爱伦·坡:修订间差异
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|1=zh-hans:埃德加; zh-hk:艾德嘉; zh-tw:愛德加; |
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| name = 爱伦·坡 |
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| image = Edgar_Allan_Poe_2.jpg |
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| caption = 這張以[[銀版攝影法]]拍攝的照片攝於1848年,當時爱伦·坡為39歲 |
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| birth_date = 1809年1月19日 |
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| birth_place = [[美國]][[麻薩諸塞州]][[波士頓]] |
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| death_date = 1849年10月7日 |
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| death_place = [[美國]][[馬里蘭州]][[巴爾的摩]] |
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| occupation = 詩人、短篇小說作家、編輯及文學評論家 |
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| movement = [[奇幻小說]] |
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| genre = [[恐怖小說]]、[[犯罪小說]]、[[偵探小說]] |
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| magnum_opus = 《大烏鴉》(''The Raven'') |
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| influences = [[拜倫]]<br />[[查爾斯·狄更斯]]<br />[[安·拉德克利夫]]<br />[[納撒尼爾·霍桑]] |
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| influenced = [[夏爾·波德萊爾]]<br />[[奧斯卡·王爾德]]<br />[[費奧多爾·杜斯妥也夫斯基|杜斯妥也夫斯基]]<br />[[羅伯·路易斯·史蒂文生]]<br />[[阿瑟·柯南·道爾|柯南·道爾]]<br />[[儒勒·凡爾納]]<br />[[霍華德·菲利普·洛夫克拉夫特|洛夫克拉夫特]]<br />[[豪爾赫·路易斯·博爾赫斯|博爾赫斯]]<br />[[雷·布萊伯利]]<br />[[雷蒙尼·史尼奇]]<br />[[費爾南多·佩索阿]]<br />[[哈蘭·艾里森]]<br />[[江戶川亂步]]<br />[[史蒂芬·金]] |
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| spouse = {{le|維吉尼亞·伊莉莎·克萊姆·坡|Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe}} |
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| relations = 大衛·坡二世與[[伊莉莎·坡|伊莉莎白·雅諾德·坡]] (生父母) ;約翰·愛倫與法蘭西絲·愛倫 (養父母) |
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| footnotes = |
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| signature = Poe signature.png |
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}} |
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{{Infobox writer |
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<!-- 未知參數 | bgcolour = silver --> |
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| name = 埃德加·爱伦·坡<br>{{small|{{lang|en|Edgar Allan Poe}}}} |
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| image = File:Edgar Allan Poe, circa 1849, restored, squared off.jpg |
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| caption = 40歲的爱伦·坡,以[[銀版攝影法|银版法]]攝於1849年6月 |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1809|1|19}} |
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| birth_place = {{USA-1795}}[[麻薩諸塞州]][[波士頓]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1849|10|7|1809|1|19}} |
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| death_place = {{USA-1848}}[[馬里蘭州]][[巴爾的摩]] |
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| occupation = 詩人、短篇小說作家、編輯及文學評論家 |
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| movement = [[奇幻小說]] |
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| genre = [[恐怖小說]]、[[犯罪小說]]、[[偵探小說]] |
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| notable_works = 《[[烏鴉 (詩)|烏鴉]]》(''The Raven'') |
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| influences = [[拜倫]]<br />[[查爾斯·狄更斯]]<br />[[安·拉德克利夫]]<br />[[納撒尼爾·霍桑]] |
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| influenced = [[夏爾·波德萊爾]]<br />[[奧斯卡·王爾德]]<br />[[費奧多爾·杜斯妥也夫斯基|杜斯妥也夫斯基]]<br />[[羅伯·路易斯·史蒂文生]]<br />[[阿瑟·柯南·道爾|柯南·道爾]]<br />[[儒勒·凡爾納]]<br />[[霍華德·菲利普·洛夫克拉夫特|洛夫克拉夫特]]<br />[[豪爾赫·路易斯·博爾赫斯|博爾赫斯]]<br />[[雷·布萊伯利]]<br />[[雷蒙尼·史尼奇]]<br />[[費爾南多·佩索阿]]<br />[[哈蘭·艾里森]]<br />[[江戶川亂步]]<br />[[史蒂芬·金]] |
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| spouse = [[維吉尼亞·伊莉莎·克萊姆·坡]] |
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| relatives = 大衛·坡二世與伊莉莎白·雅諾德·坡(生父母);約翰·愛倫與法蘭西絲·愛倫(養父母) |
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| misc = |
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| signature = Edgar Allan Poe Signature.svg |
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| website = |
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}} |
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[[File:Edgar_Allan_Poe_2.jpg|thumb|200px|這張以[[銀版攝影法]]拍攝的照片攝於1848年,當時爱伦·坡為39歲]] |
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'''埃德加·愛倫·坡'''({{lang-en|Edgar Allan Poe}};{{bd|1809年|1月19日|1849年|10月7日|catIdx=Poe, Edgar Allan}}),[[美國]][[作家]]、[[詩人]]、[[編輯]]與[[評論家|文學評論家]],被尊崇是美國[[浪漫主義|浪漫主義運動]]要角之一,以[[懸疑小說|懸疑]]及驚悚小說最負盛名。愛倫·坡是美國的短篇小說先鋒之一,[[蕭伯納]]说过:美國出了兩個偉大的作家──愛倫·坡和[[馬克·吐溫]]<ref>Stableford, Brian. "Science fiction before the genre." ''The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction'', Eds. Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版, 2003. pp. 18–19.</ref><ref name=Meyers256/>。 |
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愛倫·坡是愛爾蘭裔美國人,生於[[麻薩諸塞州]][[波士頓]],本名埃德加·坡,幼時父親出走,三歲時母親逝世。坡由[[維吉尼亞州]][[里奇蒙 (維吉尼亞州)|里奇蒙]]的約翰與法蘭西絲·愛倫夫婦扶養長大,先後在杜伯夫人、伯蘭斯比神父開辦的學校就讀,並回到里奇蒙的學校學習擊劍、騎馬、游泳、拉丁文和法文等等。在[[維吉尼亞大學]]短暫就讀、從事軍職後,愛倫·坡自費出版了首部作品《{{le|帖木爾 (詩)|Tamerlane and Other Poems|帖木爾}}》(1827年)詩集,就此展開了他的創作生涯。 |
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'''埃德加·愛倫·坡'''({{lang-en|Edgar Allan Poe}};{{bd|1809年|1月19日|1849年|10月7日|catIdx=Poe, Edgar Allan}}),[[美國]][[作家]]、[[詩人]]、[[編輯]]與[[評論家|文學評論家]],被尊崇是美國[[浪漫主義|浪漫主義運動]]要角之一,以[[懸疑小說|懸疑]]及驚悚小說最負盛名。愛倫·坡是美國的短篇小說家先鋒之一,蕭伯納说过:美國出了兩個偉大的作家——愛倫·坡和[[馬克·吐溫]]<ref>Stableford, Brian. "Science fiction before the genre." ''The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction'', Eds. Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版, 2003. pp. 18–19.</ref><ref name=Meyers256>Meyers, 256</ref>。 |
