赫尔曼德省:修订间差异
小 robot Adding: tr:Helmand |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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{{Afghanistan Province| |
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| name = 赫尔曼德省 |
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fas=د هلمند ولايت | |
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| native_name = ولایت هلمند |
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| native_name_lang = pa |
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en=Helmand| |
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| settlement_type = [[阿富汗行政區劃|省]] |
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Capital=拉什卡爾加市| |
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| image_skyline = Arghandab River Valley between Kandahar and Lashkar Gah.jpg |
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Areatotal=58,584| |
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| image_alt = |
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PopTotal=925,700| |
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| image_caption = [[坎大哈]]與[[拉什加爾加]]之間的阿爾甘達卜河谷 |
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year=[[2004年]]| |
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| image_flag = |
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code=HEL| |
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| flag_alt = |
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maptitle=Helmand| |
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| image_seal = |
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| seal_alt = |
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| image_shield = |
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| shield_alt = |
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| nickname = |
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| motto = |
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| image_map = Helmand in Afghanistan.svg |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = 赫爾曼德省在阿富汗的位置 |
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| coor_pinpoint = 省會 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|region:AF_type:adm1st|display = inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_type = 國家 |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan}} |
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| established_title = |
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| established_date = |
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| founder = |
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| seat_type = 省會 |
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| seat = [[拉什卡尔加]] |
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| government_footnotes = |
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| leader_party = |
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| leader_title = 省長 |
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| leader_name = Hayatullah Hayat<ref name="governor">{{cite news |author=Zain ullah Stanakzai |date=2015-08-30 |title=300 casualties inflicted on rebels in Musa Qala: Governor |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2015/08/30/300-casualties-inflicted-rebels-musa-qala-governor |newspaper=Pajhwok Afghan News |location= |access-date=2016-08-15 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026012457/https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2015/08/30/300-casualties-inflicted-rebels-musa-qala-governor |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| leader_name1 = |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 58584 |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_note = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name=cso>{{cite web |url=http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Helmand(1).pdf |title=Settled Population of Helmand province by Civil Division, Urban, Rural and Sex-2012-13 |publisher=Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Central Statistics Organization |accessdate=2012-12-27 |archive-date=2014-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226173838/http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Helmand(1).pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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| population_total = 879500 |
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| population_as_of = 2013年 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_demonym = |
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| population_note = |
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| blank_name_sec1 = 主要語言 |
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[普什图语]] |
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| timezone1 = UTC+4:30 |
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| utc_offset1 = |
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| timezone1_DST = |
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| utc_offset1_DST = |
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| postal_code_type = |
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| postal_code = |
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| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = |
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| iso_code = AF-HEL |
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| website = |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''赫尔曼德省'''({{lang |
'''赫尔曼德省'''({{lang-fa|ولایت هلمند}})是[[阿富汗行政區劃|阿富汗34個省份]]之一,位於[[阿富汗]]南部,是阿富汗最大的省份,面積達58,584平方公里,設有13個[[縣 (阿富汗)|縣]]和超過1,000個村落,人口約為1,442,500人<ref name=cso/>。省會[[拉什卡爾加]]。 |
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赫爾曼德省在20世紀[[阿富汗政治|阿富汗政府]]分離成為獨立一省以前一直是{{link-en|大坎大哈|Loy Kandahar}}地區的一部分。赫爾曼德省設有一個國內機場({{link-en|波斯特機場|Bost Airport}}),位於拉什卡爾加市內,主要由[[駐阿富汗國際維和部隊|北約]]軍隊使用。英國{{link-en|舒拉巴克營|Camp Shorabak}}和美國{{link-en|萊塞尼克營|Camp Leatherneck}}位於拉什卡爾加西南不遠處。 |
