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馬凡氏症候群:修订间差异

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{{medical}}
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{{noteTA
{{noteTA
|T=zh-hans:马凡综合征; zh-hant:馬凡氏症候群;
|T=zh-hans:马凡综合征; zh-hant:馬凡氏症候群;
|G1=Medicine
|G1=Medicine
|1=zh-hans:综合征; zh-hant:症候群;
|1=zh-hans:综合征; zh-hant:症候群;
|2=zh-hans:症状;zh-hant:病徵;
|2=zh-hans:症状;zh-hant:病徵;
}}
}}
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| Name = 馬凡氏症候群<br />{{lang|en|Marfan syndrome}}
| Name = 馬凡氏症候群<br />{{lang|en|Marfan syndrome}}
| Image = Myxomatous aortic valve.jpg
| Image = Myxomatous aortic valve.jpg
| Caption = [[顯微照片]]演示[[黏液變性]]的[[主動脈瓣]],一個馬凡氏症候群的共同表現。
| Caption = [[顯微照片]]演示[[黏液變性]]的[[主動脈瓣]],一個馬凡氏症候群的共同表現。
| DiseasesDB = 7845
| DiseasesDB = 7845
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|87|4|q|80}}
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|87|4|q|80}}
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<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''馬凡-{zh:症候群;zh-hans:综合征;zh-hant:氏症候群;zh-cn:综合征;zh-tw:氏症候群;zh-hk:氏候群症;zh-sg:氏综合征;zh-mo:氏症候群;zh-my:氏综合征;}-'''({{lang|en|Marfan syndrome}},MFS)或称'''马方-{zh:症候群;zh-hans:综合征;zh-hant:氏症候群;zh-cn:综合征;zh-tw:氏症候群;zh-hk:氏候群症;zh-sg:氏综合征;zh-mo:氏症候群;zh-my:氏综合征;}-''',是一種累及全身[[结缔组织]]的常染色体显性[[遗传病]],大多数患者有家族史,少数患者为自身突变导致,嚴重程度會因人而異<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Loeys BL, Dietz HC, Braverman AC, Callewaert BL, De Backer J, Devereux RB, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Jondeau G, Faivre L, Milewicz DM, Pyeritz RE, Sponseller PD, Wordsworth P, De Paepe AM | display-authors = 6 | title = The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome | journal = Journal of Medical Genetics | volume = 47 | issue = 7 | pages = 476–485 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20591885 | doi = 10.1136/jmg.2009.072785 | s2cid = 13895128 | hdl = 1854/LU-1013955 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nistri S, De Cario R, Sticchi E, Spaziani G, Della Monica M, Giglio S, Favilli S, Giusti B, Stefano P, Pepe G | display-authors = 6 | title = Differential Diagnosis between Marfan Syndrome and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome Type 4: A Novel Chromosomal Deletion Covering TGFB2 | journal = Genes | volume = 12 | issue = 10 | pages = 1462 | date = September 2021 | pmid = 34680857 | pmc = 8536070 | doi = 10.3390/genes12101462 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="NIH2010What">{{cite web|title=What Is Marfan Syndrome?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar#|website=NHLBI, NIH|access-date=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506150850/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar|archive-date=6 May 2016}} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar |date=20160506150850 }}</ref>。病变主要影响[[中胚叶]]的骨骼、心脏、肌肉、韧带和结缔组织,以骨骼畸形最常见。
'''馬凡氏症候群'''({{lang-en|Marfan syndrome}},簡稱為 '''MFS'''),是一種{{le|遺傳性|genetic disorder|遺傳性疾病}}的[[結締組織]]疾病<ref name="NIH2010What">{{cite web|title=What Is Marfan Syndrome? |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar#|website=NHLBI, NIH|accessdate=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506150850/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar|archivedate=6 May 2016}}</ref>,患者通常身材高瘦,手腳、手指和腳趾修長,有[[蜘蛛樣指]]<ref name=NIH2010What/>。他們往往也會有{{le|關節過動|Hypermobility (joints)}}和[[脊椎側彎]]<ref name=NIH2010What/>。最嚴重的併發症會進犯[[心臟]]和[[主動脈]],罹患{{le|二尖瓣脫垂|mitral valve prolapse}}和[[動脈瘤]]的風險較高<ref name=NIH2010What/><ref>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Marfan Syndrome? |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/signs|website=NHLBI, NIH|accessdate=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611000255/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/signs|archivedate=11 June 2016}}</ref>,其他常見的進犯部位還有[[肺]]部、[[眼]]部、[[骨骼]]和{{le||Dura mater}}<ref name=NIH2010What/>。

