福尔诺沃战役：修订间差异
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|date=1495年7月6日 |
|date=1495年7月6日 |
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|place=[[意大利]][[艾米利亞-羅馬涅|艾米利亞]][[塔羅河畔福爾諾沃|福爾諾沃]] |
|place=[[意大利]][[艾米利亞-羅馬涅|艾米利亞]][[塔羅河畔福爾諾沃|福爾諾沃]] |
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|result= |
|result=[[法国]][[瓦盧瓦王朝]]勝利{{sfn|Mallett|Hale|1984|p=56}} |
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|combatant1=[[File:Blason France moderne.svg|18px]] [[法国]][[瓦盧瓦王朝]] |
|combatant1=[[File:Blason France moderne.svg|18px]] [[法国]][[瓦盧瓦王朝]] |
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|combatant2=[[威尼斯]]聯盟:<br>[[File:Flag of Most Serene Republic of Venice.svg|22px|border]] [[威尼斯共和国]]<br> |
|combatant2=[[威尼斯]]聯盟:<br>[[File:Flag of Most Serene Republic of Venice.svg|22px|border]] [[威尼斯共和国]]<br> |
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| 第12行： | 第12行： | ||
[[File:Blason famille it Gonzaga04.svg|20px|border]] [[曼切華公国]] |
[[File:Blason famille it Gonzaga04.svg|20px|border]] [[曼切華公国]] |
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|commander1=[[File:Blason France moderne.svg|18px]] [[查理八世_(法兰西)|查理八世]]<br />[[File:Blason France moderne.svg|18px]] [[貝亞爾]] |
|commander1=[[File:Blason France moderne.svg|18px]] [[查理八世_(法兰西)|查理八世]]<br />[[File:Blason France moderne.svg|18px]] [[貝亞爾]] |
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|commander2=[[File:Blason famille it Gonzaga04.svg|20px|border]] |
|commander2=[[File:Blason famille it Gonzaga04.svg|20px|border]] [[弗朗切斯科·貢扎加二世]] |
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|strength1=10,000-11,000人{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}{{sfn|Nolan|2006|p=303}} |
|strength1=10,000-11,000人{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}{{sfn|Nolan|2006|p=303}} |
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|strength2=20,000-21,500人{{sfn|Mallett|Shaw|2012|p=31}}{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}{{sfn|Dupuy|1993|p=462}} |
|strength2=20,000-21,500人{{sfn|Mallett|Shaw|2012|p=31}}{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}{{sfn|Dupuy|1993|p=462}} |
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|casualties1= |
|casualties1=100–200人死亡{{sfn|Nolan|2006|p=304}}{{sfn|Dupuy|1993|p=462}}{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}<br>200人受傷{{sfn|Dupuy|1993|p=462}}{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}} |
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|casualties2=3,350-4,000人死亡{{sfn|Dupuy|1993|p=462}}{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}{{sfn|Nolan|2006|p=304}}<br> |
|casualties2=3,350-4,000人死亡{{sfn|Dupuy|1993|p=462}}{{sfn|Tucker|2010|p=361}}{{sfn|Nolan|2006|p=304}}<br>未知受傷 |
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{{Campaignbox 意大利戰爭 (1494年－1498年)}} |
{{Campaignbox 意大利戰爭 (1494年－1498年)}} |
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'''福尔诺沃战役'''是第一次[[意大利戰爭]]的主要戰役，於1495年7月6日發生於離[[帕爾馬 (意大利)|帕爾馬]]西南50公里的福尔诺沃進行。威尼斯聯盟在這 |
'''福尔诺沃战役'''是第一次[[意大利戰爭]]的主要戰役，於1495年7月6日發生於離[[帕爾馬 (意大利)|帕爾馬]]西南50公里的福尔诺沃進行。[[威尼斯]]聯盟在這次战役中未能將法軍驅逐出[[意大利半島]]。 |
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==過程== |
==過程== |
||
1495年7月，进入[[意大利半岛]]的[[法国]]国王[[查理八世 (法兰西)|查理八世]]，在[[塔羅河畔福爾諾沃|福爾諾沃]]地区（[[帕爾馬 (意大利)|帕尔马]]东南）遭受到由英国、[[神圣罗马帝国]]、[[米兰公国]]、[[威尼斯共和国]]、[[教皇国]]组成的[[神圣联盟]]的军队的追击，联军主体为来自威尼斯和米兰的雇佣军。7月6日，由于缺乏食物，法军在该地发起进攻，與當時意大利僱傭兵戰爭中常見的戰法不同， |
1495年7月，进入[[意大利半岛]]的[[法国]]国王[[查理八世 (法兰西)|查理八世]]，在[[塔羅河畔福爾諾沃|福爾諾沃]]地区（[[帕爾馬 (意大利)|帕尔马]]东南）遭受到由英国、[[神圣罗马帝国]]、[[米兰公国]]、[[威尼斯共和国]]、[[教皇国]]组成的[[神圣联盟]]的军队的追击，联军主体为来自威尼斯和米兰的雇佣军。7月6日，由于缺乏食物，法军在该地发起进攻，與當時意大利僱傭兵戰爭中常見的戰法不同，法軍以炮轟開場，打算盡可能重創敵軍。接著用重騎兵衝鋒，在短短幾分鐘內摧毀了敵軍陣型。 |
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==註腳== |
==註腳== |
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| 第33行： | 第33行： | ||
*{{cite book |title=The 100 Most Influential Painters & Sculptors of the Renaissance |editor-first=Kathleen |editor-last=Kuiper |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2009 }} |
*{{cite book |title=The 100 Most Influential Painters & Sculptors of the Renaissance |editor-first=Kathleen |editor-last=Kuiper |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2009 }} |
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*{{cite journal |title=Francesco Gonzaga alla Battaglia di Fornovo (1495) Secondo I Documenti Mantovani |first1=Alessandro |last1=Luzio |first2=Rodolfo |last2=Renier |journal=Archivio Storico Italiano Serie V |volume=6, No. 179 |year=1890 |page=205-246 |publisher=Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki s.r.l. |language=it }} |
