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数量级 (数据):修订间差异

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本文按数量级列出了以[[位元]]和[[字节]]为单位的信息单位的倍数列表。
{{notchinese|time=2010-09-20T07:19:27+00:00}}

{{translation|tfrom=[[:en:Orders of magnitude (data)]]|tpercent=5|time=2010-09-19}}
字节是信息的常用测量单位([[千字节]]、[[兆字节]]、[[吉字节]]、[[太字节]]、[[拍字节]]等)。本文中,一个字节是一组 8 位(八位字节,octet),历史上并不总是如此。
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{{hangon|已翻譯了部分內容}}
十进制国际单位制前缀“千”、“[[百萬_(接頭詞)|-{zh-cn:兆;zh-tw:百萬}-]]”、“[[吉咖|吉]]”、“[[太拉|-{zh-cn:太拉;zh-tw:兆}-]]”等是 10<sup>3</sup> = 1000 的幂。二进制前缀“kibi”、“mebi”、“gibi”、“tebi”等分别指 2<sup>10</sup> = 1024 的相应幂。
{{数量级}}

在日常使用中,当 1024 足够接近 1000 时,一些十进制前缀已用于计算机[[存储器]]以表示[[2的幂|二进制幂]],但从 1998 年开始,标准机构越来越多地选择通过禁止软件显示带有十进制前缀的二进制数量来限制由此产生的混淆。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definitions of the SI units: The binary prefixes|url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html|access-date=2020-06-17|website=physics.nist.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=quantifiers |url=http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/Q/quantifiers.html |website=www.catb.org |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref> [[Microsoft Windows]]操作系统仍然以这种日常意义报告存储设备上的文件和可用空间。