患者通常身材高瘦,手腳、手指和腳趾修長,有[[蜘蛛樣指]]<ref name=NIH2010What/>。他們往往也會有{{le|關節過動|Hypermobility (joints)|關節活動範圍過大}}和[[脊椎側彎]]<ref name=NIH2010What/>。最嚴重的併發症會進犯[[心臟]]和[[主動脈]],罹患{{le|二尖瓣脫垂|mitral valve prolapse}}和[[動脈瘤]]的風險較高<ref name=NIH2010What/><ref>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Marfan Syndrome?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/signs|website=NHLBI, NIH|access-date=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611000255/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/signs|archive-date=11 June 2016}} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/signs |date=20160611000255 }}</ref>,其他常見的進犯部位還有[[肺]]部、[[眼]]部、[[骨骼]]和[[硬腦膜]]<ref name=NIH2010What/>。


<!-- Cause, mechanism, and diagnosis -->
<!-- Cause, mechanism, and diagnosis -->
此症為[[顯性]]疾患<ref name=NIH2010What/>,肇因於{{le|第15對染色體上的纖維蛋白 FBN1|Fibrillin 1}}發生變異,其為製造{{le|小纖維蛋白|Fibrillin}}的基因,導致結締組織不正常<ref name=NIH2010What/>。父母遺傳給兒女的機率約達七成五剩下的兩成五則<ref name=NIH2010What/>。診斷需基於{{le|根特診斷標準|Ghent criteria}}<ref name="NIH2010Diag">{{cite web|title=How Is Marfan Syndrome Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/diagnosis|website=NHLBI, NIH|accessdate=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611015839/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/diagnosis|archivedate=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="NORD2017">{{cite web|date=2017|title=Marfan Syndrome|url=http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/|accessdate=5 November 2016|website=National Organization for Rare Disorders|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112111640/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
此症為[[顯性]]疾患<ref name=NIH2010What/>,肇因於{{le|第15對染色體上的纖維蛋白 FBN1|Fibrillin 1}}發生變異,其為製造{{le|小纖維蛋白|Fibrillin}}的基因,導致結締組織不正常<ref name=NIH2010What/>。有七成五的患者是透過父母遺傳罹病,兩成五則是源自於偶發性突變<ref name=NIH2010What/>。診斷需基於{{le|根特診斷標準|Ghent criteria}}<ref name="NIH2010Diag">{{cite web|title=How Is Marfan Syndrome Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/diagnosis|website=NHLBI, NIH|access-date=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611015839/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/diagnosis|archive-date=11 June 2016}} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/diagnosis |date=20160611015839 }}</ref><ref name="NORD2017">{{cite web|date=2017|title=Marfan Syndrome|url=http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/|access-date=5 November 2016|website=National Organization for Rare Disorders|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112111640/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/|dead-url=no}} {{Wayback|url=http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/ |date=20191112111640 }}</ref>。


<!-- Prevention and treatment -->
<!-- Prevention and treatment -->
馬凡氏症候群無法治癒<ref name=NIH2010What/>,但只要接受適當的治療,許多患者的壽命與一般[[預期壽命|平均壽命]]無異<ref name=NIH2010What/>。控管此症通常使用[[β受體阻滯劑]],像是[[普萘洛爾]]或[[阿替洛爾]]等藥物;如果患者無法耐受,則會改用[[鈣離子通道阻滯劑]]或[[血管張力素I型轉化酶抑制劑]]<ref name="NORD2017">{{cite web|date=2017|title=Marfan Syndrome|url=http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/|accessdate=5 November 2016|website=National Organization for Rare Disorders}}</ref><ref name="NIH2010Tx">{{cite web|title=How Is Marfan Syndrome Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/treatment|website=NHLBI, NIH|accessdate=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611003149/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/treatment|archivedate=11 June 2016}}</ref>。建議患者避免劇烈運動<ref name=NORD2017/>,如果必要,患者可能需接受手術修復主動脈或置換[[心瓣|瓣膜]]<ref name=NIH2010Tx/>。
馬凡氏症候群無法治癒<ref name=NIH2010What/>,但只要接受適當的治療,許多患者的壽命與一般[[預期壽命|平均壽命]]無異<ref name=NIH2010What/>。候群通常使用[[β受體阻滯劑]]控制病情,像是[[普萘洛爾]]或[[阿替洛爾]]等藥物;如果患者無法耐受,則會改用[[鈣離子通道阻滯劑]]或[[血管張力素I型轉化酶抑制劑]]<ref name=NORD2017/><ref name=NIH2010Tx/>。建議患者避免劇烈運動<ref name=NORD2017/>,如果必要,患者可能需接受手術修復主動脈或置換[[心瓣|瓣膜]]<ref name="NIH2010Tx">{{cite web|title=How Is Marfan Syndrome Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/treatment|website=NHLBI, NIH|access-date=16 May 2016|date=October 1, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611003149/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/treatment|archive-date=11 June 2016}} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mar/treatment |date=20160611003149 }}</ref>。


