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曲唑酮：修订间差异

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{{Expand language|1=en|time=2024-03-27T12:45:01+00:00}}
{{Drugbox
{{Drugbox
| Watchedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
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<!--Clinical data-->
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Many brand names worldwide<ref name=genericnames/>
| tradename = 以多種商品名行銷於世界各地<ref name=genericnames/>
| synonyms = AF-1161
| synonyms = AF-1161
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|trazodone-hydrochloride}}
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|trazodone-hydrochloride}}
第18行： 第19行：
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| routes_of_administration = [[口服给药|By mouth]] ([[片剂|tablets]])
| routes_of_administration = [[口服给药]]（[[片剂]]）


<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = [[口服给药|By mouth]]: 65%<ref name="DrugPoint">Truven Health Analytics, Inc. DrugPoint System (Internet) [cited 2013 Oct 1]. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomsen Healthcare; 2013. {{Failed verification|date=April 2017|reason=search for "Trazodone" fails on Truven Web site}}</ref>
| bioavailability = [[口服给药]]: 65%<ref name="DrugPoint">Truven Health Analytics, Inc. DrugPoint System (Internet) [cited 2013 Oct 1]. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomsen Healthcare; 2013. {{Failed verification|date=2017年4月|reason=search for "Trazodone" fails on Truven Web site}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 89–95%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00656| title=Trazodone|website=DrugBank|accessdate=7 June 2015}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 89–95%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00656|title=Trazodone|website=DrugBank|accessdate=7 June 2015|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712013038/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00656|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| metabolism = [[肝臟|Liver]] ([[CYP3A4]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lemke |first1=Thomas L. |last2=Williams |first2=David A. |title=Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry |date=2012 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=9781609133450 |page=615 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Sd6ot9ul-bUC&pg=PA615 |language=en}}</ref>
| metabolism = [[肝臟]]（[[CYP3A4]]）<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lemke |first1=Thomas L. |last2=Williams |first2=David A. |title=Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry |date=2012 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=9781609133450 |page=615 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Sd6ot9ul-bUC&pg=PA615 |language=en |access-date=2018-10-18 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917215454/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Sd6ot9ul-bUC&pg=PA615 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| metabolites = {{abbrlink|mCPP|meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine}}<ref name="PreskornStanga2012">{{cite book|author1=Sheldon H. Preskorn|author2=Christina Y. Stanga|author3=John P. Feighner|author4=Ruth Ross|title=Antidepressants: Past, Present and Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ue3uCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-18500-7|pages=68–}}</ref>
| metabolites = {{abbrlink|mCPP|meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine}}<ref name="PreskornStanga2012">{{cite book|author1=Sheldon H. Preskorn|author2=Christina Y. Stanga|author3=John P. Feighner|author4=Ruth Ross|title=Antidepressants: Past, Present and Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ue3uCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-18500-7|pages=68–}}</ref>
| onset = [[口服给药|By mouth]]: 1 hour ({{tsl|en|Tmax (pharmacology)||{{abbr|T<sub>max</sub>|Time to peak concentrations}}}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pharmacychoice.com/mdx/drugpoint.cfm?docID=622860&letter=T&type=Generic%20Name |title=MicroMedex DrugPoints - Trazodone|website=Pharmacy Choice|date= |author= |accessdate= 20 April 2017}}</ref>
| onset = [[口服给药]]：1小時({{tsl|en|Tmax (pharmacology)||{{abbr|T<sub>max</sub>|Time to peak concentrations}}}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pharmacychoice.com/mdx/drugpoint.cfm?docID=622860&letter=T&type=Generic%20Name|title=MicroMedex DrugPoints - Trazodone|website=Pharmacy Choice|date=|author=|accessdate=20 April 2017|archive-date=2017-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420235448/http://www.pharmacychoice.com/mdx/drugpoint.cfm?docID=622860&letter=T&type=Generic%20Name|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| elimination_half-life = Trazodone {{abbr|IR|immediate-release}}: 7 hours<ref name="DrugPoint" /><br />Trazodone {{abbr|ER|extended-release}}: 10 hours<ref name="DrugPoint" /><br />{{abbrlink|mCPP|meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine}}: 4–8 hours<ref name="SchatzbergNemeroff2017">{{cite book|author1=Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.|author2=Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.|title=The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA460|year=2017|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub|isbn=978-1-58562-523-9|pages=460–}}</ref>
| elimination_half-life = Trazodone {{abbr|IR|immediate-release}}: 7 hours<ref name="DrugPoint" /><br />Trazodone {{abbr|ER|extended-release}}: 10 hours<ref name="DrugPoint" /><br />{{abbrlink|mCPP|meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine}}: 4–8 hours<ref name="SchatzbergNemeroff2017">{{cite book|author1=Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.|author2=Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.|title=The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA460|year=2017|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub|isbn=978-1-58562-523-9|pages=460–}}</ref>
| excretion = [[尿|Urine]]: 70–75%<ref name="DrugPoint" /><br />[[糞便|Feces]]: 21%<ref name="DrugPoint" />
| excretion = [[尿]]：70–75%<ref name="DrugPoint" /><br />[[糞便]]：21%<ref name="DrugPoint" />