*{{cite journal |title=Francesco Gonzaga alla Battaglia di Fornovo (1495) Secondo I Documenti Mantovani |first1=Alessandro |last1=Luzio |first2=Rodolfo |last2=Renier |journal=Archivio Storico Italiano Serie V |volume=6, No. 179 |year=1890 |page=205-246 |publisher=Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki s.r.l. |language=it }} |
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*{{cite book |last1=Mallett |first1=M. E. |last2=Hale |first2=J. R. |series=Cambridge studies in early modern history |title=The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State: Venice c. 1400 to 1617 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-521-24842-6}} |
*{{cite book |last1=Mallett |first1=M. E. |last2=Hale |first2=J. R. |series=Cambridge studies in early modern history |title=The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State: Venice c. 1400 to 1617 |url=https://archive.org/details/militaryorganiza0000mall |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-521-24842-6}} |
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*{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Mallett |first2=Christine |last2=Shaw |series=Modern Wars in Perspective |title=The Italian Wars 1494–1559 |publisher=Pearson |location=Harlow |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-582-05758-6}} |
*{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Mallett |first2=Christine |last2=Shaw |series=Modern Wars in Perspective |title=The Italian Wars 1494–1559 |url=https://archive.org/details/italianwars149410000mall |publisher=Pearson |location=Harlow |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-582-05758-6}} |
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*{{cite book |first=Domenico |last=Malipiero |authorlink=Domenico Malipiero |title=Annali veneti dall'anno 1457 al 1500 |publisher=Firenze |year=1843 |language=it}} |
*{{cite book |first=Domenico |last=Malipiero |authorlink=Domenico Malipiero |title=Annali veneti dall'anno 1457 al 1500 |publisher=Firenze |year=1843 |language=it}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |series=Praeger illustrated military history series |title=Fornovo 1495: France's Bloody Fighting Retreat |year=2005 |publisher=Osprey |location=Westport Connecticut |isbn=978-0-275-98850-0}} |
*{{cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |series=Praeger illustrated military history series |title=Fornovo 1495: France's Bloody Fighting Retreat |year=2005 |publisher=Osprey |location=Westport Connecticut |isbn=978-0-275-98850-0}} |
||
*{{cite book |last=Nolan |first=Cathal |title=The Age Of Wars Of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization A-K |volume=I |year=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport Connecticut |isbn=978-0-313-33733-8}} |
*{{cite book |last=Nolan |first=Cathal |title=The Age Of Wars Of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization A-K |volume=I |year=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport Connecticut |isbn=978-0-313-33733-8}} |
||
*{{cite book |title=A History of The Art of War in the Sixteenth Century |first=Charles |last=Oman |publisher=Stackpole Books |year=1987 }} |
*{{cite book |title=A History of The Art of War in the Sixteenth Century |first=Charles |last=Oman |publisher=Stackpole Books |year=1987 }} |
||
*{{cite book |title=The Problem of Ireland in Tudor Foreign Policy, 1485–1603 |first=William |last=Palmer |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85115-562-3}} |
*{{cite book |title=The Problem of Ireland in Tudor Foreign Policy, 1485–1603 |url=https://archive.org/details/problemofireland0000palm |first=William |last=Palmer |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85115-562-3}} |
||
*{{cite book |last=Ritchie |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Ritchie (historian) |year=2004 |title=Historical Atlas of The Renaissance |publisher=Thalamus Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-5731-3 }} |
*{{cite book |last=Ritchie |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Ritchie (historian) |year=2004 |title=Historical Atlas of The Renaissance |publisher=Thalamus Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-5731-3 }} |
||
