拉巴斯:修订间差异
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{{NoteTA |
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|G1=单位 |
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|1=zh-hans:蒙得维的亚; zh:蒙得維的亞; zh-hant:蒙特維多; |
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|2=zh-cn:多明戈; zh-tw:多明哥; zh-hk:杜明高; |
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|3=zh:玻利瓦爾; zh-hans:玻利瓦尔; zh-tw:玻利瓦; zh-hk:玻利華; |
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|5=zh-hans:国内生产总值;zh-tw:國內生產毛額;zh-hk:本地生產總值 |
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{{Otheruses}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|name = 拉巴斯 |
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|native_name |
|native_name = La Paz<br />{{nobold|''Chuqi Yapu Marka''{{spaces|1}}<small>{{Language icon|ay}}</small>}}<br/>{{nobold|''Chuqiyapu'' {{spaces|1}}<small>{{Language icon|qu}}<small>}} |
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|official_name = 拉巴斯-德阿亚库乔<br />{{nobold|''La Paz de Ayacucho''}} |
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|other_name = |
|other_name = |
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|settlement_type = 城市 |
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|motto = "Los discordes en concordia, en paz y amor se juntaron y |
|motto = "Los discordes en concordia, en paz y amor se juntaron y |
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pueblo de paz fundaron para perpetua memoria" |
pueblo de paz fundaron para perpetua memoria" |
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|image_skyline = |
|image_skyline = {{multiple images |
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| border = infobox |
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|image_caption = 顺时针方向:拉巴斯天际线,背景为[[伊宜馬尼峰]];玻利维亚[[多民族立法大会]]大楼;{{link-en|圣佛朗西斯科教堂 (拉巴斯)|San Francisco Church (La Paz)|圣佛朗西斯科教堂}};马里斯卡尔·圣塔·克鲁斯大道;拉巴斯缆车{{link-en|Mi Teleférico}};拉巴斯市中心 |
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| align = center |
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|image_flag = Flag of lapaz.svg |
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| perrow = 1-2-3-1 |
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|image_seal = Escudo de La Paz.png |
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| total_width= 300 |
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|image_shield = |
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| image1 = La Paz Skyline.jpg |
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| image2 = Noon, Plaza Murillo, La Paz, Bolivia (14689720998).jpg |
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| image3 = La Paz Downtown.jpg |
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| image4 = Mon 267 1 SAS (cropped).jpg |
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| image5 = HDR catedral de espaldas (cropped).jpg |
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| image6 = La Paz - Bolivia OP1.jpg |
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| image7 = Edificios de la ciudad de La Paz desde Plaza Murillo 2018 (cropped).jpg |
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| footer = |
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| footer_align = center |
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}} |
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|image_caption = |
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|image_flag = Flag of La paz.svg |
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|flag_size = x80px |
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|image_shield = Escudo de La Paz.png |
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|shield_size = x80px |
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|image_map = |
|image_map = |
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|mapsize = |
|mapsize = |
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|map_caption = 拉巴斯於玻利維亞位置圖 |
|map_caption = 拉巴斯於玻利維亞位置圖 |
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|image_map1 = |
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|map_caption1 = |
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|mapsize1 = |
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|pushpin_map = Bolivia |
|pushpin_map = Bolivia |
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|pushpin_mapsize = |
|pushpin_mapsize = |
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|coordinates_display = inline,title |
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|coordinates_region = BO |
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|subdivision_type = [[世界地理索引|國家]] |
|subdivision_type = [[世界地理索引|國家]] |
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|subdivision_name = {{flag|Bolivia}} |
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Bolivia}} |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[玻利维亚 |
|subdivision_type1 = [[玻利维亚省份|省]] |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[拉巴斯省]] |
|subdivision_name1 = [[拉巴斯省 (玻利維亞)|拉巴斯省]] |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[ |
|subdivision_type2 = [[玻利维亚县份|县]] |
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|subdivision_name2 = [[ |
|subdivision_name2 = [[穆里约县]] |
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|leader_title = 市長 |
|leader_title = 市長 |
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|leader_name = |
|leader_name = {{En-link|Luis A. Revilla Herrero|Luis Revilla}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luchoporlapaz.com/luis-revilla/hoja-de-vida.html |title=¿Quién es Luis Revilla? |publisher=Luchoporlapaz.com |date= |accessdate=2010-07-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716205134/http://www.luchoporlapaz.com/luis-revilla/hoja-de-vida.html |archivedate=2010-07-16 }}</ref> |
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|established_title1 = 建立 |
|established_title1 = 建立 |
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|established_date1 = 1548年10月20日 |
|established_date1 = 1548年10月20日 |
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|founder={{ |
|founder = {{En-link|阿隆索·德·門多薩|Alonso de Mendoza}} |
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|established_title2 = 獨立 |
|established_title2 = 獨立 |
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|established_date2 = 1809年7月16日 |
|established_date2 = 1809年7月16日 |
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|established_title3 = |
|established_title3 = |
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|established_date3 = |
|established_date3 = |
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|established_title4 = Incorporated ([[El Alto]]) |
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|established_date4 = 20th century |
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|area_magnitude = |
|area_magnitude = |
