羰基:修订间差异
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{{noteTA|G1=Chemistry}} |
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[[File:羰基.png|thumb|100px|right|羰基]] |
[[File:羰基.png|thumb|100px|right|羰基]] |
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'''{{zy|羰|tāng}}基''',({{lang-en|'''Carbonyl group'''}})在[[有机化学]]中,是一个形如 C=O 的[[官能团]],是[[醛]]、[[酮]]、[[羧酸]]、羧酸衍生物等官能团的组成部分。 |
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'''{{zy|羰|tāng|ㄊㄤ|tong1}}基'''{{NoteTag|1= 「羰」字為新造字,字形上由「[[氧]]」的下半部和「[[碳]]」的右半部組合而成;台灣方面,根據國立編譯館化學命名原則(第四版)最新版,讀音亦為新造,採「碳」之聲母與「氧」之韻母,讀音作'''-{zh-cn:tāng; zh-hk:tāng; zh-tw:ㄊㄤ}-''',避免與「碳」同音。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://terms.naer.edu.tw/terms/manager_admin/new_file_download.php?Pact=FileDownLoad&button_num=g5&source_id=159&Pval=67 |title=國立編譯館《化學命名原則》第四版〈附錄一 化學名詞用字之讀音〉 |accessdate=2018-04-15 |archive-date=2018-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415190336/http://terms.naer.edu.tw/terms/manager_admin/new_file_download.php?Pact=FileDownLoad&button_num=g5&source_id=159&Pval=67 |dead-url=no }}</ref>}}({{lang-en|carbonyl group}})在[[有机化学]]中,是一个形如 C=O 的[[官能团]],是[[醛]]、[[酮]]、[[羧酸]]、羧酸衍生物等官能团的组成部分。 |
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==羰基化合物== |
==羰基化合物== |
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羰基化合物 |
擁有羰基的數種化合物: |
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|align=center|'''結構'''||[[File:Aldehyde2.png|60px|Aldehyde]]||[[File:Ketone-general.png|60px|Ketone]]||[[File:Carboxylic-acid.svg|60px|Carboxylic acid]]||[[File:Ester.svg|60px|Ester]]||[[File:Amide-general.png|80px|Amide]] |
|align=center|'''結構'''||[[File:Aldehyde2.png|60px|Aldehyde]]||[[File:Ketone-general.png|60px|Ketone]]||[[File:Carboxylic-acid.svg|60px|Carboxylic acid]]||[[File:Ester.svg|60px|Ester]]||[[File:Amide-general.png|80px|Amide]] |
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|align=center|''' |
|align=center|'''通式'''||RCHO||RCOR'||RCOOH||RCOOR'|||<nowiki>RCONR'R''</nowiki> |
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|align=center|'''化合物||[[烯酮]]||[[酰鹵]]||[[酸酐]]||[[酰亞胺]] |
|align=center|'''化合物||[[烯酮]]||[[酰鹵]]||[[酸酐]]||[[酰亞胺]]||[[脲]] |
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|align=center|'''結構'''||[[File:Enone-general.png|90px|Enone]]||[[File:Acyl |
|align=center|'''結構'''||[[File:Enone-general.png|90px|Enone]]||[[File:Acyl-halide.svg|60px|Acyl chloride]]||[[File:Carboxylic-acid-anhydride.png|95px|Acid anhydride]]||[[File:Imide-general.png|95px|Imide]]|| [[File:Harnstoff.svg|95px|urea]] |
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|align=center|''' |
|align=center|'''通式'''||<nowiki>RC(O)C(R')CR''R'''</nowiki>||RCOX||(RCO)<sub>2</sub>O||<nowiki>RC(O)N(R')C(O)R''</nowiki>||CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> |
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==備註== |
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{{NoteFoot}} |
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== 參考資料 == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==延伸閲讀== |
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{{refbegin|2}} |
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* L.G. Wade, Jr. ''Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.'' [[Prentice Hall]], 2002. {{ISBN|0-13-033832-X}} |
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* The [[Frostburg State University]] Chemistry Department. [http://www.chemhelper.com/ Organic Chemistry Help] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chemhelper.com/ |date=20200203065027 }} (2000). |
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* Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry] {{Wayback|url=http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature |date=20200211070758 }} (1997). |
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* William Reusch. tara [https://web.archive.org/web/20071029211245/http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/intro1.htm VirtualText of Organic Chemistry] (2004). |
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* Purdue Chemistry Department [http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/2organic/carbonyl.html] {{Wayback|url=http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/2organic/carbonyl.html |date=20060904053546 }} (retrieved Sep 2006). Includes water solubility data. |
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* William Reusch. (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20020917024512/http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/aldket1.htm Aldehydes and Ketones] Retrieved 23 May 2005. |
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* ILPI. (2005) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093646/http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/anhydride.html The MSDS Hyperglossary- Anhydride]. |
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{{refend}} |
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==参见== |
==参见== |
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*[[羰基化合物]] |
*[[羰基化合物]] |
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==外部連結== |
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{{Commons category|Carbonyl group}} |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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{{官能团}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:官能团|T]] |
[[Category:官能团|T]] |
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[[Category:羰基化合物]] |
2024年8月30日 (五) 17:12的最新版本
羰基中由于电负性差异,其中的碳原子上带有部分正电荷,氧原子上则带有部分负电荷。因此,羰基碳易受亲核试剂侵蝕,一定条件下能够发生亲核加成反应。
羰基化合物
[编辑]擁有羰基的數種化合物:
化合物 | 醛 | 酮 | 羧酸 | 酯 | 醯胺 |
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通式 | RCHO | RCOR' | RCOOH | RCOOR' | RCONR'R'' |
化合物 | 烯酮 | 酰鹵 | 酸酐 | 酰亞胺 | 脲 |
結構 | |||||
通式 | RC(O)C(R')CR''R''' | RCOX | (RCO)2O | RC(O)N(R')C(O)R'' | CO(NH2)2 |
備註
[编辑]參考資料
[编辑]- ^ 國立編譯館《化學命名原則》第四版〈附錄一 化學名詞用字之讀音〉. [2018-04-15]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-15).
延伸閲讀
[编辑]- L.G. Wade, Jr. Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Prentice Hall, 2002. ISBN 0-13-033832-X
- The Frostburg State University Chemistry Department. Organic Chemistry Help (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2000).
- Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (1997).
- William Reusch. tara VirtualText of Organic Chemistry (2004).
- Purdue Chemistry Department [1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sep 2006). Includes water solubility data.
- William Reusch. (2004) Aldehydes and Ketones Retrieved 23 May 2005.
- ILPI. (2005) The MSDS Hyperglossary- Anhydride.