氢碘酸:修订间差异
外观
删除的内容 添加的内容
HerculeBot(留言 | 贡献) 小 r2.7.1) (机器人添加:et:Vesinikjodiidhape |
Jackhammer0715(留言 | 贡献) 小 →性質: 修饰语句 |
||
(未显示16个用户的33个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{NoteTA |
|||
|1=zh-cn:砹; zh-hk:砹; zh-tw:砈; |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{Chembox |
{{Chembox |
||
| Name = 氢碘酸 |
| Name = 氢碘酸 |
||
| ImageFile = Hydrogen-iodide-2D-dimensions. |
| ImageFile = Hydrogen-iodide-2D-dimensions.svg |
||
<!-- | ImageSize = 120px --> |
<!-- | ImageSize = 120px --> |
||
| ImageName = 碘化氢分子 |
| ImageName = 碘化氢分子 |
||
第7行: | 第10行: | ||
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 150px --> |
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 150px --> |
||
| ImageName1 = 碘化氢分子 |
| ImageName1 = 碘化氢分子 |
||
| IUPACName = Iodane<ref>{{cite book|title=Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013|editor=Henri A. Favre|editor2=Warren H. Powell|date=2014|publisher=The [[Royal Society of Chemistry]]|place=Cambridge|page=131}}</ref> |
|||
| IUPACName = Hydrogen iodide |
|||
| OtherNames = 水溶液称氢碘酸 |
| OtherNames = 水溶液称氢碘酸 |
||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
||
| |
| CASNo = 10034-85-2 |
||
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|||
| |
| RTECS = MW3760000 |
||
⚫ | |||
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}| ChemSpiderID = 255 |
|||
| InChI = 1/BrH/h1H |
|||
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}| ChEBI = 47266 |
|||
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}| StdInChI = 1S/BrH/h1H |
|||
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}| StdInChIKey = CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|||
| SMILES = I |
|||
| InChIKey = CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYAZ |
|||
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}| UNII = 3IY7CNP8XJ |
|||
| EINECS = 233-113-0 |
|||
| PubChem = 260 |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
||
| Formula = HI |
| Formula = HI |
||
| MolarMass = 127.904 |
| MolarMass = 127.904 |
||
| Appearance = 无色液体,氧化变为黄色至红棕色<ref>{{cite book|location=Washington, DC|language=en|isbn=9780841230460|publisher=American Chemical Society|date=2017-01|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsreagents.4160|title=Hydriodic Acid, 47%: (with stabilizer)|accessdate=2022-01-12|doi=10.1021/acsreagents.4160}}</ref> |
|||
| Appearance = 無色液體 |
|||
| Density = |
| Density = |
||
| MeltingPt = |
| MeltingPt = |
||
第28行: | 第42行: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
||
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.camd.lsu.edu/msds/h/hydrogen_iodide.htm 碘化氢]<br /> [http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/HY/hydroiodic_acid.html 氢碘酸] |
| ExternalMSDS = [https://web.archive.org/web/20061006211537/http://www.camd.lsu.edu/msds/h/hydrogen_iodide.htm 碘化氢]<br /> [http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/HY/hydroiodic_acid.html 氢碘酸] |
||
| MainHazards = 有毒、腐蚀性 |
| MainHazards = 有毒、腐蚀性 |
||
| NFPA-H = 3 | Reactivity=1 |
| NFPA-H = 3 | Reactivity=1 |
||
第34行: | 第48行: | ||
| NFPA-R = |