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|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |
|unit_pref = Metric<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |
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|area_total_km2 = 472 |
|area_total_km2 = 472 |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
|area_total_sq_mi = |
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|area_metro_km2 = |
|area_metro_km2 = |
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|area_metro_sq_mi = |
|area_metro_sq_mi = |
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|population_as_of = 2020人口普查 |
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|population_as_of = 2008<ref name=population>{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-38 |title=World Gazetteer |publisher=World Gazetteer |date= |accessdate=2010-01-31}}</ref> |
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|population_note = |
|population_note = |
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|population_total = 766,468<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inecloud.ine.gob.bo/owncloud/index.php/s/HLnakP9fWjUlM4S/download|title=BOLIVIA: PROYECCIONES DE POBLACIÓN, SEGÚN DEPARTAMENTO Y MUNICIPIO, 2012–2020 (in Spanish)|access-date=5 September 2020|archive-date=2020-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718041705/http://inecloud.ine.gob.bo/owncloud/index.php/s/HLnakP9fWjUlM4S/download}}</ref> |
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|population_total = 877,363 |
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|population_density_km2 = |
|population_density_km2 = auto |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
|population_density_sq_mi = |
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|population_metro = 816,044<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censosbolivia.ine.gob.bo/censofichacomunidad/c_listadof/listar_comunidades|title=Results of the 2012 Population and Housing Census (in Spanish)|access-date=5 September 2020|archive-date=2014-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107025542/http://censosbolivia.ine.gob.bo/censofichacomunidad/c_listadof/listar_comunidades}}</ref> |
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|population_metro = 2,364,235 |
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|population_density_metro_km2 = |
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|population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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|timezone_DST = |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
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|latd= 16|latm=30 |latNS=S |
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|longd= 68|longm= 09|longEW=W |
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|elevation_m = 3,640 |
|elevation_m = 3,640 |
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|elevation_ft = 11,942 |
|elevation_ft = 11,942 |
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|blank_name = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010) |
|blank_name = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010) |
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|blank_info = 0.672 – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.wkkf.org/default.aspx?tabid=75&CID=345&NID=61&LanguageID=0|title=W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Overview – Bolivia: La Paz – El Alto |
|blank_info = 0.672 – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.wkkf.org/default.aspx?tabid=75&CID=345&NID=61&LanguageID=0|title=W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Overview – Bolivia: La Paz – El Alto|access-date=2012-04-15|archive-date=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213023541/http://ww2.wkkf.org/default.aspx?tabid=75&CID=345&NID=61&LanguageID=0|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |
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|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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[[File:La Paz-center.jpg|thumb|250px|拉巴斯市中心一景]] |
[[File:La Paz-center.jpg|thumb|250px|拉巴斯市中心一景]] |
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'''拉巴斯'''({{lang-es|Nuestra Señora de La Paz}} {{IPAc-en|l|ɑː|_|ˈ|p|ɑː|z}}<ref name="MW_pronunciation2">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/la+paz|title=La Paz|date=n.d.|publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|access-date=8 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015151034/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/la+paz|archive-date=15 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>)在西班牙語意為「和平圣母之城」<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://upiip.minedu.gob.bo/paginas/modulos_sistema/gestor_biblioteca/material/73/Aymara-Euphemia.pdf|title=Aymara aru thakhinchawi|publisher=Arcus Industria Gráfica for the Ministry of Education|year=2011|location=La Paz, Bolivia|page=25|language=ay|author=Morales, Salustiano Ayma|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226164804/http://upiip.minedu.gob.bo/paginas/modulos_sistema/gestor_biblioteca/material/73/Aymara-Euphemia.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2016|url-status=live }}</ref>,是[[南美洲]]國家[[玻利維亞]]的政府所在地和實際上的[[首都]](該國法定首都為[[蘇克雷]]),截至2020年,估計有 816,044 名人口居住於此,拉巴斯是玻利維亞人口第三多的城市。其大都市區由拉巴斯、[[埃爾阿爾托]]、阿喬卡拉、維亞查和梅卡帕卡組成,是玻利維亞人口第二多的都市,人口約200萬,僅次於[[圣克鲁斯-德拉谢拉]]。擁有230萬人口。它也是[[拉巴斯省 (玻利維亞)|拉巴斯省]]的首府。 |
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'''拉巴斯'''({{lang-es|La Paz}})在西班牙語意為「和平之城」,位於阿爾蒂普拉諾高原上的一個山谷中,西與秘魯和智利接壤,西南為高原,東南為山地,東部是熱帶河谷,北部是亞馬孫河流域邊緣的雨林帶,拉巴斯河流經城內。是[[南美洲]]國家[[玻利維亞]]的政府所在地和實際上的[[首都]](該國法定首都為[[蘇克雷]]),也是全世界[[海拔]]最高的首都,建于1548年。位於[[玻利維亞高原]]東部,海拔3640公尺,该市气候属于[[亚热带山地气候]],年平气温7℃。<ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2006-01/10/content_4032347.htm</ref>該城的地形是一個[[盆地]],盆地的正中央為商業區和政府機關所在,也由於盆地地型的關係,造成都市交通的壅塞。近年來政府於都市中建立多條[[空中纜車|高空纜車]],以解決交通壅塞的問題。在城南眺望远处的[[伊宜馬尼峰]]。拉巴斯濱[[拉巴斯河]](亦稱喬克亞普河),西距[[的的喀喀湖]]約55公里。 |
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拉巴斯位於玻利維亞中西部,[[玻利維亞高原]]東部,阿爾蒂普拉諾高原上的一個山谷中,濱临[[喬克亞普河|拉巴斯河]],西距[[的的喀喀湖]]約55公里,西與秘魯和智利接壤,西南為高原,東南為山地,東部是熱帶河谷,北部是亞馬孫河流域邊緣的雨林帶,拉巴斯河流經城內。由於城市海拔約3640公尺,使得其也是[[首都海拔列表|全世界海拔最高的首都]],市气候属于[[温带山地气候]],年平气温7℃。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2006-01/10/content_4032347.htm |title=存档副本 |access-date=2010-03-17 |archive-date=2014-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030220819/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2006-01/10/content_4032347.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>該城的地形是一個[[盆地]],盆地的正中央為商業區和政府機關所在,也由於盆地地型的關係,造成都市交通的壅塞。近年來政府於都市中建立多條[[空中纜車|高空纜車]],以解決交通壅塞的問題。在城南則能眺望远处的[[伊宜馬尼峰]]。 |
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==氣候== |
