-07}}</ref>，也可以指导<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://kotaku.com/5927191/the-joy-of-playing-video-games-without-actually-playing-them|title=The Joy Of Playing Video Games Without Actually Playing Them|last=Schreier|first=Jason|newspaper=Kotaku|access-date=2017-02-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224212119/http://kotaku.com/5927191/the-joy-of-playing-video-games-without-actually-playing-them|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref>寻找稀有收集品或解锁[[成就 (电子游戏)|成就]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ3KzJPBsAHkmIIrAv_sd_UwoA4FhdUCG|title=GTA 5 – Achievements / Trophies and Side Missions – YouTube|website=YouTube|access-date=2017-02-21|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405113920/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ3KzJPBsAHkmIIrAv_sd_UwoA4FhdUCG|archivedate=2017-04-05}}</ref>。
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[[美联社]]的芭芭拉·奥图塔（{{lang|en|Barbara Ortutay}}）表示，玩家“观看现场和录制的视频教学不仅可以提高自己的能力，还可以视之为和明星玩家互动的聊天室或仅仅是娱乐<ref name=":1" />。”《[[商业内幕]]》和《[[The Verge]]》表示，这一类型视频内容和{{le|流媒体直播|Live streaming}}的观众不仅发挥了它们的娱乐价值<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/8/26/6068993/this-is-why-people-want-to-watch-other-people-play-video-games|title=This is why people want to watch other people play video games|last=McCormick|first=Rich|date=2014-08-26|website=The Verge|access-date=2017-02-22}}</ref>，还在从购买决定到“更好地玩游戏”的各项事宜中获得帮助<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/4-reasons-people-love-watching-video-games-online-2016-6/#1-to-get-better-at-playing-games-1|title=4 reasons people love watching video games online|access-date=2017-02-22|language=|newspaper=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://houstonianonline.com/2016/11/29/why-we-watch-others-play-video-games/|title=Why We Watch Others Play Video Games {{!}} The Houstonian|access-date=2017-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/449161/500-million-people-are-watching-videos-of-video-games/|title=500 million people are watching videos of video games|last=Mirani|first=Leo|access-date=2017-02-22|language=|newspaper=Quartz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tocaboca.com/magazine/lets-play-videos-kids/|title=Why Your Kid Loves Watching People Play Video Games on YouTube {{!}} A new way to play {{!}} Toca Boca|access-date=2017-02-22|language=|newspaper=A new way to play {{!}} Toca Boca}}
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</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tweentribune.com/article/tween56/watching-others-play-video-games-next-big-thing/|title=Watching others play video games the next big thing|access-date=2017-02-22|language=|newspaper=Smithsonian Tween Tribune}}</ref>。[[GamesRadar]]称观看攻略视频是“游戏界的[[Netflix]]”<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/no-commentary-playthroughs-are-the-netflix-of-videogames/|title=No-commentary playthroughs are the Netflix of video games|newspaper=GamesRadar|access-date=2017-02-22|language=}}</ref>，[[美国有线电视新闻网]]宣称透过视频或流媒体直播看别人玩游戏是“必看电视节目”<ref name=":0" />。


