Help:现代标准汉语国际音标:修订间差异
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{{IPA key|H:IPA-CMN}} |
{{IPA key|H:IPA-CMN}} |
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以下表格列出[[国际音标 |
以下表格列出[[国际音标]]在维基百科上表现[[现代标准汉语]]([[普通话]]、[[中華民國國語|国语]]、[[新馬華語|华语]])[[发音]]的方式。 |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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! |
!colspan=4| [[辅音]] |
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|- |
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![[國際音標]]!! [[汉语 |
! [[Help:國際音標|国际音标]]!! [[汉语拼音]] !! [[注音符号]] !! 范例 |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɕ}}</big><ref name="a">辅音{{IPA|/ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ/}}后总是{{IPA|/i, j/}}或{{IPA|/u, w/}}。</ref>|| x || ㄒ |
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|/p/|| b || ㄅ |
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|align=left| 习 {{IPA|/ɕi˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>|| f || ㄈ |
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|align=left| 父<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/fu˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>|| g || ㄍ |
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|align=left| 戈 {{IPA|/kɤ˥˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|kʰ}}</big>|| k || ㄎ |
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|align=left| 克 {{IPA|/kʰɤ˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>|| l || ㄌ |
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|align=left| 力 {{IPA|/li˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>|| m- || ㄇ~ |
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|align=left| 木 {{IPA|/mu˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>|| n-, -n || ㄢ、ㄣ、ㄋ~ |
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|align=left| 拿{{IPA|/nä˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[颚音化|nʲ]]}}</big>|| ni/ü(-) || ㄋㄧ/ㄩ(~) |
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|/l̪/|| l || ㄌ |
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|align=left| 尼<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/nʲi˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>|| -ng || ㄤ、~ㄥ |
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|/k/|| g || ㄍ |
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|align=left| 应<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔiŋ˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>|| b || ㄅ |
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|align=left| 八 {{IPA|/pä˥˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|pʰ}}</big>|| p || ㄆ |
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|align=left| 皮 {{IPA|/pʰi˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɻ}} ~ {{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>|| r- || ㄖ |
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|/t̠͡ɕ/|| j || ㄐ |
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|align=left| 入 {{IPA|/ɻu˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>|| s || ㄙ |
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|align=left| 色<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/sɤ˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>|| sh || ㄕ |
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|align=left| 十 {{IPA|/ʂɻ̩˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>|| d || ㄉ |
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|align=left| 大<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/tä˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʰ}}</big>|| t || ㄊ |
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|align=left| 土 {{IPA|/tʰu˨˩˦/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}</big><ref name="a">辅音{{IPA|/ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ/}}后总是{{IPA|/i, j/}}或{{IPA|/u, w/}}。</ref>|| j || ㄐ |
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|/ʂ/|| sh || ㄕ |
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|align=left| 几<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/t͡ɕi˨˩˦/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ɕʰ}}</big><ref name="a">辅音{{IPA|/ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ/}}后总是{{IPA|/i, j/}}或{{IPA|/u, w/}}。</ref>|| q || ㄑ |