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愛倫·坡後將心力投入散文,並在接著數年間謀職於文學雜誌與期刊,以他獨特的風格成為小有名氣的文學評論家。愛倫·坡因工作需求常來往[[巴爾的摩]]、[[費城]]、[[紐約市|紐約]]等城市,而於1835年,26歲的他與13歲的表妹[[弗吉尼亚·伊莉莎·克莱姆·坡|維吉尼亞·克萊姆]]在巴爾的摩完婚。1845年1月,愛倫·坡發表了詩作《[[烏鴉 (詩)|烏鴉]]》,一夕成名。两年後,他的妻子死於[[結核病]]。愛倫·坡開始籌畫以個人名義創辦一份刊物《賓州報》(後改名為《{{le|鐵筆報|The Stylus}}》),但到死前都沒有完成此業。1849年10月7日,愛倫·坡逝於巴爾的摩。 |
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愛倫·坡生於[[麻薩諸塞州]][[波士頓]],本名埃德加·坡,幼時父親出走,三歲時母親逝世。坡由[[維吉尼亞州]][[里奇蒙 (維吉尼亞州)|里奇蒙]]的約翰與法蘭西絲·愛倫夫婦扶養長大,先後在杜伯夫人、伯蘭斯比神父開辦的學校就讀,並回到里奇蒙的學校學習擊劍、騎馬、游泳、拉丁文和法文等等。在[[維吉尼亞大學]]短暫就讀、從事軍職後,愛倫·坡自費出版了首部作品《{{le|帖木爾 (詩)|Tamerlane and Other Poems|帖木爾}}》(1827年)詩集,就此展開了他的創作生涯。 |
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愛倫·坡後將心力投入散文,並在接著數年間謀職於文學雜誌與期刊,以他獨特的風格成為小有名氣的文學評論家。愛倫·坡因工作需求常來往[[巴爾的摩]]、[[費城]]、[[紐約市|紐約]]等城市,而於1835年, 26歲的他當年13歲的表妹[[維吉尼亞·克萊姆]]在巴爾的摩完婚。1845年1月,愛倫·坡發表了詩作《[[烏鴉 (詩)|烏鴉]]》,一夕成名。二年後,他的妻子死於[[結核病]]。愛倫·坡開始籌畫以個人名義創辦一份刊物《賓州報》(後改名為《{{le|鐵筆報|The Stylus}}》),但到死前都沒有完成此業。1849年10月7日,愛倫·坡逝於巴爾的摩,得年四十歲,死因不明<ref name="Meyers256"/>。 |
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他的著作亦時常現身於文學、音樂、電影與電視等流行文化中。愛倫·坡生前的各處居所則多被保留為博物館至今。 |
他的著作亦時常現身於文學、音樂、電影與電視等流行文化中。愛倫·坡生前的各處居所則多被保留為博物館至今。 |
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== 生平 |
== 生平 == |
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=== 早年 === |
=== 早年 === |
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[[File:Edgar Allan Poe Birthplace Boston.jpg|thumb|200px|這個匾牌標誌了愛倫·坡在[[麻薩諸塞州]][[波士頓]]出生的大約位置。]] |
[[File:Edgar Allan Poe Birthplace Boston.jpg|thumb|200px|這個匾牌標誌了愛倫·坡在[[麻薩諸塞州]][[波士頓]]出生的大約位置。]] |
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1809年1月19日埃德加·坡出生於-{zh-cn:[[马萨诸塞州]];zh-tw:[[麻薩諸塞州]];zh-hk:[[麻省]]}-的[[波士頓]],家中排行第二,父親大衛·坡二世與母親{{le|伊莉莎·坡|Eliza_Poe|伊莉莎白·雅諾德·坡}}均為演員。他有一兄一妹,分別名為{{le |
1809年1月19日埃德加·坡出生於-{zh-cn:[[马萨诸塞州]];zh-tw:[[麻薩諸塞州]];zh-hk:[[麻省]]}-的[[波士頓]],家中排行第二,父親大衛·坡二世與母親{{le|伊莉莎·坡|Eliza_Poe|伊莉莎白·雅諾德·坡}}均為演員。他有一兄一妹,分別名為{{le|威廉·亨利·倫納德·坡|William Henry Leonard Poe}}與羅莎莉·坡(Rosalie Poe)<ref name="hervey">Allen, Hervey. "Introduction". ''The Works of Edgar Allan Poe'', New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1927.</ref>。埃德加可能是依據[[莎士比亞]]劇作《[[李爾王]]》中的一角命名的,大衛與伊莉莎白曾於1809年演出此劇<ref>Nelson, Randy F. ''The Almanac of American Letters''. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 65. {{ISBN|978-0-86576-008-0}}</ref>。坡的父親於1810年離家<ref name=father>Canada, Mark, ed. "[http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/17841865/lit/poe.htm Edgar Allan Poe Chronology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518202036/http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/17841865/lit/poe.htm |date=2007-05-18 }}". ''Canada's America''. 1997. Retrieved on June 3, 2007.</ref>,而母親則在隔年死於[[結核|肺病]]。坡隨後被在[[維吉尼亞州]][[里奇蒙 (維吉尼亞州)|里奇蒙]]買賣菸草、布匹、小麥、墓石、[[奴隸制度|奴隸]]等商品的蘇格蘭商人約翰·愛倫收養<ref>Meyers, 8</ref><ref name=Meyers9>Meyers, 9</ref><ref>Quinn, 61</ref>。 |
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1812年,爱伦家族让坡在国教会教堂受洗 |
1812年,爱伦家族让坡在国教会教堂受洗<ref name=Meyers9/>。1815年,爱伦·坡全家迁往英格兰。坡进入苏格兰埃文的一所语法学校就读了一段时间。一年后全家再次迁到伦敦。在那儿他先後就读于杜伯夫人、伯蘭斯比神父開辦的学校。1817年夏,他又加入了Stoke Newington的约翰·布兰斯比庄园学校<ref>Silverman, 16–18</ref>。 |
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1820年,坡和养母返回了[[里士满]],學習擊劍、騎馬、游泳、拉丁文、法文等等。 |
1820年,坡和养母返回了[[里士满 (弗吉尼亚州)|里士满]],學習擊劍、騎馬、游泳、拉丁文、法文等等。 |
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1824年,坡暗恋玩伴的母親簡·斯蒂恩·斯塔納德,未幾,她就病故,坡為此作了一首诗:《致海伦》。第二年,坡与一名少女私定婚约,但双方家长都强烈反对,最后此婚约被少女的父母废除。17岁时,坡的养父将其送入弗吉尼亚大学,坡并不像他的一些同学那样去工作,他自幼所受的教育使他自認為是南方貴族,因而結交了一群富家子弟,年轻的他选择了赌场,聚賭酗酒,不但欠了一身賭債,還從此與酗酒脫離不了關係。入学不足一年,坡辍学,回到里士满。第二年3月,他离家出走。 |
1824年,坡暗恋玩伴的母親簡·斯蒂恩·斯塔納德,未幾,她就病故,坡為此作了一首诗:《致海伦》。第二年,坡与一名少女私定婚约,但双方家长都强烈反对,最后此婚约被少女的父母废除。17岁时,坡的养父将其送入弗吉尼亚大学,坡并不像他的一些同学那样去工作,他自幼所受的教育使他自認為是南方貴族,因而結交了一群富家子弟,年轻的他选择了赌场,聚賭酗酒,不但欠了一身賭債,還從此與酗酒脫離不了關係。入学不足一年,坡辍学,回到里士满。第二年3月,他离家出走。 |
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1829年4月15日,换防完成后,坡正式退伍。坡搬回巴尔的摩,和姑妈玛丽亚·克蕾姆及其八歲的女儿、表兄亨利和病魔缠身的祖母伊丽莎白·凯恩司·坡同居,同年12月,坡的第二本诗集仍然由[[巴爾的摩]]的一家出版社出版了。 |
1829年4月15日,换防完成后,坡正式退伍。坡搬回巴尔的摩,和姑妈玛丽亚·克蕾姆及其八歲的女儿、表兄亨利和病魔缠身的祖母伊丽莎白·凯恩司·坡同居,同年12月,坡的第二本诗集仍然由[[巴爾的摩]]的一家出版社出版了。 |
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1830年5月,坡的養父提供生活費,讓坡以学 |
1830年5月,坡的養父提供生活費,讓坡以学员身份進入[[西点军校]],坡西校同届同学即后来南北战争北军统帅格籣特将军,后来还接林肯当美国总统,在同年10月与第二任妻子路易·莎帕特森喜结连理,但在校中以其讽刺诗闻名的坡,因与养父的争吵而写信讽刺他的养父,最终让养父与他断绝关系。坡常常违反校规,1831年1月,坡受[[军事法庭]]审判,因為职责疏忽、酗酒赖床致违抗参与编队、课程和教会的命令而被开除。1831年2月离开[[纽约]],在战友募捐的170美元的帮助下,坡出版了他的第三本诗集。第二版由纽约人伊兰姆·布利斯印刷,扉页写着“谨以本书献给美国军队立宪民主党人” |
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接下来的几年,坡住在姑妈家,教表妹弗吉尼亚念书, |
接下来的几年,坡住在姑妈家,教表妹弗吉尼亚念书,哥哥亨利在1831年8月1日过世。 |
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===崭露文坛=== |
===崭露文坛=== |
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离开伯顿一年后,坡成为《{{link-en|格协厄姆杂志|Graham's Magazine}}》的编辑。 |
离开伯顿一年后,坡成为《{{link-en|格协厄姆杂志|Graham's Magazine}}》的编辑。 |
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1840年,坡发布招股说明书公布其创办杂志《{{link-en|手札|The Stylus}}》的意图。原本坡想将杂志命名为《宾州》,因为杂志总部设在费城。坡为他的招股书买下了1840年6月6日费城《 |
1840年,坡发布招股说明书公布其创办杂志《{{link-en|手札|The Stylus}}》的意图。原本坡想将杂志命名为《宾州》,因为杂志总部设在费城。坡为他的招股书买下了1840年6月6日费城《[[星期六晚邮报]]》的广告栏位,但该杂志直至坡死亡前从未出版。大约在这个时候,他试图担任[[泰勒]]的经纪人,声称自己是[[輝格黨 (美國)|辉格党]]的成员,希望在泰勒儿子罗伯特的帮助下委任加入费城[[海关大楼]],罗伯特是坡的朋友弗雷德里克·托马斯的熟人。坡自称自己患病,并未在1842年的任命讨论会议中露面,托马斯认为他是喝醉了。 |