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[[赫爾曼德河]]主要在省內流過沙漠地區,為當地提供灌溉用水。{{link-en|卡賈其水壩|Kajaki Dam}}是{{link-en|阿富汗水壩及水塘列表|List of dams and reservoirs in Afghanistan|阿富汗其中一個重要的水壩}},位於{{link-en|加賈其縣|Kajaki district}}。赫爾曼德省是世界上一個大量生產[[罌粟]]的地區,佔世界總產量42%<ref name=Smh2007-03-05>{{cite news |
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| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/where-the-poppy-is-king/2007/03/04/1172943270271.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 |
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| title=Where the poppy is king |
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| publisher=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |
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| date=2007-03-05 |
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| author=Pat McGeough |
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| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605043426/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/where-the-poppy-is-king/2007/03/04/1172943270271.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 |
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| archivedate=2011-06-05 |
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| url-status=no |
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| quote=More than 90 per cent of the province's arable land is choked with the hardy plant. A 600-strong, US-trained eradication force is hopelessly behind schedule on its target for this growing season in Helmand - to clear about a third of the crop, which is estimated to be a head-spinning 70,000 hectares. |
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| accessdate=2020-03-15 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| url=http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?aid=379280&sid=WOR |
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| title=Afghanistan still the largest producer of opium: UN report |
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| publisher=[[Zee News]] |
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| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000039/http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?aid=379280&sid=WOR |
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| archivedate=2007-09-28 |
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| url-status=no |
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| quote=She said opium cultivation is concentrated in the south of the country, with just one province ‘Helmand’ accounting for 42% of all the illicit production in the world. Many of the provinces with the highest levels of production also have the worst security problems. |
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| accessdate=2020-03-15 |
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}}</ref>,比排行第二位的[[緬甸]]要多於一倍。赫爾曼德省同時生產[[煙葉|煙草]]、[[糖用甜菜]]、[[棉花]]、[[芝麻]]、[[小麥]]、[[綠豆]]、[[玉米]]、[[堅果]]、[[向日葵]]、[[洋葱]]、[[馬鈴薯]]、[[蕃茄]]、[[花椰菜]]、[[花生]]、[[杏组]]、[[葡萄]]和[[瓜]]<ref name=nps>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Docs/Executive%20Summaries/Helmand_Executive_Sum.pdf |title=Helmand |work=Program for Culture & Conflict Studies |date=2010-05-01 |access-date=2012-12-28 |archive-date=2012-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008230042/http://www.nps.edu/programs/CCS/Docs/Executive%20Summaries/Helmand_Executive_Sum.pdf }}</ref>。 |
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自從[[阿富汗戰爭 (2001年)|2001年阿富汗戰爭]]以後,赫爾曼德省就成為叛亂活動的溫床<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/03/19/could-helmand-be-the-dubai-of-afghanistan/|title=Could Helmand be the Dubai of Afghanistan?|first=Jean|last=MacKenzie|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019214722/https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/03/19/could-helmand-be-the-dubai-of-afghanistan/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10300703|title=UK's Helmand mission was 'flawed'|date=June 12, 2010|website=Bbc.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2019-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720193310/https://www.bbc.com/news/10300703|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/47cbc62a1e.html|title=Refworld | Afghanistan: Clashes in Helmand leave civilians dead, displaced|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|last=Refugees|website=Refworld.org|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928115757/https://www.refworld.org/docid/47cbc62a1e.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>,更被視為阿富汗「最危險的省份」<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/7bdbjq/notes-from-afghanistans-most-dangerous-province-102|title=Notes from Afghanistan’s Most Dangerous Province|first=Ben|last=Anderson|date=June 22, 2015|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928115759/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/7bdbjq/notes-from-afghanistans-most-dangerous-province-102|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35984894|title=Afghan forces face 'decisive' battle|first=Justin|last=Rowlatt|date=April 7, 2016|website=Bbc.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030105254/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35984894|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 |
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== 塔利班 == |
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赫尔曼德省现为[[塔利班]]武装的根据地之一,是英军和美军重兵打击叛乱份子的焦点地区,9千多名英军和另外1万名美军士兵已经被派往赫尔曼德省,以击溃塔利班并在2009年8月[[2009年阿富汗总统选举|阿富汗总统选举]]到来之前创造安全环境。打击叛乱份子的战斗相当艰难,不断上升的伤亡人数显示了这一点。<ref name="voa">{{Cite news |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/a-21-2009-08-02-voa34-60878752/1013283.html |title=打击塔利班与打击鸦片:两场战争同样艰难 |publisher=美國之音 |date=2009-08-02 |accessdate=2017-08-11 |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608175710/https://www.voachinese.com/a/a-21-2009-08-02-voa34-60878752/1013283.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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== 鸦片 == |