<!-- Epidemiology -->
<!-- Epidemiology -->
馬凡氏症候群患者大約在 5000 10,000 人中就有一位<ref name=NORD2017/><ref name="PMID18506019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keane MG, Pyeritz RE |title=Medical management of Marfan syndrome |journal=Circulation |volume=117 |issue=21 |pages=2802–13 |year=2008 |pmid=18506019 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693523 |quote=estimated prevalence of 1 case per 3000 to 5000 individuals |df= |doi-access=free }}</ref>,患病機率在不同種族或世界不同地區中並無差異<ref name=PMID18506019/>。此症的命名由來是一位[[法國]][[小兒科]]醫師{{le|安東尼·馬凡|Antoine Marfan}},他在 1896 年留下了此症的第一份記敘<ref name="Marfan1896">{{cite journal|author=Marfan, Antoine|year=1896|title=Un cas de déformation congénitale des quartre membres, plus prononcée aux extrémitiés, caractérisée par l'allongement des os avec un certain degré d'amincissement [A case of congenital deformation of the four limbs, more pronounced at the extremities, characterized by elongation of the bones with some degree of thinning]|journal=Bulletins et Memoires de la Société Medicale des Hôspitaux de Paris|issue=3rd series|volume=13|pages=220–226|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="AntoineBernardJean">{{cite web|title=Antoine Bernard-Jean Marfan|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/972.html|website=Whonamedit?|accessdate=16 May 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308084456/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/972.html|archivedate=8 March 2016}}</ref>。
馬凡氏症候群患者大約在5,000到10,000人中就有一位<ref name=NORD2017/><ref name="PMID18506019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Keane MG, Pyeritz RE | title = Medical management of Marfan syndrome | journal = Circulation | volume = 117 | issue = 21 | pages = 2802–2813 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18506019 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693523 | quote = estimated prevalence of 1 case per 3000 to 5000 individuals | doi-access = free }}</ref>,患病機率在世界不同地區中並無差異<ref name=PMID18506019/>。此症的命名由來是一位[[法國]][[小兒科]]醫師{{le|安東尼·馬凡|Antoine Marfan}},他在1896年留下了此症的第一份記敘<ref name="Marfan1896">{{cite journal|author=Marfan, Antoine|year=1896|title=Un cas de déformation congénitale des quartre membres, plus prononcée aux extrémitiés, caractérisée par l'allongement des os avec un certain degré d'amincissement [A case of congenital deformation of the four limbs, more pronounced at the extremities, characterized by elongation of the bones with some degree of thinning]|journal=Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris|issue=3rd series|volume=13|pages=220–226|language=fr |id={{NAID|10014879958}} |oclc=493643386 }}</ref><ref name="AntoineBernardJean">{{cite web|title=Antoine Bernard-Jean Marfan|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/972.html|website=Whonamedit?|access-date=16 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308084456/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/972.html|archive-date=8 March 2016}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/972.html |date=20160308084456 }}</ref>。

<!--'''马凡氏症候群'''({{lang|en|Marfan syndrome}})為一种[[遗传性疾病|遗传性]][[结缔组织]]疾病。马凡氏症候群为體染色体[[显性遗传]],發生於''[[FBN1]]''基因(位於第15對,q21.1位置上),負責編碼[[結締蛋白]][[原纖蛋白]](fibrillin-1;一種對結締組織非常重要的蛋白)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kainulainen K, Karttunen L,+ Puhakka L, Sakai L, Peltonen L |title=Mutations in the fibrillin gene responsible for dominant [[ectopia lentis]] and neonatal Marfan syndrome |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=64–9 |pmid=8136837 |doi=10.1038/ng0194-64 |date=January 1994}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |author=Dietz HC, Loeys B, Carta L, Ramirez F |title=Recent progress towards a molecular understanding of Marfan syndrome |journal=Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet |volume=139C |issue=1 |pages=4–9 |pmid=16273535 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.30068 |date=November 2005}}</ref>。患病特征為四肢、手指、脚趾细长不匀称,身高明显超出常人。