== 对照表 ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''[[数量级]] ([[数据]])'''
|+'''[[数量级]] ([[数据]])'''
第17行: 第21行:
|-
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2<sup>0</sup>
| rowspan=2 | 2<sup>0</sup>
| rowspan=2 | [[位]]
| rowspan=2 | [[位]] bit
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>0</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>0</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| bit
|rowspan=9 valign=top| [[位元]] bit
|1位 &ndash; 0 或 1, 假或真, 低或高
|1位 0 或 1,假或真低或高
<!-- The unit of entropy has been changed to "shannon" by the ISO standard. The amount "1.5"
<!-- The unit of entropy has been changed to "shannon" by the ISO standard. The amount "1.5"
is an approximated value.
is an approximated value.
* 1.5 bit &ndash; average [[information entropy]] per character in [[English language|English]] text.
* 1.5 bit average [[information entropy]] per character in [[English language|English]] text.
-->
-->
|-
|-
|1.5位 &ndash; 一个[[三进制]]位
|1.5位 一个[[三进制]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>1</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>1</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
| 2位 &ndash; 足够唯一确定[[遗传密码]]中一个碱基对
| 2位 足够唯一确定[[遗传密码]]中一个碱基对
|-
|-
| 3位 &ndash; [[八进制]]中一位数的大小
| 3位 [[八进制]]中一位数的大小
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 2<sup>2</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 2<sup>2</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| [[nibble]]<br>(also<br>spelled<br>''nybble'')
|rowspan=4 valign=top| [[nibble]]<br>(也称为<br>''nybble'')
| 4位 &ndash; [[十六进制]]中一位数的大小;[[十进制]]中使用[[二进码十进数|二进制编码]]的一位数的大小
| 4位 [[十六进制]]中一位数的大小;[[十进制]]中使用[[二进码十进数|二进制编码]]的一位数的大小
|-
|-
| 5位 &ndash; 用于[[电传]]通信的[[鲍窦码]]中一个[[代码点]]的大小
| 5位 用于[[电传]]通信的[[鲍窦码]]中一个[[代码点]]的大小
|-
|-
| 6位 &ndash; the size of code points in [[Univac]] [[Fieldata]], in [[Binary-coded decimal#IBMBCD|IBM "BCD" format]], and in [[Braille]]. 足够唯一确定[[遗传密码]]中一个密码子。
| 6位 用于[[UNIVAC]]的{{link-en|Fieldata}},[[二進碼十進數|IBM "BCD" format]],和 [[盲文]]中一个[[代码点]]的大小。足够唯一确定[[遗传密码]]中一个密码子。
|-
|-
| 7位 &ndash; [[ASCII]]字符集中代码点的大小
| 7位 [[ASCII]]字符集中代码点的大小
&ndash; 存放2位十进制数字的最小长度<br>
存放2位十进制数字的最小长度<br>
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>3</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>3</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| [[字节]]
|rowspan=3 valign=top| [[位元組]]
| 8 bits &ndash; 在许多计算机架构中也称作[[八字节]]
| 8 bits 在许多计算机架构中也称作[[八字节|-{zh-hant:8位元;zh-hans:八字节}-]]
&ndash; 在8位计算机中等同于一个[[字_(计算机)|字]](如Apple II, Atari 800, Commodore 64 等)<br>
在8位计算机中等同于一个[[字_(计算机)|字]](如Apple II, Atari 800, Commodore 64 等)<br>
&ndash; 8位游戏主机的"字大小"(指令长度),包括[[Atari 2600]], [[FC游戏机]]
8位游戏主机的"字大小"(指令长度),包括[[Atari 2600]], [[FC游戏机]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=8 valign=top| 10<sup>1</sup>
|rowspan=8 valign=top| 10<sup>1</sup>
|rowspan=8 valign=top| decabit
|rowspan=8 valign=top| decabit
|10位<br>
|10位<br>
&ndash; ECC内存存储1字节数据的最小[[位]]长<br>
ECC内存存储1字节数据的最小[[位]]长<br>
&ndash; 帧异步序列中传输1字节数据的最小[[帧]]长度
帧异步序列中传输1字节数据的最小[[帧]]长度
|-
|-
|12位 &ndash; Digital Equipment Corporation在1965-1990年生产的[[PDP-8]]计算机的字长
|12位 [[迪吉多]]在1965-1990年生产的[[PDP-8]]计算机的字长
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>4</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>4</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|16 bits<br>
|16 bits<br>
– 常用于许多 [[编程语言]],可存放一個0到65535的[[整數]];或是-32768到+32767的整數<br>
&ndash; commonly used in many [[programming language]]s, the size of an [[Integer (computer science)|integer]] capable of holding 65,536 different values<br>
&ndash; Equivalent to 1 "word" on 16-bit computers (IBM PC, Commodore Amiga)<br>
16位计算机中相当与一个“字”(IBM PC, Commodore Amiga)<br>
&ndash; the "word size" (instruction length) for 16-bit [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[Sega Genesis]], [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]], [[Mattel Intellivision]]
16[[电子游戏机]]中的一个“字长”(指令长度),包括: [[Sega Genesis]], [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]], [[Mattel Intellivision]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>5</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>5</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=3 valign=top| &nbsp;
|32 bits (4 bytes)<br>
|32 bits (4 bytes)<br>
– 一个可以容纳4,294,967,296个不同[[整数]]的大小<br>
&ndash; size of an integer capable of holding 4,294,967,296 different values<br>
– [[IEEE 754]]规定的单精度[[浮点]]数字的大小<br>
&ndash; size of an [[IEEE floating-point standard|IEEE 754]] single-precision [[floating point]] number<br>
– 目前[[互联网协议]]中[[IPv4]]的地址大小<br>
&ndash; size of addresses in [[IPv4]], the current [[Internet protocol]]<br>
&ndash; Equivalent to 1 "word" on 32-bit computers (Apple Macintosh, Pentium-based PC).<br>
32位计算机中相当与一个“字”(Apple Macintosh, Pentium-based PC).<br>
&ndash; the "word size" (instruction length) for various [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[PlayStation]], [[Nintendo GameCube]], [[Xbox]], [[Wii]]
[[电子游戏机]]中的一个“字长”(指令长度),包括: [[PlayStation]], [[Nintendo GameCube]], [[Xbox]], [[Wii]]
|-
|-
|36 bits &ndash; size of word on Univac 1100-series computers and Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-10
|36 bits Univac 1100-series电脑和[[迪吉多]]的PDP-10中表示一个“字”的大小
|-
|-
|56 bits (7 bytes) &ndash; cipher strength of the [[Data Encryption Standard|DES]] encryption standard
|56 bits (7 bytes) [[数据加密标准|DES]]中的密码强度
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>6</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>6</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=3 valign=top| &nbsp;
|64 bits (8 bytes)<br>
|64 bits (8 bytes)<br>
&ndash; size of an integer capable of holding 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 different values<br>
一个可以容纳18,446,744,073,709,551,616个不同整数的大小<br>
– IEEE 754中规定的双精度浮点数字的大小<br>
&ndash; size of an IEEE 754 double-precision floating point number<br>
&ndash; Equivalent to 1 "word" on 64-bit computers (Power, PA-Risc, Alpha, Itanium, Sparc, x86-64 PCs and Macintoshes).<br>
64位计算机中相当与一个“字”(Power, PA-Risc, Alpha, Itanium, Sparc, x86-64 PCs and Macintoshes).<br>
&ndash; the "word size" (instruction length) for 64-bit [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[Nintendo 64]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[Xbox 360]]
64[[电子游戏机]]中的一个“字长”(指令长度),包括: [[Nintendo 64]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[Xbox 360]]
|-
|-
|80 bits (10 bytes) &ndash; size of an extended precision floating point number, for intermediate calculations that can be performed in floating point units of most [[central processing unit|processor]]s of the x86 family
|80 bits (10 bytes) 扩充精度浮点的大小,for intermediate calculations that can be performed in floating point units of most [[central processing unit|processor]]s of the x86 family
|-
|-
|rowspan=5 valign=top| 10<sup>2</sup>
|rowspan=5 valign=top| 10<sup>2</sup>
第96行: 第100行:
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|128 bits (16 bytes)<br>
|128 bits (16 bytes)<br>
&ndash; size of addresses in [[IPv6]], the successor protocol of [[IPv4]]<br>
[[IPv6]]的地址大小,继承[[IPv4]]协议<br>
– [[Rijndael]]和[[高级加密标准|AES]]中的最低密码强度加密标准,并且广泛运用于[[MD5]]密码的[[报文摘要]]算法
&ndash; minimum cipher strength of the [[Rijndael]] and [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]] encryption standards, and of the widely used [[MD5]] cryptographic [[message digest]] algorithm
|-
|-
|160 bits &ndash; maximum key length of the [[SHA-1]], standard [[Tiger (hash)]], and Tiger2 cryptographic message digest algorithms
|160 bits [[SHA-1]]的最大密钥长度,标准的[[Tiger (hash)]],和Tiger2加密报文摘要算法
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>8</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>8</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|256 bits (32 bytes) &ndash; minimum key length for the recommended strong cryptographic [[message digest]]s {{As of|2004|lc=on}}
|256 bits (32 bytes) 推荐的强加密[[报文摘要]]的最短密钥长度 {{As of|2004|lc=on}}
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>9</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>9</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|512 bits (64 bytes) &ndash; maximum key length for the standard strong cryptographic [[message digest]]s in [[2004]]
|512 bits (64 bytes) 推荐的强加密[[报文摘要]]的最长密钥长度2004
|-
|-
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>3</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>3</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| [[kilobit]]
|rowspan=9 valign=top| [[千比特]]
|1000 bits
|1000 bits
|-
|-
第117行: 第121行:
|1024 bits (128 bytes)
|1024 bits (128 bytes)
|-
|-
|1288 bits – 一个标准[[磁条]]的近似最大容量
|1288 bits &ndash; approximate maximum capacity of a standard [[magnetic stripe card]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>11</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>11</sup>
第126行: 第130行:
|rowspan=3 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=3 valign=top| &nbsp;
|4096 bits (512 bytes)
|4096 bits (512 bytes)
– 典型的扇区大小,和大多数[[文件系统]]中计算机存储卷最小空间分配单元<br>
&ndash; typical sector size, and minimum space allocation unit on computer storage volumes, with most [[file system]]s<br>
– 一条单行距打印纸(不进行格式化)中近似的信息量<br>
&ndash; approximate amount of information on a sheet of single-spaced typewritten paper (without formatting)<br>
|-
|-
|4704 bits (588 bytes) &ndash; uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard [[MPEG]] audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with medium quality 8-bit sampling at 44,100&nbsp;[[Hertz|Hz]] (or 16-bit sampling at 22,050&nbsp;Hz)
|4704 bits (588 bytes) 标准[[MPEG]]音频中未压缩的单通道帧长度(每秒75帧,每通道),以中等质量8-bit采样率44,100&nbsp;[[Hertz|Hz]] (或者16-bit采样率22,050&nbsp;Hz)
|-
|-
|8000 bits (10<sup>3</sup> bytes) &ndash; one [[kilobyte]]
|8000 bits (10<sup>3</sup> bytes) 一个[[千字节]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>13</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>13</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| [[kibibyte]]
|rowspan=3 valign=top| [[kibibyte]]
|8192 bits (1,024 bytes) &ndash; [[RAM]] capacity of a [[Sinclair ZX81]].
|8192 bits (1,024 bytes) [[Sinclair Research|Sinclair]][[ZX81]]中[[隨機存取記憶體|RAM]]的容量高.
|-
|-
|9408 bits (1,176 bytes) &ndash; uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard MPEG audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with standard 16-bit sampling at 44,100&nbsp;Hz
|9408 bits (1,176 bytes) 标准[[MPEG]]音频中未压缩的单通道帧长度(每秒75帧,每通道),以标准质量16-bit 采样律44,100&nbsp;Hz
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 10<sup>4</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 10<sup>4</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=4 valign=top| &nbsp;
|15,360 bits – 在一个8位单色文本控制台(80x24)上一个屏幕上显示的数据
|15,360 bits &ndash; one screen of data displayed on an 8-bit monochrome text console (80x24)
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>14</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>14</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|16,384 bits (2 kibibytes) &ndash; one page of typed text<ref name="alltoomuch"/>, RAM capacity of [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]
|16,384 bits (2 kibibytes) 一个文本输入页<ref name="alltoomuch"/>[[Nintendo Entertainment System|FC游戏机]]的[[随机存取存储器|RAM]]的容量


