涅瓦河：修订间差异
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{{translation|tfrom=[[:en:Neva River]]|tpercent=4}} |
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{{NoteTA |
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|G1 = Unit |
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{{Infobox_river | river_name = 涅瓦河 |
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}} |
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| image_name = Liteyny Bridge.jpg |
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{{Infobox river |
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| caption = [[聖彼得堡]]中跨過涅瓦河之[[Liteyny Bridge]]的夜景 |
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| name = 涅瓦河 |
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| origin = [[拉多加湖]] |
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| native_name = Нева |
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| mouth = [[芬蘭灣]] |
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| native_name_lang = |
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| basin_countries = [[俄羅斯]]、[[芬蘭]]、[[白俄羅斯]] |
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| other_name = |
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| length = 74公里(46英哩) |
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| etymology = |
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| elevation = 4公尺(13英呎) |
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| image = Neva-StPetersburg2.JPG |
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| discharge = 2,600平方公尺/秒(91,832平方英呎/秒) |
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| image_size = |
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| watershed = 282,000平方公里(108,880平方英哩) |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = 涅瓦河流经[[彼得保罗要塞]] |
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| map = Niewahe.png |
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| map_size = |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = 涅瓦河的地圖和顯示其在歐洲的位置之插圖 |
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| pushpin_map = |
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| pushpin_map_size = |
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| pushpin_map_relief = |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
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| subdivision_name1 = 俄罗斯 |
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| subdivision_name2 = 列宁格勒州 |
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| subdivision_name3 = |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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| subdivision_name5 = |
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| river_system = 俄罗斯联邦 |
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| progression = |
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| source1 = 拉多加湖 |
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| source1_location = |
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| source1_coordinates = {{coord|59|57|24|N|31|02|44|E}} |
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| source1_coord_ref = |
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| source1_elevation = {{Convert|4.29|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
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| source2 = |
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| source2_location = |
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| source2_coordinates = |
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| source2_coord_ref = |
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| source2_elevation = |
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| source3 = |
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| source3_location = |
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| source3_coordinates = |
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| source3_coord_ref = |
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| source3_elevation = |
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| mouth = 涅瓦湾 |
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| mouth_location = |
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| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|59|56|41|N|30|18|34|E}} |
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| mouth_coord_ref = |
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| mouth_elevation = {{Convert|0.03|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
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| altitude_difference = |
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| watershed = {{Convert|281000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} |
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| basin_countries = |
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| basin_states = |
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| basin_cities = [[什利谢利堡]]、[[基洛夫斯克 (列宁格勒州)|基洛夫斯克]]、[[奥特拉德诺耶]]、[[圣彼得堡]] |
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| basin_landmarks = |
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| basin_population = |
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| length = {{Convert|74|km|mi|abbr=on}} |
