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建中殿:修订间差异

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'''建中殿'''({{lang-vi|Điện Kiến Trung}}),位于[[越南]][[顺化市]][[紫禁城 (顺化市)|紫禁城]]中轴线最北端,为欧式宫殿,结合越南和西洋的装饰风格<ref name=":kha">{{cite web| url=https://khamphahue.com.vn/en-us/Discover-Hue/Detail/tid/Kien-Trung-Palace.html/pid/16656/cid/485 | title= Kien Trung Palace | website= khamphahue.com.vn |date=2024| access-date=2024-03-20| language=en }}</ref>。始建于1923年,是[[阮朝]]最后两代[[越南君主列表|皇帝]][[启定帝]]和[[保大帝]]在顺化紫禁城的居所<ref name=":vplus">{{cite web| url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/restoration-of-nguyen-dynastys-kien-trung-palace-starts/146695.vnp | title= Restoration of Nguyen Dynasty’s Kien Trung Palace starts | website=www.vietnamplus.vn |date=2019-02-16 |access-date=2024-01-10| language=en }}</ref>。1947年被[[越盟]]捣毁。2023年在原址复原重建,现对外开放。
'''建中殿'''({{lang-vi|Điện Kiến Trung}}),位于[[越南]][[顺化市]][[紫禁城 (顺化市)|紫禁城]]中轴线最北端,为欧式宫殿,结合越南和西洋的装饰风格<ref name=":kha">{{cite web | url=https://khamphahue.com.vn/en-us/Discover-Hue/Detail/tid/Kien-Trung-Palace.html/pid/16656/cid/485 | title=Kien Trung Palace | website=khamphahue.com.vn | date=2024 | access-date=2024-03-20 | language=en | archive-date=2024-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712170626/https://khamphahue.com.vn/en-us/Discover-Hue/Detail/tid/Kien-Trung-Palace.html/pid/16656/cid/485 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。始建于1923年,是[[阮朝]]最后两代[[越南君主列表|皇帝]][[启定帝]]和[[保大帝]]在顺化紫禁城的居所<ref name=":vplus">{{cite web | url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/restoration-of-nguyen-dynastys-kien-trung-palace-starts/146695.vnp | title=Restoration of Nguyen Dynasty’s Kien Trung Palace starts | website=www.vietnamplus.vn | date=2019-02-16 | access-date=2024-01-10 | language=en | archive-date=2024-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215344/https://en.vietnamplus.vn/restoration-of-nguyen-dynastys-kien-trung-palace-starts/146695.vnp | dead-url=no }}</ref>。1947年被[[越盟]]捣毁。2023年在原址复原重建,现对外开放。


== 历史 ==
== 历史 ==
1921年,[[启定帝]]下令在紫禁城内修建一座欧式宫殿,1923年完工,赐名建中殿,为启定帝的起居场所<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":mia" />。原址是[[明命帝]]下令修建的明遠樓及[[维新帝]]修建的游九楼<ref name=":vplus" />。建中殿使用现代技术和材料建造而成,如水泥、钢铁、玻璃等,装有电灯、自来水、洒水器、避雷针、铁门<ref name="VNA">{{cite web |title=壮丽的建中殿 |url=https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/chinese/long-form/%E5%A3%AE%E4%B8%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%AE%BF-371761.html |website=越通社 |accessdate=2024-11-03}}</ref>。
1921年,[[启定帝]]下令在紫禁城内修建一座欧式宫殿,1923年完工,赐名建中殿,为启定帝的起居场所<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":mia" />。原址是[[明命帝]]下令修建的明遠樓及[[维新帝]]修建的游九楼<ref name=":vplus" />。建中殿使用现代技术和材料建造而成,如水泥、钢铁、玻璃等,装有电灯、自来水、洒水器、避雷针、铁门<ref name="VNA">{{cite web |title=壮丽的建中殿 |url=https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/chinese/long-form/%E5%A3%AE%E4%B8%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%AE%BF-371761.html |website=越通社 |accessdate=2024-11-03 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720191320/https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/chinese/long-form/%E5%A3%AE%E4%B8%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%AE%BF-371761.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