|-
|-
第162行: 第166行:
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>17</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>17</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|131,072 bits (16 kibibytes) &ndash; [[RAM]] capacity of the smallest [[Sinclair ZX Spectrum]].
|131,072 bits (16 kibibytes) 最小的[[Sinclair ZX Spectrum]]的[[随机存取存储器|RAM]]的容量
|-
|-
|160 kilobits - 这篇文章的近似大小(2010年4月15日)
|160 kilobits &ndash; approximate size of this article as of 15 April 2010
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>18</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>18</sup>
第172行: 第176行:
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>19</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>19</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|524,288 bits (64 kibibytes) &ndash; [[RAM]] capacity of a lot of popular 8-bit Computers like the [[Commodore_64|C-64]], [[Amstrad CPC]] etc.
|524,288 bits (64 kibibytes) <br/> 很多流行的8位计算机(如[[Commodore_64|C-64]][[Amstrad CPC]]等)的[[随机存取存储器|RAM]]的容量<br/> – 16位元CPU(如[[Intel 8086]]/[[Intel 8088|8088]])的[[記憶體區段]]上限
|-
|-
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>6</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>6</sup>
第180行: 第184行:
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>20</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>20</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| [[mebibit]]
|rowspan=2 valign=top| [[mebibit]]
|1,048,576 bits (128 kibibytes) &ndash; [[RAM]] capacity of popular 8-bit Computers like the [[Commodore_128|C-128]], [[Amstrad CPC]] etc.
|1,048,576 bits (128 kibibytes) 一些流行的8位计算的(如[[Commodore_128|C-128]],[[Amstrad CPC]]等)的[[随机存取存储器|RAM]]的容量
|-
|-
|1,978,560 bits &ndash; a one-page, standard-resolution black-and-white [[fax]] (1728 &times; 1145 pixels)
|1,978,560 bits 标准清晰度黑白[[fax|传真]]的一个单页 (1728 × 1145 pixels)
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>21</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>21</sup>
第188行: 第192行:
|2,097,152 bits (256 kibibytes)
|2,097,152 bits (256 kibibytes)
|-
|-
|4,147,200 bits &ndash; one frame of uncompressed [[NTSC]] [[DVD]] video (720 &times; 480 &times; 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
|4,147,200 bits 未压缩的[[NTSC]] [[DVD]]视频的一帧(720 × 480 × 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>22</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>22</sup>
第194行: 第198行:
|4,194,304 bits (512 kibibytes)
|4,194,304 bits (512 kibibytes)
|-
|-
|4,976,640 bits &ndash; one frame of uncompressed [[PAL]] DVD video (720 &times; 576 &times; 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
|4,976,640 bits 未压缩的[[PAL制式|PAL]]DVD视频的一帧(720 × 576 × 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
|-
|-
|8,343,400 bits &ndash; one "typical" sized [[:Image:Anthomyiidae sp. 1 (aka).jpg|photograph]] with reasonably good quality (1024 &times; 768 pixels).
|8,343,400 bits 一张质量不错的典型[[:Image:Anthomyiidae sp. 1 (aka).jpg|照片]](1024 × 768 pixels)
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>23</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>23</sup>
第204行: 第208行:
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>7</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| 10<sup>7</sup>
|rowspan=9 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=9 valign=top| &nbsp;
|11,520,000 bits – 一个分辨率较低的计算机显示器(截至2006年)的像素容量,800 × 600 像素,24 bpp([[真彩色|True Color]])
|11,520,000 bits &ndash; capacity of a lower-resolution computer monitor (as of 2006), 800 &times; 600 pixels, 24 bpp
|-
|-
|11,796,480 bits &ndash; 一個 3.5 [[英吋]] [[floppy disk]] 的容量, colloquially known as 1.44 [[megabyte]] but actually 1.44 &times; 1000 &times; 1024 bytes
|11,796,480 bits 一個 3.5 [[英吋]] [[软盘]] 的容量,俗称1.44 [[megabyte|MB]],但实际上为1.44 × 1000 × 1024 bytes
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>24</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>24</sup>
第212行: 第216行:
|16,777,216 bits (2 mebibytes)
|16,777,216 bits (2 mebibytes)
|-
|-
|25 megabits &ndash; amount of data in a typical color slide
|25 megabits 一个典型彩色幻灯片的数据量
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 2<sup>25</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 2<sup>25</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=4 valign=top| &nbsp;
|33,554,432 bits (4 mebibytes) &ndash; RAM capacity of stock [[Nintendo 64]]
|33,554,432 bits (4 mebibytes) [[Nintendo 64]]RAM的容量
|-
|-
|41,943,040 bits (5 mebibytes) &ndash; approximate size of the [[Complete Works of Shakespeare]]<ref name="alltoomuch">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15557421|title=A special report on managing information: All too much|date=2010-02-25|work=The Economist|accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref>
|41,943,040 bits (5 mebibytes) 近似[[莎士比亚全集]]<ref name="alltoomuch">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15557421|title=A special report on managing information: All too much|date=2010-02-25|work=The Economist|accessdate=2010-03-04|archive-date=2010-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504134621/http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15557421|dead-url=no}}</ref>的字数
|-
|-
|55,296,000 bits &ndash; capacity of a high-resolution computer monitor as of [[2007]], 1920 &times; 1200 pixels, 24 bpp
|55,296,000 bits 一个高分辨率的彩色计算机显示器(截至2007年)的像素容量,1920 × 1200 pixels,24 bpp
|-
|-
|50–100 megabits – 一个典型[[电话簿]]的数据量
|50–100 megabits &ndash; amount of information in a typical [[telephone directory|phone book]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>26</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>26</sup>
第236行: 第240行:
|134,217,728 bits (16 mebibytes)
|134,217,728 bits (16 mebibytes)
|-
|-
|150 megabits &ndash; amount of data in a large foldout [[map]]
|150 megabits 一个大折页[[地图]]的信息量
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>28</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>28</sup>
第242行: 第246行:
|268,435,456 (32 mebibytes)
|268,435,456 (32 mebibytes)
|-
|-
|423,360,000 bits: a five-minute audio recording, in [[Compact Disc|CDDA]] quality
|423,360,000 bits: 一个5分钟的[[CD]]品质录音
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>29</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>29</sup>
第264行: 第268行:
|4,294,967,296 bits (512 mebibytes)
|4,294,967,296 bits (512 mebibytes)
|-
|-
|5.45{{e|9}} bits (650 mebibytes) &ndash; capacity of a regular [[compact disc]]
|5.45{{e|9}} bits (650 mebibytes) 一张普通CD的容量
|-
|-
|5.89{{e|9}} bits (702 mebibytes) &ndash; capacity of a large regular compact disc
|5.89{{e|9}} bits (702 mebibytes) 一张大容量CD的容量
|-
|-
|6.4{{e|9}} bits &ndash; capacity of the [[human genome]] (assuming 2 bits for each [[base pair]])
|6.4{{e|9}} bits [[人类基因组]]的容量(假设每个[[碱基对]]为2 bit)