⚫
[[美联社]]的芭芭拉·奥图塔（{{lang|en|Barbara Ortutay}}）表示，玩家“观看现场和录制的视频教学不仅可以提高自己的能力，还可以视之为和明星玩家互动的聊天室或仅仅是娱乐<ref name=":1" />。”《[[商业内幕]]》和《[[The Verge]]》表示，这一类型视频内容和{{le|流媒体直播|Live streaming}}的观众不仅发挥了它们的娱乐价值<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/8/26/6068993/this-is-why-people-want-to-watch-other-people-play-video-games|title=This is why people want to watch other people play video games|last=McCormick|first=Rich|date=2014-08-26|website=The Verge|access-date=2017-02-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221212413/http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/26/6068993/this-is-why-people-want-to-watch-other-people-play-video-games|archivedate=2016-12-21}}</ref>，还在从购买决定到“更好地玩游戏”的各项事宜中获得帮助<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/4-reasons-people-love-watching-video-games-online-2016-6/#1-to-get-better-at-playing-games-1|title=4 reasons people love watching video games online|access-date=2017-02-22|newspaper=Business Insider|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315034224/http://www.businessinsider.com/4-reasons-people-love-watching-video-games-online-2016-6#1-to-get-better-at-playing-games-1|archivedate=2017-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://houstonianonline.com/2016/11/29/why-we-watch-others-play-video-games/|title=Why We Watch Others Play Video Games {{!}} The Houstonian|access-date=2017-02-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132046/http://houstonianonline.com/2016/11/29/why-we-watch-others-play-video-games/|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/449161/500-million-people-are-watching-videos-of-video-games/|title=500 million people are watching videos of video games|last=Mirani|first=Leo|access-date=2017-02-22|newspaper=Quartz|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132601/https://qz.com/449161/500-million-people-are-watching-videos-of-video-games/|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tocaboca.com/magazine/lets-play-videos-kids/|title=Why Your Kid Loves Watching People Play Video Games on YouTube {{!}} A new way to play {{!}} Toca Boca|access-date=2017-02-22|newspaper=A new way to play {{!}} Toca Boca|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619120623/http://tocaboca.com/magazine/lets-play-videos-kids/|archivedate=2016-06-19}}
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有些玩家从玩游戏指导或娱乐观众中探索到有利可图的商业模式<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-northamptonshire-26990297/dan-middleton-s-minecraft-videos-a-global-hit|title=Dan Middleton's Minecraft videos a global hit|website=BBC News|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref><ref>COSTA, D. (2017). Video Gaming for Fun and Profit.&nbsp;''PC Magazine'', 6–8.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scpr.org/programs/the-frame/2014/08/29/39119/how-gamer-the-rad-brad-makes-a-living-playing-vide/|title=How gamer 'The Rad Brad' makes a living playing video games|last=Radio|first=Southern California Public|date=2014-08-29|work=Southern California Public Radio|access-date=2017-07-28|language=}}</ref>。由于不断有玩家上传或流媒体直播他们的内容，多领域协助内容创作者的[[多频道网络]]形成<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2737059|title=Multi-Channel Network (MCN) overview for YouTube Creators – YouTube Help|website=support.google.com|language=|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref>，以换取广告收入产生的份额<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sitepronews.com/2013/03/08/can-a-multi-channel-network-boost-your-youtube-marketing-success/|title=Can a Multi-Channel Network Boost Your YouTube Marketing Success?|last=YouTube|first=Neil Davidson in|date=2013-03-08|website=SiteProNews|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref>。
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</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tweentribune.com/article/tween56/watching-others-play-video-games-next-big-thing/|title=Watching others play video games the next big thing|access-date=2017-02-22|newspaper=Smithsonian Tween Tribune|archive-date=2017-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802210105/https://www.tweentribune.com/article/tween56/watching-others-play-video-games-next-big-thing/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。[[GamesRadar]]称观看攻略视频是“游戏界的[[Netflix]]”<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/no-commentary-playthroughs-are-the-netflix-of-videogames/|title=No-commentary playthroughs are the Netflix of video games|newspaper=GamesRadar|access-date=2017-02-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211093816/http://www.gamesradar.com/no-commentary-playthroughs-are-the-netflix-of-videogames/|archivedate=2017-02-11}}</ref>，[[美国有线电视新闻网]]宣称透过视频或流媒体直播看别人玩游戏是“必看电视节目”<ref name=":0" />。