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拉巴斯於1548年10月20日由西班牙征服者{{link-en|阿隆索·德·門多薩|Alonso_de_Mendoza}}上尉在印加人定居點拉哈的遺址上建立,作為從[[波托西]]和[[奥鲁罗|奧魯羅]]通往[[利馬]]的商業路線的連接點;這座城市的全名最初是「Nuestra Señora de La Paz」(意為和平聖母),以紀念[[皮萨罗兄弟|貢薩洛·皮薩羅]]和其他征服者起義反對秘魯總督後恢復的和平,在玻利維亞獲得獨立之前,拉巴斯曾作為[[拉普拉塔总督辖区|拉布拉他總督轄區]]的一部分由西班牙殖民統治。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/La-Paz-Bolivia|title=La Paz: National Administrative Capital of Bolivia|website=britannica.com|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924104154/https://www.britannica.com/place/La-Paz-Bolivia|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>自建城以來,這座城市就是無數起義的發源地。1781 年,艾馬拉族領袖和獨立活動家{{link-en|圖帕克·卡塔里|Túpac_Katari}}曾拉巴斯六個月,但最終被擊敗。1809年7月16日,玻利維亞愛國者{{link-en|佩德羅·多明戈·穆里略|Pedro_Domingo_Murillo}}在拉巴斯點燃了獨立革命,標誌著[[西屬美洲獨立戰爭]]的開始,該戰爭最終在1821年結束,並使玻利維亞政在1825年正式從西班牙獨立。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boliviabella.com/history-of-la-paz.html|title=The History of La Paz, Bolivia|website=boliviabella.com|publisher=Bolivia Bella|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901214920/http://www.boliviabella.com/history-of-la-paz.html|archive-date=1 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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作為玻利維亞政府所在地,拉巴斯是總統府的所在地。它也是玻利維亞立法機關、多民族立法議會和眾多政府部門和機構的所在地。玻利維亞的憲法首都蘇克雷則保留司法權。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sucre|title=Sucre: National Constitutional Capital, Bolivia|website=britannica.com|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810203405/https://www.britannica.com/place/Sucre|archive-date=10 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>該市擁有所有外交大使館以及使團。因而成玻利維亞重要的政治、行政、經濟和體育中心;眾多玻利維亞公司和行業的總部也設立於此,並創造了全國24%的[[國內生產總值]]。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.economiabolivia.net/2013/07/24/la-importancia-economica-de-la-paz/|title=La importancia económica de La Paz|website=economiabolivia.net|publisher=Economía Bolivia|language=es|trans-title=The economic importance of La Paz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825232356/http://www.economiabolivia.net/2013/07/24/la-importancia-economica-de-la-paz/ |archive-date=25 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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拉巴斯是拉丁美洲重要的文化中心,保存了幾個屬於殖民時代的建築,如聖佛朗西斯科教堂、拉巴斯大教堂、穆里略廣場等。以及保存了包括[[蒂亞瓦納科]]和印加帝國等考古文明遺跡<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0530_030530_witchdoctors.html|title=The Witches' Market in La Paz, Spells are Hot Sellers|date=30 May 2003|website=news.nationalgeographic.com|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505205200/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0530_030530_witchdoctors.html|archive-date=5 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/nightlife-cities/|title=Top 10 Nightlife Cities|website=travel.nationalgeographic.com|date=22 January 2015|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812134753/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/nightlife-cities/|archive-date=12 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>,拉巴斯也以其獨特的市場(尤其是女巫市場)和充滿活力的夜生活而聞名。其眾多自然景點提供了城市和周圍郊區的獨特景觀。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2015/08/a-bolivian-subway-in-the-sky/400121/|title=A Bolivian Subway in the Sky|date=11 August 2015|website=theatlantic.com|publisher=The Atlantic|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624030737/https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2015/08/a-bolivian-subway-in-the-sky/400121/|archive-date=24 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>依照[[全球化及世界城市研究网络]](GaWC)所公布之《[[世界级城市]]》名单中,拉巴斯等同属于Gamma级别的国际都市。<ref>{{cite|url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC)|title=The World According to GaWC 2020|accessdate=2022-05-31|archive-date=2020-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html}}</ref> |
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==历史== |
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1548年西班牙殖民者发现了拉巴斯当地的印加居民点。1809年在拉巴斯和[[苏克雷]]都发生了反抗西班牙统治者的革命。由于[[奥鲁罗]]锡矿的开采和[[波托西]]银矿的衰落。拉巴斯成为玻利维亚的经济中心,1898年成为玻国政府所在地。 |
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==地理== |
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拉巴斯最初修建在[[乔亚克普河]]峡谷里,现在大多数富裕阶层居住在市中心的河谷地带,中等收入人群居住在周边的山腰,低收入者多住在山上。 |
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====气候==== |
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根据柯本气候分类法,拉巴斯属于罕见的海洋性高地气候。在拉巴斯,夏季多雨,冬季相对干燥,常年比较寒冷。年平均气温与北纬60度的挪威[[卑尔根]]和[[法罗群岛]][[托尔斯港]]接近。 |
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海拔3650米的拉巴斯市中心比海拔约4000米,山上的卫星城[[埃爾阿爾托]]温暖。 |
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{{Weather box |
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|location=[[埃尔阿尔托]], 玻利维亚 ([[埃尔阿尔托国际机场]],海拔 4,058 m) |
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|collapsed= |
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|metric first=yes |
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|single line=yes |
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|Jan record high C = 25.4 |
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|Feb record high C = 22.8 |
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|Mar record high C = 25.1 |
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|Apr record high C = 22.9 |
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|May record high C = 24.0 |
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|Jun record high C = 20.0 |
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|Jul record high C = 23.0 |
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|Aug record high C = 21.0 |
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|Sep record high C = 23.0 |
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|Oct record high C = 23.0 |
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|Nov record high C = 24.2 |
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|Dec record high C = 22.0 |
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|year record high C = 25.4 |
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|Jan high C = 14.3 |
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|Feb high C = 14.3 |
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|Mar high C = 14.2 |
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|Apr high C = 14.4 |
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|May high C = 14.4 |
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|Jun high C = 14.0 |
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|Jul high C = 13.5 |
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|Aug high C = 13.7 |
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|Sep high C = 15.3 |
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|Oct high C = 15.3 |
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|Nov high C = 17.0 |
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|Dec high C = 15.7 |
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|year high C = 15.0 |
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|Jan mean C = 9.3 |