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1842年1月一天晚上,弗吉尼亚在弹唱钢琴时出现了[[肺结核]]的首个症状。坡将其形容为她喉咙中的血管遭损坏。坡在弗吉尼亚患病後开始肆无忌惮地酗酒。他离开《格》,回到纽约,就职于《{{link-en|镜子晚报|Evening Mirror}}》後轉入《[[百老汇(杂志)|百老汇]]》,並在雜誌財務困難時接手,雜誌隨即失敗,創辦報刊的美夢破碎,坡也沒錢給弗吉尼亞找醫生看病。 |
1842年1月一天晚上,弗吉尼亚在弹唱钢琴时出现了[[肺结核]]的首个症状。坡将其形容为她喉咙中的血管遭损坏。坡在弗吉尼亚患病後开始肆无忌惮地酗酒。他离开《格》,回到纽约,就职于《{{link-en|镜子晚报|Evening Mirror}}》後轉入《[[百老汇(杂志)|百老汇]]》,並在雜誌財務困難時接手,雜誌隨即失敗,創辦報刊的美夢破碎,坡也沒錢給弗吉尼亞找醫生看病。 |
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[[File:EdgarAllanPoeGrave.jpg|thumb|upright|愛倫·坡的墓碑,他的死因至今不明]] |
[[File:EdgarAllanPoeGrave.jpg|thumb|upright|愛倫·坡的墓碑,他的死因至今不明]] |
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{{Main|埃德加·愛倫·坡之死}} |
{{Main|埃德加·愛倫·坡之死}} |
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1849年10月3日,愛倫·坡被人發現醉臥在巴爾的摩街頭,根據找到他的人約瑟夫·W·沃克(Joseph W. Walker)所述,當時愛倫·坡“情況危急,並且 |
1849年10月3日,愛倫·坡被人發現醉臥在巴爾的摩街頭,根據找到他的人約瑟夫·W·沃克(Joseph W. Walker)所述,當時愛倫·坡“情況危急,並且……需要立即救助”<ref>{{harvnb|Quinn|1998|p=638}} 原文:in great distress, and ... in need of immediate assistance</ref>。隨後被帶到華盛頓醫學院(現Church Home and Hospital),在四天後的凌晨5:00逝世<ref name=Meyers255>{{harvnb|Meyers|1992|p=255}}</ref>。他從沒能清醒地指出究是如何淪落到這個地步的,而且當時他所穿的衣服並非自己所有。據所在臨死前的夜晚,他頻繁地叫著一個人名“雷諾茲”(Reynolds),但現在並不清楚他究竟指的是誰。依據一些來源,愛倫·坡的遺言是“上帝救贖我可憐的靈魂”(Lord help my poor soul)<ref name=Meyers255/>。所有關於他死亡的醫療記錄都已軼失<ref>{{harvnb|Bramsback|1970|p=40}}</ref>。當時的報紙上登載的死因則是“腦充血”(congestion of the brain)或“腦部炎症”(cerebral inflammation),這在當時是「[[酒精中毒]]」的[[委婉語]]<ref>{{harvnb|Silverman|1991|pp=435–436}}</ref>。但其實他真正的死因至今都沒有定論<ref>{{harvnb|Silverman|1991|p=435}}</ref>。相關的猜測則有:[[震颤性谵妄]]、[[心臟病]]、[[癲癇]]、[[梅毒]]、[[腦膜炎]]<ref name=Meyers256>{{harvnb|Meyers|1992|p=256}}</ref>、[[霍亂]]<ref>{{harvnb|CrimeLibrary.com|2008}}</ref>和[[狂犬病]]<ref>{{harvnb|Benitez|1996}}</ref>。一份來自1872年的資料稱是有人將其拘禁以求為某個政府部門的候選人投票,才導致了他的逝世<ref>{{harvnb|Walsh|2000|pp=32–33}}</ref>。 |
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==流行文化== |
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法国歌手兼词曲作者 [[诺尔韦恩·勒鲁瓦]](Nolwenn Leroy)为 爱伦·坡 的诗歌 《A Dream》 和 《The Lake》 配乐,在她的 2017年专辑 《Gemme》 中发行<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.europe1.fr/international/stephen-hawking-un-astrophysicien-devenu-icone-de-la-culture-populaire-3598826 |title=Stephen Hawking, un astrophysicien devenu icône de la culture populaire |publisher=Europe1 |accessdate=2023-05-04 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423113948/https://www.europe1.fr/international/stephen-hawking-un-astrophysicien-devenu-icone-de-la-culture-populaire-3598826 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。 |
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== 主要作品 == |
== 主要作品 == |
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* 《[[失竊的信]]》(Purloined Letter) |
* 《[[失竊的信]]》(Purloined Letter) |
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* 《[[金甲蟲]]》(The Gold-Bug) |
* 《[[金甲蟲]]》(The Gold-Bug) |
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* 《 |
* 《{{le|汝即真兇|Thou Art the Man}}》(Thou Art the Man) |
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* 《[[告密的心]]》(The Tell-Tale Heart) |
* 《[[告密的心]]》(The Tell-Tale Heart) |
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* 《[[黑猫 (短篇小说)|黑猫]]》(The Black Cat) |
* 《[[黑猫 (短篇小说)|黑猫]]》(The Black Cat) |
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第91行: | 第97行: | ||
* 《[[過早的埋葬]]》(The Premature Burial) |
* 《[[過早的埋葬]]》(The Premature Burial) |
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* 《[[焦油博士和羽毛教授的對話]]》(The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether) |
* 《[[焦油博士和羽毛教授的對話]]》(The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether) |
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* 《[[威廉·威爾森]]》(William |
* 《[[威廉·威爾森]]》(William Wilson) |
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* 《[[瓶中稿]]》(MS. Found in a Bottle) |
* 《[[瓶中稿]]》(MS. Found in a Bottle) |
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* 《[[悖理的惡魔]]》(The Imp of the Perverse) |
* 《[[悖理的惡魔]]》(The Imp of the Perverse) |
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* 《[[消耗殆盡的男人]]》(The Man That Was Used Up) |
* 《[[消耗殆盡的男人]]》(The Man That Was Used Up) |
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* 《{{le|人群中的男人|The Man of the Crowd}}》(The Man of the Crowd) |
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* 《[[崎嶇山的故事]]》(A Tale of the Ragged Mountains) |
* 《[[崎嶇山的故事]]》(A Tale of the Ragged Mountains) |
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* 《[[實業家 (短篇小说)|實業家]]》(The Business Man) |
* 《[[實業家 (短篇小说)|實業家]]》(The Business Man) |
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* 《[[海中之城]]》(The City in the Sea) |
* 《[[海中之城]]》(The City in the Sea) |
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* 《{{le|The Conqueror Worm}}》 |
* 《{{le|The Conqueror Worm}}》 |
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* 《 |
* 《[[夢中之夢]]》 |
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* 《 |
* 《[[黃金國 (坡)|黃金國]]》 |
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* 《{{le|Eulalie}}》 |
* 《{{le|Eulalie}}》 |
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* 《{{le|The Haunted Palace}}》 |
* 《{{le|The Haunted Palace}}》 |
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'''其他作品''' |
'''其他作品''' |
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* 《{{le|Politian}}》 |
* 《{{le|Politian}}》(1835) – 愛倫·坡唯一一部戲劇作品 |
