跳转到内容

海王星导弹：修订间差异

维基百科，自由的百科全书
以互动方式浏览历史
←上一版本
删除的内容 添加的内容
可视化wikitext
Fixed typo
标签：移动版编辑 移动应用程序编辑 iOS应用编辑
无编辑摘要
 
（未显示9个用户的15个中间版本）
第1行： 第1行：
{{distinguish|海王星岸舰导弹系统}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile = yes
| is_missile = yes
| image = [[File:Neptune R-360 missile, Kyiv 2021, 05.jpg|300px]]<br />[[File:Lancement d'un missile antinavire Neptune.png|300px]]
| image = [[File:Neptune R-360 missile, Kyiv 2021, 05.jpg|300px]]<br />
| used_by = [[乌克兰海军]]
| used_by = [[乌克兰海军]]
| wars =
| wars =
[[2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]
[[2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]
*[[蛇島戰役]]
*[[蛇島戰役]]
*[[莫斯科號巡洋艦沉沒]]
| designer = “射线”设计局<ref name = "Military-Today">{{cite web | title = Neptun anti-ship cruise missile | url = https://www.military-today.com/missiles/neptun.htm | work = Military-Today.com | access-date = 2022-04-14 | archive-date = 2022-04-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220414022945/https://www.military-today.com/missiles/neptun.htm }}</ref>
| designer = [[射线设计局]]<ref name = "Military-Today">{{cite web | title = Neptun anti-ship cruise missile | url = https://www.military-today.com/missiles/neptun.htm | work = Military-Today.com | access-date = 2022-04-14 | archive-date = 2022-04-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220414022945/https://www.military-today.com/missiles/neptun.htm }}</ref>
| design_date =
| design_date =
| manufacturer =
| manufacturer =
第18行： 第20行：
}}
}}
[[File:Мобільний комплекс крилатих ракет Нептун готується до нових випробувань, - Олександр Турчинов.webm|thumb|海王星反艦飛彈的發射影片]]
[[File:Мобільний комплекс крилатих ракет Нептун готується до нових випробувань, - Олександр Турчинов.webm|thumb|海王星反艦飛彈的發射影片]]
'''<big>海王星</big>'''（{{Lang-uk|Р-360 «Нептун»|translit=R-360 "Neptun"}} ）是[[乌克兰]]{{le|射线特种设计局|Luch Design Bureau}}研制的[[反艦飛彈|反舰]][[巡航导弹]]。其设计基于苏联的[[Kh-35导弹|Kh-35「天王星」反舰导弹]]，将其射程和电子设备大幅改进<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine Is Building Anti-Ship Missiles (In Part Thanks to Russia)|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraine-building-anti-ship-missiles-part-thanks-russia-43532|access-date=2019-04-10|author=Episkopos|date=2019-02-06|first=Mark|work=The National Interest|language=en|archive-date=2019-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410043021/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraine-building-anti-ship-missiles-part-thanks-russia-43532}}</ref>。该系统旨在摧毁在舰队或独自行动中的排水量至5,000 吨的水面战舰和运输船。该系统自2021年3月起在[[烏克蘭海軍|乌克兰海军]]服役<ref name="first-neptune-cruise-missile">{{Cite web|title=Ukraine's navy acquires first Neptune cruise missiles|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-navy-acquires-first-neptune-cruise-missiles.html?cn-reloaded=1|access-date=March 15, 2021|author=Ponomarenko|date=March 15, 2021|first=Illia|work=[[KyivPost|kyivpost.com]]|archive-date=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406210657/https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-navy-acquires-first-neptune-cruise-missiles.html?cn-reloaded=1}}</ref>。
'''海王星'''（{{Lang-uk|Р-360 «Нептун»|translit=R-360 "Neptun"}} ）是[[乌克兰]][[射线设计局]]研制的[[反艦飛彈|反舰]][[巡航导弹]]。其设计基于苏联的[[Kh-35导弹|Kh-35「天王星」反舰导弹]]，将其射程和电子设备大幅改进<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine Is Building Anti-Ship Missiles (In Part Thanks to Russia)|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraine-building-anti-ship-missiles-part-thanks-russia-43532|access-date=2019-04-10|author=Episkopos|date=2019-02-06|first=Mark|work=The National Interest|language=en|archive-date=2019-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410043021/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraine-building-anti-ship-missiles-part-thanks-russia-43532}}</ref>。该系统旨在摧毁排水量5000吨级别的水面舰艇。2021年3月起在[[烏克蘭海軍]]服役<ref name="first-neptune-cruise-missile">{{Cite web|title=Ukraine's navy acquires first Neptune cruise missiles|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-navy-acquires-first-neptune-cruise-missiles.html?cn-reloaded=1|access-date=March 15, 2021|author=Ponomarenko|date=March 15, 2021|first=Illia|work=[[KyivPost|kyivpost.com]]|archive-date=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406210657/https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-navy-acquires-first-neptune-cruise-missiles.html?cn-reloaded=1}}</ref>。