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|Feb mean C = 9.0 |
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|Mar mean C = 8.9 |
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|Apr mean C = 8.8 |
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|May mean C = 8.2 |
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|Jun mean C = 7.3 |
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|Jul mean C = 6.8 |
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|Aug mean C = 8.2 |
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|Sep mean C = 8.7 |
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|Oct mean C = 10.0 |
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|Nov mean C = 10.5 |
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|Dec mean C = 9.7 |
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|year mean C = 8.8 |
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|Jan low C = 4.4 |
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|Feb low C = 4.4 |
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|Mar low C = 3.6 |
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|Apr low C = 1.0 |
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|May low C = -1.9 |
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|Jun low C = −4.3 |
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|Jul low C = −4.4 |
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|Aug low C = −3.0 |
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|Sep low C = -1.0 |
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|Oct low C = 1.5 |
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|Nov low C = 2.1 |
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|Dec low C = 3.6 |
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|year low C = 0.5 |
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|Jan record low C = -3.3 |
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|Feb record low C = -3.3 |
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|Mar record low C = −2.7 |
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|Apr record low C = −4.7 |
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|May record low C = −10.3 |
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|Jun record low C = −12.4 |
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|Jul record low C = −11.9 |
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|Aug record low C = −10.0 |
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|Sep record low C = −10.0 |
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|Oct record low C = −5.4 |
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|Nov record low C = −5.0 |
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|Dec record low C = −2.8 |
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|year record low C = -12.4 |
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|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = 133.7 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = 104.7 |
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|Mar precipitation mm = 71.7 |
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|Apr precipitation mm = 31.7 |
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|May precipitation mm = 14.3 |
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|Jun precipitation mm = 5.1 |
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|Jul precipitation mm = 7.1 |
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|Aug precipitation mm = 15.2 |
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|Sep precipitation mm = 35.5 |
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|Oct precipitation mm = 38.1 |
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|Nov precipitation mm = 50.5 |
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|Dec precipitation mm = 94.9 |
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|year precipitation mm = 602.5 |
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|Jan humidity = 66 |
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|Feb humidity = 72 |
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|Mar humidity = 67 |
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|Apr humidity = 59 |
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|May humidity = 48 |
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|Jun humidity = 42 |
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|Jul humidity = 43 |
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|Aug humidity = 42 |
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|Sep humidity = 48 |
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|Oct humidity = 49 |
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|Nov humidity = 51 |
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|Dec humidity = 60 |
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|year humidity = 54 |
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|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
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|Jan precipitation days = 20.7 |
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|Feb precipitation days = 15.8 |
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|Mar precipitation days = 14.2 |
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|Apr precipitation days = 9.8 |
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|May precipitation days = 3.6 |
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|Jun precipitation days = 2.8 |
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|Jul precipitation days = 2.8 |
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|Aug precipitation days = 5.1 |
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|Sep precipitation days = 8.2 |
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|Oct precipitation days = 10.4 |
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|Nov precipitation days = 11.5 |
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|Dec precipitation days = 15.5 |
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|year precipitation days = 120.3 |
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|Jan snow days = 0.07 |
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|Feb snow days = 0.0 |
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|Mar snow days = 0.0 |
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|Apr snow days = 0.03 |
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|May snow days = 0.0 |
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|Jun snow days = 0.03 |
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|Jul snow days = 0.13 |
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|Aug snow days = 0.67 |
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|Sep snow days = 0.37 |
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|Oct snow days = 0.17 |