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* 《{{le|The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket}}》 |
* 《{{le|The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket}}》(1838) – 愛倫·坡唯一一部完整的小說 |
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* 《{{le|The Balloon-Hoax}}》 |
* 《{{le|The Balloon-Hoax}}》(1844) – 報章記者的[[惡作劇]],以真實事件之名刊登 |
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* 《[[创作哲学]]》(The Philosophy of |
* 《[[创作哲学]]》(The Philosophy of Composition)(1846) – 评论 |
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* 《{{le|Eureka: A Prose Poem}}》 |
* 《{{le|Eureka: A Prose Poem}}》(1848) – 评论 |
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* 《 |
* 《[[诗歌原理]]》(The Poetic Principle)(1848) – 评论 |
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* 《{{le|The Light-House}}》 |
* 《{{le|The Light-House}}》(1849) – 愛倫·坡最後一部未完成的作品 |
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==密碼學== |
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1841年7月,愛倫坡在《{{le|格雷厄姆雜誌|Graham's Magazine}}》上發表了一篇題為《秘密寫作的幾句話》的文章。1843年他出版了[[偵探小說]]《[[金甲蟲]]》,密碼是該小說的重要組成部分。<ref name="RosenheimRosenheim1997">{{cite book|author1=Shawn Rosenheim|author2=Shawn James Rosenheim|title=''The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Lx2QgAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5332-6|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=2021-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501063711/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Lx2QgAACAAJ|dead-url=no}}</ref>{{rp|2,6}}美國最重要的密碼學家[[威廉姆·弗里德曼]]最初對[[密碼學]]感興趣是因為小時候讀過《金甲蟲》,後來他在第二次世界大戰期間將其用於解密日本的{{le|紫色密碼|Type B Cipher Machine}}。<ref name="RosenheimRosenheim1997"/>{{rp|146}} |
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== 参见 == |
== 参见 == |
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* [[美国文学]] |
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* [[象征主义文学]] |
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* [[神探杜邦]] |
* [[神探杜邦]] |
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*[[坡的敬酒者]] |
*[[坡的敬酒者]] |
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第136行: | 第144行: | ||
== 參考文獻 == |
== 參考文獻 == |
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* {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Hervey|year=1927|chapter=Introduction|title=The Works of Edgar Allan Poe|location=New York|publisher=P.F. Collier & Son|oclc=1050810755}} |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* {{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=August 15, 2007|title=Man Reveals Legend of Mystery Visitor to Edgar Allan Poe's Grave|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,293413,00.html|access-date=December 15, 2007|ref={{harvid|Associated Press|2007}}|work=Fox News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222143649/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,293413,00.html|archive-date=December 22, 2007|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite book |title=The Unknown Poe |last=Foye |first=Raymond (editor) |authorlink= |publisher=City Lights |location=San Francisco, CA |edition=Paperback |year=1980 |pages= |isbn=0872861104}} |
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* {{cite news|last=Benitez|first=R, Michael|date=September 15, 1996|title=Poe's Death Is Rewritten as Case of Rabies, Not Telltale Alcohol|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/15/us/poe-s-death-is-rewritten-as-case-of-rabies-not-telltale-alcohol.html|accessdate=2021-04-17|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519175228/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/15/us/poe-s-death-is-rewritten-as-case-of-rabies-not-telltale-alcohol.html|dead-url=no}} Based on {{cite journal|year=1996|title=A 39-year-old man with mental status change|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_maryland-medical-journal_1996-09_45_9/page/765|journal=Maryland Medical Journal|volume=45|pages=765–769|pmid=8810221|last1=Benitez|first1=R. M.|issue=9|ref=none}} |
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* {{cite book |last = Frank |first = Frederick S. |coauthors = Anthony Magistrale |title = The Poe Encyclopedia |publisher = Greenwood Press |year = 1997 |location = Westport, CT |pages = |isbn = 0313277680}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Benton|first=Richard P.|year=1987|chapter=Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards|pages=1–25|title=Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe|editor-last=Fisher|editor-first=Benjamin Franklin IV|location=Baltimore|publisher=The Edgar Allan Poe Society|chapter-url=http://www.eapoe.org/papers/psbbooks/pb19871c.htm|isbn=978-0-9616449-1-8|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-date=2017-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703010049/https://www.eapoe.org/papers/psbbooks/pb19871c.htm|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe |last=Hoffman |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Hoffman |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |location=Baton Rouge, La. |edition=Paperback |year=1998 |pages= |isbn=0807123218}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Bramsback|first=Birgit|year=1970|title=The Final Illness and Death of Edgar Allan Poe: An Attempt at Reassessment|journal=Studia Neophilologica|volume=XLII|page=40|doi=10.1080/00393277008587456}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius |last=Krutch |first=Joseph Wood |authorlink= |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |edition= |year=1926 |pages= |id=}} |