| NFPA-R = |
||
| FlashPt = 不可燃 |
| FlashPt = 不可燃 |
||
| RPhrases = {{ |
| RPhrases = {{R20}}-{{R21}}-{{R22}}-{{R35}} |
||
| SPhrases = {{ |
| SPhrases = {{S7}}-{{S9}}-{{S26}}-{{S45}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
| Section8 = |
| Section8 = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''氢碘酸'''是[[碘化氫]]的[[水溶液]],是種非[[氧化性]]酸,化學式HI。氢碘酸是一種[[強酸]]。[[腐蝕性]]強,有危險性,能灼傷[[皮膚]]。 |
'''氢碘酸'''是[[碘化氫]]的[[水溶液]],是種非[[氧化性]]酸,[[化學式]]為{{化學式|氫|碘}}。氢碘酸的浓度通常为 48 - 57% HI。氢碘酸是一種[[強酸]]。[[腐蝕性]]強,有危險性,能灼傷[[皮膚]]。 它是第二强的[[氢卤酸]],仅次于[[氫砈酸]]。氢碘酸是一种常用的化学试剂,是在水溶液中完全[[电离]]的[[强酸]]之一。 |
||
由於氢碘酸可用於製造[[甲基安非他命]]之還原劑,因此被列入[[美國緝毒局化學品監控列表]]的第一類化學品。 |
|||
==性質== |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
==反应== |
|||
氢碘酸会和空气中的氧气反应,使旧样本的颜色变深: |
|||
:4 HI + O<sub>2</sub> → 2 {{chem|H|2|O}} + 2 I<sub>2</sub> |
|||
:HI + I<sub>2</sub> → HI<sub>3</sub> |
|||
像其他卤化氢一样,氢碘酸将与不饱和烃(例如[[烯烃]])进行加成反应。 它也可以作为还原剂使用,例如在芳香族[[硝基化合物的还原反应]]中,也可以用作苯胺的还原剂。 <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=J. S. Dileep|last2=Ho|first2=ManKit M.|last3=Toyokuni|first3=Tatsushi|date=2001|title=Simple and chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines: reduction with hydriodic acid revisited|url=|journal=Tetrahedron Letters|volume=42|issue=33|pages=5601–5603|doi=10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01083-8|issn=}}</ref> |
|||
===Cativa 催化法=== |
|||
[[Cativa催化法]]是氢碘酸的最大用途,作为通过[[甲醇]]的{{le|羰基化|Carbonylation}}生产[[乙酸]]的助催化剂。 <ref name = "Cativa">{{cite journal|title = The Cativa<sup>TM</sup> Process for the Manufacture of Acetic Acid|author = Jones, J. H.|journal = [[Platinum Metals Rev.]]|year = 2000|volume = 44|issue = 3|pages = 94–105|url = http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v44-i3-094-105.pdf|access-date = 2020-10-05|archive-date = 2015-09-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074441/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v44-i3-094-105.pdf|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |
|||
| title = High productivity methanol carbonylation catalysis using iridium - The Cativa<sup>TM</sup> process for the manufacture of acetic acid |
|||
|author1=Sunley, G. J. |author2=Watson, D. J. | journal = Catalysis Today |
|||
| year = 2000 |
|||
| volume = 58 |
|||
| issue = 4 |
|||
| pages = 293–307 |
|||
| doi = 10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00263-7 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
[[File:Cativa-process-catalytic-cycle.png|center|400px|Cativa 催化法的过程]] |
|||
=== 非法使用 === |
|||
氢碘酸被列入[[美国缉毒局化学品监控列表]],原因是它被用作由[[麻黄碱]] 或[[伪麻黄碱]]产生[[甲基苯丙胺]]有关的[[还原剂]]。(从鼻充血药中回收) <ref>Skinner, Harry F. "Methamphetamine Synthesis via HI/Red Phosphorus Reduction of Ephedrine". Forensic Science International, 48 128-134 (1990)</ref> |
|||
==用途== |
==用途== |
||
第46行: | 第91行: | ||
#[[有機化學]]中的[[還原劑]]。 |
#[[有機化學]]中的[[還原劑]]。 |
||
== 参考资料 == |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
== 外部链接 == |
|||
*[http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc13/icsc1326.htm International Chemical Safety Card 1326] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc13/icsc1326.htm |date=20090520062935 }} |