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| width_min = |
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| width_avg = {{Convert|1.250|km|abbr=on}} |
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| width_max = |
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| depth_min = |
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| depth_avg = {{Convert|24|m|abbr=on}} |
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| depth_max = |
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| discharge1_location = |
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| discharge1_min = {{Convert|2050|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} |
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| discharge1_avg = {{Convert|2500|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} |
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| discharge1_max = {{Convert|4590|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} |
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| discharge2_location = |
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| discharge2_min = |
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| discharge2_avg = |
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| discharge2_max = |
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| discharge3_location = |
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| discharge3_min = |
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| discharge3_avg = |
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| discharge3_max = |
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| discharge4_location = |
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| discharge4_min = |
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| discharge4_avg = |
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| discharge4_max = |
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| discharge5_location = |
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| discharge5_min = |
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| discharge5_avg = |
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| discharge5_max = |
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| tributaries_left = [[姆加河]]、[[托斯纳河]]、[[伊若拉河]] |
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| tributaries_right = [[奥赫塔河 (涅瓦河支流)|奥赫塔河]] |
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| waterbodies = |
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| waterfalls = |
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| bridges = |
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| ports = |
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| custom_label = |
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| custom_data = |
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| extra = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''涅瓦河'''({{lang-ru|Нева́}})是[[俄羅斯]]西北部的一條[[河流]]，由[[拉多加湖]]流經[[聖彼德堡]]到[[芬蘭灣]]。以河水流量來計算，涅瓦河是[[歐洲]]的第三大河流([[伏爾加河]]和[[多瑙河]]後)。 |
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'''涅瓦河'''（{{lang-rus|Нева|Neva}}）是[[俄羅斯]]西北部的一條[[河流]]，源出[[拉多加湖]]，自东向西流，流經[[聖彼德堡]]与[[涅瓦湾]]，注入[[芬蘭灣]]<ref>{{Cite web |
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|url= http://www.nevariver.ru/geographic.php |
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|title= Общие сведения о реке Неве |
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|language= ru |
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|access-date= 2012-06-10 |
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|archive-date= 2020-06-15 |
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|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200615145650/http://www.nevariver.ru/geographic.php |
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|dead-url= no |
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}}</ref>。 |
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==地理== |
==地理== |
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涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於[[聖彼德堡]]的範圍內，其餘在[[列寧格勒州]]境內。涅瓦河水量较丰富，全年入海水量82立方公里，以流量來計算，涅瓦河是[[歐洲]]第三大河流（居[[伏爾加河]]和[[多瑙河]]之後）。冰期长约5个月。 |
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其走向由[[拉多加湖]]向西南流至其最南端－和其與[[托斯納河]]之交匯處相近，然後再轉向西北注入[[芬蘭灣]]。平均寬度400至600公尺，最大寬度1200公尺，最大深度24公尺。涅瓦河流域包括拉多加湖和[[奧湼加湖]]，分佈於[[西北部聯邦管區|俄羅斯西北部]]和[[芬蘭]]南部等廣闊的土地上，流域面积5000平方公里。 |
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涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於[[聖彼德堡]]的範圍內，其餘在[[列寧格勒州]]境內。她由[[拉多加湖]]向西南流至 |
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[[Image:NevaRiverLabelled.PNG|thumb|400px|right|<div style="text-align: center;border:none">涅瓦河的地圖<br />和顯示其在歐洲的位置之插圖</div>]] |
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涅瓦河長74公里，28公里在[[聖彼德堡]]境內，其餘的則在[[列寧格勒州]]境內。其由[[拉多加湖]]向西南流至其最南端－和其與[[Tosna River]]之交匯處相近，然後再轉向西北流至[[芬蘭灣]]。平均寬度400至600公尺，最大寬度1200公尺，最大深度24公尺。涅瓦河流域包括拉多加湖和[[奧湼加湖]]，分佈於[[西北部聯邦管區|俄羅斯西北部]]和[[芬蘭]]南部等廣大的面積上。 |
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===涅瓦河三角洲=== |
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The islands in the Neva delta formed by both natural armlets and artificial canals are occupied by the historical part of Saint Petersburg. 最大的海灣有： |
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*[[Bolshaya Neva]] |