1925年,启定帝在殿内驾崩<ref name=artsofasia>{{Cite journal |last=Swart |first=Paula |last2=Till |first2=Barry |date=2015 |title=Between Two Worlds: Emperor Khai Dinh’s Architectural Legacy |journal=Arts of Asia |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=117–133 |via=}}</ref>。
1925年,启定帝在殿内驾崩<ref name=artsofasia>{{Cite journal |last=Swart |first=Paula |last2=Till |first2=Barry |date=2015 |title=Between Two Worlds: Emperor Khai Dinh’s Architectural Legacy |journal=Arts of Asia |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=117–133 |via=}}</ref>。


[[保大帝]]即位后,和[[南芳皇后]]一同在殿内起居办公,一反帝后分居之传统。1932年,大殿完成翻修,安装现代浴室等设施,更为现代化<ref name=":mia">{{cite web| url=https://mia.vn/cam-nang-du-lich/tham-quan-dien-kien-trung-14169 | title= Điện Kiến Trung lưu giữ nét đẹp kiến trúc một thời của Tử Cấm thành | website=www.mia.vn |date=2023-12-28 |access-date=2024-01-10| language=vi }}</ref>。1936年1月4日,太子[[阮福保隆]]在殿内出生。
[[保大帝]]即位后,和[[南芳皇后]]一同在殿内起居办公,一反帝后分居之传统。1932年,大殿完成翻修,安装现代浴室等设施,更为现代化<ref name=":mia">{{cite web | url=https://mia.vn/cam-nang-du-lich/tham-quan-dien-kien-trung-14169 | title=Điện Kiến Trung lưu giữ nét đẹp kiến trúc một thời của Tử Cấm thành | website=www.mia.vn | date=2023-12-28 | access-date=2024-01-10 | language=vi | archive-date=2024-01-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111132020/https://mia.vn/cam-nang-du-lich/tham-quan-dien-kien-trung-14169 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。1936年1月4日,太子[[阮福保隆]]在殿内出生。


1945年3月9日,日军发动[[三九政变]],解散[[法属印度支那]]政权,保大帝在建中殿宣布独立,建[[越南帝国]]<ref>Nguyễn Ngọc Phách. ''Chữ Nho và đời sống mới''. Melbourne: Hải Ngoại, 2004. Trang 525.</ref><ref>Dommen, Arthur. ''The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans''. Bloomington, IN: Đại học Indiana Press, 2001. Trang 83</ref>。1945年8月25日,因[[越盟]]发动[[八月革命]],保大帝在建中殿宣读退位诏书<ref>{{cite book | last1 = | first1 = | year =1990 | title =Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam | trans-title =Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam | language =vi | publisher =Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản | ref = {{sfnRef|Bảo Đại|1990}} }} Translated from ''Le dragon d'Annam, Bao Dai'', {{tsl|en|Plon (publisher)||Plon}}, 1980. (in [[法语|French]])</ref>,离开顺化皇城,逃往中国。南芳皇后则带子女迁居[[安定宫]]<ref name="artsofasia" /><ref name=":andinh">{{Cite book|last1=Kemlein |first1=Martin |title=An Dinh Hués verborgener Schatz – Bá vât tiém ân cùa Hue – Hué’s Hiddden Pearl |year=2010 |publisher=Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany |location=Berlin |pages=72 |language= de,vi,en |url=https://issuu.com/dgartwork/docs/andinh_publi }}</ref>。
1945年3月9日,日军发动[[三九政变]],解散[[法属印度支那]]政权,保大帝在建中殿宣布独立,建[[越南帝国]]<ref>Nguyễn Ngọc Phách. ''Chữ Nho và đời sống mới''. Melbourne: Hải Ngoại, 2004. Trang 525.</ref><ref>Dommen, Arthur. ''The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans''. Bloomington, IN: Đại học Indiana Press, 2001. Trang 83</ref>。1945年8月25日,因[[越盟]]发动[[八月革命]],保大帝在建中殿宣读退位诏书<ref>{{cite book | last1 = | first1 = | year =1990 | title =Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam | trans-title =Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam | language =vi | publisher =Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản | ref = {{sfnRef|Bảo Đại|1990}} }} Translated from ''Le dragon d'Annam, Bao Dai'', {{tsl|en|Plon (publisher)||Plon}}, 1980. (in [[法语|French]])</ref>,离开顺化皇城,逃往中国。南芳皇后则带子女迁居[[安定宫]]<ref name="artsofasia" /><ref name=":andinh">{{Cite book |last1=Kemlein |first1=Martin |title=An Dinh Hués verborgener Schatz – Bá vât tiém ân cùa Hue – Hué’s Hiddden Pearl |year=2010 |publisher=Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany |location=Berlin |pages=72 |language=de,vi,en |url=https://issuu.com/dgartwork/docs/andinh_publi |access-date=2024-11-03 |archive-date=2024-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215340/https://issuu.com/dgartwork/docs/andinh_publi |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