==戰績==
==戰績==
{{see|莫斯科號巡洋艦沉沒}}
⚫
2022年4月13日，在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭|俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]期间，乌克兰称俄罗斯排水量12,490公噸的[[莫斯科號飛彈巡洋艦|莫斯科号]][[巡洋舰]]被两枚海王星导弹击中，导致其舰载弹药爆炸<ref name="ukrinformhits">{{Cite web|title=Ukrainian military hits Russian cruiser by Neptune missiles|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html|access-date=2022-04-13|work=www.ukrinform.net|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413201817/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html}}</ref><ref name="tassfire">{{Cite news|date=13 Apr 2022|title=A fire broke out on the missile cruiser Moskva|work=TASS|url=https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/14372453|accessdate=13 Apr 2022|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414202357/https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/14372453}}</ref><ref name="ria.ru22">{{Cite web|title=На ракетном крейсере "Москва" в результате пожара сдетонировал боезапас|url=https://ria.ru/20220414/kreyser-1783435471.html|access-date=2022-04-13|author=Новости|date=2022-04-14|first=Р. И. А.|work=РИА Новости|language=ru|trans-title=Ammunition on the missile cruiser "Moscow" detonated as a result of a fire|archive-date=2022-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413232836/https://ria.ru/20220414/kreyser-1783435471.html}}</ref>。俄罗斯国防部表示，弹药库爆炸是由于一场大火导致（並未說明起火原因），該艦仍在漂浮但船員已全部撤离<ref name="ammunition explosion">{{Cite web|title=Russia Says Major Ship in Black Sea Fleet Badly Damaged in Blast - Interfax|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-04-13/russia-says-major-ship-in-black-sea-fleet-badly-damaged-in-blast-interfax|access-date=April 13, 2022|date=April 13, 2022|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414002231/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-04-13/russia-says-major-ship-in-black-sea-fleet-badly-damaged-in-blast-interfax}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Russian warship Moskva: What do we know?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61103927|publisher=BBC|date=April 14, 2022|accessdate=2022-04-14|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414080748/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61103927}}</ref>；翌日俄方再度公佈該艦已於拖救過程中「因風暴」沈沒。但是時黑海上僅有3～4級的和風，且並無大浪。
2022年4月3日，在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭|俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]期间，乌克兰方面声称俄罗斯[[护卫舰]]“艾辛”号被乌克兰部队损伤。<ref>{{cite web|date=3 April 2022|title=Украинские защитники повредили российский ракетный фрегат|url=https://dumskaya.net/news/ukrainskie-zashchitniki-povredili-rossiyskiy-fre-162480/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403201328/https://dumskaya.net/news/ukrainskie-zashchitniki-povredili-rossiyskiy-fre-162480/|archive-date=3 April 2022|access-date=18 April 2022|website=Dumskaya|language=ru}}</ref>后来，[[乌克兰总统办公室]]顾问[[阿列克谢·阿列斯托维奇|阿列克謝·阿列斯托維奇]]澄清说，“艾辛”号是被海王星导弹击中。俄方没有评论这一说法，这艘舰船继续正常执勤。<ref>{{cite news|last1=Harding|first1=Luke|author-link1=Luke Harding|last2=Sauer|first2=Pjotr|last3=Borger|first3=Julian|author-link3=Julian Borger|last4=Elgot|first4=Jessica|date=15 April 2022|title=Russia's Moskva cruiser sinks following Ukrainian claim of missile strike|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/14/russia-moskva-cruiser-sunk-stormy-seas-defense-ministry|access-date=16 April 2022|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414202148/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/14/russia-moskva-cruiser-sunk-stormy-seas-defense-ministry|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Hambling|first=David|date=14 April 2022|title=Ukraine's Bayraktar Drone Helped Sink Russian Flagship Moskva|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2022/04/14/ukraines-bayraktar-drones-helped-destroy-russian-flagship/|magazine=[[Forbes]]|access-date=16 April 2022|archive-date=2022-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603133457/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2022/04/14/ukraines-bayraktar-drones-helped-destroy-russian-flagship/|dead-url=no}}</ref>