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* {{cite web|author=BronxHistoricalSociety.org|year=2007|title=Edgar Allan Poe Cottage|url=http://bronxhistoricalsociety.org/about/poecottage.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011072300/http://bronxhistoricalsociety.org/about/poecottage.html|archive-date=October 11, 2007}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy |last=Meyers |first=Jeffrey |authorlink= |publisher=Cooper Square Press |location=New York |edition=Paperback |year=1992 |pages= |isbn=0815410387}} |
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* {{cite web|last=Burns|first=Niccole|date=November 15, 2006|title=Poe wrote most important works in Philadelphia|work=School of Communication – [[University of Miami]]|url=http://com.miami.edu/parks/philapoeauthor.htm|access-date=October 13, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215130930/http://com.miami.edu/parks/philapoeauthor.htm|archive-date=December 15, 2007}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography |last=Quinn |first=Arthur Hobson |authorlink= |publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. |location=New York |edition= |year=1941 |pages= |isbn=0801857309}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Cappi|first=Alberto|year=1994|title=Edgar Allan Poe's Physical Cosmology|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=35|pages=177–192|bibcode=1994QJRAS..35..177C}} |
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* {{cite book |title=The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet |last=Rosenheim |first=Shawn James |authorlink= |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |edition= |year=1997 |pages = |isbn=9780801853326}} |
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* {{cite web|editor-last=Canada|editor-first=Mark|year=1997|title=Edgar Allan Poe Chronology|work=Canada's America|url=http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/17841865/lit/poe.htm|access-date=June 3, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518202036/http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/17841865/lit/poe.htm|archive-date=May 18, 2007}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance |last=Silverman|first=Kenneth |authorlink=Kenneth Silverman |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=New York |edition=Paperback |year=1991 |pages= |isbn=0060923318}} |
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* {{cite web|author=CrimeLibrary.com|year=2008|title=Death Suspicion Cholera|website=TruTV.com|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/edgar_allan_poe/5.html|access-date=May 9, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605045810/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/edgar_allan_poe/5.html|archive-date=June 5, 2008}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z |last=Sova |first=Dawn B. |authorlink= |publisher=Checkmark Books |location=New York |edition=Paperback |year=2001 |pages= |isbn=081604161X}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Carlson|first=Eric Walter|year=1996|title=A Companion to Poe Studies|location=Westport, CT|publisher=Greenwood Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMHFGbxYhEMC&pg=PA476|isbn=978-0-313-26506-8|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417161730/https://books.google.com/books?id=nMHFGbxYhEMC&pg=PA476|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book | editor = J. Kennedy | first = Terence|last= Whalen |chapter=Poe and the American Publishing Industry| title = A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford Oxfordshire | year = 2001 | isbn = 0195121503}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Cornelius|first=Kay|year=2002|chapter=Biography of Edgar Allan Poe|editor=[[Harold Bloom]]|title=Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoe0000unse|location=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-0-7910-6173-2}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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* {{cite web|author=Edgar Allan Poe Society|year=2007|title=The Baltimore Poe House and Museum|website=eapoe.org|url=http://www.eapoe.org/balt/poehse.htm|access-date=October 13, 2007|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417144055/https://www.eapoe.org/balt/poehse.htm|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Fisher|first=Benjamin Franklin IV|year=1993|chapter=Poe's 'Metzengerstein': Not a Hoax (1971)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/onpoe01unse/page/n155 142]–149|title=On Poe: The Best from American Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/onpoe01unse|location=Durham, NC|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1311-3}} |