⚫
有些玩家从玩游戏指导或娱乐观众中探索到有利可图的商业模式<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-northamptonshire-26990297/dan-middleton-s-minecraft-videos-a-global-hit|title=Dan Middleton's Minecraft videos a global hit|website=BBC News|access-date=2017-07-27|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729014345/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-northamptonshire-26990297/dan-middleton-s-minecraft-videos-a-global-hit|archivedate=2017-07-29}}</ref><ref>COSTA, D. (2017). Video Gaming for Fun and Profit.&nbsp;''PC Magazine'', 6–8.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scpr.org/programs/the-frame/2014/08/29/39119/how-gamer-the-rad-brad-makes-a-living-playing-vide/|title=How gamer 'The Rad Brad' makes a living playing video games|last=Radio|first=Southern California Public|date=2014-08-29|work=Southern California Public Radio|access-date=2017-07-28|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731092547/http://www.scpr.org/programs/the-frame/2014/08/29/39119/how-gamer-the-rad-brad-makes-a-living-playing-vide/|archivedate=2017-07-31}}</ref>。由于不断有玩家上传或流媒体直播他们的内容，多领域协助内容创作者的[[多频道网络]]形成<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2737059|title=Multi-Channel Network (MCN) overview for YouTube Creators – YouTube Help|website=support.google.com|access-date=2017-07-27|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717083155/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2737059|archivedate=2017-07-17}}</ref>，以换取广告收入产生的份额<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sitepronews.com/2013/03/08/can-a-multi-channel-network-boost-your-youtube-marketing-success/|title=Can a Multi-Channel Network Boost Your YouTube Marketing Success?|last=YouTube|first=Neil Davidson in|date=2013-03-08|website=SiteProNews|access-date=2017-07-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729050716/http://www.sitepronews.com/2013/03/08/can-a-multi-channel-network-boost-your-youtube-marketing-success/|archivedate=2017-07-29}}</ref>。
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== 观众分布 ==

⚫
{{align|right|{{Graph:Chart|width=60|height=60|type=pie|legend=游戏攻略视频观众年收入分布图（单位：美元）|x=<10 000 ,10 000 - 29 999,30 000 - 49 999,50 000 - 69 999,70 000 - 89 000,90 000以上|y1=56.48,21.81,11.41,5.11,2.10,3.10}}}}
⚫
== 受众 ==
{| class="wikitable" align="right" style="font-size:small"
|-
! -{zh-hans:游戏攻略视频观众年收入分布图（单位：美元）; zh-hant:遊戲攻略影片觀眾年收入分佈圖（單位：美元）}-
|-
⚫
| {{Graph:Chart|width=60|height=60|type=pie|legend=|x=<10 000 ,10 000 - 29 999,30 000 - 49 999,50 000 - 69 999,70 000 - 89 000,90 000以上|y1=56.48,21.81,11.41,5.11,2.10,3.10}}
|}
2015年2月，[[芬兰]][[坦佩雷大学]]对攻略视频观众进行了一项研究，以自荐方式招募受访者（据报超过93%有[[Twitch (網路)|Twitch.tv]]帐号）。认证受访者共有1091位，平均年龄约23岁，92.3%为男性。大多数受访者年收入少于1万美元，教育程度中等。其中，中等教育程度观众最多，占52.19%，其他教育程度的看得较少<ref name=":9" />{{efn|name=note3}}。
2015年2月，[[芬兰]][[坦佩雷大学]]对攻略视频观众进行了一项研究，以自荐方式招募受访者（据报超过93%有[[Twitch (網路)|Twitch.tv]]帐号）。认证受访者共有1091位，平均年龄约23岁，92.3%为男性。大多数受访者年收入少于1万美元，教育程度中等。其中，中等教育程度观众最多，占52.19%，其他教育程度的看得较少<ref name=":9" />{{efn|name=note3}}。

{{clear}}


== 参见 ==
== 参见 ==
{{Portal|电子游戏}}
{{Portal|电子游戏}}
*{{le|游戏实况|Longplay (video games)}}
* {{le|游戏实况|Longplay (video games)}}
{{Clear}}

⚫
== 参考资料 ==
⚫
{{reflist|2}}


== 注释 ==
== 注释 ==
第46行： 第54行：
{{efn|name=note3|0.18%未受过教育，8.67%为基础教育程度，38.96%为高等教育程度。}}
{{efn|name=note3|0.18%未受过教育，8.67%为基础教育程度，38.96%为高等教育程度。}}
}}
}}