⚫
2022年4月13日，在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭|俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]期间，乌克兰称俄罗斯排水量12,490公噸的[[莫斯科號飛彈巡洋艦]]被两枚海王星导弹击中，导致其舰载弹药爆炸<ref name="ukrinformhits">{{Cite web|title=Ukrainian military hits Russian cruiser by Neptune missiles|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html|access-date=2022-04-13|work=www.ukrinform.net|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413201817/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html}}</ref><ref name="tassfire">{{Cite news|date=13 Apr 2022|title=A fire broke out on the missile cruiser Moskva|work=TASS|url=https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/14372453|accessdate=13 Apr 2022|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414202357/https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/14372453}}</ref><ref name="ria.ru22">{{Cite web|title=На ракетном крейсере "Москва" в результате пожара сдетонировал боезапас|url=https://ria.ru/20220414/kreyser-1783435471.html|access-date=2022-04-13|author=Новости|date=2022-04-14|first=Р. И. А.|work=РИА Новости|language=ru|trans-title=Ammunition on the missile cruiser "Moscow" detonated as a result of a fire|archive-date=2022-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413232836/https://ria.ru/20220414/kreyser-1783435471.html}}</ref>。俄罗斯国防部表示，弹药库爆炸是由于一场大火导致（未說明起火原因），該艦仍在漂浮但船員已全部撤离<ref name="ammunition explosion">{{Cite web|title=Russia Says Major Ship in Black Sea Fleet Badly Damaged in Blast - Interfax|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-04-13/russia-says-major-ship-in-black-sea-fleet-badly-damaged-in-blast-interfax|access-date=April 13, 2022|date=April 13, 2022|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414002231/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-04-13/russia-says-major-ship-in-black-sea-fleet-badly-damaged-in-blast-interfax}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Russian warship Moskva: What do we know?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61103927|publisher=BBC|date=April 14, 2022|accessdate=2022-04-14|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414080748/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61103927}}</ref>；翌日俄方再度公佈該艦已於拖救過程中「因風暴」沈沒。但是時黑海上僅有3～4級的和風，且並無大浪。
⚫
2022年5月6日，[[馬卡洛夫海軍上將號巡防艦]]在[[黑海]]海域起火。<ref>[https://ukranews.com/en/news/855144-russian-frigate-on-fire-in-black-sea-near-zmiinyi-media Russian frigate On Fire In Black Sea Near Zmiinyi] {{Wayback|url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/855144-russian-frigate-on-fire-in-black-sea-near-zmiinyi-media |date=20220506132915 }}, 6 May 2022</ref><ref>[https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/05/06/russian-navy-warship-admiral-makarov-reportedly-sunk-by-ukrainian-missiles/ Russian Navy warship Admiral Makarov reportedly sunk by Ukrainian missiles] {{Wayback|url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/05/06/russian-navy-warship-admiral-makarov-reportedly-sunk-by-ukrainian-missiles/ |date=20220506142855 }}, EuroWeekly, 6 May 2022.</ref> 烏克蘭軍方稱，馬卡洛夫海軍上將號巡防艦是被海王星飛彈擊中，烏克蘭國家新聞網站Dumskaya稱，俄羅斯軍隊已派出直升機營救船上的船員。<ref name="ukind20220506">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ship-admiral-makarov-ukraine-war-b2073007.html Russian warship Admiral Makarov ‘on fire after being hit by Ukrainian missile’] {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ship-admiral-makarov-ukraine-war-b2073007.html |date=2022-05-07 }}, UK Independent, 6 May 2022.</ref>烏克蘭總統辦公室顧問[[阿列克謝·阿列斯托維奇]]5月7日稱報導是“誤會”，在蛇島附近遇襲的艦艇實際上是{{le|塞爾納級登陸艇|Serna-class landing craft}}。<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-05-07 |title=Арестович опроверг слухи о потоплении российского фрегата "Адмирал Макаров" |url=https://news.liga.net/politics/news/arestovich-oproverg-sluhi-o-potoplenii-rossiyskogo-fregata-admiral-makarov |website=LIGA.net |language=ru |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510143718/https://news.liga.net/politics/news/arestovich-oproverg-sluhi-o-potoplenii-rossiyskogo-fregata-admiral-makarov }}</ref>