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|/ɻ˔/|| r || ㄖ |
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|align=left| 七 {{IPA|/t͡ɕʰi˥˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|t͡s}}</big>|| z || ㄗ |
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|align=left| 子<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/t͡sɹ̩˨˩˦/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|t͡sʰ}}</big>|| c || ㄘ |
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|align=left| 次 {{IPA|/t͡sʰɹ̩˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|/ |
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʈ͡ʂ}}</big>|| zh || ㄓ |
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|align=left| 至 {{IPA|/ʈ͡ʂɻ̩˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʈ͡ʂʰ}}</big>|| ch || ㄔ |
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|align=left| 叉<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʈ͡ʂʰä˥˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|x}} ~ {{IPAlink|h}}</big>|| h || ㄏ |
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|align=left| 互 {{IPA|/xu˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big><ref name="c">辅音{{IPA|/z/}}在拼音c/s/zi和[[汉语词类#语气词|语气词]]“啊”[[连音|连读]]的时候出现。</ref>|| || |
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|align=left| 撕啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/sɹ̩˥˥zä˨˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big><ref name="d">辅音{{IPA|/ʔ/}}于拼音a(-), e(-), ê, o(-), w-, y-与前个[[汉字|字]][[连音|连读]]时出现,除了[[汉语词类#语气词|语气词]]“啊”、“哇”、“呀”。</ref>||'|| |
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|align=left| 偶尔<ref name="e">[[變調]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔou̯˩˦ʔäɚ̯˨˩˦/}} |
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!colspan=4| [[半元音]] |
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|- |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>|| -i-, y || (~)ㄧ~ |
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|align=left| 牙 {{IPA|/jä˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|ɉ}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| c(h)/s(h)/z(h)ir || ㄘ/ㄔ/ㄙ/ㄕ/ㄗ/ㄓㄦ |
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|align=left| 事儿 {{IPA|/ʂɉɚ˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>|| -u-, w || (~)ㄨ~ |
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|align=left| 瓦<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/wä˨˩˦/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɥ}}</big>|| j/q/x/yu-, -ü-<ref name="g">Ü({{IPA|/y, ɥ/}})于j, q, x, y后拼作u,因为之后不会出现{{IPA|/u, w/}}。</ref> || (~)ㄩ~ |
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|align=left| 月 /ɥœ̜˥˩/ |
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|- |
|- |
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!colspan=4| [[音节辅音]] |
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|- align="center" |
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|- |
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|/m̥/|| h-(m) || ㄏ-(ㄇ) |
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|- align= |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|m̩}}</big>|| m || ㄇ |
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|/ŋ̊/|| h-(ng) || ㄏ-(ㄫ) |
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|align=left| 呣<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/m̩˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|m̥}}</big>|| hm || ㄏㄇ |
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|align=left| 噷 {{IPA|}}/m̥˧˩/ |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|n̩}}</big>|| n || ㄋ |
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|align=left| 唔<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/n̩˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ̍}}</big>|| ng || ㄥ |
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|align=left| 嗯<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ŋ̍˧˥/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ̊}}</big>|| hng || ㄏㄥ |