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|Nov snow days = 0.17 |
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|Dec snow days = 0.03 |
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|year snow days = 1.67 |
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|Jan sun = 179.8 |
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|Feb sun = 155.4 |
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|Mar sun = 148.8 |
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|Apr sun = 165.0 |
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|May sun = 229.4 |
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|Jun sun = 240.0 |
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|Jul sun = 235.6 |
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|Aug sun = 226.3 |
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|Sep sun = 192.0 |
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|Oct sun = 179.8 |
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|Nov sun = 171.0 |
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|Dec sun = 180.0 |
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|year sun = |
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|Jand sun = 5.8 |
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|Febd sun = 5.5 |
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|Mard sun = 4.8 |
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|Aprd sun = 5.5 |
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|Mayd sun = 7.4 |
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|Jund sun = 8.0 |
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|Juld sun = 7.6 |
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|Augd sun = 7.3 |
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|Sepd sun = 6.4 |
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|Octd sun = 5.8 |
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|Novd sun = 5.7 |
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|Decd sun = 6.0 |
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|yeard sun = 6.3 |
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|source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]],<ref name = DWD>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_852010_kt.pdf |
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| title = Klimatafel von La Paz - El Alto (Int. Flugh.) / Bolivien |
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| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world |
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| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst |
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| language = de |
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| accessdate = January 24, 2016 |
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| archive-date = 2020-02-24 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200224173416/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_852010_kt.pdf |
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| dead-url = no |
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}}</ref> Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia (snowy days 1981–2010)<ref name="SENAMHI">{{cite web |
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| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190921144951/http://senamhi.gob.bo/index.php/sismet |
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| archivedate = 21 September 2019 |
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| url = http://senamhi.gob.bo/index.php/sismet |
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| title = Base de datos Sistema Meteorológico–SISMET |
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| publisher = Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia |
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| language = es |
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| accessdate = 22 September 2019 |
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| url-status = live |
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}}</ref> |
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|source 2 = Meteo Climat (extremes 1942–present)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web |
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| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=75 |
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| title = Station La Paz |
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| publisher = Meteo Climat |
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| language = fr |
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| accessdate = 11 June 2016 |
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| archive-date = 2020-03-29 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200329045129/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=75 |
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| dead-url = no |
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}}</ref> |
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}} |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|location = La Paz (Laikakota Park), elevation: 3,650 m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1945–present) |
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|location = 拉巴斯 |
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|collapsed = |
|collapsed = yes |
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|metric first = yes |
|metric first = yes |
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|single line = yes |
|single line = yes |
||
|Jan record high C = |
|Jan record high C = 26.5 |
||
|Feb record high C = |
|Feb record high C = 25.5 |
||
|Mar record high C = 26 |
|Mar record high C = 26.0 |
||
|Apr record high C = |
|Apr record high C = 25.0 |
||
|May record high C = |
|May record high C = 25.0 |
||
|Jun record high C = 23 |
|Jun record high C = 23.0 |
||
|Jul record high C = |
|Jul record high C = 23.1 |
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|Aug record high C = |
|Aug record high C = 24.3 |
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|Sep record high C = |
|Sep record high C = 26.6 |
||
|Oct record high C = |
|Oct record high C = 26.5 |
||
|Nov record high C = |
|Nov record high C = 27.1 |
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|Dec record high C = |
|Dec record high C = 27.2 |
||
|year record high C = |
|year record high C = 27.2 |
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|Jan high C = |
|Jan high C = 18.5 |
||
|Feb high C = |
|Feb high C = 18.7 |
||
|Mar high C = |
|Mar high C = 18.9 |
||
|Apr high C = |
|Apr high C = 19.2 |
||
|May high C = |
|May high C = 19.1 |
||
|Jun high C = |
|Jun high C = 17.8 |
||
|Jul high C = |
|Jul high C = 17.4 |
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|Aug high C = |
|Aug high C = 18.4 |