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[[File:AfghanPoppyHill.jpg|thumb|阿富汗赫尔曼德种植的罂粟]] |
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阿富汗出产世界上超过90%的[[鸦片]],大多來自赫尔曼德种植的[[罂粟]]。这些鸦片被走私出境,最终以[[海洛因]]的形式出售。打击不断蔓延的种植罂粟、生产鸦片的战争被证明同样艰难。截止目前,反毒的努力集中在毁坏罂粟种植地方面。<ref name= "voa"/>赫尔曼德80%的家庭种植罂粟,而种植罂粟的收益资助了塔利班叛乱。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_7500000/newsid_7501300/7501345.stm |title=身陷罌粟交易迷沼的農民 |access-date=2009-08-03 |archive-date=2019-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602210147/http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_7500000/newsid_7501300/7501345.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>罂粟不仅为塔利班带来经费支持,同时也带来了腐败的政府官员。 |
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== 参考文献 == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{ |
{{阿富汗省份}} |
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[[Category:阿富汗省份]] |
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[[de:Helmand (Provinz)]] |
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[[en:Helmand Province]] |
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[[es:Provincia de Hilmand]] |
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[[et:Helmandi provints]] |
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[[fa:استان هلمند]] |
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[[fr:Helmand]] |
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[[it:Helmand]] |
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[[ja:ヘルマンド州]] |
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[[ko:헬만드 주]] |
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[[no:Helmand (provins)]] |
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[[ps:د هلمند ولايت]] |
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[[pt:Helmand (província)]] |
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[[ru:Гильменд]] |
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[[sr:Провинција Хелманд]] |
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[[sv:Helmand (provins)]] |
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[[tg:Вилояти Ҳелманд]] |
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[[tr:Helmand]] |
2022年12月13日 (二) 11:02的最新版本
赫尔曼德省 ولایت هلمند | |
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省 | |
赫爾曼德省在阿富汗的位置 | |
坐标 (省會):31°N 64°E / 31°N 64°E | |
國家 | 阿富汗 |
省會 | 拉什卡尔加 |
政府 | |
• 省長 | Hayatullah Hayat[1] |
面积 | |
• 总计 | 58,584 平方公里(22,619 平方英里) |
人口(2013年)[2] | |
• 總計 | 879,500人 |
• 密度 | 15人/平方公里(38.9人/平方英里) |
时区 | UTC+4:30 |
ISO 3166码 | AF-HEL |
主要語言 | 普什图语 |
赫尔曼德省(波斯語:ولایت هلمند)是阿富汗34個省份之一,位於阿富汗南部,是阿富汗最大的省份,面積達58,584平方公里,設有13個縣和超過1,000個村落,人口約為1,442,500人[2]。省會拉什卡爾加。
赫爾曼德省在20世紀阿富汗政府分離成為獨立一省以前一直是大坎大哈地區的一部分。赫爾曼德省設有一個國內機場(波斯特機場),位於拉什卡爾加市內,主要由北約軍隊使用。英國舒拉巴克營和美國萊塞尼克營位於拉什卡爾加西南不遠處。
赫爾曼德河主要在省內流過沙漠地區,為當地提供灌溉用水。卡賈其水壩是阿富汗其中一個重要的水壩,位於加賈其縣。赫爾曼德省是世界上一個大量生產罌粟的地區,佔世界總產量42%[3][4],比排行第二位的緬甸要多於一倍。赫爾曼德省同時生產煙草、糖用甜菜、棉花、芝麻、小麥、綠豆、玉米、堅果、向日葵、洋葱、馬鈴薯、蕃茄、花椰菜、花生、杏组、葡萄和瓜[5]。
自從2001年阿富汗戰爭以後,赫爾曼德省就成為叛亂活動的溫床[6][7][8],更被視為阿富汗「最危險的省份」[9][10]。
塔利班
[编辑]赫尔曼德省现为塔利班武装的根据地之一,是英军和美军重兵打击叛乱份子的焦点地区,9千多名英军和另外1万名美军士兵已经被派往赫尔曼德省,以击溃塔利班并在2009年8月阿富汗总统选举到来之前创造安全环境。打击叛乱份子的战斗相当艰难,不断上升的伤亡人数显示了这一点。[11]
鸦片
[编辑]阿富汗出产世界上超过90%的鸦片,大多來自赫尔曼德种植的罂粟。这些鸦片被走私出境,最终以海洛因的形式出售。打击不断蔓延的种植罂粟、生产鸦片的战争被证明同样艰难。截止目前,反毒的努力集中在毁坏罂粟种植地方面。[11]赫尔曼德80%的家庭种植罂粟,而种植罂粟的收益资助了塔利班叛乱。[12]罂粟不仅为塔利班带来经费支持,同时也带来了腐败的政府官员。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Zain ullah Stanakzai. 300 casualties inflicted on rebels in Musa Qala: Governor. Pajhwok Afghan News. 2015-08-30 [2016-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-26).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Settled Population of Helmand province by Civil Division, Urban, Rural and Sex-2012-13 (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Central Statistics Organization. [2012-12-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-26).
- ^ Pat McGeough. Where the poppy is king. Sydney Morning Herald. 2007-03-05 [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-05).
More than 90 per cent of the province's arable land is choked with the hardy plant. A 600-strong, US-trained eradication force is hopelessly behind schedule on its target for this growing season in Helmand - to clear about a third of the crop, which is estimated to be a head-spinning 70,000 hectares.
- ^ Afghanistan still the largest producer of opium: UN report. Zee News. [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2007-09-28).
She said opium cultivation is concentrated in the south of the country, with just one province ‘Helmand’ accounting for 42% of all the illicit production in the world. Many of the provinces with the highest levels of production also have the worst security problems.
- ^ Helmand (PDF). Program for Culture & Conflict Studies. 2010-05-01 [2012-12-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-10-08).
- ^ MacKenzie, Jean. Could Helmand be the Dubai of Afghanistan?. [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-19).
- ^ UK's Helmand mission was 'flawed'. Bbc.co.uk. June 12, 2010 [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-20).
- ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. Refworld | Afghanistan: Clashes in Helmand leave civilians dead, displaced. Refworld.org. [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-28).
- ^ Anderson, Ben. Notes from Afghanistan’s Most Dangerous Province. June 22, 2015 [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-28).
- ^ Rowlatt, Justin. Afghan forces face 'decisive' battle. Bbc.co.uk. April 7, 2016 [2020-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-30).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 打击塔利班与打击鸦片:两场战争同样艰难. 美國之音. 2009-08-02 [2017-08-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-08).
- ^ 身陷罌粟交易迷沼的農民. [2009-08-03]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-02).