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|align=left| 哼<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ŋ̊˧˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[音节辅音|ɹ̩]]}}</big>|| c/s/zi || ㄘ、ㄙ、ㄗ |
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|align=left| 四 {{IPA|/sɹ̩˥˩/}} |
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|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[音节辅音|ɻ̩]]}}</big>|| ch/r/sh/zhi || ㄔ、ㄖ、ㄕ、ㄓ |
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|align=left| 日 {{IPA|/ɻ̩˥˩/}} |
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|} |
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|valign="top"| |
|valign="top"| |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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! |
!colspan=4| [[元音]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[Help:國際音標|国际音标]]!! [[汉语拼音]] !! [[注音符号]] !! 范例 |
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![[國際音標]] |
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![[漢語拼音]]!! [[注音符号]] |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big><ref name="h">元音/ä/及[[韵尾]]间有[[元音和谐律|元音和谐]]。/ɪ̯, n/前为/a/,/ʊ̯, ŋ/前为/ɑ/。</ref>|| (b/c/ch/d/f/g/h/k/l/m/n/p/r/s/sh/t/zhwiki/w/z/zh)an, (-)ai || (ㄅ/ㄘ/ㄔ/ㄉ/ㄈ/ㄍ/ㄏ/ㄎ/ㄌ/ㄇ/ㄋ/ㄆ/ㄖ/ㄙ/ㄕ/ㄊ/ㄨ/ㄗ/ㄓ)ㄢ、(~)ㄞ |
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|/ä/ |
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|align=left| 安 {{IPA|/ʔan˥˥/}} |
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|a|| ㄚ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ä}}</big>|| (-)a || (~)ㄚ |
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|/wä/ |
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|align=left| 阿<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˥˥/}} |
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|wa, -ua|| ㄨㄚ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big><ref name="h2">元音/ä/及[[韵尾]]间有[[元音和谐律|元音和谐]]。/i̯, n/前为/a/,/u̯, ŋ/前为/ɑ/。</ref>|| (-)ang, (-)ao || (~)ㄤ、(~)ㄠ |
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|/jä/ |
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|align=left| 昂 {{IPA|/ʔɑŋ˧˥/}} |
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|ya, -ia|| ㄧㄚ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|e̞}}</big>|| (-)ê, ye, -ie || (~)ㄝ |
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|/o̞/ |
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|align=left| 夜 {{IPA|/je̞˥˩/}} |
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|o|| ㄛ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>|| (-)en, -un<ref name="i">拼音uei, iou, uen在辅音后分别写作ui, iu, un。</ref> || (~)ㄣ |
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|/wo̞/ |
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|align=left| 恩 {{IPA|/ʔən˥˥/}} |
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|wo, -uo, (b/p/m/f)-o|| ㄨㄛ,(ㄅ/ㄆ/ㄇ/ㄈ/)-ㄛ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ɚ]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| -r || ~ㄦ |
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|/ɤ̝͡ə̠/ |
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|align=left| 鱼儿 {{IPA|/ɥɚ˧˥/}} |
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|e|| ㄜ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ɚ̃]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| (-)a/e/ingr || (~)ㄤ/ㄥㄦ |
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|/e̞/ |
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|align=left| 风<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref>儿 {{IPA|/fɚ̃˥˥/}} |
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|ê|| ㄝ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>|| -i/yan || (~)ㄧㄢ |
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|/je̞/ |
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|align=left| 延 {{IPA|/jɛn˧˥/}} |
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|ye, -ie|| ㄧㄝ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>|| b/d/l/m/n/p/t/yi(ng), b/l/m/n/p/yi(n) || ㄅ/ㄉ/ㄌ/ㄇ/ㄋ/ㄆ/ㄊㄧ(ㄥ)、ㄅ/ㄌ/ㄇ/ㄋ/ㄆㄧ(ㄣ) |
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|/ɥe̞/ |
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|align=left| 亿 {{IPA|/ʔi˥˩/}} |
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|yue, -üe|| ㄩㄝ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|o̞}}</big>|| (-)o<ref name="j">Uo于b, f, m, p后写为o。</ref> || (~)ㄛ |