⚫
== 参考资料 ==
⚫
{{reflist|2}}


== 延伸阅读 ==
== 延伸阅读 ==
* [https://www.pcmag.com/article/342888/twitch-and-beyond-the-best-video-game-live-streaming-servic PC Mag Twitch and Beyond: The Best Video Game Live Streaming Services] 出自《{{le|PC Magazine|PC Magazine}}》
* [https://www.pcmag.com/article/342888/twitch-and-beyond-the-best-video-game-live-streaming-servic PC Mag Twitch and Beyond: The Best Video Game Live Streaming Services] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article/342888/twitch-and-beyond-the-best-video-game-live-streaming-servic |date=20180207182956 }} 出自《[[PC Magazine]]》
* [https://psmag.com/the-business-of-playing-video-games-4b9c7942d9e5 The Business of Playing Video Games] 出自《太平洋标准杂志》（Pacific Standard Magazine）
* [https://psmag.com/the-business-of-playing-video-games-4b9c7942d9e5 The Business of Playing Video Games] 出自《太平洋标准杂志》（Pacific Standard Magazine）


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[[Category:电子游戏博客]]
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[[Category:电子游戏游戏性]]
[[Category:电子游戏游戏性]]

2024年8月22日 (四) 09:19的最新版本

本條目屬於
电子游戏系列
平台
类型
相关
开发

电子游戏攻略是帮助玩家提升游戏技能、破关游戏或满足特定条件的一种方法指引。也可制作成实况视频，将自己玩游戏的实况录制下来，上传到或实况直播于互联网。攻略视频可被视为帮助玩家增加经验的指南，有助于解锁成就和通關或用於结識日常休閒的志同道合者。

攻略视频源于游戏杂志的文字攻略。随着计算机和互联网的日益普及，攻略扩展到视频。据2015年在芬兰进行的一项研究，攻略视频观众的平均年龄为23岁，普遍为男性。有些人和企业以公开录制提供指南赚取影片平台丰厚收益。

历史

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电子游戏攻略起先存在于游戏杂志（英语：Video game journalism）和电子布告栏中[1][2]。20世纪80年代末[3]到21世纪初[4]美国开始以“热线”模式提供指导服务[5]。尽管互联网攻略迅速兴起[6]，文字攻略时至今日仍以纸质和数字版格式呈现[7]。纸媒的例子有普莉瑪遊戲发行的攻略本，而数字版文字攻略则出现在IGN[8]、GamesRadar[9]和GameFAQs等游戏网站上[10]，一般为百科形式[11]。《电脑与电子游戏》在他们的网站（目前失效）computerandvideogames.com上制作并刊出大量数字版指南，直到母公司Future plc倒闭[12]。

玩家制作数字版攻略的目的一般是帮助其他玩家达成游戏中的特定成就[13][a]，类似于文字和电话攻略，此外也可以用来娱乐消遣[14][15]。这些数字版攻略一般会被上传到YouTube等视频分享网站或透过Twitch.tv流媒体实况转播。游戏实况（英语：Let's Play）则是攻略的特殊模式，一般着重于娱乐，而不是实况主完成游戏时用调侃式的评论提醒观众收看[16]。

模式

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普莉瑪遊戲游戏攻略本封面。

文本攻略创作没有标准模式，目前的创作指南包含了广泛例子与分步骤指导[1][2][17]。普莉瑪遊戲和《电脑与电子游戏》都制作攻略。普莉玛游戏制作专门的正式文本攻略及针对各大游戏的纸质版和数字版攻略书[18]。《电脑与电子游戏》在他们的网站和官方YouTube频道上发布文字和视频攻略，直到2015年2月被整合旗下品牌资产的Future plc关闭[19][20][21][12]。IGN也创作发布文字和视频攻略[8]。

至于攻略视频，可以用多种模式记录游戏过程[13]，譬如屏幕录制软件、部分模拟器的内置录音功能或连接家用机或其他计算机的视频捕捉设备[b]。有些游戏内置录像功能，例如《侠盗猎车手V》（2013）[22][23]在重新发行的PlayStation 4和Xbox One版本内置录制和编辑功能，让玩家录制编辑视频，和其他人共享[22][24]。视频内容一般透过流媒体在互联网分享，利用视频分享和YouTube及Twitch等流媒体网站，有可能获得数百万观众[25][26]。

