2018年巴基斯坦大選:修订间差异
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{{Future election}} |
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{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
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| election_name = 2018年巴基斯坦大選 |
| election_name = 2018年巴基斯坦大選 |
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| country = Pakistan |
| country = Pakistan |
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| type = parliamentary |
| type = parliamentary |
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| ongoing = |
| ongoing = no |
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| previous_election = 2013年巴基斯坦大選 |
| previous_election = 2013年巴基斯坦大選 |
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| previous_year = 2013 |
| previous_year = 2013 |
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| election_date = 2018年7月25日 |
| election_date = 2018年7月25日 |
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| next_election = |
| next_election = 2024年巴基斯坦大选 |
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| next_year = |
| next_year = 2024 |
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| seats_for_election = 國民議會全數342席 |
| seats_for_election = [[巴基斯坦国民议会|國民議會]]全數342席 |
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| majority_seats = 172 |
| majority_seats = 172 |
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| opinion_polls = |
| opinion_polls = |
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| turnout = 51.6%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1770156/1-1770156|title=Voter turnout in 2018 dropped by more than 3%|website=tribune.com.pk|date=2018-07-31|access-date=2024-07-23|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512084258/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1770156/1-1770156|dead-url=no}}</ref>({{decrease}} 3.3%) |
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| turnout = |
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| elected_mps = |
| elected_mps = |
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<!-- Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf --> |
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| image1 = [[File:Shehbaz Sharif (34929982354).jpg|150x150px]] |
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| image1 = [[File:Konferenz Pakistan und der Westen - Imran Khan (cropped).jpg|150x150px]] |
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| leader1 = [[夏巴茲·謝里夫]] |
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| leader1 = [[伊姆蘭·汗]] |
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| party1 = [[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)|穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]] |
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| color1 = FF0000 |
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| leader_since1 = 2018年3月6日 |
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| leader_since1 = 1996年4月25日 |
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| party1 = [[巴基斯坦正義運動]] |
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| leaders_seat1 = |
| leaders_seat1 = |
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| last_election1 = 35席,16.92% |
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| seats_needed1 = {{increase}} 6 |
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| |
| seats1 = '''149席''' |
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| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 114席 |
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| seats1 = <!-- Pakistan Peoples Party --> |
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| image2 = [[File: |
| image2 = [[File:Shehbaz Sharif (34929982354).jpg|150x150px]] |
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| leader2 = [[ |
| leader2 = [[夏巴茲·謝里夫]] |
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| color2 = {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}} |
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| leader_since2 = 2007年12月30日<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bhuttos-son-husband-to-lead-party/|title=Bhutto's Son, Husband To Lead Party|date=December 29, 2007|accessdate=May 8, 2017|publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> |
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| party2 = [[巴基斯坦 |
| party2 = [[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)|穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]] |
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| leader_since2 = 2018年3月6日 |
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| color2 = |
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| leaders_seat2 = |
| leaders_seat2 = |
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| last_election2 = 166席,32.77% |
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| popular_vote2 = |
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| |
| seats2 = 82席 |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 84席 |
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| last_election2 = 42席,15.23% |
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| seats2 = |
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| seats_needed2 = {{increase}}130 |
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| image3 = [[File:Bilawal Bhutto Zardari - 2012 (7268800476) (cropped).jpg|150x150px]] |