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|Sep high C = |
|Sep high C = 19.0 |
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|Oct high C = |
|Oct high C = 19.8 |
||
|Nov high C = |
|Nov high C = 20.4 |
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|Dec high C = |
|Dec high C = 20.0 |
||
|year high C = |
|year high C = 18.9 |
||
|Jan mean C = |
|Jan mean C = 12.9 |
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|Feb mean C = |
|Feb mean C = 13.0 |
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|Mar mean C = |
|Mar mean C = 13.0 |
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|Apr mean C = 7 |
|Apr mean C = 12.7 |
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|May mean C = |
|May mean C = 11.8 |
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|Jun mean C = 5 |
|Jun mean C = 10.5 |
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|Jul mean C = |
|Jul mean C = 10.1 |
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|Aug mean C = |
|Aug mean C = 11.0 |
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|Sep mean C = |
|Sep mean C = 11.9 |
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|Oct mean C = |
|Oct mean C = 13.0 |
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|Nov mean C = |
|Nov mean C = 13.7 |
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|Dec mean C = |
|Dec mean C = 13.7 |
||
|year mean C = |
|year mean C =12.3 |
||
|Jan low C = |
|Jan low C = 7.4 |
||
|Feb low C = 3 |
|Feb low C = 7.3 |
||
|Mar low C = |
|Mar low C = 7.2 |
||
|Apr low C = |
|Apr low C = 6.3 |
||
|May low C = |
|May low C = 4.6 |
||
|Jun low C = |
|Jun low C = 3.3 |
||
|Jul low C = |
|Jul low C = 2.8 |
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|Aug low C = |
|Aug low C = 3.7 |
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|Sep low C = |
|Sep low C = 4.8 |
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|Oct low C = 2 |
|Oct low C = 6.2 |
||
|Nov low C = |
|Nov low C = 7.0 |
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|Dec low C = |
|Dec low C = 7.5 |
||
|year low C = |
|year low C = 5.7 |
||
|Jan record low C = |
|Jan record low C = 1.5 |
||
|Feb record low C = 0 |
|Feb record low C = 2.0 |
||
|Mar record low C = |
|Mar record low C = 1.1 |
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|Apr record low C = |
|Apr record low C = 0.6 |
||
|May record low C = |
|May record low C = -2.0 |
||
|Jun record low C = |
|Jun record low C = -6.0 |
||
|Jul record low C = |
|Jul record low C = -2.8 |
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|Aug record low C = |
|Aug record low C = -5.0 |
||
|Sep record low C = |
|Sep record low C = -0.8 |
||
|Oct record low C = |
|Oct record low C = 0.0 |
||
|Nov record low C = |
|Nov record low C = 0.5 |
||
|Dec record low C = |
|Dec record low C = 1.0 |
||
|year record low C = |
|year record low C = -6.0 |
||
|precipitation colour = green |
|precipitation colour = green |
||
|Jan precipitation mm = |
|Jan precipitation mm = 125.5 |
||
|Feb precipitation mm = |
|Feb precipitation mm = 81.0 |
||
|Mar precipitation mm = |
|Mar precipitation mm = 67.5 |
||
|Apr precipitation mm = |
|Apr precipitation mm = 27.1 |
||
|May precipitation mm = |
|May precipitation mm = 8.9 |
||
|Jun precipitation mm = |
|Jun precipitation mm = 7.9 |
||
|Jul precipitation mm = |
|Jul precipitation mm = 5.3 |
||
|Aug precipitation mm = |
|Aug precipitation mm = 12.1 |
||
|Sep precipitation mm = |
|Sep precipitation mm = 24.5 |
||
|Oct precipitation mm = |
|Oct precipitation mm = 37.8 |
||
|Nov precipitation mm = |
|Nov precipitation mm = 43.9 |
||
|Dec precipitation mm = |
|Dec precipitation mm = 82.3 |
||
| |
|year precipitation mm = 523.8 |
||
|Jan precipitation days = 21 |
|Jan precipitation days = 21.3 |
||
|Feb precipitation days = |
|Feb precipitation days = 17.0 |
||
|Mar precipitation days = |
|Mar precipitation days = 15.4 |
||
|Apr precipitation days = |
|Apr precipitation days = 8.6 |
||
|May precipitation days = 5 |
|May precipitation days = 3.5 |
||
|Jun precipitation days = 2 |
|Jun precipitation days = 2.2 |
||
|Jul precipitation days = 2 |
|Jul precipitation days = 2.1 |
||
|Aug precipitation days = |
|Aug precipitation days = 3.9 |
||
|Sep precipitation days = |
|Sep precipitation days = 6.7 |
||
|Oct precipitation days = |
|Oct precipitation days = 10.7 |
||
|Nov precipitation days = 11 |
|Nov precipitation days = 11.4 |
||
|Dec precipitation days = |
|Dec precipitation days = 16.1 |
||
|year precipitation days = |
|year precipitation days = 119.0 |
||
|Jan |
|Jan humidity = 72.0 |
||
|Feb |
|Feb humidity = 72.2 |
||
|Mar |
|Mar humidity = 70.5 |
||
|Apr |
|Apr humidity = 66.2 |
||
|May |
|May humidity = 54.8 |
||
|Jun |
|Jun humidity = 48.3 |
||
|Jul |
|Jul humidity = 50.4 |
||
|Aug |
|Aug humidity = 52.0 |
||
|Sep |
|Sep humidity = 58.1 |
||
|Oct |
|Oct humidity = 56.5 |
||
|Nov |
|Nov humidity = 58.8 |
||
|Dec |
|Dec humidity = 64.3 |
||
|year |
|year humidity = 60.0 |
||
<!-- based on the data taken from Insolacion Total (Hrs/sol).--> |
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|source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name="weather1">{{cite web |
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|Jan sun = 145.4 |
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| url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=10258&refer=&units=metric | title =Historical weather for La Paz, Bolivia| accessdate =January 2011 |
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|Feb sun = 158.4 |
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| publisher =Weatherbase }}</ref> |
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|Mar sun = 167.9 |
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|date=2011年1月 |
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|Apr sun = 187.6 |
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|source 2= BBC Weather (sunshine,and precipitation data only).<ref name="BBC weather">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3911925 BBC Weather:La Paz], BBC. Retrieved May 19, 2012.</ref> |
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|May sun = 245.7 |
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|Jun sun = 238.3 |
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|Jul sun = 240.9 |
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|Aug sun = 250.1 |
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|Sep sun = 232.0 |
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|Oct sun = 215.5 |
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|Nov sun = 181.5 |
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|Dec sun = 171.2 |
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|year sun = |
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<!-- based on the data taken from Insolacion Media (Hrs/sol).--> |
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|Jand sun = 5.0 |