马凡氏症候群病患的病徵從輕微到嚴重有一個系列,當中最嚴重的情況下,會伴有心血管系统异常,特别是合併的[[心脏瓣膜]]异常和[[主动脉瘤]]。该病同时可能影响其他器官,包括骨骼、關節、眼、<ref name=rocketnews>{{cite news |url=http://en.rocketnews24.com/2012/10/03/beautiful-16-year-old-ukrainian-girl-with-disproportionately-long-neck-teaches-internet-about-marfan-syndrome/ |title=Beautiful 16-Year-Old Ukrainian Girl with Disproportionately Long Neck Teaches Internet About Marfan Syndrome |author=[http://en.rocketnews24.com/author/steven/ Steven] |date=2012-10-03 |language=en |publisher=[[Rocket News]] }}</ref>肺、[[硬腦膜擴張]]、[[硬颚]]等。

正常的原纖蛋白細胞除了在細胞外組織中作為結構支撐的結締組織蛋白之外,還可以跟另一種蛋白質[[轉化生長因子β]](TGF-β)結合<ref name="ReferenceA"/>。
TGF-β對[[血管平滑肌]]的發育和[[細胞外基質]]的完整性有害的影響。現在研究人員相信,繼發突變的原纖蛋白,過量的TGF-β在肺,心臟瓣膜,和主動脈削弱了組織,並導致馬凡氏症候群的特徵<ref>Robbins and Cotran Pathological Basis of Disease, Kumar et al; 8th Edition, Saunders Elsevier Publishing, 2010</ref>。
由於[[血管緊張素II受體拮抗劑]](ARB類藥物)也會降低TGF-β,ARB類藥物([[氯沙坦]]等)已在受嚴重影響馬凡氏綜合症的年輕人患者作小樣本測試。在部份患者中,主動脈的增長得到了確實減少了<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pyeritz RE |title=A small molecule for a large disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=358 |issue=26 |pages=2829–31 |pmid=18579819 |doi=10.1056/NEJMe0804008|date=June 2008}}</ref>。

马凡氏症候群的病名来自[[法国]][[小儿科]]医生[[安东尼·马凡]](Antoine Marfan)<ref name="Marfan1896">{{cite journal|author=Marfan, Antoine|year=1896 |language=fr |title=Un cas de déformation congénitale des quartre membres, plus prononcée aux extrémitiés, caractérisée par l'allongement des os avec un certain degré d'amincissement |trans_title=A case of congenital deformation of the four limbs, more pronounced at the extremities, characterized by elongation of the bones with some degree of thinning]|journal=Bulletins et memoires de la Société medicale des hôspitaux de Paris|issue=3rd series|volume=13|pages=220–226}}</ref>,他在1896年对一个5岁女孩的诊治过程中第一次发现并描述了该病的症状<ref name="hopkinsmedicine">{{cite web |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/CardiacSurgery/marfancenter/history.html |title=Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Marfan Center. |publisher=John Hopkins Medicine |accessdate=2009-01-06 |language=en |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015174003/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/CardiacSurgery/marfancenter/history.html |archivedate=2008-10-15 }}</ref><ref name="AntoineBernardJean">{{WhoNamedIt|doctor|972|Antoine Bernard-Jean Marfan}}</ref>。與疾病相關連的基因,最初是由[[哈爾·迪茨]](Hal Dietz)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Dietz et al. |journal=''[[Genomics]]'' |year=1991 |issue=Feb |volume=9 |pages=355-61 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |authors=Dietz et al. |title=? |publisher=[[自然 (期刊)|Nature]] |year=1991 |date=1991-07-25 |volume=352 |issue=6333 |pages=337-9 |language=en }}</ref>和[[弗朗西斯·拉米雷斯]](Francesco Ramirez)<ref name="newscientist">{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=P |date=1991-07-27 |language=en |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13117793.100-science-marfan-syndrome-linked-to-gene-.html |title=Marfan syndrome linked to gene |journal=''[[New Scientist]]'' |accessdate=2008-08-11 }}</ref>於1991年確定。-->