1947年,[[第一次印度支那战争]]期间,越盟执行[[焦土政策]],将建中殿炸毁<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":baot" /><ref>Hà Thúc Ký. ''Sống còn với Dân tộc, hồi ký chính trị''. ?: Phương Nghi, 2009. tr 131-2</ref><ref name=":1">Nguyễn Bá Chí, ''Compte-rendu d’une mission a Hué (Centre Viêtnam)'', DÂN VIỆT NAM (Le peuple Vietnamien), No. 1, Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, 1948, p. 81-85</ref>,仅余地基<ref name="VNA"/><ref name=":baot" />。
1947年,[[第一次印度支那战争]]期间,越盟执行[[焦土政策]],将建中殿炸毁<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":baot" /><ref>Hà Thúc Ký. ''Sống còn với Dân tộc, hồi ký chính trị''. ?: Phương Nghi, 2009. tr 131-2</ref><ref name=":1">Nguyễn Bá Chí, ''Compte-rendu d’une mission a Hué (Centre Viêtnam)'', DÂN VIỆT NAM (Le peuple Vietnamien), No. 1, Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, 1948, p. 81-85</ref>,仅余地基<ref name="VNA"/><ref name=":baot" />。


=== 重建 ===
=== 重建 ===
2013年,顺化故都遗迹保存中心({{lang|vi|Trung tâm Bảo tồn di tích cố đô Huế}})启动建中殿复原重建项目,并展开相关历史研究<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://tuoitre.vn/news-20201002085917832.htm|title=Điện Kiến Trung bị phục hồi sai lệch?|date=2020-10-02|website=Tuổi Trẻ Online|language=vi|url-status=live|access-date=2023-10-04}}</ref>。2019年2月16日开工,2023年末完工<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":baot">{{cite web| url=https://news.baothuathienhue.vn/culture/the-restoration-of-kien-trung-palace-due-to-be-completed-by-the-end-of-2023-126643.html | title=The restoration of Kien Trung Palace due to be completed by the end of 2023 | website=www. baothuathienhue.vn |date=2023-07-14| access-date=2024-01-10| language=en }}</ref>,工程耗资约1,230億盾<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vnexpress.net/dien-kien-trung-sau-4-nam-trung-tu-4572832.html|title=Điện Kiến Trung sau 4 năm trùng tu|website=vnexpress.net|language=vi|url-status=live|access-date=2023-10-04}}</ref>。2024年春节起正式对公众开放<ref name=":vov">{{cite web| url=https://english.vov.vn/en/travel/two-former-royal-palaces-to-open-door-to-visitors-during-lunar-new-year-post1070064.vov | title= Two former royal palaces to open door to visitors during Lunar New Year | website=www.vov.vn |date=2024-01-06| access-date=2024-01-10| language=en }}</ref>。