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|Febd sun = 5.9 |
|||
|Mard sun = 5.9 |
|||
|Aprd sun = 6.6 |
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|Mayd sun = 8.2 |
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|Jund sun = 8.2 |
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|Juld sun = 8.8 |
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|Augd sun = 8.5 |
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|Sepd sun = 8.2 |
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|Octd sun = 7.4 |
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|Novd sun = 6.8 |
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|Decd sun = 6.0 |
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|yeard sun = |
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|source 1 = Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia<ref name="SENAMHI"/> |
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|date = July 2019 |
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}} |
}} |
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==旅游景点== |
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== 经济 == |
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*[[圣佩德罗监狱]],该监狱是拉巴斯市著名的旅游景点,那裡的犯人除了不可以出监狱外,可以在监狱里从事各种活动,甚至制造[[毒品]]。 |
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在20世纪80至90年代玻利维亚经历了经济衰退。由于玻国近年政治比较稳定,拉巴斯经济发展较快。 |
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*[[穆里略广场]],广场中央的铜像是南美争取民族独立的先驱者佩德罗·多明戈·穆里略,广场附近是玻利维亚政府机构和国会大厦。 |
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拉巴斯是该国的制造业中心,矿物采掘也占据了经济的重要部分。近年该国经济重心逐渐向东部气候更加温暖的[[圣克鲁斯 (玻利维亚)|圣克鲁斯]]转移。 |
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== 教育 == |
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== 交通 == |
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*{{link-en|拉巴斯–埃爾阿爾托纜車|Mi Teleférico}},世界最大的纜車大眾運輸系統。 |
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== 姐妹市 == |
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
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*{{PRY}} [[亞松森]] |
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*{{COL}} [[波哥大]] |
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*{{GER}} [[波恩]] |
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*{{URY}} 卡内洛内斯 |
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*{{CUB}} [[哈瓦那]] |
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*{{VEN}} [[解放者玻利瓦爾市]] |
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*{{URY}} [[蒙特維多]] |
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*{{RUS}} [[莫斯科]] |
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*{{ECU}} [[基多]] |
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*{{BRA}} [[里約熱內盧]] |
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*{{BRA}} [[聖保羅 (巴西)|聖保羅]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Cidades-Irmãs de São Paulo|url=https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/assuntos_internacionais/index.php?p=146728|website=prefeitura.sp.gov.br|publisher=São Paulo|language=pt|access-date=2021-12-14|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601012319/https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/assuntos_internacionais/index.php?p=146728}}</ref> |
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*{{ESP}} [[萨拉戈萨]] |
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*{{ROC-TW}}[[台北]]<ref>{{cite web|title=International Sister Cities|url=https://www.tcc.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=13702|website=tcc.gov.tw|publisher=Taipei City Council|access-date=2021-12-14|archive-date=2022-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621183320/https://www.tcc.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=13702}}</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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== 觀光景点 == |
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*[[聖佩德羅監獄]],該監獄是拉巴斯市著名的旅遊景點,那裡的犯人除了不可出監獄外,可以在監獄裡從事各種活動,甚至製造[[毒品]]。 |
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*[[穆里略廣場]],廣場中央的銅像是南美爭取民族獨立的先驅者佩德羅·多明戈·穆里略,廣場附近是玻利維亞政府機構和國會大廈。 |
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==参考资料== |
==参考资料== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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==外部連結== |
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{{Commonscat|La Paz, Bolivia}} |
{{Commonscat|La Paz, Bolivia}} |
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* {{Official website}} {{es icon}} |
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* {{Osmrelation}} |
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{{南美洲首都}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:拉巴斯]] |
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[[Category:南美洲首都]] |
[[Category:南美洲首都]] |
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[[Category:玻利維亞的世界之最]] |
[[Category:玻利維亞的世界之最]] |
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8. 南美歡迎您, Bienvenidos! / 南美任您闖,Vamos!(II) 星島出版社 |
2024年10月20日 (日) 12:04的最新版本
此條目需要擴充。 (2015年1月26日) |
拉巴斯 La Paz Chuqi Yapu Marka (艾瑪拉語) Chuqiyapu (奇楚瓦語) | |
---|---|
城市 | |
拉巴斯-德阿亚库乔 La Paz de Ayacucho | |
| |
格言:"Los discordes en concordia, en paz y amor se juntaron y pueblo de paz fundaron para perpetua memoria" | |
坐标:16°29′45″S 68°08′00″W / 16.4958°S 68.1333°W | |
國家 | 玻利维亚 |
省 | 拉巴斯省 |
县 | 穆里约县 |
建立 | 1548年10月20日 |
獨立 | 1809年7月16日 |
創始人 | 阿隆索·德·門多薩 |
政府 | |
• 市長 | Luis A. Revilla Herrero [1] |
面积 | |
• 城市 | 472 平方公里(182 平方英里) |
• 市區 | 3,240 平方公里(1,250 平方英里) |
海拔 | 3,640 公尺(11,942 英尺) |
人口(2020人口普查) | |
• 城市 | 766,468[3]人 |
• 密度 | 1,624人/平方公里(4,206人/平方英里) |
• 都會區 | 816,044[2] |
时区 | BOT(UTC−4) |
電話區號 | 2 |
HDI (2010) | 0.672 – high[4] |
網站 | www.lapaz.bo |
拉巴斯(西班牙語:Nuestra Señora de La Paz /lɑː ˈpɑːz/[5])在西班牙語意為「和平圣母之城」[6],是南美洲國家玻利維亞的政府所在地和實際上的首都(該國法定首都為蘇克雷),截至2020年,估計有 816,044 名人口居住於此,拉巴斯是玻利維亞人口第三多的城市。其大都市區由拉巴斯、埃爾阿爾托、阿喬卡拉、維亞查和梅卡帕卡組成,是玻利維亞人口第二多的都市,人口約200萬,僅次於圣克鲁斯-德拉谢拉。擁有230萬人口。它也是拉巴斯省的首府。
拉巴斯位於玻利維亞中西部,玻利維亞高原東部,阿爾蒂普拉諾高原上的一個山谷中,濱临拉巴斯河,西距的的喀喀湖約55公里,西與秘魯和智利接壤,西南為高原,東南為山地,東部是熱帶河谷,北部是亞馬孫河流域邊緣的雨林帶,拉巴斯河流經城內。由於城市海拔約3640公尺,使得其也是全世界海拔最高的首都,市气候属于温带山地气候,年平气温7℃。[7]該城的地形是一個盆地,盆地的正中央為商業區和政府機關所在,也由於盆地地型的關係,造成都市交通的壅塞。近年來政府於都市中建立多條高空纜車,以解決交通壅塞的問題。在城南則能眺望远处的伊宜馬尼峰。
拉巴斯於1548年10月20日由西班牙征服者阿隆索·德·門多薩上尉在印加人定居點拉哈的遺址上建立,作為從波托西和奧魯羅通往利馬的商業路線的連接點;這座城市的全名最初是「Nuestra Señora de La Paz」(意為和平聖母),以紀念貢薩洛·皮薩羅和其他征服者起義反對秘魯總督後恢復的和平,在玻利維亞獲得獨立之前,拉巴斯曾作為拉布拉他總督轄區的一部分由西班牙殖民統治。[8]自建城以來,這座城市就是無數起義的發源地。1781 年,艾馬拉族領袖和獨立活動家圖帕克·卡塔里曾拉巴斯六個月,但最終被擊敗。1809年7月16日,玻利維亞愛國者佩德羅·多明戈·穆里略在拉巴斯點燃了獨立革命,標誌著西屬美洲獨立戰爭的開始,該戰爭最終在1821年結束,並使玻利維亞政在1825年正式從西班牙獨立。[9]
作為玻利維亞政府所在地,拉巴斯是總統府的所在地。它也是玻利維亞立法機關、多民族立法議會和眾多政府部門和機構的所在地。玻利維亞的憲法首都蘇克雷則保留司法權。[10]該市擁有所有外交大使館以及使團。因而成玻利維亞重要的政治、行政、經濟和體育中心;眾多玻利維亞公司和行業的總部也設立於此,並創造了全國24%的國內生產總值。[11]
拉巴斯是拉丁美洲重要的文化中心,保存了幾個屬於殖民時代的建築,如聖佛朗西斯科教堂、拉巴斯大教堂、穆里略廣場等。以及保存了包括蒂亞瓦納科和印加帝國等考古文明遺跡[12][13],拉巴斯也以其獨特的市場(尤其是女巫市場)和充滿活力的夜生活而聞名。其眾多自然景點提供了城市和周圍郊區的獨特景觀。[14]依照全球化及世界城市研究网络(GaWC)所公布之《世界级城市》名单中,拉巴斯等同属于Gamma级别的国际都市。[15]