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<!-- Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf --> |
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| leader3 = [[比拉瓦尔·布托·扎尔达里]] |
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| image3 = [[File:Konferenz Pakistan und der Westen - Imran Khan (cropped).jpg|150x150px]] |
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| color3 = 000000 |
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| leader3 = [[伊姆蘭·罕]] |
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| leader_since3 = 2007年12月30日<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bhuttos-son-husband-to-lead-party/|title=Bhutto's Son, Husband To Lead Party|date=2007-12-29|accessdate=2017-05-08|publisher=[[CBS News]]|archive-date=2019-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214200343/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bhuttos-son-husband-to-lead-party/|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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| leader_since3 = 1996年4月25日 |
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| party3 = [[巴基斯坦 |
| party3 = [[巴基斯坦人民党]] |
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| color3 = |
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| leaders_seat3 = |
| leaders_seat3 = |
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| popular_vote3 =6,924,356 |
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| last_election3 = 35席,16.92% |
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| |
| percentage3 =13.03% |
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| last_election3 = 42席,15.23% |
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| seats_needed3 = {{increase}}137 |
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| seats3 = 54席 |
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| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 12席 |
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<!-- bottom -->| map_image = |
<!-- bottom -->| map_image = |
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| before_election = [[沙希德·哈坎·阿巴西]] |
| before_election = [[沙希德·哈坎·阿巴西]] |
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| before_party = [[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)|穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]] |
| before_party = [[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)|穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]] |
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| after_election = [[伊姆蘭·汗]] |
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| posttitle = 總理 |
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| after_party = [[巴基斯坦正義運動]] |
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| after_election = |
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|popular_vote1='''16,903,702'''|popular_vote2=12,934,589|percentage1='''31.82%'''|percentage2=24.35%|swing1={{increase}}14.90%|swing2={{decrease}}8.42%|swing3={{decrease}}2.29%}} |
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| after_party = |
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}} |
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'''2018年巴基斯坦大選'''定於2018年7月25日舉行,巴基斯坦于5月31日宣布解散议会<ref name="july2018">{{cite tweet|date=2017-12-16 |title=Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi has said that general elections will be held in the country on 15th July next year.| user=pid_gov| author=Govt of Pakistan| number=942034332662861824 |}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Govt to complete its term; elections to be held in July 2018: PM|author=Samaa Web Desk|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/12/govt-complete-term-elections-held-july-2018-pm/}}</ref>。 |
'''2018年巴基斯坦大選'''定於2018年7月25日舉行,[[巴基斯坦]]于2018年5月31日宣布届期解散[[巴基斯坦国民议会|國民議會]]<ref name="july2018">{{cite tweet|date=2017-12-16 |title=Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi has said that general elections will be held in the country on 15th July next year.| user=pid_gov| author=Govt of Pakistan| number=942034332662861824 |}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Govt to complete its term; elections to be held in July 2018: PM|author=Samaa Web Desk|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/12/govt-complete-term-elections-held-july-2018-pm/|date=2017-12-20|accessdate=2018-05-02|archive-date=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023452/https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/12/govt-complete-term-elections-held-july-2018-pm/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。4個省議會的選舉亦於2018年7月25日舉行。 |
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== 背景 == |
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尽管本次选举是届期选举,但[[2013年巴基斯坦大選]]后出任[[巴基斯坦总理|总理]]的[[纳瓦兹·谢里夫]],在2016年卷入[[巴拿馬文件|巴拿馬文件案]]。<ref>{{cite web |publisher=The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists |title=Giant leak of offshore financial records exposes global array of crime and corruption |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/panamapapers/overview/intro/ |website=OCCRP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404075638/https://www.occrp.org/en/panamapapers/overview/intro/ |archive-date=2016-04-04 |url-status=live |date=2016-04-03|accessdate=2024-07-23}}</ref>2017年7月28日最高法院一致裁定謝里夫不符合宪法誠實和善良规定,因此他被取消擔任總理和國會議員的資格,也让所属的[[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]]蒙上贪腐阴影。<ref>{{cite web|title=Nawaz Sharif steps down as PM after SC's disqualification verdict|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1348191|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=2017-07-28|language=en|last=Bhatti|first=Haseeb|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721225150/https://www.dawn.com/news/1348191|archive-date=2024-07-21|accessdate=2024-07-23}}</ref> |