⚫
2022年5月6日，[[马卡洛夫海军上将号巡防舰|馬卡洛夫海軍上將號巡防艦]]在[[黑海]]海域起火。<ref>[https://ukranews.com/en/news/855144-russian-frigate-on-fire-in-black-sea-near-zmiinyi-media Russian frigate On Fire In Black Sea Near Zmiinyi] {{Wayback|url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/855144-russian-frigate-on-fire-in-black-sea-near-zmiinyi-media |date=20220506132915 }}, 6 May 2022</ref><ref>[https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/05/06/russian-navy-warship-admiral-makarov-reportedly-sunk-by-ukrainian-missiles/ Russian Navy warship Admiral Makarov reportedly sunk by Ukrainian missiles] {{Wayback|url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/05/06/russian-navy-warship-admiral-makarov-reportedly-sunk-by-ukrainian-missiles/ |date=20220506142855 }}, EuroWeekly, 6 May 2022.</ref>烏克蘭軍方稱，馬卡洛夫海軍上將號巡防艦是被海王星飛彈擊中，烏克蘭國家新聞網站Dumskaya稱，俄羅斯軍隊已派出直升機營救船上的船員。<ref name="ukind20220506">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ship-admiral-makarov-ukraine-war-b2073007.html Russian warship Admiral Makarov ‘on fire after being hit by Ukrainian missile’] {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ship-admiral-makarov-ukraine-war-b2073007.html |date=2022-05-07 }}, UK Independent, 6 May 2022.</ref>烏克蘭總統辦公室顧問[[阿列克谢·阿列斯托维奇|阿列克謝·阿列斯托維奇]]5月7日稱報導是“誤會”，在蛇島附近遇襲的艦艇實際上是{{le|塞爾納級登陸艇|Serna-class landing craft}}。<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-05-07 |title=Арестович опроверг слухи о потоплении российского фрегата "Адмирал Макаров" |url=https://news.liga.net/politics/news/arestovich-oproverg-sluhi-o-potoplenii-rossiyskogo-fregata-admiral-makarov |website=LIGA.net |language=ru |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510143718/https://news.liga.net/politics/news/arestovich-oproverg-sluhi-o-potoplenii-rossiyskogo-fregata-admiral-makarov }}</ref>