<!--Identifiers-->
<!--Identifiers-->
第61行： 第62行：
{{medical}}
{{medical}}


<!-- 定義及症狀 -->
'''Trazodone'''是一種[[抗抑郁药]]，用來治療[[重性抑郁障碍]]、[[焦虑症]]、[[酒精依賴]]或其他療程的輔助藥品。Trazodone以多種商品名行銷於世界各地。<ref name=genericnames>[https://www.drugs.com/international/trazodone.html Drugs.com international listings for Trazodone] Page accessed Feb 10, 2016</ref><ref name=AHFS2018>{{cite web|title=Trazodone Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate= 8 January 2018}}</ref>
'''曲唑酮'''（{{lang-en|Trazodone}}）是一種口服[[抗抑鬱藥]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Trazodone Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=8 January 2018|archive-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919174109/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，用來治療[[重性抑鬱障礙]]、[[焦慮症]]，也配合其他藥品來治療[[酒精依賴]]。Trazodone以多種商品名行銷於世界各地<ref name=genericnames>[https://www.drugs.com/international/trazodone.html Drugs.com international listings for Trazodone] {{Wayback|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/trazodone.html |date=20180916022006 }} Page accessed Feb 10, 2016</ref><ref name=AHFS2018>{{cite web|title=Trazodone Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=8 January 2018|archive-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919174109/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

<!-- 副作用及藥理機制 -->
常見的副作用包含[[口乾]]、[[頭昏]]、[[嘔吐]]和[[頭痛]]<ref name=AHFS2018/>，較為嚴重的副作用為：[[自殺]]、躁狂導致之雙極性精神症狀、[[心律不整]]、[[陰莖異常勃起]]<ref name=AHFS2018/>。目前還不清楚在[[懷孕]]或[[哺乳]]期間使用是否安全<ref>{{cite web|title=Trazodone Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/trazodone.html|website=Drugs.com|accessdate=7 January 2018|archive-date=2019-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810191222/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/trazodone.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。該藥物品屬於[[苯基哌嗪]]（phenylpiperazine）類藥物，為一種{{le|血清素拮抗劑和再攝取抑制劑|Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor}}（SARI）<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stahl|first1=Stephen M.|title=Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications|date=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857024|page=567|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=cWbYxSfKN3cC&pg=PA567|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811032910/https://books.google.ca/books?id=cWbYxSfKN3cC&pg=PA567|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lemke|first1=Thomas L.|last2=Williams|first2=David A.|title=Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781768795|page=586|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=R0W1ErpsQpkC&pg=PA586|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812031919/https://books.google.ca/books?id=R0W1ErpsQpkC&pg=PA586|dead-url=no}}</ref>，Trazodone還具有鎮靜的副作用<ref name=BNF69>{{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse/page/257 257]–258|edition=69}}</ref>。

<!-- 安全性及文化 -->
該藥品於1981年在美國批准用於醫療用途<ref name=AHFS2018/>，現已有[[通用名藥物]]上市<ref name=AHFS2018/>。截至2019年，每月劑量在英國公醫（NHS）的採購藥價約7.46英鎊<ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=367|edition=76}}</ref>。2018年，美國的每月劑量批發價約4.53美元<ref>{{cite web|title=NADAC as of 2018-01-03|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2018-01-03/v54n-gpyk|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|accessdate=7 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=2019-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624045037/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2018-01-03/v54n-gpyk|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2016年，它是美國第24大處方用藥，單年處方超過2500萬筆 <ref>{{cite web |title=The Top 300 of 2019 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |website=clincalc.com |accessdate=22 December 2018 |archive-date=2020-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506000148/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


常見的副作用包含[[口乾]]、感到{{tsl|en|faint||頭昏昏眼花花好像快跌倒}}、[[呕吐]]和[[頭痛]]。較為嚴重的副作用為：[[自殺]]、[[躁鬱症]]、[[心律不整]]、和[[陰莖異常勃起]]。<ref name=AHFS2018/>
==文獻來源==
==文獻來源==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{镇痛药}}
{{Hypnotics_and_sedatives}}
[[Category:血清素受体激动剂]]
[[Category:血清素拮抗剂]]
[[Category:抗抑郁药物]]
[[Category:抗焦虑药]]
[[Category:氯苯]]
[[Category:H1受体拮抗剂]]
[[Category:催眠药]]
[[Category:内酰胺]]
[[Category:N-苯基哌嗪]]
[[Category:单胺重摄取抑制剂]]
[[Category:三唑吡啶]]
[[Category:脲]]

