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玉蕊:修订间差异

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{{noteTA|G1=LS|1=zh-hans:玉蕊;zh-tw:穗花棋盤腳}}
{{expand|time=2014-07-16T01:05:17+00:00}}
{{Speciesbox
{{refimprove|time=2014-07-16T01:05:17+00:00}}
| genus = Barringtonia
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| species = racemosa
| image = Barringtonia racemosa1.JPG
| name = 水茄冬
| image_caption = 玉蕊的花
| status =
|status = LC
| status_system =
|status_system = IUCN3.1
| image =
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. |author2=Botanic Gardens Conservation International |collaboration=BGCI |date=2020 |title=''Barringtonia racemosa'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T160298203A160301831 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T160298203A160301831.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[植物界]] Plantae
| authority = ([[卡尔·林奈|L.]]) [[库尔特·波利卡普·约阿希姆·施普伦格尔|Spreng.]]
| phylum = [[被子植物门]] Magnoliophyta
| synonyms =
| classis = [[双子叶植物纲]] Magnoliopsida
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
| ordo = [[杜鹃花目]] Ericales
|''Barringtonia apiculata'' <small>(Miers) R.Knuth [Illegitimate] </small>
| familia = [[玉蕊科]] Lecythidaceae
|''Barringtonia caffra'' <small> (Miers) E.Mey. ex R.Knuth </small>
| genus = [[玉蕊属]] ''Barringtonia''
|''Barringtonia caffra '' <small>E. Mey. </small>
| species = '''水茄冬 ''B. racemosa'''''
| binomial = ''Barringtonia racemosa''
|''Barringtonia celebesensis'' <small> R.Knuth </small>
|''Barringtonia ceramensis'' <small> R.Knuth </small>
| binomial_authority = (L.) Spreng.
|''Barringtonia ceylanica'' <small> (Miers) Gardner ex C.B.Clarke </small>
|''Barringtonia elongata'' <small> Korth. </small>
|''Barringtonia excelsa'' <small> A.Gray </small>
|''Barringtonia inclyta '' <small>Miers ex B.D.Jacks. [Invalid] </small>
|''Barringtonia lageniformis '' <small>Merr. & L.M.Perry </small>
|''Barringtonia longiracemosa'' <small> C.T.White </small>
|''Barringtonia obtusangula'' <small> (Blume) R.Knuth </small>
|''Barringtonia pallida '' <small>(Miers) Koord. & Valeton </small>
|''Barringtonia racemosa'' <small> Oliv. </small>
|''Barringtonia racemosa '' <small>(L.) Blume ex DC. </small>
|''Barringtonia racemosa var. elongata '' <small>(Korth.) Blume </small>
|''Barringtonia racemosa var. minor'' <small> Blume </small>
|''Barringtonia racemosa var. procera'' <small> Blume </small>
|''Barringtonia racemosa var. subcuneata '' <small>Miq. </small>
|''Barringtonia rosaria '' <small>Oken </small>
|''Barringtonia rosata '' <small>(Sonn.) R.Knuth </small>
|''Barringtonia rumphiana '' <small>(Miers) R.Knuth </small>
|''Barringtonia salomonensis '' <small>Rech. </small>
|''Barringtonia stravadium'' <small> Blanco </small>
|''Barringtonia terrestris '' <small>(Miers) R.Knuth </small>
|''Barringtonia timorensis'' <small> Blume </small>
|''Butonica alba '' <small>(Pers.) Miers [Illegitimate] </small>
|''Butonica apiculata '' <small>Miers </small>
|''Butonica caffra'' <small> Miers </small>
|''Butonica ceylanica '' <small>Miers </small>
|''Butonica inclyta '' <small>Miers </small>
|''Butonica racemosa'' <small> (L.) Juss. </small>
|''Butonica rosata'' <small> (Sonn.) Miers </small>
|''Butonica rumphiana '' <small>Miers </small>
|''Butonica terrestris '' <small>Miers </small>
|''Caryophyllus racemosus '' <small>(L.) Stokes </small>
|''Eugenia racemosa'' <small> L. </small>
|''Huttum racemosum '' <small>(L.) Britten </small>
|''Megadendron ambiguum'' <small> Miers </small>
|''Megadendron pallidum '' <small>Miers </small>
|''Menichea rosata'' <small> Sonn. </small>
|''Michelia apiculata '' <small>(Miers) Kuntze </small>
|''Michelia ceylanica '' <small>(Miers) Kuntze </small>
|''Michelia racemosa'' <small> (L.) Kuntze </small>
|''Michelia rosata '' <small>(Sonn.) Kuntze </small>
|''Michelia timorensis '' <small>(Blume) Kuntze </small>
|''Stravadium album'' <small> Pers. [Illegitimate] </small>
|''Stravadium obtusangulum'' <small> Blume </small>
|''Stravadium racemosum '' <small>(L.) Sweet </small>
|''Stravadium rubrum'' <small>DC. [Illegitimate] </small> }}
}}
}}