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|/i/ |
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|align=left| 哦<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔo̞˥˩/}} |
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|yi, -i|| ㄧ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|o̞˞]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| (-)or || (~)ㄛㄦ |
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|/u/ |
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|align=left| 窝儿 {{IPA|/wo̞˞˥˥/}} |
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|wu, -u|| ㄨ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|œ̜}}</big>|| (j/q/x/y-)ue(n)/-üe(n)<ref name="g">Ü({{IPA|/y, ɥ/}})于j, q, x, y后拼作u,因为之后不会出现{{IPA|/u, w/}}。</ref> || (~)ㄩㄝ/(~)ㄩㄢ |
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|/y/ |
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|align=left| 乐<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ɥœ̜˥˩/}} |
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|yu, -ü|| ㄩ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>|| (b/c/ch/d/f/g/h/k/l/m/n/p/r/s/sh/t/zhwiki/w/z/zh-)u || (ㄅ/ㄘ/ㄉ/ㄈ/ㄍ/ㄏ/ㄎ/ㄌ/ㄇ/ㄋ/ㄆ/ㄖ/ㄙ/ㄊ/ㄨ/ㄗ)ㄨ |
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|/a̠j/ |
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|align=left| 无<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔu˧˥/}} |
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|ai|| ㄞ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|u˞]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| -ur || (~)ㄨㄦ |
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|/wa̠j/ |
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|align=left| 簿<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref>儿 {{IPA|/pu˞˥˩/}} |
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|wai, -uai|| ㄨㄞ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big>|| -ong || ~ㄨㄥ |
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|/ja̠j/ |
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|align=left| 工 {{IPA|/kʊŋ˥˥/}} |
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|yai|| ㄧㄞ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ʊ̃˞]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| -ongr || ~ㄨㄥㄦ |
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|/əj/ |
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|align=left| 洞儿 {{IPA|/tʊ̃˞˥˩/}} |
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|ei|| ㄟ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɤ}}</big>|| (c/d/g/h/k/l/m/n/r/s/t/z)e || (ㄘ/ㄉ/ㄍ/ㄏ/ㄎ/ㄌ/ㄇ/ㄋ/ㄖ/ㄙ/ㄊ/ㄗ)ㄜ |
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|/wəj/ |
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|align=left| 厄 {{IPA|/ʔɤ˥˩/}} |
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|wei, -ui|| ㄨㄟ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɤ̞}}</big><ref name="k">元音/ɤ/暨[[韵尾]]间存在[[元音和谐律|元音和谐]]。辅音/ŋ/前是/ɤ̞/。</ref>|| (-)eng || (~)ㄥ |
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|/ɑ͗w/ |
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|align=left| 仍 {{IPA|/ɻɤ̞ŋ˧˥/}} |
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|ao|| ㄠ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ɤ˞]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| (c/d/g/h/k/l/m/n/r/s/t/z)er || (ㄘ/ㄉ/ㄍ/ㄏ/ㄎ/ㄌ/ㄇ/ㄋ/ㄖ/ㄙ/ㄊ/ㄗ)ㄜㄦ |
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|/jɑ͗w/ |
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|align=left| 个<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref>儿 {{IPA|/kɤ˞˥˩/}} |
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|yao, -iao|| ㄧㄠ |
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|- align=center |
|- align=center |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>|| j/q/x/yu(n), -ü<ref name="g">Ü({{IPA|/y, ɥ/}})于j, q, x, y后拼作u,因为之后不会出现{{IPA|/u, w/}}。</ref> || (~)ㄩ(ㄣ) |
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|/ɤ̞͗w/ |
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|align=left| 于 {{IPA|/ʔy˧˥/}} |
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|ou|| ㄡ |
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|- align= |