2013年,顺化故都遗迹保存中心({{lang|vi|Trung tâm Bảo tồn di tích cố đô Huế}})启动建中殿复原重建项目,并展开相关历史研究<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://tuoitre.vn/news-20201002085917832.htm|title=Điện Kiến Trung bị phục hồi sai lệch?|date=2020-10-02|website=Tuổi Trẻ Online|language=vi|url-status=live|access-date=2023-10-04}}</ref>。2019年2月16日开工,2023年末完工<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":baot">{{cite web | url=https://news.baothuathienhue.vn/culture/the-restoration-of-kien-trung-palace-due-to-be-completed-by-the-end-of-2023-126643.html | title=The restoration of Kien Trung Palace due to be completed by the end of 2023 | website=www. baothuathienhue.vn | date=2023-07-14 | access-date=2024-01-10 | language=en | archive-date=2024-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215343/https://news.baothuathienhue.vn/culture/the-restoration-of-kien-trung-palace-due-to-be-completed-by-the-end-of-2023-126643.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>,工程耗资约1,230億[[越南盾|]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vnexpress.net/dien-kien-trung-sau-4-nam-trung-tu-4572832.html|title=Điện Kiến Trung sau 4 năm trùng tu|website=vnexpress.net|language=vi|url-status=no|access-date=2023-10-04|archive-date=2024-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225222949/https://vnexpress.net/dien-kien-trung-sau-4-nam-trung-tu-4572832.html}}</ref>。2024年春节起正式对公众开放<ref name=":vov">{{cite web | url=https://english.vov.vn/en/travel/two-former-royal-palaces-to-open-door-to-visitors-during-lunar-new-year-post1070064.vov | title=Two former royal palaces to open door to visitors during Lunar New Year | website=www.vov.vn | date=2024-01-06 | access-date=2024-01-10 | language=en | archive-date=2024-01-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112065344/https://english.vov.vn/en/travel/two-former-royal-palaces-to-open-door-to-visitors-during-lunar-new-year-post1070064.vov | dead-url=no }}</ref>。


== 建筑 ==
== 建筑 ==
建中殿为东西[[折衷主义建筑]],结合了欧洲的[[義大利文藝復興]]风格、法国[[新古典主义建筑|新古典主义]]风格和越南阮朝皇家建筑风格<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":baot" />。立面有大量越式[[剪瓷雕]]装饰,殿顶建有东亚式的屋脊。殿前公园为[[装饰风艺术]]造园风格<ref name=":mia" />。
建中殿为东西[[折衷主义建筑]],结合了欧洲的[[義大利文藝復興]]风格、法国[[新古典主义建筑|新古典主义]]风格和越南阮朝皇家建筑风格<ref name=":vplus" /><ref name=":baot" />。面阔66米,立面有大量越式[[剪瓷雕]]装饰,殿顶建有东亚式的屋脊。殿前公园为[[装饰风艺术]]造园风格<ref name=":mia" />。


== 图册 ==
== 图册 ==
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[[Category:阮朝宫殿]]
[[Category:阮朝宫殿]]
[[Category:顺化古迹建筑群]]
[[Category:顺化古迹建筑群]]
[[Category:1923年完工建築物]]

2024年12月21日 (六) 08:35的最新版本

建中殿
Điện Kiến Trung
2023年重建的建中殿
概要
類型宮殿
建築風格折衷主义
所屬國家/地區 越南
行政区越南承天顺化省顺化市紫禁城
坐标16°28′16″N 107°34′35″E / 16.471086°N 107.576523°E / 16.471086; 107.576523
起造1902年
地圖
地图

