半乳糖:修订间差异
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{{Link style|time=2015-12-11T04:12:24+00:00}} |
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{{Chembox |
{{Chembox |
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| ImageFile1 = Beta-D-Galactopyranose.svg |
| ImageFile1 = Beta-D-Galactopyranose.svg |
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| ImageFile2 = DL-Galactose num.svg |
| ImageFile2 = DL-Galactose num.svg |
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| ImageSize2 = 260 px |
| ImageSize2 = 260 px |
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| IUPACName = |
| IUPACName = Galactose |
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|SystematicName=(2''S'',3''R'',4''S'',5''R'',6''R'')-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol<br />(2''S'',3''R'',4''S'',5''R'',6''R'')-6-(羥甲基)氧雜環己-2,3,4,5-四醇 |
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| OtherNames = |
| OtherNames = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 26566-61-0 |
| CASNo = 26566-61-0 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| SMILES = |
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| CASNo2 = 59-23-4 |
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| MeSHName = Galactose |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 4646 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 388480 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 300520 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = D04291 |
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| InChI = 1/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2−,3+,4+,5−,6+/m1/s1 |
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| InChIKey = WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBBU |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2−,3+,4+,5−,6+/m1/s1 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N |
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| PubChem2 = 439357 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = X2RN3Q8DNE |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 28061 |
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| SMILES = O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)CO |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> |
| Formula = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 180. |
| MolarMass = 180.16 |
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| Appearance = |
| Appearance = |
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'''半乳糖''' |
'''半乳糖'''(galactose、簡稱:gal,[[分子式]]:CH<sub>2</sub>OH(CHOH)<sub>4</sub>CHO, [http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%5BC%40H%5D1%5BC%40%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40%40H%5D1O%29CO Jmol 立體圖]{{Wayback|url=http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%5BC%40H%5D1%5BC%40%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40%40H%5D1O%29CO |date=20121015081528 }})是[[單糖]]的一種,可在[[奶製品]]或[[甜菜]]中找到。因它含有熱量,它也會被用作營養增甜劑。 |
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半乳糖 |
半乳糖與[[葡萄糖]]是[[同分異構物]]。在[[β-乳糖酶]]的催化作用下,半乳糖可從乳糖的水解作用中得到。 |
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== 來源 == |
== 來源 == |
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天然的半乳糖广泛存在於[[生物体]]、[[植物体]]和其他天然[[樹脂]]及 |
天然的半乳糖广泛存在於[[生物体]]、[[植物体]]和其他天然[[樹脂]]及{{link-en|黏液 (植物)|mucilage}}中。<ref>Nassau et al. [http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/178/4/1047.pdf Galactofuranose Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12:...] {{Wayback|url=http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/178/4/1047.pdf |date=20110916193221 }} Journal of Bacteriology, Feb. 1996, p. 1047–1052</ref> |
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生物體的一些組織中以[[糖脂]]與[[糖蛋白]]为原料合成半乳糖。 |
生物體的一些組織中以[[糖脂]]與[[糖蛋白]]为原料合成半乳糖。 |
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\_________/ |
\_________/ |
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epimerase |
epimerase |
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==結構及異構== |
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[[File:D-Galactose Haworth.svg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|半乳糖的循環式]] |
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==新陳代謝== |
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{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="text-align:left" |
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! 常见[[单糖]]的代谢途径与部分葡萄糖参与的生化反应 |
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|[[File:Metabolism of common monosaccharides, and related reactions.png|none|1000px]] |
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[[File:Leloir pathway.png|300px|thumb|right|半乳糖新陳代謝]] |
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==註釋== |
==註釋== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{ |
{{糖类}} |
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{{biochem-stub}} |
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[[Category:半乳糖| ]] |
[[Category:半乳糖| ]] |
2024年10月19日 (六) 16:53的最新版本
半乳糖 | |
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IUPAC名 Galactose | |
系统名 (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(羥甲基)氧雜環己-2,3,4,5-四醇 | |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 26566-61-0 59-23-4 |
PubChem | 6036 439357 |
ChemSpider | 388480 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBBU |
ChEBI | 28061 |
KEGG | D04291 |
MeSH | Galactose |
IUPHAR配体 | 4646 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C6H12O6 |
摩尔质量 | 180.16 g·mol⁻¹ |
熔点 | 167 °C |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
半乳糖(galactose、簡稱:gal,分子式:CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO, Jmol 立體圖(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))是單糖的一種,可在奶製品或甜菜中找到。因它含有熱量,它也會被用作營養增甜劑。
半乳糖與葡萄糖是同分異構物。在β-乳糖酶的催化作用下,半乳糖可從乳糖的水解作用中得到。
來源
[编辑]天然的半乳糖广泛存在於生物体、植物体和其他天然樹脂及黏液 (植物)中。[1]
肝臟中半乳糖的代謝
[编辑]在肝臟中,半乳糖轉經由下列反應變成 葡萄糖-6-磷酸:
半乳糖激酶 尿苷酰转移酶 葡萄糖磷酸变位酶 gal ----------> gal 1 P ----------------> glc 1 P --------------> glc 6 P ^ \ / v UDP-glc UDP-gal ^ / \_________/ epimerase
結構及異構
[编辑]新陳代謝
[编辑]常见单糖的代谢途径与部分葡萄糖参与的生化反应 |
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註釋
[编辑]- ^ Nassau et al. Galactofuranose Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12:... (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Journal of Bacteriology, Feb. 1996, p. 1047–1052