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==選舉制度== |
==選舉制度== |
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國民議會(下議院)共有342個席位,其中272席以單議席選區選出,60個預留予女性的席位和10個預留予少數族群的席位以 |
國民議會([[巴基斯坦国会|巴基斯坦國會]][[下議院]])共有342個席位,其中272席以單議席選區選出,60個預留予女性的席位和10個預留予少數族群的席位以各政黨在地方選區所得議席比例分配。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/545/|title=Election for Pakistani National Assembly|date=2013-05-11|publisher=[[International Foundation for Electoral Systems|IEFS]]|accessdate=2017-05-08|archive-date=2018-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161146/http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/545/|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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==民意調查== |
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[[File:Opinion polling for the pakistani general election, 2018.png|thumb|none|500px|民意調查走勢:<br />{{Legend-line|#228b22 solid 4px|[[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]]}} |
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{{Legend-line|#ff2d21 solid 4px|[[巴基斯坦正義運動]]}} |
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{{Legend-line|#000000 solid 4px|[[巴基斯坦人民党]]}}]] |
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==選舉結果== |
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===國民議會=== |
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{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right |
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| colspan="9" |[[File:Pakistan National Assembly 2018 with reserved.svg|frameless|center|300x300px]] |
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|- |
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!rowspan=3 colspan=2|政黨 |
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!rowspan=3|得票 |
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!rowspan=3|% |
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!colspan=5|議席 |
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|- |
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!rowspan=2|地方選區 |
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!colspan=2|預留 |
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!rowspan=2|總計 |
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!rowspan=2|增減 |
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|- |
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!女性 |
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!少數族群 |
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|- |
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|bgcolor=#E70A0A | |
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|align=left|[[巴基斯坦正義運動]]||16,903,702||31.82||116||28||5||149||+114 |
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|- |
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|bgcolor=#228b22 | |
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|align=left|[[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)]]||12,934,589||24.35||64||16||2||82||–84 |
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|- |
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|bgcolor=#000000 | |
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|align=left|[[巴基斯坦人民党]]||6,924,356||13.03||43||9||2||54||+12 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="#004000" | |
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| align="left" |{{tsl|en|Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal|聯合行動大會}}||2,573,939||4.85||12||2||1||15||–4 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="#e3dddf" | |
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| align="left" |{{tsl|en|Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan|統一民族運動 (巴基斯坦派)|統一民族運動}}||733,245||1.38||6||1||0||7||–17 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="#00A877" | |
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| align="left" |[[巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(领袖派)]]||517,408||0.97||4||1||0||5||+3 |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="#99CC66" | |
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| align="left" |{{tsl|en|Balochistan National Party|俾路支民族黨|俾路支民族黨}}||319,348||0.60||4||1||0||5||新 |
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| bgcolor="Yellow" | |
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| align="left" | 俾路支民族黨(門加爾派) ||238,817||0.45||3||1||0||4||+3 |
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| bgcolor="#808040" | |
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| align="left" |{{tsl|en|Grande alliance démocratique|大民主聯盟}}||1,260,147||2.37||2||1||0||3||–4 |
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|bgcolor=#DD0000 | |
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|align=left|[[人民民族黨 (巴基斯坦)|人民民族黨]]||815,998||1.54||1||0||0||1||–2 |
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| bgcolor="#9ACD32" | |