== 流行病学状况 ==
== 流行病学状况 ==
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==社會及文化==
==社會及文化==
研究顯示,[[古埃及]][[埃及第十八王朝|第十八王朝]][[法老]][[阿肯那顿]]很可能是馬凡氏症候群的患者<ref name="The Mystery of Akhenaten: Genetics or Aesthetics?">{{cite web|url=http://www.heptune.com/Marfans.html|title=The Mystery of Akhenaten: Genetics or Aesthetics?|3=|accessdate=2014-01-01|archive-date=2010-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208110136/http://www.heptune.com/Marfans.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Akhenaten's illness">{{cite web|url=http://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten.html|title=Akhenaten's illness|3=|accessdate=2014-01-01|archive-date=2014-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126000536/http://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
研究顯示,[[古埃及]][[埃及第十八王朝|第十八王朝]][[法老]][[阿肯那顿]]很可能是馬凡氏症候群的患者<ref name="The Mystery of Akhenaten: Genetics or Aesthetics?">{{cite web|url=http://www.heptune.com/Marfans.html|title=The Mystery of Akhenaten: Genetics or Aesthetics?|3=|accessdate=2014-01-01|archive-date=2010-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208110136/http://www.heptune.com/Marfans.html|dead-url=yes}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.heptune.com/Marfans.html |date=20100208110136 }}</ref><ref name="Akhenaten's illness">{{cite web|url=http://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten.html|title=Akhenaten's illness|3=|accessdate=2014-01-01|archive-date=2014-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126000536/http://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten.html|dead-url=no}} {{Wayback|url=http://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten.html |date=20140126000536 }}</ref>。


另一位引起公眾對馬凡氏症候群關注的是[[1984年洛杉磯奧運會]][[1984年夏季奧林匹克運動會排球比賽#獎牌統計|女排銀牌得主]]美國隊的成員[[弗洛拉·海曼]]({{lang|en|Flora "Flo" Hyman}}),她在比賽時由於[[主動脈夾層]]剝離而突然死亡<ref name="flo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.volleyhall.org/hyman.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130003123/http://www.volleyhall.org/hyman.html|title=Flo Hyman|archivedate=2008-01-30|publisher=Volleyball Hall of Fame|accessdate=2009-01-06|language=en|deadurl=yes}}</ref>。
另一位引起公眾對馬凡氏症候群關注的是[[1984年洛杉磯奧運會]][[1984年夏季奧林匹克運動會排球比賽#獎牌統計|女排銀牌得主]]美國隊的成員[[弗洛拉·海曼]]({{lang|en|Flora "Flo" Hyman}}),她在比賽時由於[[主動脈夾層]]剝離而突然死亡<ref name="flo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.volleyhall.org/hyman.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130003123/http://www.volleyhall.org/hyman.html|title=Flo Hyman|archivedate=2008-01-30|publisher=Volleyball Hall of Fame|accessdate=2009-01-06|language=en|deadurl=yes}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.volleyhall.org/hyman.html |date=20080130003123 }}</ref>。


遺傳學家現時不再認為[[美國總統列表|美國前總統]][[阿伯拉罕·林肯]]患有此病<ref>{{cite book |author=Marion R |chapter=Mr. Lincoln and Dr. Marfan's syndrome |title=Was George Washington Really the Father of Our Country? |publisher=Addison-Wesley |location=Reading, MA |year=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ready T |title=Access to presidential DNA denied |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=5 |pages=859 |year=1999 |pmid= 11645164 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Sotos JG |title=The Physical Lincoln Sourcebook |publisher=Mt. Vernon Book Systems |location=Mt. Vernon, VA |year=2008 |pages=29|isbn=978-0-9818193-3-4}}</ref>,他的異常身高很大可能是由於 [[多發性內分泌腫瘤2B型]]({{lang|en|Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B}})引致<ref>{{cite book|title=The Physical Lincoln |last=Sotos |first=John G. |publisher= Mt. Vernon Book Systems |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9818193-2-7}}</ref>。
遺傳學家現時不再認為[[美國總統列表|美國前總統]][[阿伯拉罕·林肯]]患有此病<ref>{{cite book |author=Marion R |chapter=Mr. Lincoln and Dr. Marfan's syndrome |title=Was George Washington Really the Father of Our Country? |publisher=Addison-Wesley |location=Reading, MA |year=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ready T |title=Access to presidential DNA denied |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=5 |pages=859 |year=1999 |pmid= 11645164 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Sotos JG |title=The Physical Lincoln Sourcebook |publisher=Mt. Vernon Book Systems |location=Mt. Vernon, VA |year=2008 |pages=29|isbn=978-0-9818193-3-4}}</ref>,他的異常身高很大可能是由於[[多發性內分泌腫瘤2B型]]({{lang|en|Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B}})引致<ref>{{cite book|title=The Physical Lincoln |last=Sotos |first=John G. |publisher= Mt. Vernon Book Systems |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9818193-2-7}}</ref>。