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* {{Cite book|title=The Unknown Poe|editor-last=Foye|editor-first=Raymond|publisher=City Lights|location=San Francisco, CA|edition=Paperback|year=1980|isbn=978-0-87286-110-7|url=https://archive.org/details/unknownpoeanthol0000poee}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Frank|first1=Frederick S.|year=1997|last2=Magistrale|first2=Anthony|title=The Poe Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/poeencyclopedia0000unse|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|isbn=978-0-313-27768-9}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=William F.|year=1993|chapter=Edgar Allan Poe, Cryptographer (1936)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/onpoe01unse/page/n53 40]–54|title=On Poe: The Best from American Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/onpoe01unse|location=Durham, NC|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1311-3}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Gargano|first=James W.|year=1967|chapter=The Question of Poe's Narrators|page=[https://archive.org/details/collectionofcrit0000rega/page/165 165]|title=Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays|editor-last=Regan|editor-first=Robert|location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-684963-6|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/collectionofcrit0000rega/page/165}} |
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* {{cite news|last=Glenn|first=Joshua|date=April 9, 2007|title=The house of Poe – mystery solved!|newspaper=The Boston Globe|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/brainiac/2007/04/_a_globe_reader.html|access-date=October 7, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008170830/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/brainiac/2007/04/_a_globe_reader.html|archive-date=October 8, 2013}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Grayson|first=Eric|year=2005|pages=56–77|title=Weird Science, Weirder Unity: Phrenology and Physiognomy in Edgar Allan Poe|journal=Mode 1|url=http://www.arts.cornell.edu/english/publications/mode/documents/grayson.html}} |
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* {{cite news|last=Hall|first=Wiley|date=August 15, 2007|title=Poe Fan Takes Credit for Grave Legend|agency=Associated Press|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-08-15-poe-fan_N.htm|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=October 7, 2019|archive-date=2015-05-28|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150528134113/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-08-15-poe-fan_N.htm|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Harner|first=Gary Wayne|year=1990|chapter=Edgar Allan Poe in France: Baudelaire's Labor of Love|title=Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu|editor-last=Fisher|editor-first=Benjamin Franklin IV|location=Baltimore|publisher=The Edgar Allan Poe Society|isbn=978-0-9616449-2-5}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Harrison|first=Edward|year=1987|author-link=Edward Robert Harrison|title=Darkness at Night: A Riddle of the Universe|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-19270-6|url=https://archive.org/details/darknessatnightr00harr}} |
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* {{citation|last=Harrowitz|first=Nancy|chapter=The Body of the Detective Model: Charles S. Peirce and Edgar Allan Poe|pages=179–197|editor1-last=Eco|editor1-first=Umberto|editor1-link=Umberto Eco|editor2-last=Sebeok|editor2-first=Thomas|editor2-link=Thomas Sebeok|date=1984|title=The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce|publisher=History Workshop, Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=978-0-253-35235-4}}. Harrowitz discusses Poe's "tales of ratiocination" in the light of [[Charles Sanders Peirce]]'s logic of making good guesses or [[abductive reasoning]]. |
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* {{cite book|last=Hayes|first=Kevin J.|year=2002|title=The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-79326-1}} |
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* {{citation|last=Hecker|first=William J.|year=2005|title=Private Perry and Mister Poe: The West Point Poems|location=Baton Rouge, LA|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|isbn=978-0-8071-3054-4}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Hoffman|first=Daniel|year=1998|orig-year=1972|author-link=Daniel Hoffman|title=Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/poepoepoepoepoep0000hoff|location=Baton Rouge|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|isbn=978-0-8071-2321-8}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Hungerford|first=Edward|year=1930|pages=209–231|title=Poe and Phrenology|journal=American Literature|volume=1|issue=3|doi=10.2307/2920231|jstor=2920231}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Huxley|first=Aldous|year=1967|author-link=Aldous Huxley|chapter=Vulgarity in Literature|page=[https://archive.org/details/collectionofcrit0000rega/page/32 32]|title=Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays|editor-last=Regan|editor-first=Robert|location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-684963-6|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/collectionofcrit0000rega/page/32}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Jannaccone|first=Pasquale (translated by Peter Mitilineos)|year=1974|title=The Aesthetics of Edgar Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_poe-studies_1974-06_7_1/page/1|journal=Poe Studies|volume=7|issue=1|pages=1–13|doi=10.1111/j.1754-6095.1974.tb00224.x}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Kagle|first=Steven E.