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| align="left" |[[人民穆斯林聯盟]]||119,362||0.22||1||0||0||1||0 |
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|bgcolor="#F08080" | |
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|align=left|[[共和民族黨]]||23,274||0.04||1||0||0||1||+1 |
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|bgcolor=#228B22 | |
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|align=left|{{tsl|en|Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan|巴基斯坦塔爾比耶運動}}||2,234,316||4.21||0||0||0||0||新 |
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| ||align=left| 真主至大運動 ||172,120||0.32||0||0||0||0||0 |
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|- |
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| ||align=left| 信德統一黨 ||140,303||0.26||0||0||0||0||0 |
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|bgcolor=Orange | |
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|align=left| {{tsl|en|Pashtunkhwa National Awami Party|普什圖民族人民黨}}||134,846||0.25||0||0||0||0||–4 |
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|bgcolor=green| |
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|align=left|{{tsl|en|Pak Sarzameen Party|你的圣地党}} |
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|126,128 |
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|0.24 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|bgcolor=#EEEEEE | |
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|align=left| 其它政黨 |
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|864,425 |
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|1.62 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|bgcolor=#DDDDDD | |
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|align=left| 無黨籍人士||6,087,410||11.46||13||0||0||13||+5 |
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|align=left colspan=2| 選舉延期 ||–||–||2||–||–||2||– |
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|align=left colspan=2| 無效票/空白票 || –||–||–||–||–||–||– |
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|align=left colspan=2|'''總計'''|| '''53,123,733'''||'''100'''||'''272'''||'''60'''||'''10'''||'''342'''||'''0''' |
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|align=left colspan=2| 已登記選民人數/投票率 || ||51.7||–||–||–||–||– |
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|align=left colspan=9| 來源:[https://www.ecp.gov.pk/default.aspx ECP]{{Wayback|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/default.aspx |date=20180728192505 }} |
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|} |
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===省議會=== |
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[[巴基斯坦正義運動]]在[[旁遮普省]]議會成為最大黨,並在[[开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省]]議會保持最大黨地位。[[巴基斯坦人民党]]在[[信德省]]議會保持最大黨地位。新建的[[俾路支人民黨]]成為[[俾路支省]]議會最大黨。 |
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== 后续 == |
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选举结束后议会最大党巴基斯坦正義運動开始政府組建工作,正義運動的談判对象是較小的政黨和獨立人士。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/world-asia-44980344|title=Pakistan election: Party of Ex-PM Nawaz Sharif concedes to Imran Khan|date=2018-07-27|accessdate=2024-08-19|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404052130/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44980344.amp|archivedate=2023-04-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>8月2日,巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)、巴基斯坦人民党等宣布成立一个“反对派大联盟”,共同提名并选举议长、总理和其他关键职位。根据计划,议长职位将由人民党获得,副议长职位由統一行動評議會获得,总理职位则由穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)获得。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1424493|title='Opposition' parties resolve to bring their own prime minister, NA speaker|website=dawn.com|date=2018-08-02|accessdate=2024-08-19|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119052836/https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1424493|archivedate=2024-01-19|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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8月15日正義運動在议长选举胜出。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1427135|title=PTI's Asad Qaiser, Qasim Suri elected NA speaker and deputy speaker amid opposition ruckus|website=dawn.com|date=2018-08-15|accessdate=2024-08-19|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119230828/https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1427135|archivedate=2023-11-19|dead-url=no}}</ref>在8月16日议长选举之后,由于谢赫巴兹·谢里夫对人民党共同主席、前巴基斯坦总统阿西夫·阿里·扎尔达里的言论,人民党决定撤回对谢赫巴兹·谢里夫担任总理职位的支持。<ref>{{cite web|title=PPP withdraws support for Shehbaz Sharif as PM candidate|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/207666-ppp-expresses-reservations-over-pml-ns-pm-candidate|website=Geo.tv|date=2018-08-16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730094808/https://www.geo.tv/latest/207666-ppp-expresses-reservations-over-pml-ns-pm-candidate|archive-date=2023-07-30|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref>8月17日,巴基斯坦國民議會以176票支持選舉正義運動主席[[伊姆蘭·汗]]為新一任總理。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-45219455|title=Imran Khan confirmed as Pakistan prime minister|work=BBC News|date=2018-08-17|accessdate=2018-08-20|archive-date=2018-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818181055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-45219455|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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==參考文獻== |