|- align=center |
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! colspan=4| [[双元音]] |
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|/jɤ̞͗w/ |
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|- align=center |
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|you, -iu|| ㄧㄡ |
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|<big>{{IPA|ai̯}}</big>|| (-)ai || (~)ㄞ |
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|- align="center" |
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|align=left| 艾<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔai̯˥˩/}} |
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|/ã̠ⁿ/ |
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|- align=center |
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|an|| ㄢ |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|äɚ̯]]}}</big>|| -r || (~)ㄦ |
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|- align="center" |
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|align=left| 二 {{IPA|/ʔäɚ̯˥˩/}} |
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|/wã̠ⁿ/ |
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|- align=center |
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|wan, -uan|| ㄨㄢ |
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|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ä̃ɚ̯̃]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| (-)angr || (~)ㄤㄦ |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
|align=left| 房儿 {{IPA|/fä̃ɚ̯̃˧˥/}} |
|||
|/jɛ̃ⁿ/ |
|||
|- align=center |
|||
|yan, -ian|| ㄧㄢ |
|||
|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ɐɚ̯]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| -i/-u/-ü/yanr || (~)ㄧ/ㄩㄢㄦ |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
|align=left| 烟儿 {{IPA|/jɐɚ̯˥˥/}} |
|||
|/ɥæ̈̃ⁿ/ |
|||
|- align=center |
|||
|yuan, -üan|| ㄩㄢ |
|||
|<big>{{IPA|ɑu̯}}</big>|| (-)ao || (~)ㄠ |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
|align=left| 奥<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔɑu̯˥˩/}} |
|||
|/ə̃ⁿ/ |
|||
|- align=center |
|||
|en|| ㄣ |
|||
|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ɑu̯˞]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| (-)aor || (~)ㄠㄦ |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
|align=left| 包儿 {{IPA|/pɑu̯˞˥˥/}} |
|||
|/wə̃ⁿ/ |
|||
|- align=center |
|||
|wen, -un|| ㄨㄣ |
|||
|<big>{{IPA|ei̯}}</big>|| (-)ei, -ui<ref name="i">拼音uei, iou, uen在辅音后分别写作ui, iu, un。</ref> || (~)ㄟ |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
|align=left| 欸<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔei̯˥˩/}} |
|||
|/ĩⁿ/ |
|||
|- align=center |
|||
|yin, -in|| ㄧㄣ |
|||
|<big>{{IPA|ou̯}}</big>|| -iu<ref name="i">拼音uei, iou, uen在辅音后分别写作ui, iu, un。</ref>, (-)ou || (~)ㄡ |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
|align=left| 怄 {{IPA|/ʔou̯˥˩/}} |
|||
|/ỹⁿ/ |
|||
|- align=center |
|||
|yun, -ün|| ㄩㄣ |
|||
|<big>{{IPA|[[兒化|ou̯˞]]}}</big><ref name="f">只出现在[[兒化|儿化音]]。</ref>|| (-)our || (~)ㄡㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|align=left| 勾<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref>儿 {{IPA|/kou̯˞˥˥/}} |
|||
|/ɑ̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|ang |
|||
|ㄤ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wɑ̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|wang, -uang |
|||
|ㄨㄤ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɑ̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|yang, -iang |
|||
|ㄧㄤ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɤ̞̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|eng |
|||
|ㄥ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wɤ̞̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|weng |
|||
|ㄨㄥ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ʊ̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|ong |
|||
| -ㄨㄥ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ĩŋ˗/ |
|||
|ying, -ing |
|||
|ㄧㄥ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jʊ̃ŋ˗/ |
|||
|yong, -iong |
|||
|ㄩㄥ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɚ/ |
|||
|er, eir, enr |
|||
|ㄦ,ㄟㄦ,ㄣㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wɚ/ |