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*[[Malaya Neva]] |
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*[[Bolshaya Nevka]] |
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*[[Srednaya Nevka]] |
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*[[Malaya Nevka]]. |
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最重要的水道和小河流有︰ |
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*[[Morskoy Canal]] |
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*[[Obvodny Canal]] |
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*[[Griboedov Canal]] |
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*[[Kryukov Canal]] |
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*[[Fontanka]] |
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*[[Moika River|Moika]] |
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著名的島嶼有︰ |
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*[[Dekabristov Island]] |
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*[[Kamenny Island]] |
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*[[Krestovsky Island]] |
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*[[Petrogradsky Island]] |
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*[[Vasilievsky Island]] |
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*[[Yelagin Island]] |
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===支流=== |
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涅瓦河有26條支流，主要的有︰ |
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*[[Mga River]] (左支) |
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*[[Tosna River]] (左支) |
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*[[Izhora River]] (左支) |
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*[[Okhta River, Neva basin|Okhta River]] (右支) |
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===城市=== |
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*[[Shlisselburg]] (在其源頭) |
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*[[Kirovsk, Leningrad Oblast|Kirovsk]] |
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*[[Otradnoye, Leningrad Oblast|Otradnoye]] (在和[[Tosna River]]的交匯處) |
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*[[Saint Petersburg]] (在三角洲) |
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==分支== |
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<gallery> |
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涅瓦河在流经三角洲中最大的分流有[[大涅瓦河]]、[[小涅瓦河]]、[[大涅夫卡河]]、[[中涅夫卡河]]、[[小涅夫卡河]] |
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Image:PictureFileName.jpg|圖片題注 |
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Image:PictureFileName.jpg|圖片題注 |
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</gallery>==歷史== |
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In the [[Middle Ages]] the wide and navigable river had [[The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks|great importance]] as a link between the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]]s and the [[Volga]] portages leading to the [[Orient]]. It was a site of the famous [[Battle of the Neva]] (1240). [[Alexander Nevsky]], Prince of [[Novgorod]], won this battle, saving Russia from invasion, and took his title Nevsky (meaning 'Of the Neva') from this event. |
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最重要的水道和小河流有：Morskoy Canal、Obvodny Canal、Griboedov Canal、Kryukov Canal、Fontanka、Moika River |
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During the [[16th century]] the mouth of the Neva was the site of the [[Sweden|Swedish]] fortress [[Nyen]], and the inlet to the Ladoga of the Russian fortress [[Oreshek]], later renamed [[Shlisselburg]]. The former was replaced with the [[Peter and Paul Fortress]] (Петропавловская Крепость — Petropavlovskaya Krepost') in 1703. Standing on the Hare Island (Заячий Остров — Zayachii Ostrov), the fortress is considered the first structure of present-day St Petersburg. |
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[[Image:Neva--etching-large-1600.jpg|thumb|center|700px|<center>The '''涅瓦河''' 1761年在聖彼得堡.</center>]] |
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著名的島嶼有：Dekabristov Island、Kamenny Island、Krestovsky Island、Petrogradsky Island、Vasilievsky Island、Yelagin Island |
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==航運== |
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The Neva is the most northwestern part of the [[Volga-Baltic Waterway]], the connection between the [[Volga River]] and the [[Baltic Sea]]. This waterway is navigable for even the largest inland vessels, and it is an important part of the inland shipping connection between St. Petersburg and [[Moscow]]. Many passenger vessels share this waterway with large transport ships. [http://www.noordersoft.com/indexen.html] |
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== 支流 == |
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During Mid-Winter, the river becomes unnavigable due to freezing over. |
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涅瓦河有26條支流。 |
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[[File:Makhayev, Kachalov - View of Neva Downstream between Winter Palace and Academy of Sciences 1753.jpg|thumb|center|700px|<center> 流經聖彼得堡的'''涅瓦河'''，1753年</center>]] |
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==瑣事== |