==參考文獻== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{Pakistani elections}} |
{{Pakistani elections}} |
2024年10月19日 (六) 10:00的最新版本
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國民議會全數342席 獲得過半多數需172个席位 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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投票率 | 51.6%[1](▼ 3.3%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2018年巴基斯坦大選定於2018年7月25日舉行,巴基斯坦于2018年5月31日宣布届期解散國民議會[3][4]。4個省議會的選舉亦於2018年7月25日舉行。
背景
[编辑]尽管本次选举是届期选举,但2013年巴基斯坦大選后出任总理的纳瓦兹·谢里夫,在2016年卷入巴拿馬文件案。[5]2017年7月28日最高法院一致裁定謝里夫不符合宪法誠實和善良规定,因此他被取消擔任總理和國會議員的資格,也让所属的巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)蒙上贪腐阴影。[6]
選舉制度
[编辑]國民議會(巴基斯坦國會下議院)共有342個席位,其中272席以單議席選區選出,60個預留予女性的席位和10個預留予少數族群的席位以各政黨在地方選區所得議席比例分配。[7]
民意調查
[编辑]選舉結果
[编辑]國民議會
[编辑]政黨 | 得票 | % | 議席 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地方選區 | 預留 | 總計 | 增減 | |||||
女性 | 少數族群 | |||||||
巴基斯坦正義運動 | 16,903,702 | 31.82 | 116 | 28 | 5 | 149 | +114 | |
巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派) | 12,934,589 | 24.35 | 64 | 16 | 2 | 82 | –84 | |
巴基斯坦人民党 | 6,924,356 | 13.03 | 43 | 9 | 2 | 54 | +12 | |
聯合行動大會 | 2,573,939 | 4.85 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 15 | –4 | |
統一民族運動 | 733,245 | 1.38 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 | –17 | |
巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(领袖派) | 517,408 | 0.97 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | +3 | |
俾路支民族黨 | 319,348 | 0.60 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 新 | |
俾路支民族黨(門加爾派) | 238,817 | 0.45 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | +3 | |
大民主聯盟 | 1,260,147 | 2.37 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | –4 | |
人民民族黨 | 815,998 | 1.54 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | –2 | |
人民穆斯林聯盟 | 119,362 | 0.22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
共和民族黨 | 23,274 | 0.04 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | +1 | |
巴基斯坦塔爾比耶運動 | 2,234,316 | 4.21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 新 | |
真主至大運動 | 172,120 | 0.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
信德統一黨 | 140,303 | 0.26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
普什圖民族人民黨 | 134,846 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –4 | |
你的圣地党 | 126,128 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
其它政黨 | 864,425 | 1.62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
無黨籍人士 | 6,087,410 | 11.46 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 13 | +5 | |
選舉延期 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 2 | – | |
無效票/空白票 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
總計 | 53,123,733 | 100 | 272 | 60 | 10 | 342 | 0 | |
已登記選民人數/投票率 | 51.7 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
來源:ECP(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) |
省議會
[编辑]巴基斯坦正義運動在旁遮普省議會成為最大黨,並在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省議會保持最大黨地位。巴基斯坦人民党在信德省議會保持最大黨地位。新建的俾路支人民黨成為俾路支省議會最大黨。
后续
[编辑]选举结束后议会最大党巴基斯坦正義運動开始政府組建工作,正義運動的談判对象是較小的政黨和獨立人士。[8]8月2日,巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)、巴基斯坦人民党等宣布成立一个“反对派大联盟”,共同提名并选举议长、总理和其他关键职位。根据计划,议长职位将由人民党获得,副议长职位由統一行動評議會获得,总理职位则由穆斯林联盟(谢里夫派)获得。[9]
8月15日正義運動在议长选举胜出。[10]在8月16日议长选举之后,由于谢赫巴兹·谢里夫对人民党共同主席、前巴基斯坦总统阿西夫·阿里·扎尔达里的言论,人民党决定撤回对谢赫巴兹·谢里夫担任总理职位的支持。[11]8月17日,巴基斯坦國民議會以176票支持選舉正義運動主席伊姆蘭·汗為新一任總理。[12]
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Voter turnout in 2018 dropped by more than 3%. tribune.com.pk. 2018-07-31 [2024-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- ^ Bhutto's Son, Husband To Lead Party. CBS News. 2007-12-29 [2017-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-14).
- ^ Govt of Pakistan [@pid_gov]. Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi has said that general elections will be held in the country on 15th July next year. (推文). 2017-12-16 –通过Twitter.
- ^ Samaa Web Desk. Govt to complete its term; elections to be held in July 2018: PM. 2017-12-20 [2018-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-15).
- ^ Giant leak of offshore financial records exposes global array of crime and corruption. OCCRP. The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. 2016-04-03 [2024-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-04).
- ^ Bhatti, Haseeb. Nawaz Sharif steps down as PM after SC's disqualification verdict. Dawn. 2017-07-28 [2024-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-21) (英语).
- ^ Election for Pakistani National Assembly. IEFS. 2013-05-11 [2017-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-25).
- ^ Pakistan election: Party of Ex-PM Nawaz Sharif concedes to Imran Khan. 2018-07-27 [2024-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-04) (英语).
- ^ 'Opposition' parties resolve to bring their own prime minister, NA speaker. dawn.com. 2018-08-02 [2024-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-19) (英语).
- ^ PTI's Asad Qaiser, Qasim Suri elected NA speaker and deputy speaker amid opposition ruckus. dawn.com. 2018-08-15 [2024-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-19) (英语).
- ^ PPP withdraws support for Shehbaz Sharif as PM candidate. Geo.tv. 2018-08-16 [2018-08-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-30) (英语).
- ^ Imran Khan confirmed as Pakistan prime minister. BBC News. 2018-08-17 [2018-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-18).