|-
|-
第281行: 第285行:
|2<sup>34</sup>
|2<sup>34</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|17,179,869,184 bits (2 gibibytes)
|17,179,869,184 bits (2 gibibytes) – [[FAT16]]定址能力上限
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>35</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>35</sup>
第287行: 第291行:
|34,359,738,368 bits (4 gibibytes)
|34,359,738,368 bits (4 gibibytes)
|-
|-
|3.76{{e|10}} bits (4.7 gigabytes) &ndash; 一個單面單層 [[DVD]] 的容量
|3.76{{e|10}} bits (4.7 gigabytes) 一個單面單層 [[DVD]] 的容量
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>36</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>36</sup>
第301行: 第305行:
|137,438,953,472 bits (16 gibibytes)
|137,438,953,472 bits (16 gibibytes)
|-
|-
|1.46{{e|11}} bits (17 gigabytes) &ndash; 一個雙面雙層 DVD 的容量
|1.46{{e|11}} bits (17 gigabytes) 一個雙面雙層 DVD 的容量
|-
|-
|2.15{{e|11}} bits (25 gigabytes) &ndash; capacity of a single-sided, single-layered 12-[[centimetre|cm]] [[Blu-ray disc]]
|2.15{{e|11}} bits (25 gigabytes) 一个单面单层的12-[[centimetre|cm]][[蓝光光盘]]的容量
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>38</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>38</sup>
第319行: 第323行:
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>40</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>40</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| [[tebibit]]
|rowspan=2 valign=top| [[tebibit]]
|1.34{{e|12}} bits &ndash; estimated capacity of the ''[[Polychaos dubium]]'' genome, the largest known [[genome]]
|1.34{{e|12}} bits ''[[Polychaos dubium]]''基因组的估计容量,已知最大的[[基因组]]
|-
|-
|1.6{{e|12}} bits (200 [[gigabyte]]s) &ndash; capacity of a [[hard disk]] that would be considered average {{As of|2008|lc=on}}
|1.6{{e|12}} bits (200 [[gigabyte]]s) 一块[[硬盘]]的平均容量(截至2008年)
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>41</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>41</sup>
第335行: 第339行:
|8,796,093,022,208 bits (1024 gibibytes)
|8,796,093,022,208 bits (1024 gibibytes)
|-
|-
|(approximately) 8.97{{e|12}} bits &ndash; {{As of|2010|lc=on}}, data of [[pi|π]] to the largest number of digits ever calculated (2.7{{e|12}})
|(approximately) 8.97{{e|12}} bits 截至2010年,经过计算的[[pi|π]]的最大位数(2.7{{e|12}})
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 10<sup>13</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| 10<sup>13</sup>
|rowspan=4 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=4 valign=top| &nbsp;
|10,000,000,000,000 bits (1.25 [[terabyte]]s) &ndash; capacity of a human being's functional memory, according to [[Raymond Kurzweil]] in [[The Singularity Is Near]], p.&nbsp;126
|10,000,000,000,000 bits (1.25 [[terabyte]]s) 人类记忆功能体的容量(根据[[雷蒙德·库茨魏尔]]发表的[[奇点迫近]] p.&nbsp;126)
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>44</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>44</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|17,592,186,044,416 bits (2 tebibytes)
|17,592,186,044,416 bits (2 tebibytes) – [[FAT32]]定址能力上限
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>45</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>45</sup>
第379行: 第383行:
|1,125,899,906,842,624 bits (128 tebibytes)
|1,125,899,906,842,624 bits (128 tebibytes)
|-
|-
|2.4{{e|15}} bits (300 [[terabyte]]s) &ndash; size of the [[Internet Archive]] {{As of|2004|lc=on}}
|2.4{{e|15}} bits (300 [[terabyte]]s) [[互联网档案馆]]容量的大小(截至2004年)
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>51</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>51</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|2,251,799,813,685,248 bits (256 tebibytes)
|2,251,799,813,685,248 bits (256 tebibytes) – [[NTFS]]定址能力上限
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>52</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>52</sup>
第389行: 第393行:
|4,503,599,627,370,496 bits (512 tebibytes)
|4,503,599,627,370,496 bits (512 tebibytes)
|-
|-
|8,000,000,000,000,000 bits (10<sup>15</sup> bytes) &ndash; one [[petabyte]]
| 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits (10<sup>15</sup> bytes) 一个[[petabyte]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>53</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>53</sup>
第407行: 第411行:
|36,028,797,018,963,968 bits (4 pebibytes)
|36,028,797,018,963,968 bits (4 pebibytes)
|-
|-
|4.5{{e|16}} bits (5.625 [[petabyte]]s) &ndash; estimated hard drive space in [[Google]]'s [[server farm]] {{As of|2004|lc=on}}
|4.5{{e|16}} bits (5.625 [[petabyte]]s) 截至2004年,[[Google]][[server farm|服务器场]]的估计容量
|-
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>56</sup>
|rowspan=3 valign=top| 2<sup>56</sup>
第413行: 第417行:
|72,057,594,037,927,936 bits (8 pebibytes)
|72,057,594,037,927,936 bits (8 pebibytes)
|-
|-
|10 petabytes (10<sup>16</sup> bytes) &ndash; estimated approximate size of the [[Library of Congress]]'s collection, including non-book materials, as of 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2005/06/entire_library_.html|title=Entire Library of Congress|last=Hickey|first=Thom ([[OCLC]] Chief Scientist)|date=June 21, 2005|work=Outgoing|accessdate=2010-05-05}}</ref>
|10 petabytes (10<sup>16</sup> bytes) [[国会图书馆 (美国)]]藏品数量的估计近似值,包括非书籍资料,截至2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2005/06/entire_library_.html|title=Entire Library of Congress|last=Hickey|first=Thom ([[OCLC]] Chief Scientist)|date=June 21, 2005|work=Outgoing|accessdate=2010-05-05|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529163459/https://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2005/06/entire_library_.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=5 valign=top| 10<sup>17</sup>
|rowspan=5 valign=top| 10<sup>17</sup>
第431行: 第435行:
|576,460,752,303,423,488 bits (64 pebibytes)
|576,460,752,303,423,488 bits (64 pebibytes)
|-
|-
|8 {{e|17}}, the storage capacity of the fictional ''[[Star Trek]]'' character [[Data (Star Trek)|Data]]
|8 {{e|17}}, 科幻 ''[[星际旅行]]''[[Data (Star Trek)|Data]]的储存容量
|-
|-
|rowspan=6 valign=top| 10<sup>18</sup>
|rowspan=6 valign=top| 10<sup>18</sup>
第441行: 第445行:
|1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bits (128 pebibytes)
|1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bits (128 pebibytes)
|-
|-
|1.6{{e|18}} bits (200 [[petabyte]]s) &ndash; total amount of [[Printing|print]]ed material in the world
|1.6{{e|18}} bits (200 [[petabyte]]s) 全世界[[印刷]]材料的总量(截至2012年)
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>61</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>61</sup>
第467行: 第471行:
|36,893,488,147,419,103,232, bits (4 exbibytes)
|36,893,488,147,419,103,232, bits (4 exbibytes)
|-
|-
|50,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (5 [[exabytes]])
|50,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (5 [[艾字節|exabyte]])
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>66</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>66</sup>
第485行: 第489行:
|295,147,905,179,352,825,856 bits (32 exbibytes)
|295,147,905,179,352,825,856 bits (32 exbibytes)
|-
|-
|3.5 &times; 10<sup>20</sup> bits &ndash; Increase in information capacity when 1 Joule of energy is added to a heat-bath at 300 K (27&deg;C)<ref><math>\scriptstyle\frac{1}{300}</math> J K<sup>-1</sup></ref>
|3.5 × 10<sup>20</sup> bits 300 K (27°C)时,当1[[焦耳]]的能量被加入一个热浴后,信息容量的增加量<ref><math>\scriptstyle\frac{1}{300}</math> J K<sup>-1</sup></ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>69</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>69</sup>
第503行: 第507行:
|2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848 bits (256 exbibytes)
|2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848 bits (256 exbibytes)
|-
|-
|3.4{{e|21}} bits (0.36 [[zettabyte]]s) &ndash; amount of information that can be stored in 1 [[gram]] of [[DNA]]<ref>http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/V2I29.pdf</ref>
|3.4{{e|21}} bits (0.36 [[zettabyte]]s) 1[[]][[DNA]]中可以储存的信息量<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/V2I29.pdf |title=存档副本 |access-date=2010-09-19 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223346/http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/V2I29.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>72</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>72</sup>
第511行: 第515行:
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>73</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| 2<sup>73</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| [[zebibyte]]
|rowspan=2 valign=top| [[zebibyte]]
|9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bits (1024 exbibytes)
|9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bits (1024 exbibytes) – [[GUID磁碟分割表|GTP]]定址能力上限
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 10<sup>22</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 10<sup>22</sup>
第518行: 第522行:
|-
|-
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp; </sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top|10<sup>23</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top|10<sup>23</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.0{{e|23}} bits &ndash; Increase in information capacity when 1 Joule of energy is added to a heat-bath at 1 K (-272.15&deg;C)<ref>1 J K<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Equivalent to 1/(''[[Boltzmann's constant|k]]'' ln 2) bits, where ''k'' is [[Boltzmann's constant]]</ref>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.0{{e|23}} bits 1 K (-272.15°C)时,当1[[焦耳]]的能量被加入一个热浴后,信息量的增加值<ref>1 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Equivalent to 1/(''[[Boltzmann's constant|k]]'' ln 2) bits, where ''k'' is [[Boltzmann's constant]]</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top|6.0{{e|23}} bits &ndash; Information content of 1 mole (12.01 g) of [[graphite]] at 25&deg;C; equivalent to an average of 0.996 bits per atom.<ref>Equivalent to 5.74 J K<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of graphite.</ref>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|6.0{{e|23}} bits 1[[摩尔 (单位)|摩尔]](12.01 g)[[石墨]],在25°C时的信息量;相当于平均0.996 bits每个[[原子]]。<ref> Equivalent to 5.74 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of graphite.</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp; </sup>
|- valign="top"
|
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>24</sup>
|style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>24</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|[[Yobibyte]]
|rowspan=1 valign=top|7.3{{e|24}} bits &ndash; Information content of 1 mole (18.02 g) of liquid [[water]] at 25&deg;C; equivalent to an average of 12.14 bits per molecule.<ref>Equivalent to 69.95 J K<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of water.</ref>
| 7.3{{e| 24}} bits 1摩尔(18.02 g)液体[[]],在25°C时的信息量;相当于平均12.14 bits每个[[分子]]。<ref> Equivalent to 69.95 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of water.</ref>
|- valign="top"
|style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>80</sup>
| [[Yobibyte]]
|style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
|style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bits (128 zebibytes)
|-
|-
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp; </sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top|10<sup>25</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top|10<sup>25</sup>
|rowspan=2 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=2 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.1{{e|25}} bits &ndash; Entropy increase of 1 mole (18.02 g) of water, on vaporizing at 100&deg;C at standard pressure; equivalent to an average of 18.90 bits per molecule.<ref>Equivalent to 108.9 J K<sup>&minus;1</sup></ref>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.1{{e|25}} bits 1摩尔(18.02 g)水,在100°C,标准大气压下,蒸发时熵的增加;相当于平均18.90 bits每个分子。<ref> Equivalent to 108.9 J K<sup>−1</sup></ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.5{{e|25}} bits &ndash; Information content of 1 mole (20.18 g) of [[neon]] gas at 25&deg;C and 1 atm; equivalent to an average of 25.39 bits per atom.<ref>Equivalent to 146.33 J K<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of neon. An experimental value, see [http://cccbdb.nist.gov/thermo.asp] for a theoretical calculation.</ref>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.5{{e|25}} bits 1摩尔(20.18 g)[[]]气在25°C并且1个标准大气压下的信息量;相当于平均25.39 bits每个原子。<ref>Equivalent to 146.33 J K<sup>−1</sup> Standard molar entropy of neon. An experimental value, see [http://cccbdb.nist.gov/thermo.asp] {{Wayback|url=http://cccbdb.nist.gov/thermo.asp |date=20100527095017 }} for a theoretical calculation.</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2 <sup> 150 </sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>150</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>45</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>45</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|~ 10<sup>45</sup> bits – 在计算机上完美重建美国成年男性平均体型到量子水平所需的位数是2{{e|45}}比特信息([[貝肯斯坦上限]])。
|rowspan=1 valign=top|~ 10<sup>45</sup> bits &ndash; The number of bits required to perfectly recreate the average-sized U.S. adult male [[human being]] down to the quantum level on a computer is 2.0057742Å~10<sup>45</sup> bits of information (See [[Bekenstein bound]] for the basis for this calculation).
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
第550行: 第561行:
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>58</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>58</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|~ 10<sup>58</sup> bits &ndash; Thermodynamic entropy of the [[sun]]<ref>Given as 10<sup>42</sup> erg K<sup>-1</sup> in Bekenstein (1973), [http://128.112.100.2/~mcdonald/examples/QM/bekenstein_prd_7_2333_73.pdf Black Holes and Entropy], ''[[Physical Review D]]'' '''7''' 2338</ref> (about 30 bits per proton, plus 10 bits per electron).
|rowspan=1 valign=top|~ 10<sup>58</sup> bits [[太阳]]的热力学熵<ref>Given as 10<sup>42</sup> erg K<sup>-1</sup> in Bekenstein (1973), [http://128.112.100.2/~mcdonald/examples/QM/bekenstein_prd_7_2333_73.pdf Black Holes and Entropy]{{dead link|date=2017年12月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[Physical Review D]]'' '''7''' 2338</ref> (大约30 bits每质子,加上10 bits每电子)
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
第556行: 第567行:
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>69</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>69</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|~ 10<sup>69</sup> bits &ndash; Thermodynamic entropy of the [[Milky Way Galaxy]] (counting only the [[star]]s, not the [[black holes]] within the galaxy)
|rowspan=1 valign=top|~ 10<sup>69</sup> bits [[银河系]]的热力学熵 (只计算[[恒星]],不包括星系中的[[黑洞]])
|-
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| 2<sup>256</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>77</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>77</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.5{{e|77}} bits &ndash; Information content of a one-solar-mass [[black hole]].<ref>Entropy = <math>\scriptstyle A c^3 / 4 G \hbar</math> in nats, with <math>A = 16\pi G^2 M^2/c^4</math> for a Schwartzschild black hole. 1 nat = 1/ln(2) bits. See [[Jacob D. Bekenstein]] (2008), [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy Bekenstein-Hawking entropy], ''[[Scholarpedia]]''.</ref>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|1.5{{e|77}} bits 一个太阳质量的黑洞的信息量。<ref>Entropy = <math>\scriptstyle A c^3 / 4 G \hbar</math> in nats, with <math>A = 16\pi G^2 M^2/c^4</math> for a Schwartzschild black hole. 1 nat = 1/ln(2) bits. See [[Jacob D. Bekenstein]] (2008), [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy Bekenstein-Hawking entropy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy |date=20111016042420 }}, ''[[Scholarpedia]]''.</ref>
|-valign="top"
|-
|rowspan=1 valign=top|2<sup>305</sup>
|rowspan="1"|2<sup>305</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top| &nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>92</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|10<sup>92</sup>
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|&nbsp;
|rowspan=1 valign=top|The information capacity of the [[observable universe]], according to [[Seth Lloyd]].<ref>[[Seth Lloyd]] (2002), Computational capacity of the universe, ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'' '''88''' (23):237901.</ref>
|rowspan=1 valign=top| [[可观测宇宙]]的信息量。<ref>[[Seth Lloyd]] (2002), Computational capacity of the universe, ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'' '''88''' (23):237901.</ref>
|}
|}