[[地对地导弹|陆攻型]]海王星导弹也在设计中，即将完成。目前，海王星导弹用于打击海上目标。根据一位乌克兰官员的说法：“乌克兰正在修改海王星导弹以打击陆地目标，需要一个新制导/寻标系统，但乌克兰人正在努力，一旦我们得到它，海王星导弹可以打击360公里范围内的目标。我们已经相当接近了。”<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ALTMAN|first1=Howard|date=2023-04-14|title=Ukraine Situation Report: Official Hints At New Weapons To Be Unleashed On Crimea|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-official-hints-at-new-weapons-to-be-unleashed-on-crimea|access-date=2023-04-14|website=the Drive|language=en|archive-date=2023-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905063908/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-official-hints-at-new-weapons-to-be-unleashed-on-crimea|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2023年8月23日，根据乌克兰媒体报道，一枚改装的对地型海王星导弹被用来摧毁2016年就部署在[[克里米亚]]塔尔汗库特海岬自的一个[[S-400导弹|S-400防空系统]]。<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Axe|first1=David|date=2023-08-25|title=To Blow Up Russia’s S-400 Battery In Crimea, Ukraine Tweaked Its Cruiser-Sinking Neptune Missile|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/25/to-blow-up-russias-s-400-battery-in-crimea-ukraine-tweaked-its-cruiser-sinking-neptune-missile/?sh=b4b65b357d3d|access-date=2023-08-26|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925211941/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/25/to-blow-up-russias-s-400-battery-in-crimea-ukraine-tweaked-its-cruiser-sinking-neptune-missile/?sh=b4b65b357d3d|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-25|title=Neptune anti-ship missile struck Russian S-400 radar in Crimea — report|url=https://news.yahoo.com/neptune-anti-ship-missile-struck-220700426.html|access-date=2023-08-26|website=News Yahoo!|language=en|archive-date=2023-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826103009/https://news.yahoo.com/neptune-anti-ship-missile-struck-220700426.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 设计 ==
在部署时，海王星岸防系统包括一辆基于卡车的 USPU-360 机动发射器、4枚导弹、一辆 TZM-360 运输/装填车、一辆 RCP-360 [[指揮及控制中心|指挥控制]]车以及一辆特种货车。原型车改为采用[[捷克]][[太脱拉815|Tatra T815-7]]卡车。该系统设计用于在距离海岸线 25（16 英里）的内陆部署。<ref name="first-neptune-cruise-missile2">{{cite news|last=Ponomarenko|first=Illia|author-link=Illia Ponomarenko|date=15 March 2021|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-navy-acquires-first-neptune-cruise-missiles.html|title=Ukraine's navy acquires first Neptune cruise missiles|work=[[Kyiv Post]]|access-date=March 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315185842/https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-navy-acquires-first-neptune-cruise-missiles.html|archive-date=2021-03-15|url-status=dead|quote=The first training missile division joined the navy’s only artillery brigade on March 15, as part of the formation’s newly-created coastal defense missile battalion.}}</ref>

海王星导弹（包括火箭发动机）长 5.05 米，配置有一个十字形硬翼。海王星 "导弹设计安装在尺寸为 5.30×0.60×0.60 米的运输和发射集装箱（TLC）中。该系统的最大射程约为 300 公里。<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-08-17|script-title=uk:Нептун успішно вразив морську ціль|trans-title=Neptune successfully hit a naval target|url=https://mil.in.ua/neptun-uspishno-vrazyv-morsku-cil/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817193254/https://mil.in.ua/neptun-uspishno-vrazyv-morsku-cil/|archive-date=2018-08-17|access-date=2018-08-17|website=[[Ukrainian Military Portal]]|language=uk}}</ref><ref name="LUCH, State Kyiv Design Bureau">{{cite web|title=LUCH, State Kyiv Design Bureau|url=https://www.luch.kiev.ua/images/data/en/LuchEn.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105163752/https://www.luch.kiev.ua/images/data/en/LuchEn.pdf|archive-date=5 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020|publisher=State Kyiv Design Bureau, LUCH}}</ref> 单枚导弹重 870 千克，其中弹头重 150 千克。<ref name="first-neptune-cruise-missile2" />它使用[[推力重量比|推重比]]很高的[[马达西奇公司|马达西奇]] MS-400 发动机。<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pavlenko |first1=Dmytro |last2=Dvirnyk |first2=Yaroslav |last3=Przysowa |first3=Radoslaw |date=22 December 2022 |title=Advanced Materials and Technologies for Compressor Blades of Small Turbofan Engines |journal=Aerospace |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.3390/aerospace8010001 |issn=2226-4310 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


==圖像==
==圖像==
第45行： 第59行：


== 参见 ==
== 参见 ==
* [[Kh-35飛彈|Kh-35天王星]]
* [[Kh-35导弹|Kh-35天王星]]
* [[AGM-84魚叉反艦飛彈|魚叉]]
* [[AGM-84魚叉反艦飛彈|魚叉]]
* [[飛魚反艦飛彈|飛魚]]
* [[飞鱼反舰导弹|飛魚]]
* [[RBS-15飛彈|RBS-15]]
* [[RBS-15导弹|RBS-15]]
* [[雄風二型反艦飛彈|雄風二型]]
* [[雄風二型反艦飛彈|雄風二型]]