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* [[Alexander Nevsky]] took his name after the Neva river following the victory over [[Swedes]] in [[Battle of the Neva]] in [[1240]] |
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* ''Neva'' was the name of a 200-[[Foot (unit of length)|foot]]-long (61-meter), three-masted [[sloop-of-war]], the first Russian ship to [[circumnavigate]] the globe in [[1804]] under the command of [[Lieutenant Commander]] [[Urey Fedorovich Lisianski]]. |
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* [[Grigori Rasputin]] drowned in the Neva in [[1916]]. |
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* The Russian poet [[Anna Akhmatova]] included the Neva in many of her poems. |
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== |
== 事件 == |
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{{main|1963年苏联民航图-124涅瓦河迫降事故}} |
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* [[聖彼德堡橋樑]] |
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*1963年8月21日，[[苏联民用航空总局]]的一架[[图-124]]客机在由[[塔林]]飞往[[莫斯科]]途中发生故障，因燃油耗尽迫降在涅瓦河河面，机上52人全部获救。 |
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* [[聖彼德堡水壩]] |
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== 参考文献 == |
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[[Category:聖彼德堡地理]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Ingria]] |
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[[Category:俄羅斯地理]] |
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[[Category:涅瓦河流域|*]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[ar:نيفا]] |
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[[Category:圣彼得堡河流]] |
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[[bg:Нева]] |
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[[Category:列宁格勒州河流]] |
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[[cs:Něva]] |
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[[Category:英格里亞]] |
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[[da:Neva]] |
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[[de:Newa]] |
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[[el:Νέβας]] |
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[[en:Neva River]] |
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[[eo:Neva]] |
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[[es:Río Neva]] |
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[[et:Neeva]] |
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[[fi:Neva (joki)]] |
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[[fr:Neva]] |
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[[hu:Néva]] |
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[[is:Neva]] |
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[[it:Neva]] |
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[[ja:ネヴァ川]] |
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[[ko:네바 강]] |
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[[lt:Neva]] |
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[[nl:Neva]] |
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[[no:Neva]] |
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[[pl:Newa]] |
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[[pt:Rio Neva]] |
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[[ro:Neva]] |
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[[ru:Нева (река)]] |
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[[sl:Neva]] |
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[[sr:Нева]] |
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[[sv:Neva]] |
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[[tr:Neva Nehri]] |
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[[vi:Sông Neva]] |
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2024年10月9日 (三) 04:03的最新版本
 | 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2024年9月18日) |
| 涅瓦河 Нева | |
|---|---|
 涅瓦河流经彼得保罗要塞 | |
 涅瓦河的地圖和顯示其在歐洲的位置之插圖 | |
| 國家 | 俄罗斯 |
| 州 | 列宁格勒州 |
| 流域 | |
| 水系 | 俄罗斯联邦 |
| 源頭 | 拉多加湖 |
| • 坐标 | 59°57′24″N 31°02′44″E / 59.95667°N 31.04556°E |
| • 海拔 | 4.29米（14.1英尺） |
| 河口 | 涅瓦湾 |
| • 坐标 | 59°56′41″N 30°18′34″E / 59.94472°N 30.30944°E |
| • 海拔 | 0.03米（0.098英尺） |
| 流域面積 | 281,000 km2（108,000 sq mi） |
| 城市 | 什利谢利堡、基洛夫斯克、奥特拉德诺耶、圣彼得堡 |
| 本貌 | |
| 長度 | 74 km（46 mi） |
| 寬度 | |
| • 平均寬度 | 1.250 km（0.777 mi） |
| 深度 | |
| • 平均深度 | 24米（79英尺） |
| 流量 | |
| • 平均流量 | 2,500 m3/s（88,000 cu ft/s） |
| • 最小流量 | 2,050 m3/s（72,000 cu ft/s） |
| • 最大流量 | 4,590 m3/s（162,000 cu ft/s） |
| 特徵 | |
| 左岸支流 | 姆加河、托斯纳河、伊若拉河 |
| 右岸支流 | 奥赫塔河 |
涅瓦河（俄语：Нева，羅馬化：Neva）是俄羅斯西北部的一條河流，源出拉多加湖，自东向西流，流經聖彼德堡与涅瓦湾，注入芬蘭灣[1]。
地理
[编辑]涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於聖彼德堡的範圍內，其餘在列寧格勒州境內。涅瓦河水量较丰富，全年入海水量82立方公里，以流量來計算，涅瓦河是歐洲第三大河流（居伏爾加河和多瑙河之後）。冰期长约5个月。
其走向由拉多加湖向西南流至其最南端－和其與托斯納河之交匯處相近，然後再轉向西北注入芬蘭灣。平均寬度400至600公尺，最大寬度1200公尺，最大深度24公尺。涅瓦河流域包括拉多加湖和奧湼加湖，分佈於俄羅斯西北部和芬蘭南部等廣闊的土地上，流域面积5000平方公里。
分支
[编辑]涅瓦河在流经三角洲中最大的分流有大涅瓦河、小涅瓦河、大涅夫卡河、中涅夫卡河、小涅夫卡河
最重要的水道和小河流有：Morskoy Canal、Obvodny Canal、Griboedov Canal、Kryukov Canal、Fontanka、Moika River
著名的島嶼有：Dekabristov Island、Kamenny Island、Krestovsky Island、Petrogradsky Island、Vasilievsky Island、Yelagin Island
支流
[编辑]涅瓦河有26條支流。
事件
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Общие сведения о реке Неве. [2012-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-15） （俄语）.