第582行: 第593行:
==參考==
==參考==
<references />
<references />
{{數量級導航模板}}


[[Category:数量级| ]]
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2024年12月11日 (三) 12:50的最新版本

本文按数量级列出了以位元字节为单位的信息单位的倍数列表。

字节是信息的常用测量单位(千字节兆字节吉字节太字节拍字节等)。本文中,一个字节是一组 8 位(八位字节,octet),历史上并不总是如此。

十进制国际单位制前缀“千”、“”、“”、“太拉”等是 103 = 1000 的幂。二进制前缀“kibi”、“mebi”、“gibi”、“tebi”等分别指 210 = 1024 的相应幂。

在日常使用中,当 1024 足够接近 1000 时,一些十进制前缀已用于计算机存储器以表示二进制幂,但从 1998 年开始,标准机构越来越多地选择通过禁止软件显示带有十进制前缀的二进制数量来限制由此产生的混淆。[1][2] Microsoft Windows操作系统仍然以这种日常意义报告存储设备上的文件和可用空间。

对照表

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数量级 (数据)
二進制(Binary) 十進制(Decimal) 事物
系数 术语 系数 术语
20 位元 bit 100 位元 bit 1位 – 0 或 1,假或真,低或高
1.5位 – 一个三进制一位
21   2位 – 足够唯一确定遗传密码中一个碱基对
3位 – 八进制中一位数的大小
22 nibble
(也称为
nybble)
4位 – 十六进制中一位数的大小;十进制中使用二进制编码的一位数的大小
5位 – 用于电传通信的鲍窦码中一个代码点的大小
6位 – 用于UNIVACFieldata英语FieldataIBM "BCD" format,和 盲文中一个代码点的大小。足够唯一确定遗传密码中一个密码子。
7位 – ASCII字符集中代码点的大小

– 存放2位十进制数字的最小长度

23 位元組 8 bits – 在许多计算机架构中也称作八字节

– 在8位计算机中等同于一个(如Apple II, Atari 800, Commodore 64 等)
– 8位游戏主机的"字大小"(指令长度),包括Atari 2600, FC游戏机

101 decabit 10位

– ECC内存存储1字节数据的最小
– 帧异步序列中传输1字节数据的最小长度

12位 – 迪吉多在1965-1990年生产的PDP-8计算机的字长
24   16 bits

– 常用于许多 编程语言,可存放一個0到65535的整數;或是-32768到+32767的整數
– 在16位计算机中相当与一个“字”(IBM PC, Commodore Amiga)
– 16位电子游戏机中的一个“字长”(指令长度),包括: Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo, Mattel Intellivision