== 参考 ==
== 参考 ==
{{Reflist|3}}
{{Reflist|3}}
{{乌克兰装甲战车|state=expanded}}
[[Category:反艦飛彈]]
[[Category:反艦飛彈]]
[[分类:乌克兰导弹]]
[[Category:乌克兰导弹]]
[[Category:2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]
[[Category:俄罗斯入侵乌克兰中的军事装备]]

2024年10月24日 (四) 19:51的最新版本

提示：此条目的主题不是海王星岸舰导弹系统。
海王星导弹

服役记录
服役期间2021年至今
使用方乌克兰海军
参与战争／衝突2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰
生产历史
研发者射线设计局[1]
基本规格
作战范围280 km（170 mi）[1]
速度亞音速[1]
海王星反艦飛彈的發射影片

海王星（烏克蘭語：Р-360 «Нептун»，羅馬化：R-360 "Neptun" ）是乌克兰射线设计局研制的反舰巡航导弹。其设计基于苏联的Kh-35「天王星」反舰导弹，将其射程和电子设备大幅改进[2]。该系统旨在摧毁排水量5000吨级别的水面舰艇。2021年3月起在烏克蘭海軍服役[3]。

戰績

[编辑]
更多信息：莫斯科號巡洋艦沉沒

2022年4月3日，在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰期间，乌克兰方面声称俄罗斯护卫舰“艾辛”号被乌克兰部队损伤。[4]后来，乌克兰总统办公室顾问阿列克謝·阿列斯托維奇澄清说，“艾辛”号是被海王星导弹击中。俄方没有评论这一说法，这艘舰船继续正常执勤。[5][6]

2022年4月13日，在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰期间，乌克兰称俄罗斯排水量12,490公噸的莫斯科號飛彈巡洋艦被两枚海王星导弹击中，导致其舰载弹药爆炸[7][8][9]。俄罗斯国防部表示，弹药库爆炸是由于一场大火导致（未說明起火原因），該艦仍在漂浮但船員已全部撤离[10][11]；翌日俄方再度公佈該艦已於拖救過程中「因風暴」沈沒。但是時黑海上僅有3～4級的和風，且並無大浪。

2022年5月6日，馬卡洛夫海軍上將號巡防艦在黑海海域起火。[12][13]烏克蘭軍方稱，馬卡洛夫海軍上將號巡防艦是被海王星飛彈擊中，烏克蘭國家新聞網站Dumskaya稱，俄羅斯軍隊已派出直升機營救船上的船員。[14]烏克蘭總統辦公室顧問阿列克謝·阿列斯托維奇5月7日稱報導是“誤會”，在蛇島附近遇襲的艦艇實際上是塞爾納級登陸艇（英语：Serna-class landing craft）。[15]

陆攻型海王星导弹也在设计中，即将完成。目前，海王星导弹用于打击海上目标。根据一位乌克兰官员的说法：“乌克兰正在修改海王星导弹以打击陆地目标，需要一个新制导/寻标系统，但乌克兰人正在努力，一旦我们得到它，海王星导弹可以打击360公里范围内的目标。我们已经相当接近了。”[16]

2023年8月23日，根据乌克兰媒体报道，一枚改装的对地型海王星导弹被用来摧毁2016年就部署在克里米亚塔尔汗库特海岬自的一个S-400防空系统。[17][18]

设计

[编辑]

在部署时，海王星岸防系统包括一辆基于卡车的 USPU-360 机动发射器、4枚导弹、一辆 TZM-360 运输/装填车、一辆 RCP-360 指挥控制车以及一辆特种货车。原型车改为采用捷克Tatra T815-7卡车。该系统设计用于在距离海岸线 25（16 英里）的内陆部署。[19]

海王星导弹（包括火箭发动机）长 5.05 米，配置有一个十字形硬翼。海王星 "导弹设计安装在尺寸为 5.30×0.60×0.60 米的运输和发射集装箱（TLC）中。该系统的最大射程约为 300 公里。[20][21] 单枚导弹重 870 千克，其中弹头重 150 千克。[19]它使用推重比很高的马达西奇 MS-400 发动机。[22]