|||
|weir, -uir, wenr, -unr |
|||
|ㄨㄟㄦ,ㄨㄣㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɚ/ |
|||
|yir, -ir, yinr, -inr |
|||
|ㄧㄦ,ㄧㄣㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɥɚ/ |
|||
|yur, -ür, yunr, -ünr |
|||
|ㄩㄦ,ㄩㄣㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ä˞/ |
|||
|ar, air, anr |
|||
|ㄚㄦ,ㄞㄦ,ㄢㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wɐ˞/ |
|||
|war, -uar, wair, -uair, wanr, -uanr |
|||
|ㄨㄚㄦ,ㄨㄞㄦ,ㄨㄢㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɐ˞/ |
|||
|yar, -iar, yanr, -ianr |
|||
|ㄧㄚㄦ,ㄧㄢㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɥɐ˞/ |
|||
|yanr, -üanr |
|||
|ㄩㄢㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɤ˞/ |
|||
| -er |
|||
|ㄜㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wo̞˞/ |
|||
|wor, (b, p, m, f)-or |
|||
|ㄨㄛㄦ,(ㄅ/ㄆ/ㄇ/ㄈ)ㄛㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/je̞˞/ |
|||
|yer, -ier |
|||
|ㄧㄝㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɥe̞˞/ |
|||
|yuer, -üer |
|||
|ㄩㄝㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɑ͗˞ʷ/ |
|||
|aor |
|||
|ㄠㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɑ͗˞ʷ/ |
|||
|yaor, -iaor |
|||
|ㄧㄠㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɤ̞͗˞ʷ/ |
|||
|our |
|||
|ㄡㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɤ̞͗˞ʷ/ |
|||
|your, -iur |
|||
|ㄧㄡㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɑ̃˞/ |
|||
|angr |
|||
|ㄤㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wɑ̃˞/ |
|||
|wangr, -uangr |
|||
|ㄨㄤㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɑ̃˞/ |
|||
|yangr, -iangr |
|||
|ㄧㄤㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɤ̞̃˞/ |
|||
|engr |
|||
|ㄥㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/wɤ̞̃˞/ |
|||
|wengr |
|||
|ㄨㄥㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ʊ̃˞/ |
|||
|ongr |
|||
|ㄨㄥㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jɤ̞̃˞/ |
|||
|yingr, -ingr |
|||
|ㄧㄥㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/jʊ̃˞/ |
|||
|yongr, -iongr |
|||
|ㄩㄥㄦ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɹ̩/ |
|||
|(z/c/s)-i |
|||
|ㄭ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ɻ̍/ |
|||
|(zh/ch/sh/r)-i |
|||
|ㄭ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/m̩/ |
|||
|m |
|||
|ㄇ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/n̩/ |
|||
|n |
|||
|ㄋ |
|||
|- |
|||
|/ŋ̍/ |
|||
|ng |
|||
|ㄫ |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
||
! |
!colspan=5| [[声调]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[ |
! [[Help:国际音标|国际音标]] |
||
! [[汉语 |
! [[汉语拼音]] |
||
! [[注音符号 |
! [[注音符号]] |
||
! 描述 |
! 描述 |
||
! 范例 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˥˥]]}}</big> |
|||
|˥, ˦ |
|||
|align=center|ā |
|align=center|ā |
||
|ㄚ |
|ㄚ |
||
| |
| 一声:<br>高平调(55) |
||
|啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˥˥/}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˧˥]]}}</big> |
|||
|˧˥, ˨˥, ˨˦ |
|||
|align=center|á |
|align=center|á |
||
|ㄚˊ |
|ㄚˊ |
||
| |
| 二声:<br>中升调(35) |
||
|啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˧˥/}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˨˩˦]]}}</big><br><big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˨˩˩]]}}</big><br><big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˩˦]]}}</big> |
|||
|˨˩˦, ˨˩˧, ˨˩˨, ˨˩, ˨ |
|||
|align=center|ǎ |
|align=center|ǎ |
||
|ㄚˇ |
|ㄚˇ |
||
| |
| 三声:<br>次低降升调(214)、次低降平调(211<ref name="e">[[變調]]。</ref>)、中升调(14<ref name="e">[[變調]]。</ref>) |
||
|啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˨˩˦/}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˥˩]]}}</big><br><big>{{IPA|[[四聲|˥˧]]}}</big> |
|||
|˥˩, ˥˧, ˧˩, |
|||
|align=center|à |
|align=center|à |
||
|ㄚˋ |
|ㄚˋ |
||
| 四声:<br>降調 |
| 四声:<br>高降调(51、53<ref name="e">[[變調]]。</ref>) |
||
|啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˥˩/}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|[[輕聲|˨˩]]}}</big><br><big>{{IPA|[[輕聲|˧˩]]}}</big><br><big>{{IPA|[[輕聲|˦˩]]}}</big><br><big>{{IPA|[[輕聲|˩˩]]}}</big> |
|||
|無固定 |
|||
|align=center|a |
|align=center|a |
||
| |
|ㄚ˙ |
||
| 轻声:<br>(高平调后)次低降调(21)<br>(中升调后)中降调(31)<br>(次低降升调、次低降平调后)次高降调(41)<br>(其它情况)低平调(11) |
|||
| 輕聲:<br>(陰平、去聲後)低, |