近年又有身高207公分的[[烏克蘭]]婦女琉德米拉(Lyudmila Titchenkova)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130422/195642.htm#ixzz2nos8jqHj |title=烏克蘭17歲正妹207公分 姊妹合體超過一層樓 |date=2013-04-22 |publisher=[[ETtoday]]國際新聞 |language=zh-hant }}</ref>,因為高異常高度而引起大眾對這病的關注。
近年又有身高207公分的[[烏克蘭]]婦女琉德米拉(Lyudmila Titchenkova)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130422/195642.htm#ixzz2nos8jqHj |title=烏克蘭17歲正妹207公分 姊妹合體超過一層樓 |date=2013-04-22 |publisher=[[ETtoday]]國際新聞 |language=Zh-hant |accessdate=2013-12-18 |archive-date=2019-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204161155/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20130422/195642.htm#ixzz2nos8jqHj |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130422/195642.htm#ixzz2nos8jqHj |date=20191204161155 }}</ref>,因為高異常高度而引起大眾對這病的關注。


NBA2014年選秀會,來自貝勒大學的奧斯汀(Isaiah Austin),在選秀會幾天前,被診斷出罹患俗稱「蜘蛛人症」的馬凡氏症候群,而被醫生禁止參與籃球相關活動,NBA主席席爾佛(Adam Silver),為了讓奧斯汀圓夢,特別在選秀會上宣布道:「2014年選秀會的下一個選秀順位,NBA聯盟將挑選…奧斯汀!」奧斯汀經過積極治療,他已經得到醫生的許可,並尋求再次挑戰NBA的機會。
NBA2014年選秀會,來自貝勒大學的奧斯汀(Isaiah Austin)在選秀會幾天前,被診斷出罹患馬凡氏症候群,而被醫生禁止參與籃球相關活動,NBA主席席爾佛(Adam Silver),為了讓奧斯汀圓夢,特別在選秀會上宣布道:「2014年選秀會的下一個選秀順位,NBA聯盟將挑選…奧斯汀!」奧斯汀經過積極治療,他已經得到醫生的許可,並尋求再次挑戰NBA的機會。


==參見==
==參見==
*[[交感神經β受體阻滯劑]](Beta blocker/乙型阻斷劑)
*[[Β受体阻滞剂|β受體阻滯劑]](Beta blocker)
*[[血管紧张肽I转化酶抑制剂]](ACE inhibitor)
*[[血管紧张肽I转化酶抑制剂]](ACE inhibitor)


==參考資料==
==參考資料==
第69行: 第61行:
==參考文獻==
==參考文獻==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation|title=Marfan syndrome |work=NIH's Office of Rare Diseases |url=http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?PageID=4&diseaseID=6975|ref={{sfnRef|NIH}}}}
* {{citation |title=Marfan syndrome |work=NIH's Office of Rare Diseases |url=http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?PageID=4&diseaseID=6975 |ref={{sfnRef|NIH}} |accessdate=2014-05-25 |archive-date=2012-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019172445/http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?PageID=4&DiseaseID=6975 |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?PageID=4&diseaseID=6975 |date=20121019172445 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dietz HC |chapter=Marfan Syndrome |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1335/ |editor=Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, ''et al.'' |title=GeneReviews™ [Internet] (1993–) |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |location=Seattle WA |date=December 2011 |id=NBK1335 |pmid=20301510}}
* {{cite book |author=Dietz HC |chapter=Marfan Syndrome |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1335/ |editor=Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, ''et al.'' |title=GeneReviews™ [Internet] (1993–) |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |location=Seattle WA |date=December 2011 |id=NBK1335 |pmid=20301510 |access-date=2014-05-25 |archive-date=2021-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427193711/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1335/ |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite book |author=Greally MT |chapter=Shprintzen-Goldberg |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books// |editor=Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, ''et al.'' |title=GeneReviews™ [Internet] (1993–) |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |location=Seattle WA |date=November 2010 |id=NBK1277 |pmid=20301454 |ref={{harvid|Greally|GeneReviews|2010}}}}
* {{cite book |author=Greally MT |chapter=Shprintzen-Goldberg |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books// |editor=Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, ''et al.'' |title=GeneReviews™ [Internet] (1993–) |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |location=Seattle WA |date=November 2010 |id=NBK1277 |pmid=20301454 |ref={{harvid|Greally|GeneReviews|2010}} |access-date=2014-05-25 |archive-date=2021-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530084155/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite journal |author=Dean JC |title=Marfan syndrome: clinical diagnosis and management |journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=724–33 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17487218 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201851 |url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n7/full/5201851a.html}}
* {{cite journal |author=Dean JC |title=Marfan syndrome: clinical diagnosis and management |journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=724–33 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17487218 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201851 |url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n7/full/5201851a.html |access-date=2014-05-25 |archive-date=2017-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627024304/http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n7/full/5201851a.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n7/full/5201851a.html |date=20170627024304 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==外部連結==
==外部連結==
*[http://www.marfan.org.hk/ 香港馬凡氏綜合症協會]
*[http://www.marfan.org.hk/ 香港馬凡氏綜合症協會] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marfan.org.hk/ |date=20210227063529 }}