建中殿越南語Điện Kiến Trung),位于越南顺化市紫禁城中轴线最北端,为欧式宫殿,结合越南和西洋的装饰风格[1]。始建于1923年,是阮朝最后两代皇帝启定帝保大帝在顺化紫禁城的居所[2]。1947年被越盟捣毁。2023年在原址复原重建,现对外开放。

历史

[编辑]

1921年,启定帝下令在紫禁城内修建一座欧式宫殿,1923年完工,赐名建中殿,为启定帝的起居场所[2][3]。原址是明命帝下令修建的明遠樓及维新帝修建的游九楼[2]。建中殿使用现代技术和材料建造而成,如水泥、钢铁、玻璃等,装有电灯、自来水、洒水器、避雷针、铁门[4]

1925年,启定帝在殿内驾崩[5]

保大帝即位后,和南芳皇后一同在殿内起居办公,一反帝后分居之传统。1932年,大殿完成翻修,安装现代浴室等设施,更为现代化[3]。1936年1月4日,太子阮福保隆在殿内出生。

1945年3月9日,日军发动三九政变,解散法属印度支那政权,保大帝在建中殿宣布独立,建越南帝国[6][7]。1945年8月25日,因越盟发动八月革命,保大帝在建中殿宣读退位诏书[8],离开顺化皇城,逃往中国。南芳皇后则带子女迁居安定宫[5][9]

1947年,第一次印度支那战争期间,越盟执行焦土政策,将建中殿炸毁[2][10][11][12],仅余地基[4][10]

重建

[编辑]

2013年,顺化故都遗迹保存中心(Trung tâm Bảo tồn di tích cố đô Huế)启动建中殿复原重建项目,并展开相关历史研究[13]。2019年2月16日开工,2023年末完工[2][10],工程耗资约1,230億[13][14]。2024年春节起正式对公众开放[15]

建筑

[编辑]

建中殿为东西折衷主义建筑,结合了欧洲的義大利文藝復興风格、法国新古典主义风格和越南阮朝皇家建筑风格[2][10]。面阔66米,立面有大量越式剪瓷雕装饰,殿顶建有东亚式的屋脊。殿前公园为装饰风艺术造园风格[3]

图册

[编辑]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Kien Trung Palace. khamphahue.com.vn. 2024 [2024-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-12) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Restoration of Nguyen Dynasty’s Kien Trung Palace starts. www.vietnamplus.vn. 2019-02-16 [2024-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-10) (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Điện Kiến Trung lưu giữ nét đẹp kiến trúc một thời của Tử Cấm thành. www.mia.vn. 2023-12-28 [2024-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-11) (越南语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 壮丽的建中殿. 越通社. [2024-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-20). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Swart, Paula; Till, Barry. Between Two Worlds: Emperor Khai Dinh’s Architectural Legacy. Arts of Asia. 2015, 45 (3): 117–133. 
  6. ^ Nguyễn Ngọc Phách. Chữ Nho và đời sống mới. Melbourne: Hải Ngoại, 2004. Trang 525.
  7. ^ Dommen, Arthur. The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans. Bloomington, IN: Đại học Indiana Press, 2001. Trang 83
  8. ^ Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam [Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam]. Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản. 1990 (越南语).  Translated from Le dragon d'Annam, Bao Dai, Plon英语Plon (publisher), 1980. (in French)
  9. ^ Kemlein, Martin. An Dinh Hués verborgener Schatz – Bá vât tiém ân cùa Hue – Hué’s Hiddden Pearl. Berlin: Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany. 2010: 72 [2024-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-10) (德语、越南语及英语). 
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  11. ^ Hà Thúc Ký. Sống còn với Dân tộc, hồi ký chính trị. ?: Phương Nghi, 2009. tr 131-2
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  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Điện Kiến Trung bị phục hồi sai lệch?. Tuổi Trẻ Online. 2020-10-02 [2023-10-04] (越南语). 
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