25   32 bits (4 bytes)

– 一个可以容纳4,294,967,296个不同整数的大小
IEEE 754规定的单精度浮点数字的大小
– 目前互联网协议IPv4的地址大小
– 在32位计算机中相当与一个“字”(Apple Macintosh, Pentium-based PC).
电子游戏机中的一个“字长”(指令长度),包括: PlayStation, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, Wii

36 bits – 在Univac 1100-series电脑和迪吉多的PDP-10中表示一个“字”的大小
56 bits (7 bytes) – DES中的密码强度
26   64 bits (8 bytes)

– 一个可以容纳18,446,744,073,709,551,616个不同整数的大小
– IEEE 754中规定的双精度浮点数字的大小
– 在64位计算机中相当与一个“字”(Power, PA-Risc, Alpha, Itanium, Sparc, x86-64 PCs and Macintoshes).
– 64位电子游戏机中的一个“字长”(指令长度),包括: Nintendo 64, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360

80 bits (10 bytes) – 扩充精度浮点的大小,for intermediate calculations that can be performed in floating point units of most processors of the x86 family
102 hectobit 100 bits
27   128 bits (16 bytes)

IPv6的地址大小,继承IPv4协议
RijndaelAES中的最低密码强度加密标准,并且广泛运用于MD5密码的报文摘要算法

160 bits – SHA-1的最大密钥长度,标准的Tiger (hash),和Tiger2加密报文摘要算法
28   256 bits (32 bytes) – 推荐的强加密报文摘要的最短密钥长度 截至2004年 (2004-Missing required parameter 1=month!)
29   512 bits (64 bytes) – 推荐的强加密报文摘要的最长密钥长度2004
103 千比特 1000 bits
210 kibibit 1024 bits (128 bytes)
1288 bits – 一个标准磁条的近似最大容量
211   2048 bits (256 bytes)
212   4096 bits (512 bytes)