动机

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2016年，坦佩雷大学的马克斯·斯乔布鲁姆（Max Sjöblom）和朱霍·哈马利（Juho Hamari）进行了一项研究攻略视频观众不同动机的研究。根据研究，五个最明显的动机是增进玩家对特定游戏的经验、自信及了解；社交；从日常生活中“逃脱”或消遣[27][28]。攻略视频可以指导玩家完成整部游戏或仅是某些要素[29]，也可以指导[15][30]寻找稀有收集品或解锁成就[31]。

美联社的芭芭拉·奥图塔（Barbara Ortutay）表示，玩家“观看现场和录制的视频教学不仅可以提高自己的能力，还可以视之为和明星玩家互动的聊天室或仅仅是娱乐[32]。”《商业内幕》和《The Verge》表示，这一类型视频内容和流媒体直播（英语：Live streaming）的观众不仅发挥了它们的娱乐价值[33]，还在从购买决定到“更好地玩游戏”的各项事宜中获得帮助[34][35][36][37][32]。GamesRadar称观看攻略视频是“游戏界的Netflix”[38]，美国有线电视新闻网宣称透过视频或流媒体直播看别人玩游戏是“必看电视节目”[15]。

有些玩家从玩游戏指导或娱乐观众中探索到有利可图的商业模式[39][40][41]。由于不断有玩家上传或流媒体直播他们的内容，多领域协助内容创作者的多频道网络形成[42]，以换取广告收入产生的份额[43]。

受众

[编辑]
游戏攻略视频观众年收入分布图（单位：美元）

2015年2月，芬兰坦佩雷大学对攻略视频观众进行了一项研究，以自荐方式招募受访者（据报超过93%有Twitch.tv帐号）。认证受访者共有1091位，平均年龄约23岁，92.3%为男性。大多数受访者年收入少于1万美元，教育程度中等。其中，中等教育程度观众最多，占52.19%，其他教育程度的看得较少[27][c]。

参见

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注释

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  1. ^ 视频内容可以帮助玩家完成某部游戏的全部要素（一般是收集全部“成就”或是指大多数游戏中的“100%完成度”），获得特定成就，演示相关秘技，告诉玩家如何重现这些秘技。
  2. ^ 视频捕捉设备（英语：TV tuner card）的例子有Elgato（英语：Elgato游戏捕捉）录制产品或Roxio（英语：Roxio游戏捕捉）。
  3. ^ 0.18%未受过教育，8.67%为基础教育程度，38.96%为高等教育程度。