'''水茄冬'''([[学名]]:{{lang|la|''Barringtonia racemosa''}}为[[玉蕊科]][[玉蕊属]]的植物。分布于[[亚洲]]、[[非洲]]、[[台湾]]、[[大洋洲]]以及[[中国大陆]]的[[广东]]等地,常生于生滨海地区林中,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。
'''玉蕊'''([[学名]]:{{lang|la|''Barringtonia racemosa''}}),又名'''水茄苳'''、'''-{zh-hans:穗花棋盘脚;zh-tw:玉蕊}-'''、'''穗花棋盤-{}-腳樹'''或'''細葉棋盤-{}-腳樹''',为[[玉蕊科]][[玉蕊属]]的半红树植物<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web
| url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf
| title=Protected Trees
| date=3 May 2013
| publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa
| deadurl=yes
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf
| archivedate=2010-07-05
| df= }}</ref>。分布于[[亚洲]]、[[非洲]]、[[台湾]]、[[大洋洲]]以及[[中国大陆]]的[[广东]]和[[广西]]、[[海南岛]]等地。因耐風耐鹽,常植於海濱地區,作為防風林用,也常見於庭園,作為觀賞植物。於夜間開花,花朵構造特殊,花序造型優美且具有香味,適合作為庭園樹與行道樹使用。目前中国大陆自然生长面积最大的玉蕊林分布于广东省[[湛江市]][[雷州市]][[调风镇]]的九龙山红树林国家湿地公园,处于[[濒危]]处境。
== 描述 ==
玉蕊屬的常綠喬木,高可達16公尺,原產亞洲、大洋洲、非洲熱帶地區的河口溼地紅樹林及海岸林中。互生橢圓形葉片有鋸齒,葉片常叢生於枝頂。總狀花序自枝端或老枝長出,花序下垂,長度可達1公尺以上。披針形白色花瓣4枚。雄蕊白色或粉紅色,雌蕊桃紅色。果實纖維質,長達 5~7 公分,具不明顯四稜,能漂浮於水上,借由海潮傳播。開花期近全年,以春夏季最盛。


葉、樹皮、根均有毒性,含氫氰酸及皂素。其中毒病狀常是因誤食引起胃腸不適、腹瀉、動作不協調及肌肉麻痺等現象。<ref name=Monaco>{{cite web |url=https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/barringtonia-edulis/?lang=en |title=''Barringtonia edulis'' |work=Monaco Nature Encyclopedia |accessdate=11 November 2020 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324061753/https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/barringtonia-edulis/?lang=en |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== 种下等级 ==
* Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume ex DC.


== 参考文献 ==
==参考文献==
{{reflist}}
<div class="references-small">
* {{cite web | url = http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/KmzwSpecies.php?action=view&id=250 | title = 水茄冬 | work = 《中国高等植物数据库全库》 | publisher = 中国科学院微生物研究所 | author = 昆明植物研究所 | accessdate = 2009-02-21 }}
* {{cite web| url =http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/KmzwSpecies.php?action=view&id=250| title =水茄冬| work =《中国高等植物数据库全库》| publisher =中国科学院微生物研究所| author =昆明植物研究所| accessdate =2009-02-21| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030527/http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/KmzwSpecies.php?action=view&id=250| archivedate =2016-03-05}}
</div>


== 延伸阅读 ==
{{植物小作品}}
{{Wikisource further reading}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2718437}}


[[Category:玉蕊属|水茄冬]]
[[Category:玉蕊属|Y]]
[[Category:广东植物|Y]]