{{系统性结缔组织疾病}}
{{系统性结缔组织疾病}}
第89行: 第81行:
[[Category:心脏瓣膜疾病]]
[[Category:心脏瓣膜疾病]]
[[Category:细胞支架缺陷]]
[[Category:细胞支架缺陷]]
[[Category:全身性結締組織疾病)]]
[[Category:全身性結締組織疾病]]
[[Category:罕見疾病症候群]]
[[Category:罕見疾病症候群]]
[[Category:膠原病]]
[[Category:膠原病]]

2024年9月17日 (二) 08:01的最新版本

馬凡氏症候群
Marfan syndrome
顯微照片演示黏液變性主動脈瓣,一個馬凡氏症候群的共同表現。
症状dolichostenomelia[*]扁平足僧帽瓣脫垂[*]脊椎側彎漏斗胸鸡胸主動脈瘤主动脉夹层ectopia lentis[*]
类型Marfanoid習性[*]結締組織病眼部疾病[*]疾病
分类和外部资源
醫學專科醫學遺傳學
ICD-11LD28.01
ICD-10Q87.4
ICD-9-CM759.82
OMIM154700
DiseasesDB7845
MedlinePlus000418
eMedicineped/1372 orthoped/414
MeSHD008382
GeneReviews
Orphanet558
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

馬凡症候群Marfan syndrome,MFS)或称马方症候群,是一種累及全身结缔组织的常染色体显性遗传病,大多数患者有家族史,少数患者为自身突变导致,嚴重程度會因人而異[1][2][3]。病变主要影响中胚叶的骨骼、心脏、肌肉、韧带和结缔组织,以骨骼畸形最常见。

患者通常身材高瘦,手腳、手指和腳趾修長,有蜘蛛樣指[3]。他們往往也會有關節活動範圍過大英语Hypermobility (joints)脊椎側彎[3]。最嚴重的併發症會進犯心臟主動脈,罹患二尖瓣脫垂英语mitral valve prolapse主動脈瘤的風險較高[3][4],其他常見的進犯部位還有部、部、骨骼硬腦膜[3]

此症為顯性疾患[3],肇因於第15對染色體上的纖維蛋白 FBN1英语Fibrillin 1發生變異,其為製造小纖維蛋白英语Fibrillin的基因,導致結締組織不正常[3]。有七成五的患者是透過父母遺傳罹病,兩成五則是源自於偶發性突變[3]。診斷需基於根特診斷標準英语Ghent criteria[5][6]

馬凡氏症候群無法治癒[3],但只要接受適當的治療,許多患者的壽命與一般平均壽命無異[3]。該症候群通常使用β受體阻滯劑控制病情,像是普萘洛爾阿替洛爾等藥物;如果患者無法耐受,則會改用鈣離子通道阻滯劑血管張力素I型轉化酶抑制劑[6][7]。建議患者避免劇烈運動[6],如果必要,患者可能需接受手術修復主動脈或置換瓣膜[7]

馬凡氏症候群患者大約在5,000到10,000人中就有一位[6][8],患病機率在世界不同地區中並無差異[8]。此症的命名由來是一位法國小兒科醫師安東尼·馬凡英语Antoine Marfan,他在1896年留下了此症的第一份記敘[9][10]

流行病学状况

[编辑]

马凡氏症候群发病无性别倾向,其突变率亦无地域倾向。据估计在美国大约有60,000(占人口数0.02%)到200,000人患有此病。该病致病基因携带者有一半的机率将其传给下一代。大多数马凡氏症候群患者有家族史,但同时又有15~30%的患者是由于自身突变导致的——这种自发突变率大约是2万分之一。马凡氏症候群也是一个显性负突变(dominant negative mutation)和单倍不足(haploinsufficiency)的疾病例子。其发病与可变表现度(variable expressivity)有关,但不完全外显率(incomplete penetrance)还没有被正式确定。