2024年9月25日 (三) 10:42的最新版本

曲唑酮
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）以多種商品名行銷於世界各地[1]
其他名稱AF-1161
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa681038
给药途径口服给药（片剂）
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度口服给药: 65%[2]
血漿蛋白結合率89–95%[3]
药物代谢肝臟（CYP3A4）[7]
代謝產物mCPP[4]
藥效起始時間（英语：Onset of action）口服给药：1小時(Tmax（英语：Tmax (pharmacology)）)[5]
生物半衰期Trazodone IR: 7 hours[2]
Trazodone ER: 10 hours[2]
mCPP: 4–8 hours[6]
排泄途徑尿：70–75%[2]
糞便：21%[2]
识别信息
  • 2-{3-[4-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl}[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one
CAS号19794-93-5  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.039.364 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C19H22ClN5O
摩尔质量371.8641 g/mol
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））
  • Clc4cccc(N3CCN(CCCN1/N=C2/C=C\C=C/N2C1=O)CC3)c4
  • InChI=1S/C19H22ClN5O/c20-16-5-3-6-17(15-16)23-13-11-22(12-14-23)8-4-10-25-19(26)24-9-2-1-7-18(24)21-25/h1-3,5-7,9,15H,4,8,10-14H2 checkY
  • Key:PHLBKPHSAVXXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。

曲唑酮（英語：Trazodone）是一種口服抗抑鬱藥[8]，用來治療重性抑鬱障礙、焦慮症，也配合其他藥品來治療酒精依賴。Trazodone以多種商品名行銷於世界各地[1][9]。

常見的副作用包含口乾、頭昏、嘔吐和頭痛[9]，較為嚴重的副作用為：自殺、躁狂導致之雙極性精神症狀、心律不整、陰莖異常勃起[9]。目前還不清楚在懷孕或哺乳期間使用是否安全[10]。該藥物品屬於苯基哌嗪（phenylpiperazine）類藥物，為一種血清素拮抗劑和再攝取抑制劑（英语：Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor）（SARI）[11][12]，Trazodone還具有鎮靜的副作用[13]。

該藥品於1981年在美國批准用於醫療用途[9]，現已有通用名藥物上市[9]。截至2019年，每月劑量在英國公醫（NHS）的採購藥價約7.46英鎊[14]。2018年，美國的每月劑量批發價約4.53美元[15]。2016年，它是美國第24大處方用藥，單年處方超過2500萬筆 [16]。

文獻來源

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Drugs.com international listings for Trazodone （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Page accessed Feb 10, 2016
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Truven Health Analytics, Inc. DrugPoint System (Internet) [cited 2013 Oct 1]. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomsen Healthcare; 2013. [與來源不符]
  3. ^ Trazodone. DrugBank. [7 June 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-12）. 
  4. ^ Sheldon H. Preskorn; Christina Y. Stanga; John P. Feighner; Ruth Ross. Antidepressants: Past, Present and Future. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012: 68–. ISBN 978-3-642-18500-7. 
  5. ^ MicroMedex DrugPoints - Trazodone. Pharmacy Choice. [20 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-20）. 
  6. ^ Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.; Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D. The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. 2017: 460–. ISBN 978-1-58562-523-9. 
  7. ^ Lemke, Thomas L.; Williams, David A. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012: 615 [2018-10-18]. ISBN 9781609133450. （原始内容存档于2018-09-17） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Trazodone Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-19）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Trazodone Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-19）. 
  10. ^ Trazodone Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [7 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-10）. 
  11. ^ Stahl, Stephen M. Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. Cambridge University Press. 2008: 567 [2019-02-25]. ISBN 9780521857024. （原始内容存档于2019-08-11） （英语）. 
  12. ^ Lemke, Thomas L.; Williams, David A. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008: 586 [2019-02-25]. ISBN 9780781768795. （原始内容存档于2019-08-12） （英语）. 
  13. ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 69. British Medical Association. 2015: 257–258. ISBN 9780857111562. 
  14. ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 367. ISBN 9780857113382. 
  15. ^ NADAC as of 2018-01-03. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. [7 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-24） （英语）. 
  16. ^ The Top 300 of 2019. clincalc.com. [22 December 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-06）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=曲唑酮&oldid=84348925”