|||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722200125/http://ecb.jrc.it/ European Chemicals Bureau] |
|||
{{碘化物}} |
|||
[[Category:无机酸]] |
[[Category:无机酸]] |
||
[[Category:腐蝕性化學品]] |
[[Category:腐蝕性化學品]] |
||
[[Category:还原剂]] |
|||
[[Category:氫化合物]] |
|||
[[cs:Kyselina jodovodíková]] |
|||
[[Category:碘化物]] |
|||
[[cy:Asid hydroiodig]] |
|||
[[Category:強酸]] |
|||
[[de:Iodwasserstoffsäure]] |
|||
[[et:Vesinikjodiidhape]] |
|||
[[fr:Acide iodhydrique]] |
|||
[[it:Acido iodidrico]] |
|||
[[ro:Acid iodhidric]] |
|||
[[sk:Kyselina jodovodíková]] |
|||
[[th:ไฮโดรเจนไอโอไดด์]] |
2022年6月21日 (二) 18:08的最新版本
氢碘酸 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 Iodane[1] | |
别名 | 水溶液称氢碘酸 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 10034-85-2 |
PubChem | 260 |
ChemSpider | 255 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYAZ |
EINECS | 233-113-0 |
ChEBI | 47266 |
RTECS | MW3760000 |
性质 | |
化学式 | HI |
摩尔质量 | 127.904 g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 无色液体,氧化变为黄色至红棕色[2] |
pKa | –9.48 |
结构 | |
分子构型 | 直线型 |
偶极矩 | 0.38 D |
危险性 | |
警示术语 | R:R20-R21-R22-R35 |
安全术语 | S:S7-S9-S26-S45 |
MSDS | 碘化氢 氢碘酸 |
主要危害 | 有毒、腐蚀性 |
NFPA 704 | |
闪点 | 不可燃 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
氢碘酸是碘化氫的水溶液,是種非氧化性酸,化學式為HI。氢碘酸的浓度通常为 48 - 57% HI。氢碘酸是一種強酸。腐蝕性強,有危險性,能灼傷皮膚。 它是第二强的氢卤酸,仅次于氫砈酸。氢碘酸是一种常用的化学试剂,是在水溶液中完全电离的强酸之一。
由於氢碘酸可用於製造甲基安非他命之還原劑,因此被列入美國緝毒局化學品監控列表的第一類化學品。
性質
[编辑]碘化氫易溶於水跟乙醇,十分不穩定。製法是由碘蒸氣與氫氣在500度鉑的催化下製得,在300℃以上會分解成碘跟氫。跟氯化氫的毒性差不多。人体吸入會导致慢性支氣管炎。
危險處與鹼金屬反應會爆炸。
反应
[编辑]氢碘酸会和空气中的氧气反应,使旧样本的颜色变深:
- 4 HI + O2 → 2 H
2O + 2 I2 - HI + I2 → HI3
像其他卤化氢一样,氢碘酸将与不饱和烃(例如烯烃)进行加成反应。 它也可以作为还原剂使用,例如在芳香族硝基化合物的还原反应中,也可以用作苯胺的还原剂。 [3]
Cativa 催化法
[编辑]Cativa催化法是氢碘酸的最大用途,作为通过甲醇的羰基化生产乙酸的助催化剂。 [4][5]
非法使用
[编辑]氢碘酸被列入美国缉毒局化学品监控列表,原因是它被用作由麻黄碱 或伪麻黄碱产生甲基苯丙胺有关的还原剂。(从鼻充血药中回收) [6]
用途
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Henri A. Favre; Warren H. Powell (编). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014: 131.
- ^ Hydriodic Acid, 47%: (with stabilizer). Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. 2017-01 [2022-01-12]. ISBN 9780841230460. doi:10.1021/acsreagents.4160 (英语).
- ^ Kumar, J. S. Dileep; Ho, ManKit M.; Toyokuni, Tatsushi. Simple and chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines: reduction with hydriodic acid revisited. Tetrahedron Letters. 2001, 42 (33): 5601–5603. doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01083-8.
- ^ Jones, J. H. The CativaTM Process for the Manufacture of Acetic Acid (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 2000, 44 (3): 94–105 [2020-10-05]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-24).
- ^ Sunley, G. J.; Watson, D. J. High productivity methanol carbonylation catalysis using iridium - The CativaTM process for the manufacture of acetic acid. Catalysis Today. 2000, 58 (4): 293–307. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00263-7.
- ^ Skinner, Harry F. "Methamphetamine Synthesis via HI/Red Phosphorus Reduction of Ephedrine". Forensic Science International, 48 128-134 (1990)