历史
[编辑]1548年西班牙殖民者发现了拉巴斯当地的印加居民点。1809年在拉巴斯和苏克雷都发生了反抗西班牙统治者的革命。由于奥鲁罗锡矿的开采和波托西银矿的衰落。拉巴斯成为玻利维亚的经济中心,1898年成为玻国政府所在地。
地理
[编辑]拉巴斯最初修建在乔亚克普河峡谷里,现在大多数富裕阶层居住在市中心的河谷地带,中等收入人群居住在周边的山腰,低收入者多住在山上。
气候
[编辑]根据柯本气候分类法,拉巴斯属于罕见的海洋性高地气候。在拉巴斯,夏季多雨,冬季相对干燥,常年比较寒冷。年平均气温与北纬60度的挪威卑尔根和法罗群岛托尔斯港接近。 海拔3650米的拉巴斯市中心比海拔约4000米,山上的卫星城埃爾阿爾托温暖。
埃尔阿尔托, 玻利维亚 (埃尔阿尔托国际机场,海拔 4,058 m) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
月份 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 全年 |
历史最高温 °C(°F) | 25.4 (77.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
平均高温 °C(°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
日均气温 °C(°F) | 9.3 (48.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
7.3 (45.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
平均低温 °C(°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−3 (27) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.5 (34.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.5 (32.9) |
历史最低温 °C(°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−10 (14) |
−10 (14) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−5 (23) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
平均降水量 mm(英寸) | 133.7 (5.26) |
104.7 (4.12) |
71.7 (2.82) |
31.7 (1.25) |
14.3 (0.56) |
5.1 (0.20) |
7.1 (0.28) |
15.2 (0.60) |
35.5 (1.40) |
38.1 (1.50) |
50.5 (1.99) |
94.9 (3.74) |
602.5 (23.72) |
平均降水天数(≥ 0.1 mm) | 20.7 | 15.8 | 14.2 | 9.8 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 15.5 | 120.3 |
平均降雪天数 | 0.07 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.67 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 1.67 |
平均相對濕度(%) | 66 | 72 | 67 | 59 | 48 | 42 | 43 | 42 | 48 | 49 | 51 | 60 | 54 |
月均日照時數 | 179.8 | 155.4 | 148.8 | 165.0 | 229.4 | 240.0 | 235.6 | 226.3 | 192.0 | 179.8 | 171.0 | 180.0 | 2,303.1 |
日均日照時數 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.3 |
数据来源1:Deutscher Wetterdienst,[16] Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia (snowy days 1981–2010)[17] | |||||||||||||
数据来源2:Meteo Climat (extremes 1942–present)[18] |
La Paz (Laikakota Park), elevation: 3,650 m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1945–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
月份 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 全年 |
历史最高温 °C(°F) | 26.5 (79.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
平均高温 °C(°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
日均气温 °C(°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
平均低温 °C(°F) | 7.4 (45.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
6.3 (43.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
3.7 (38.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
历史最低温 °C(°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
2.0 (35.6) |
1.1 (34.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
平均降水量 mm(英寸) | 125.5 (4.94) |
81.0 (3.19) |
67.5 (2.66) |
27.1 (1.07) |
8.9 (0.35) |
7.9 (0.31) |
5.3 (0.21) |
12.1 (0.48) |
24.5 (0.96) |
37.8 (1.49) |
43.9 (1.73) |
82.3 (3.24) |
523.8 (20.62) |
平均降水天数 | 21.3 | 17.0 | 15.4 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 16.1 | 119.0 |
平均相對濕度(%) | 72.0 | 72.2 | 70.5 | 66.2 | 54.8 | 48.3 | 50.4 | 52.0 | 58.1 | 56.5 | 58.8 | 64.3 | 60.0 |
月均日照時數 | 145.4 | 158.4 | 167.9 | 187.6 | 245.7 | 238.3 | 240.9 | 250.1 | 232.0 | 215.5 | 181.5 | 171.2 | 2,434.5 |
日均日照時數 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 7.1 |
数据来源:Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia[17] |
经济
[编辑]在20世纪80至90年代玻利维亚经历了经济衰退。由于玻国近年政治比较稳定,拉巴斯经济发展较快。 拉巴斯是该国的制造业中心,矿物采掘也占据了经济的重要部分。近年该国经济重心逐渐向东部气候更加温暖的圣克鲁斯转移。
教育
[编辑]交通
[编辑]- 拉巴斯–埃爾阿爾托纜車,世界最大的纜車大眾運輸系統。
姐妹市
[编辑]觀光景点
[编辑]- 穆里略廣場,廣場中央的銅像是南美爭取民族獨立的先驅者佩德羅·多明戈·穆里略,廣場附近是玻利維亞政府機構和國會大廈。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ ¿Quién es Luis Revilla?. Luchoporlapaz.com. [2010-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-16).
- ^ Results of the 2012 Population and Housing Census (in Spanish). [5 September 2020]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-07).
- ^ BOLIVIA: PROYECCIONES DE POBLACIÓN, SEGÚN DEPARTAMENTO Y MUNICIPIO, 2012–2020 (in Spanish). [5 September 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-18).
- ^ W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Overview – Bolivia: La Paz – El Alto. [2012-04-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-13).
- ^ La Paz. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. n.d. [8 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于15 October 2014).
- ^ Morales, Salustiano Ayma. Aymara aru thakhinchawi (PDF). La Paz, Bolivia: Arcus Industria Gráfica for the Ministry of Education. 2011: 25. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于26 February 2016) (艾马拉语).
- ^ 存档副本. [2010-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-30).
- ^ La Paz: National Administrative Capital of Bolivia. britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. [14 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于24 September 2016).
- ^ The History of La Paz, Bolivia. boliviabella.com. Bolivia Bella. [14 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于1 September 2016).
- ^ Sucre: National Constitutional Capital, Bolivia. britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. [14 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于10 August 2016).
- ^ La importancia económica de La Paz [The economic importance of La Paz]. economiabolivia.net. Economía Bolivia. (原始内容存档于25 August 2016) (西班牙语).
- ^ The Witches' Market in La Paz, Spells are Hot Sellers. news.nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. 30 May 2003 [14 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 May 2018).
- ^ Top 10 Nightlife Cities. travel.nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. 22 January 2015 [14 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于12 August 2016).
- ^ A Bolivian Subway in the Sky. theatlantic.com. The Atlantic. 11 August 2015 [14 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于24 June 2017).
- ^ The World According to GaWC 2020, Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC), [2022-05-31], (原始内容存档于2020-08-24)
- ^ Klimatafel von La Paz - El Alto (Int. Flugh.) / Bolivien (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst. [January 24, 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-24) (德语).
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Base de datos Sistema Meteorológico–SISMET. Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia. [22 September 2019]. (原始内容存档于21 September 2019) (西班牙语).
- ^ Station La Paz. Meteo Climat. [11 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-03-29) (法语).
- ^ Cidades-Irmãs de São Paulo. prefeitura.sp.gov.br. São Paulo. [2021-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-01) (葡萄牙语).
- ^ International Sister Cities. tcc.gov.tw. Taipei City Council. [2021-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-21).
外部連結
[编辑]- 官方网站 (西班牙文)
- OpenStreetMap上有關拉巴斯的地理信息