*{{cite journal |title=Anatomy of Defeat in Renaissance Italy: The Battle of Fornovo in 1495 |first=Antonio |last=Santosuosso |journal=The International History Review |volume=16, No. 2 (May) |year=1994 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |page=221-250 }} |
*{{cite journal |title=Anatomy of Defeat in Renaissance Italy: The Battle of Fornovo in 1495 |first=Antonio |last=Santosuosso |journal=The International History Review |volume=16, No. 2 (May) |year=1994 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |page=221-250 }} |
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2024年9月7日 (六) 22:33的最新版本
| 福尔诺沃战役 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 第一次意大利战争的一部分 | |||||||
 《Bataille de Fornoue，6 juillet 1495》，法王查理八世和巴亞爾騎士 | |||||||
| |||||||
| 参战方 | |||||||
 法国瓦盧瓦王朝 |
 曼切華公国 | ||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
|
查理八世 貝亞爾 |
弗朗切斯科·貢扎加二世 | ||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||
| 10,000-11,000人[2][3] | 20,000-21,500人[4][2][5] | ||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||
|
100–200人死亡[6][5][2] 200人受傷[5][2] |
3,350-4,000人死亡[5][2][6] 未知受傷 | ||||||
福尔诺沃战役是第一次意大利戰爭的主要戰役，於1495年7月6日發生於離帕爾馬西南50公里的福尔诺沃進行。威尼斯聯盟在這次战役中未能將法軍驅逐出意大利半島。
過程
[编辑]1495年7月，进入意大利半岛的法国国王查理八世，在福爾諾沃地区（帕尔马东南）遭受到由英国、神圣罗马帝国、米兰公国、威尼斯共和国、教皇国组成的神圣联盟的军队的追击，联军主体为来自威尼斯和米兰的雇佣军。7月6日，由于缺乏食物，法军在该地发起进攻，與當時意大利僱傭兵戰爭中常見的戰法不同，法軍以炮轟開場，打算盡可能重創敵軍。接著用重騎兵衝鋒，在短短幾分鐘內摧毀了敵軍陣型。
註腳
[编辑]- ^ Mallett & Hale 1984，第56頁.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Tucker 2010，第361頁.
- ^ Nolan 2006，第303頁.
- ^ Mallett & Shaw 2012，第31頁.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Dupuy 1993，第462頁.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Nolan 2006，第304頁.
參考資料
[编辑]- Birtachas, Stathis. Stradioti, Cappelletti, Compagnie or Milizie Greche: 'Greek' Mounted and Foot Troops in the Venetian State (Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries). Theotokis, Georgios; Yıldız, Aysel (编). A Military History of the Mediterranean Sea. 2018.
- Dupuy, Trevor N. Harper Encyclopedia of Military History. HarperCollins. 1993. ISBN 978-0-06-270056-8.
- Kuiper, Kathleen (编). The 100 Most Influential Painters & Sculptors of the Renaissance. Britannica Educational Publishing. 2009.
- Luzio, Alessandro; Renier, Rodolfo. Francesco Gonzaga alla Battaglia di Fornovo (1495) Secondo I Documenti Mantovani. Archivio Storico Italiano Serie V (Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki s.r.l.). 1890,. 6, No. 179: 205-246 （意大利语）.
- Mallett, M. E.; Hale, J. R. The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State: Venice c. 1400 to 1617. Cambridge studies in early modern history. Cambridge University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-521-24842-6.
- Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine. The Italian Wars 1494–1559. Modern Wars in Perspective. Harlow: Pearson. 2012. ISBN 978-0-582-05758-6.
- Malipiero, Domenico. Annali veneti dall'anno 1457 al 1500. Firenze. 1843 （意大利语）.
- Nicolle, David. Fornovo 1495: France's Bloody Fighting Retreat. Praeger illustrated military history series. Westport Connecticut: Osprey. 2005. ISBN 978-0-275-98850-0.
- Nolan, Cathal. The Age Of Wars Of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization A-K I. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-313-33733-8.
- Oman, Charles. A History of The Art of War in the Sixteenth Century. Stackpole Books. 1987.
- Palmer, William. The Problem of Ireland in Tudor Foreign Policy, 1485–1603. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-85115-562-3.
- Ritchie, Robert. Historical Atlas of The Renaissance. Thalamus Publishing. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8160-5731-3.
- Santosuosso, Antonio. Anatomy of Defeat in Renaissance Italy: The Battle of Fornovo in 1495. The International History Review (Taylor & Francis, Ltd.). 1994,. 16, No. 2 (May): 221-250.
- Setton, Kenneth M. The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 1978. ISBN 0-87169-127-2 （英语）.
- Taylor, Frederick Lewis. The Art of War in Italy 1494–1529: Prince Consort Prize Essay 1920. Cambridge library collection. European History. Cambridge University Press. 1921. OCLC 967401725 –通过Archive Foundation.
- Theotokis, Georgios; Yıldız, Aysel (编). A Military History of the Mediterranean Sea: Aspects of War, Diplomacy, and Military Elites. History of Warfare (118) e-book. Leiden/Boston: Brill. 2018. ISBN 978-90-04-36204-8.
- Tucker, Spencer C. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East I. ABC-CLIO. 2010 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.