|||
|啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˨˩/}}<br>啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˧˩/}}<br>啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˦˩/}}<br>啊<ref name="b">[[多音字]]。</ref> {{IPA|/ʔä˩˩/}} |
|||
(陽平、上聲後)高 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==另见== |
|||
*[[現代標準漢語音系]] |
|||
==注释== |
==注释== |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
==参考来源== |
==参考来源== |
||
{{ |
{{ReflistH}} |
||
* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|given=San|surname=Duanmu|title=The Phonology of Standard Chinese|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Wai-Sum |last2=Zee |first2=Eric |date=2003-06 |title=Standard Chinese (Beijing) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0025100303001208/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1017/S0025100303001208 |issn=0025-1003}} |
||
* {{cite thesis |last=Mou |first=Xiaomin |date=2006 |title=Nasal codas in Standard Chinese: a study in the framework of the distinctive feature theory |type= |chapter= |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
* {{cite thesis |last=Mou |first=Xiaomin |date=2006 |title=Nasal codas in Standard Chinese: a study in the framework of the distinctive feature theory |type= |chapter= |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |url=http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35283}} |
||
* Wang Jialing, The Neutral Tone in Trisyllabic Sequences in Chinese Dialects, Tianjin Normal University, 2004 |
* Wang Jialing, The Neutral Tone in Trisyllabic Sequences in Chinese Dialects, Tianjin Normal University, 2004 |
||
* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|surname=Chao|given=Yuen Ren|title=A Grammar of Spoken Chinese|publisher=[[加州大學出版社|University of California Press]]|edition=2nd|year=1968|ISBN=978-0-520-00219-7|ref=harv}} |
||
* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|title=The Sounds of Chinese|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|location=Cambridge|ref=harv|given=Yen-Hwei|surname=Lin}} |
||
{{ |
{{ReflistF}} |
||
==參閲== |
|||
*[[现代标准汉语音系]] |
|||
==外部链接== |
==外部链接== |
||
*{{zh}}[http://yueputang.org 悦普堂] |
*{{zh}}[http://yueputang.org 悦普堂] |
||
*{{zh}}[http://ctext.org/pinyin.pl?if=gb&remap=gb 各標準汉语拼音系統转换] |
*{{zh}}[http://ctext.org/pinyin.pl?if=gb&remap=gb 各標準汉语拼音系統转换] |
||
{{ |
{{IPAkeys}} |
||
{{IPAkeys|state=collapsed}} |
|||
[[Category:国际音标帮助]] |
[[Category:国际音标帮助]] |
2024年12月4日 (三) 09:38的最新版本
這頁是維基百科的现代标准汉语国际音标發音指南。 |
以下表格列出国际音标在维基百科上表现现代标准汉语(普通话、国语、华语)发音的方式。
|
|
另见
[编辑]注释
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 辅音/ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ/后总是/i, j/或/u, w/。
- ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 多音字。
- ^ 辅音/z/在拼音c/s/zi和语气词“啊”连读的时候出现。
- ^ 辅音/ʔ/于拼音a(-), e(-), ê, o(-), w-, y-与前个字连读时出现,除了语气词“啊”、“哇”、“呀”。
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 變調。
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 只出现在儿化音。
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ü(/y, ɥ/)于j, q, x, y后拼作u,因为之后不会出现/u, w/。
- ^ 元音/ä/及韵尾间有元音和谐。/ɪ̯, n/前为/a/,/ʊ̯, ŋ/前为/ɑ/。
- ^ 元音/ä/及韵尾间有元音和谐。/i̯, n/前为/a/,/u̯, ŋ/前为/ɑ/。
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 拼音uei, iou, uen在辅音后分别写作ui, iu, un。
- ^ Uo于b, f, m, p后写为o。
- ^ 元音/ɤ/暨韵尾间存在元音和谐。辅音/ŋ/前是/ɤ̞/。
参考来源
[编辑]- Duanmu, San. The Phonology of Standard Chinese 2nd. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007.
- Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric. Standard Chinese (Beijing). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2003-06, 33 (1): 109–112. ISSN 0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208 (英语).
- Mou, Xiaomin. Nasal codas in Standard Chinese: a study in the framework of the distinctive feature theory (学位论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2006.
- Wang Jialing, The Neutral Tone in Trisyllabic Sequences in Chinese Dialects, Tianjin Normal University, 2004
- Chao, Yuen Ren. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese 2nd. University of California Press. 1968. ISBN 978-0-520-00219-7.
- Lin, Yen-Hwei. The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2007.
外部链接
[编辑]- (中文)悦普堂
- (中文)各標準汉语拼音系統转换