社會及文化

[编辑]

研究顯示,古埃及第十八王朝法老阿肯那顿很可能是馬凡氏症候群的患者[11][12]

另一位引起公眾對馬凡氏症候群關注的是1984年洛杉磯奧運會女排銀牌得主美國隊的成員弗洛拉·海曼Flora "Flo" Hyman),她在比賽時由於主動脈夾層剝離而突然死亡[13]

遺傳學家現時不再認為美國前總統阿伯拉罕·林肯患有此病[14][15][16],他的異常身高很大可能是由於多發性內分泌腫瘤2B型Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B)引致[17]

近年又有身高207公分的烏克蘭婦女琉德米拉(Lyudmila Titchenkova)[18],因為高異常高度而引起大眾對這病的關注。

NBA2014年選秀會,來自貝勒大學的奧斯汀(Isaiah Austin)在選秀會幾天前,被診斷出罹患馬凡氏症候群,而被醫生禁止參與籃球相關活動,NBA主席席爾佛(Adam Silver),為了讓奧斯汀圓夢,特別在選秀會上宣布道:「2014年選秀會的下一個選秀順位,NBA聯盟將挑選…奧斯汀!」奧斯汀經過積極治療,他已經得到醫生的許可,並尋求再次挑戰NBA的機會。

參見

[编辑]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Loeys BL, Dietz HC, Braverman AC, Callewaert BL, De Backer J, Devereux RB, et al. The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome. Journal of Medical Genetics. July 2010, 47 (7): 476–485. PMID 20591885. S2CID 13895128. doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.072785. hdl:1854/LU-1013955. 
  2. ^ Nistri S, De Cario R, Sticchi E, Spaziani G, Della Monica M, Giglio S, et al. Differential Diagnosis between Marfan Syndrome and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome Type 4: A Novel Chromosomal Deletion Covering TGFB2. Genes. September 2021, 12 (10): 1462. PMC 8536070可免费查阅. PMID 34680857. doi:10.3390/genes12101462可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 What Is Marfan Syndrome?. NHLBI, NIH. October 1, 2010 [16 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于6 May 2016). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Marfan Syndrome?. NHLBI, NIH. October 1, 2010 [16 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2016). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ How Is Marfan Syndrome Diagnosed?. NHLBI, NIH. October 1, 2010 [16 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2016). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Marfan Syndrome. National Organization for Rare Disorders. 2017 [5 November 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-12). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 How Is Marfan Syndrome Treated?. NHLBI, NIH. October 1, 2010 [16 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2016). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Keane MG, Pyeritz RE. Medical management of Marfan syndrome. Circulation. May 2008, 117 (21): 2802–2813. PMID 18506019. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693523可免费查阅. estimated prevalence of 1 case per 3000 to 5000 individuals 
  9. ^ Marfan, Antoine. Un cas de déformation congénitale des quartre membres, plus prononcée aux extrémitiés, caractérisée par l'allongement des os avec un certain degré d'amincissement [A case of congenital deformation of the four limbs, more pronounced at the extremities, characterized by elongation of the bones with some degree of thinning]. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris. 1896, 13 (3rd series): 220–226. OCLC 493643386. NAID 10014879958 (法语). 
  10. ^ Antoine Bernard-Jean Marfan. Whonamedit?. [16 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于8 March 2016). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  11. ^ The Mystery of Akhenaten: Genetics or Aesthetics?. [2014-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-08). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  12. ^ Akhenaten's illness. [2014-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-26). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  13. ^ Flo Hyman. Volleyball Hall of Fame. [2009-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-30) (英语). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  14. ^ Marion R. Mr. Lincoln and Dr. Marfan's syndrome. Was George Washington Really the Father of Our Country?. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. 1994. 
  15. ^ Ready T. Access to presidential DNA denied. Nature Medicine. 1999, 5: 859. PMID 11645164. 
  16. ^ Sotos JG. The Physical Lincoln Sourcebook. Mt. Vernon, VA: Mt. Vernon Book Systems. 2008: 29. ISBN 978-0-9818193-3-4. 
  17. ^ Sotos, John G. The Physical Lincoln. Mt. Vernon Book Systems. 2008. ISBN 978-0-9818193-2-7. 
  18. ^ 烏克蘭17歲正妹207公分 姊妹合體超過一層樓. ETtoday國際新聞. 2013-04-22 [2013-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-04) (繁体中文). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

參考文獻

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外部連結

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