圖像

[编辑]

参见

[编辑]

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Neptun anti-ship cruise missile. Military-Today.com. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-14）. 
  2. ^ Episkopos, Mark. Ukraine Is Building Anti-Ship Missiles (In Part Thanks to Russia). The National Interest. 2019-02-06 [2019-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-10） （英语）. 
  3. ^ Ponomarenko, Illia. Ukraine's navy acquires first Neptune cruise missiles. kyivpost.com. March 15, 2021 [March 15, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-06）. 
  4. ^ Украинские защитники повредили российский ракетный фрегат. Dumskaya. 3 April 2022 [18 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于3 April 2022） （俄语）. 
  5. ^ Harding, Luke; Sauer, Pjotr; Borger, Julian; Elgot, Jessica. Russia's Moskva cruiser sinks following Ukrainian claim of missile strike. The Guardian. 15 April 2022 [16 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-14）. 
  6. ^ Hambling, David. Ukraine's Bayraktar Drone Helped Sink Russian Flagship Moskva. Forbes. 14 April 2022 [16 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-03）. 
  7. ^ Ukrainian military hits Russian cruiser by Neptune missiles. www.ukrinform.net. [2022-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-13） （英语）. 
  8. ^ A fire broke out on the missile cruiser Moskva. TASS. 13 Apr 2022 [13 Apr 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-14）. 
  9. ^ Новости, Р. И. А. На ракетном крейсере "Москва" в результате пожара сдетонировал боезапас [Ammunition on the missile cruiser "Moscow" detonated as a result of a fire]. РИА Новости. 2022-04-14 [2022-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-13） （俄语）. 
  10. ^ Russia Says Major Ship in Black Sea Fleet Badly Damaged in Blast - Interfax. April 13, 2022 [April 13, 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-14）. 
  11. ^ Russian warship Moskva: What do we know?. BBC. April 14, 2022 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-14）. 
  12. ^ Russian frigate On Fire In Black Sea Near Zmiinyi （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 6 May 2022
  13. ^ Russian Navy warship Admiral Makarov reportedly sunk by Ukrainian missiles （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, EuroWeekly, 6 May 2022.
  14. ^ Russian warship Admiral Makarov ‘on fire after being hit by Ukrainian missile’ 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期[日期錯誤] (2)[日期不符]，., UK Independent, 6 May 2022.
  15. ^ Арестович опроверг слухи о потоплении российского фрегата "Адмирал Макаров". LIGA.net. 2022-05-07 [2022-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-10） （俄语）. 
  16. ^ ALTMAN, Howard. Ukraine Situation Report: Official Hints At New Weapons To Be Unleashed On Crimea. the Drive. 2023-04-14 [2023-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-05） （英语）. 
  17. ^ Axe, David. To Blow Up Russia’s S-400 Battery In Crimea, Ukraine Tweaked Its Cruiser-Sinking Neptune Missile. Forbes. 2023-08-25 [2023-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-25） （英语）. 
  18. ^ Neptune anti-ship missile struck Russian S-400 radar in Crimea — report. News Yahoo!. 2023-08-25 [2023-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-26） （英语）. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Ponomarenko, Illia. Ukraine's navy acquires first Neptune cruise missiles. Kyiv Post. 15 March 2021 [March 15, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-15）. The first training missile division joined the navy’s only artillery brigade on March 15, as part of the formation’s newly-created coastal defense missile battalion. 
  20. ^ Нептун успішно вразив морську ціль [Neptune successfully hit a naval target]. Ukrainian Military Portal. 2018-08-17 [2018-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-17） （乌克兰语）. 
  21. ^ LUCH, State Kyiv Design Bureau (PDF). State Kyiv Design Bureau, LUCH. [2 November 2020]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 November 2020）. 
  22. ^ Pavlenko, Dmytro; Dvirnyk, Yaroslav; Przysowa, Radoslaw. Advanced Materials and Technologies for Compressor Blades of Small Turbofan Engines. Aerospace. 22 December 2022, 8 (1): 1. ISSN 2226-4310. doi:10.3390/aerospace8010001 可免费查阅 （英语）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=海王星导弹&oldid=84710923”