– 典型的扇区大小,和大多数文件系统中计算机存储卷最小空间分配单元
– 一条单行距打印纸(不进行格式化)中近似的信息量

4704 bits (588 bytes) – 标准MPEG音频中未压缩的单通道帧长度(每秒75帧,每通道),以中等质量8-bit采样率44,100 Hz (或者16-bit采样率22,050 Hz)
8000 bits (103 bytes) – 一个千字节
213 kibibyte 8192 bits (1,024 bytes) – SinclairZX81RAM的容量高.
9408 bits (1,176 bytes) – 标准MPEG音频中未压缩的单通道帧长度(每秒75帧,每通道),以标准质量16-bit 采样律44,100 Hz
104   15,360 bits – 在一个8位单色文本控制台(80x24)上一个屏幕上显示的数据
214   16,384 bits (2 kibibytes) – 一个文本输入页[3]FC游戏机RAM的容量
215   32,768 bits (4 kibibytes)
216   65,536 bits (8 kibibytes)
105   100,000 bits
217   131,072 bits (16 kibibytes) – 最小的Sinclair ZX SpectrumRAM的容量
160 kilobits - 这篇文章的近似大小(2010年4月15日)
218   262,144 bits (32 kibibytes)
219   524,288 bits (64 kibibytes)
– 很多流行的8位计算机(如C-64Amstrad CPC等)的RAM的容量
– 16位元CPU(如Intel 8086/8088)的記憶體區段上限
106 megabit 1,000,000 bits
220 mebibit 1,048,576 bits (128 kibibytes) – 一些流行的8位计算的(如C-128,Amstrad CPC等)的RAM的容量
1,978,560 bits – 标准清晰度黑白传真的一个单页 (1728 × 1145 pixels)
221   2,097,152 bits (256 kibibytes)
4,147,200 bits – 未压缩的NTSC DVD视频的一帧(720 × 480 × 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
222   4,194,304 bits (512 kibibytes)
4,976,640 bits – 未压缩的PALDVD视频的一帧(720 × 576 × 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
8,343,400 bits – 一张质量不错的典型照片(1024 × 768 pixels)。
223 mebibyte 8,388,608 bits (1024 kibibytes)
107   11,520,000 bits – 一个分辨率较低的计算机显示器(截至2006年)的像素容量,800 × 600 像素,24 bpp(True Color
11,796,480 bits – 一個 3.5 英吋 软盘 的容量,俗称1.44 MB,但实际上为1.44 × 1000 × 1024 bytes
224   16,777,216 bits (2 mebibytes)
25 megabits – 一个典型彩色幻灯片的数据量
225   33,554,432 bits (4 mebibytes) – Nintendo 64RAM的容量
41,943,040 bits (5 mebibytes) – 近似莎士比亚全集[3]的字数
55,296,000 bits – 一个高分辨率的彩色计算机显示器(截至2007年)的像素容量,1920 × 1200 pixels,24 bpp
50–100 megabits – 一个典型电话簿的数据量
226  
108  
67,108,864 bit (8 mebibytes)
227   134,217,728 bits (16 mebibytes)
150 megabits – 一个大折页地图的信息量
228   268,435,456 (32 mebibytes)
423,360,000 bits: 一个5分钟的CD品质录音
229   536,870,912 bits (64 mebibytes)
109 gigabit 1,000,000,000 bits
230 gibibit 1,073,741,824 bits (128 mebibytes)
231   2,147,483,648 bits (256 mebibytes)
232   4,294,967,296 bits (512 mebibytes)
5.45×109 bits (650 mebibytes) – 一张普通CD的容量
5.89×109 bits (702 mebibytes) – 一张大容量CD的容量
6.4×109 bits – 人类基因组的容量(假设每个碱基对为2 bit)
233 gibibyte 8,589,934,592 bits (1024 mebibytes)
1010   10,000,000,000 bits
234   17,179,869,184 bits (2 gibibytes) – FAT16定址能力上限
235   34,359,738,368 bits (4 gibibytes)
3.76×1010 bits (4.7 gigabytes) – 一個單面單層 DVD 的容量
236   68,719,476,736 bits (8 gibibytes)
1011   100,000,000,000 bits
237   137,438,953,472 bits (16 gibibytes)
1.46×1011 bits (17 gigabytes) – 一個雙面雙層 DVD 的容量
2.15×1011 bits (25 gigabytes) – 一个单面单层的12-cm蓝光光盘的容量
238   274,877,906,944 bits (32 gibibytes)
239   549,755,813,888 bits (64 gibibytes)
1012 terabit 1,000,000,000,000 bits (125 gigabytes)
240 tebibit 1.34×1012 bits – Polychaos dubium基因组的估计容量,已知最大的基因组
1.6×1012 bits (200 gigabytes) – 一块硬盘的平均容量(截至2008年)
241   2,199,023,255,552 bits (256 gibibytes)
242   4,398,046,511,104 bits (512 gibibytes)
243 tebibyte 8,796,093,022,208 bits (1024 gibibytes)
(approximately) 8.97×1012 bits – 截至2010年,经过计算的π的最大位数(2.7×1012)
1013   10,000,000,000,000 bits (1.25 terabytes) – 人类记忆功能体的容量(根据雷蒙德·库茨魏尔发表的奇点迫近, p. 126)
244   17,592,186,044,416 bits (2 tebibytes) – FAT32定址能力上限
245   35,184,372,088,832 bits (4 tebibytes)
246   70,368,744,177,664 bits (8 tebibytes)
1014   100,000,000,000,000 bits
247   140,737,488,355,328 bits (16 tebibytes)
1.5×1014 bits (18.75 terabytes)
248   281,474,976,710,656 bits (32 tebibytes)
249   562,949,953,421,312 bits (64 tebibytes)
1015 petabit 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits
250 pebibit 1,125,899,906,842,624 bits (128 tebibytes)
2.4×1015 bits (300 terabytes) – 互联网档案馆容量的大小(截至2004年)
251   2,251,799,813,685,248 bits (256 tebibytes) – NTFS定址能力上限
252   4,503,599,627,370,496 bits (512 tebibytes)
1,000,000,000,000,000 bits (1015 bytes) – 一个petabyte
253 pebibyte 9,007,199,254,740,992 bits (1024 tebibytes)
1016   10,000,000,000,000,000 bits
254   18,014,398,509,481,984 bits (2 pebibytes)
255   36,028,797,018,963,968 bits (4 pebibytes)
4.5×1016 bits (5.625 petabytes) – 截至2004年,Google服务器场的估计容量
256   72,057,594,037,927,936 bits (8 pebibytes)
10 petabytes (1016 bytes) – 国会图书馆 (美国)藏品数量的估计近似值,包括非书籍资料,截至2005年[4]
1017   100,000,000,000,000,000 bits
257   144,115,188,075,855,872 bits (16 pebibytes)
258   288,230,376,151,711,744 bits (32 pebibytes)
259   576,460,752,303,423,488 bits (64 pebibytes)
8 ×1017, 科幻 星际旅行Data的储存容量
1018 exabit 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
260 exbibit 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bits (128 pebibytes)
1.6×1018 bits (200 petabytes) – 全世界印刷材料的总量(截至2012年)
261   2,305,843,009,213,693,952 bits (256 pebibytes)
262   4,611,686,018,427,387,904 bits (512 pebibytes)
263 exbibyte 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 bits (1024 pebibytes)
1019   10,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
264   18,446,744,073,709,551,616, bits (2 exbibytes)
265   36,893,488,147,419,103,232, bits (4 exbibytes)
50,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (5 exabyte)
266   73,786,976,294,838,206,464, bits (8 exbibytes)
1020   100,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
267   147,573,952,589,676,412,928 bits (16 exbibytes)
268   295,147,905,179,352,825,856 bits (32 exbibytes)
3.5 × 1020 bits – 在300 K (27°C)时,当1焦耳的能量被加入一个热浴后,信息容量的增加量[5]
269   590,295,810,358,705,651,712 bits (64 exbibytes)
1021 zettabit 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
270 zebibit 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bits (128 exbibytes)
271   2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848 bits (256 exbibytes)
3.4×1021 bits (0.36 zettabytes) – 在1DNA中可以储存的信息量[6]
272   4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 bits (512 exbibytes)
273 zebibyte 9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bits (1024 exbibytes) – GTP定址能力上限
1022   10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
    1023   1.0×1023 bits – 在1 K (-272.15°C)时,当1焦耳的能量被加入一个热浴后,信息量的增加值[7]
6.0×1023 bits – 1摩尔(12.01 g)的石墨,在25°C时的信息量;相当于平均0.996 bits每个原子[8]
1024 Yobibyte 7.3×10 24 bits – 1摩尔(18.02 g)液体,在25°C时的信息量;相当于平均12.14 bits每个分子[9]
280 Yobibyte 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bits (128 zebibytes)
    1025   1.1×1025 bits – 1摩尔(18.02 g)水,在100°C,标准大气压下,蒸发时熵的增加;相当于平均18.90 bits每个分子。[10]
1.5×1025 bits – 1摩尔(20.18 g)气在25°C并且1个标准大气压下的信息量;相当于平均25.39 bits每个原子。[11]
2150   1045   ~ 1045 bits – 在计算机上完美重建美国成年男性平均体型到量子水平所需的位数是2×1045比特信息(貝肯斯坦上限)。
    1058   ~ 1058 bits – 太阳的热力学熵[12] (大约30 bits每质子,加上10 bits每电子)。
    1069   ~ 1069 bits – 银河系的热力学熵 (只计算恒星,不包括星系中的黑洞)
2256   1077   1.5×1077 bits – 一个太阳质量的黑洞的信息量。[13]
2305   1092   可观测宇宙的信息量。[14]

相關

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十進制
二進制

參考

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  1. ^ Definitions of the SI units: The binary prefixes. physics.nist.gov. [2020-06-17]. 
  2. ^ quantifiers. www.catb.org. [24 January 2022]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 A special report on managing information: All too much. The Economist. 2010-02-25 [2010-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-04). 
  4. ^ Hickey, Thom (OCLC Chief Scientist). Entire Library of Congress. Outgoing. June 21, 2005 [2010-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-29). 
  5. ^ J K-1
  6. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2010-09-19]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03). 
  7. ^ 1 J K−1. Equivalent to 1/(k ln 2) bits, where k is Boltzmann's constant
  8. ^ Equivalent to 5.74 J K−1. Standard molar entropy of graphite.
  9. ^ Equivalent to 69.95 J K−1. Standard molar entropy of water.
  10. ^ Equivalent to 108.9 J K−1
  11. ^ Equivalent to 146.33 J K−1 Standard molar entropy of neon. An experimental value, see [1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) for a theoretical calculation.
  12. ^ Given as 1042 erg K-1 in Bekenstein (1973), Black Holes and Entropy[永久失效連結], Physical Review D 7 2338
  13. ^ Entropy = in nats, with for a Schwartzschild black hole. 1 nat = 1/ln(2) bits. See Jacob D. Bekenstein (2008), Bekenstein-Hawking entropy页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Scholarpedia.
  14. ^ Seth Lloyd (2002), Computational capacity of the universe, Physical Review Letters 88 (23):237901.