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Complete 100% guide to a walkthrough. Venture Beat. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-30）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 A Walkthrough the Past: Interviews with Former Writers on the Making of Strategy Guides. ZAM. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-24）. 
  3. ^ Mcgill, Douglas C. Nintendo Scores Big. The New York Times. 1988-12-04 [2017-07-28]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2017-05-26）. 
  4. ^ Radical! The Nintendo Power Line Is Back For One Weekend Only. The Roosevelts. 2016-11-08 [2017-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 
  5. ^ What was it like to be a Nintendo game play counselor?. 2015-11-21 [2017-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-07）. 
  6. ^ Biggs, John. Internet Killed The Magazine Star | TechCrunch. [2017-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 
  7. ^ Further decline for print mags. GamesIndustry.biz. [2017-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-07）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Game Wiki Guides, Cheats, Walkthroughs, FAQs – IGN. IGN. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-19）. 
  9. ^ GamesRadar+. GamesRadar. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-04）. 
  10. ^ GameFAQs – Video Game Cheats, Reviews, FAQs, Message Boards, and More. GameFAQs. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-03）. 
  11. ^ Gerber, H. R. (2013). Fostering collaboration, cooperation, and independent reading and writing through sports videogames. Voice of Youth Advocates, 36, 42–43.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Yin-Poole, Wesley. CVG to close. Eurogamer. 2014-12-19 [2017-08-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Niemeyer, D. J.; Gerber, H. R. Maker culture and Minecraft: implications for the future of learning. Educational Media International. 2015, 52 (3): 216–226. doi:10.1080/09523987.2015.1075103. 
  14. ^ Muncy, Jake. Why I Watch People Play Videogames on the Internet. WIRED. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-22）. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 CNN, Christopher Dawson. Why watching video games is must-see TV. CNN. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  16. ^ Finniss, David. What is a "Let's Play?". Yahoo Voices. Yahoo News Network. 2009-11-18 [2013-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-29）. 
  17. ^ How to Write a Video Game Walkthrough. LevelSkip. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 
  18. ^ Prima Games | Free and premium video game guides. Prima Games. [2017-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-06）. 
  19. ^ Lee, Dave. Computer and Video Games online magazine facing closure. BBC News. 2014-05-21 [2017-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-02）. 
  20. ^ Yin-Poole, Wesley. CVG to close. Eurogamer. 2014-12-19 [2017-07-26]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 
  21. ^ Messages from the editors – CVG. 2015-01-29 [2017-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-29）. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Introducing the Rockstar Editor – Rockstar Games. Rockstar Games. [2017-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-02）. 
  23. ^ North, Rockstar. Rockstar Games Social Club. Rockstar Games Social Club. [2017-07-28]. [永久失效連結]需付费查阅
  24. ^ Jones, Gary. GTA 5: Rockstar reveal the bad news for Xbox 360 and PS3 gamers and talk future expansions. Express.co.uk. 2015-09-11 [2017-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-01）. 
  25. ^ Mirani, Leo. 500 million people are watching videos of video games. Quartz. [2017-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  26. ^ Stark, Chelsea. Who Wants to Watch Other People Play Video Games? Millions on Twitch. Mashable. [2017-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-16）. 
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 Sjöblom, Max; Hamari, Juho. Why Do People Watch Others Play Video Games? An Empirical Study on the Motivations of Twitch Users. Rochester, NY. 2016-05-13. SSRN 2779543 可免费查阅. 
  28. ^ A New World of Video Games: Viewers – Sekg. Sekg. 2016-10-28 [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  29. ^ Injustice 2: Supergirl Gameplay Walkthrough – IGN First – IGN Video. 2017-01-06 [2017-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-07）. 
  30. ^ Schreier, Jason. The Joy Of Playing Video Games Without Actually Playing Them. Kotaku. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  31. ^ GTA 5 – Achievements / Trophies and Side Missions – YouTube. YouTube. [2017-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-05）. 
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 Watching others play video games the next big thing. Smithsonian Tween Tribune. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-02）. 
  33. ^ McCormick, Rich. This is why people want to watch other people play video games. The Verge. 2014-08-26 [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-21）. 
  34. ^ 4 reasons people love watching video games online. Business Insider. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-15）. 
  35. ^ Why We Watch Others Play Video Games | The Houstonian. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  36. ^ Mirani, Leo. 500 million people are watching videos of video games. Quartz. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  37. ^ Why Your Kid Loves Watching People Play Video Games on YouTube | A new way to play | Toca Boca. A new way to play | Toca Boca. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-19）. 
  38. ^ No-commentary playthroughs are the Netflix of video games. GamesRadar. [2017-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-11）. 
  39. ^ Dan Middleton's Minecraft videos a global hit. BBC News. [2017-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 
  40. ^ COSTA, D. (2017). Video Gaming for Fun and Profit. PC Magazine, 6–8.
  41. ^ Radio, Southern California Public. How gamer 'The Rad Brad' makes a living playing video games. Southern California Public Radio. 2014-08-29 [2017-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-31）. 
  42. ^ Multi-Channel Network (MCN) overview for YouTube Creators – YouTube Help. support.google.com. [2017-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-17）. 
  43. ^ YouTube, Neil Davidson in. Can a Multi-Channel Network Boost Your YouTube Marketing Success?. SiteProNews. 2013-03-08 [2017-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-29）. 

延伸阅读

[编辑]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=电子游戏攻略&oldid=83914443”