|year=1990|chapter=The Corpse Within Us|title=Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu|editor-last=Fisher|editor-first=Benjamin Franklin IV|location=Baltimore|publisher=The Edgar Allan Poe Society|isbn=978-0-9616449-2-5}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=J. Gerald|year=1987|title=Poe, Death, and the Life of Writing|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-03773-9|url=https://archive.org/details/poedeathlife00kenn}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Koster|first=Donald N.|year=2002|chapter=Influences of Transcendentalism on American Life and Literature|title=Literary Movements for Students Vol. 1.|editor-last=Galens|editor-first=David|location=Detroit|publisher=Thompson Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-6518-0|oclc=865552323}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Krutch|first=Joseph Wood|year=1926|title=Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius|url=https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoestu0000krut|url-access=registration|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York}} (1992 reprint: {{ISBN|978-0-7812-6835-6}}) |
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* {{cite book|last=Lake|first=Matt|year=2006|title=Weird Maryland|url=https://archive.org/details/weirdmarylandyou0000lake|location=New York|publisher=Sterling Publishing|isbn=978-1-4027-3906-4}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Lease|first=Benjamin|year=1972|title=That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/thatwildfellowjo00leas|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-46969-0}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Ljunquist|first=Kent|year=2002|chapter=The poet as critic|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye_579/page/n27 7]–20|editor-last=Hayes|editor-first=Kevin J.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe |
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|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye_579|url-access=limited|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79727-6}} |
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* {{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|date=June 6, 2006|title=The Poe Shadow|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/06/arts/06iht-bookwed.1903554.html|access-date=October 13, 2007|archive-date=2013-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516154401/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/06/arts/06iht-bookwed.1903554.html|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Meyers|first=Jeffrey|year=1992|title=Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy|publisher=Cooper Square Press|location=New York|edition=Paperback|isbn=978-0-8154-1038-6}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Neimeyer|first=Mark|year=2002|chapter=Poe and Popular Culture|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye_579/page/n225 205]–224|editor-last=Hayes|editor-first=Kevin J.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye_579|url-access=limited|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79727-6}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Randy F.|year=1981|title=The Almanac of American Letters|location=Los Altos, CA|publisher=William Kaufmann, Inc.|isbn=978-0-86576-008-0|url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00nels}} |
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* {{cite news|author=New York Daily News|date=December 5, 2009|title=Edgar Allan Poe's first book from 1827 sells for $662,500; record price for American literature|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/edgar-allan-poe-book-1827-sells-662-500-record-price-american-literature-article-1.432709|access-date=December 24, 2009|archive-date=2015-05-28|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150528125939/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/edgar-allan-poe-book-1827-sells-662-500-record-price-american-literature-article-1.432709|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite news|author=New York Times|date=May 20, 1894|title=Emerson's Estimate of Poe|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A03E5D91630E033A25753C2A9639C94659ED7CF|access-date=March 2, 2008|work=The New York Times|archive-date=2008-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604201455/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A03E5D91630E033A25753C2A9639C94659ED7CF|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Ostrom|first=John Ward|year=1987|chapter=Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards|pages=37–47|title=Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe|editor-last=Fisher|editor-first=Benjamin Franklin IV|location=Baltimore|publisher=The Edgar Allan Poe Society|chapter-url=http://www.eapoe.org/papers/psbbooks/pb19871e.htm|isbn=978-0-9616449-1-8|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-date=2015-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221072523/http://www.eapoe.org///papers/psbbooks/pb19871e.htm|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Poe|first=Edgar Allan|date=November 1847|title=Tale-Writing – Nathaniel Hawthorne|pages=252–256|journal=Godey's Ladies Book|url=http://www.eapoe.org/works/CRITICSM/GLB47HN1.HTM|access-date=March 24, 2007|archive-date=2007-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623220917/http://www.eapoe.org/works/criticsm/glb47hn1.htm|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite web|year=2006|title=Celebrate Edgar Allan Poe's 197th Birthday at the Poe museum|website=PoeMuseum.org|url=http://www.poemuseum.org/news_and_events/archive_2006.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105212647/http://www.poemuseum.org/news_and_events/archive_2006.html|archive-date=January 5, 2009|ref={{sfnref | PoeMuseum.org | 2006}}|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Quinn|first=Arthur Hobson|year=1998|title=Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|url=http://eapoe.org/papers/misc1921/quinn00c.htm|isbn=978-0-8018-5730-0|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-date=2017-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703025109/https://www.eapoe.org/papers/misc1921/quinn00c.htm|dead-url=no}} (Originally published in 1941 by New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.) |