2024年9月24日 (二) 17:04的最新版本

玉蕊
玉蕊的花
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 杜鹃花目 Ericales
科: 玉蕊科 Lecythidaceae
属: 玉蕊屬 Barringtonia
种:
玉蕊 B. racemosa
二名法
Barringtonia racemosa
異名
列表
  • Barringtonia apiculata (Miers) R.Knuth [Illegitimate]
  • Barringtonia caffra (Miers) E.Mey. ex R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia caffra E. Mey.
  • Barringtonia celebesensis R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia ceramensis R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia ceylanica (Miers) Gardner ex C.B.Clarke
  • Barringtonia elongata Korth.
  • Barringtonia excelsa A.Gray
  • Barringtonia inclyta Miers ex B.D.Jacks. [Invalid]
  • Barringtonia lageniformis Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Barringtonia longiracemosa C.T.White
  • Barringtonia obtusangula (Blume) R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia pallida (Miers) Koord. & Valeton
  • Barringtonia racemosa Oliv.
  • Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume ex DC.
  • Barringtonia racemosa var. elongata (Korth.) Blume
  • Barringtonia racemosa var. minor Blume
  • Barringtonia racemosa var. procera Blume
  • Barringtonia racemosa var. subcuneata Miq.
  • Barringtonia rosaria Oken
  • Barringtonia rosata (Sonn.) R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia rumphiana (Miers) R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia salomonensis Rech.
  • Barringtonia stravadium Blanco
  • Barringtonia terrestris (Miers) R.Knuth
  • Barringtonia timorensis Blume
  • Butonica alba (Pers.) Miers [Illegitimate]
  • Butonica apiculata Miers
  • Butonica caffra Miers
  • Butonica ceylanica Miers
  • Butonica inclyta Miers
  • Butonica racemosa (L.) Juss.
  • Butonica rosata (Sonn.) Miers
  • Butonica rumphiana Miers
  • Butonica terrestris Miers
  • Caryophyllus racemosus (L.) Stokes
  • Eugenia racemosa L.
  • Huttum racemosum (L.) Britten
  • Megadendron ambiguum Miers
  • Megadendron pallidum Miers
  • Menichea rosata Sonn.
  • Michelia apiculata (Miers) Kuntze
  • Michelia ceylanica (Miers) Kuntze
  • Michelia racemosa (L.) Kuntze
  • Michelia rosata (Sonn.) Kuntze
  • Michelia timorensis (Blume) Kuntze
  • Stravadium album Pers. [Illegitimate]
  • Stravadium obtusangulum Blume
  • Stravadium racemosum (L.) Sweet
  • Stravadium rubrum DC. [Illegitimate]

玉蕊学名Barringtonia racemosa),又名水茄苳穗花棋盘脚穗花棋盤腳樹細葉棋盤腳樹,为玉蕊科玉蕊属的半红树植物[2]。分布于亚洲非洲台湾大洋洲以及中国大陆广东广西海南岛等地。因耐風耐鹽,常植於海濱地區,作為防風林用,也常見於庭園,作為觀賞植物。於夜間開花,花朵構造特殊,花序造型優美且具有香味,適合作為庭園樹與行道樹使用。目前中国大陆自然生长面积最大的玉蕊林分布于广东省湛江市雷州市调风镇的九龙山红树林国家湿地公园,处于濒危处境。

描述

[编辑]

玉蕊屬的常綠喬木,高可達16公尺,原產亞洲、大洋洲、非洲熱帶地區的河口溼地紅樹林及海岸林中。互生橢圓形葉片有鋸齒,葉片常叢生於枝頂。總狀花序自枝端或老枝長出,花序下垂,長度可達1公尺以上。披針形白色花瓣4枚。雄蕊白色或粉紅色,雌蕊桃紅色。果實纖維質,長達 5~7 公分,具不明顯四稜,能漂浮於水上,借由海潮傳播。開花期近全年,以春夏季最盛。

葉、樹皮、根均有毒性,含氫氰酸及皂素。其中毒病狀常是因誤食引起胃腸不適、腹瀉、動作不協調及肌肉麻痺等現象。[3]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Barringtonia racemosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020, 2020: e.T160298203A160301831 [20 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T160298203A160301831.en可免费查阅.  已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助)
  2. ^ Protected Trees (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-07-05). 
  3. ^ Barringtonia edulis. Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. [11 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-24). 
  • 昆明植物研究所. 水茄冬. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-21]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 

延伸阅读

[编辑]

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维基文库中的相关文本:欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·玉蕊部》,出自陈梦雷古今圖書集成