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* {{cite web|author=The Raven Society|year=2014|title=History|work=[[University of Virginia]] alumni|url=http://aig.alumni.virginia.edu/raven/history/|access-date=May 18, 2014|archive-date=2014-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415122903/http://aig.alumni.virginia.edu/raven/history/|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Rombeck|first=Terry|date=January 22, 2005|title=Poe's little-known science book reprinted|journal=Lawrence Journal-World & News|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2005/jan/22/poes_littleknown_science/|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-date=2017-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620114913/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2005/jan/22/poes_littleknown_science/|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Rosenheim|first=Shawn James|year=1997|title=The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet|url=https://archive.org/details/cryptographicima0000rose|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5332-6}} |
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* {{citation|last=Royot|first=Daniel|year=2002|chapter=Poe's Humor|pages=57–71|editor-last=Hayes|editor-first=Kevin J.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-79326-1}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Sears|first=Donald A.|year=1978|title=John Neal|url=https://archive.org/details/lda00dona|location=Boston|publisher=Twayne Publishers|isbn=978-0-8057-7230-2}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Silverman|first=Kenneth|year=1991|author-link=Kenneth Silverman|title=Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance|publisher=Harper Perennial|location=New York|edition=Paperback|isbn=978-0-06-092331-0|url=https://archive.org/details/edgarpoe00kenn}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Smoot|first1=George|last2=Davidson|first2=Keay|year=1994|author-link=George Smoot|title=Wrinkles in Time|location=New York|publisher=Harper Perennial|edition=Reprint|isbn=978-0-380-72044-6|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780380720446}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Sova|first=Dawn B.|year=2001|title=Edgar Allan Poe A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Work|publisher=Checkmark Books|location=New York|edition=Paperback|isbn=978-0-8160-4161-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Stableford|first=Brian|year=2003|author-link=Brian Stableford|chapter=Science fiction before the genre|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00jame_241/page/n44 15]–31|title=The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00jame_241|url-access=limited|editor-last=James|editor-first=Edward|editor2-last=Mendlesohn|editor2-first=Farah|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-01657-5}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Tresch|first=John|year=2002|chapter=Extra! Extra! Poe invents science fiction|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye/page/n134 113]–132|editor-last=Hayes|editor-first=Kevin J.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-79326-1}} |
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* {{cite news|last=Van Hoy|first=David C.|date=February 18, 2007|title=The Fall of the House of Edgar|url=http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/02/18/the_fall_of_the_house_of_edgar/|newspaper=The Boston Globe|access-date=October 7, 2019|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225065324/http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/02/18/the_fall_of_the_house_of_edgar/|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Walsh|first=John Evangelist|year=2000|orig-year=1968|title=Poe the Detective: The Curious Circumstances behind 'The Mystery of Marie Roget'|location=New York|publisher=St. Martins Minotaur|isbn=978-0-8135-0567-1}} (1968 edition printed by Rutgers University Press) |
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* {{cite book|last=Weekes|first=Karen|year=2002|chapter=Poe's feminine ideal|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye_579/page/n168 148]–162|editor-last=Hayes|editor-first=Kevin J.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00haye_579|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-79326-1}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Whalen|first=Terance|year=2001|chapter=Poe and the American Publishing Industry|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicalguidet00kenn/page/n71 63]–94|title=A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalguidet00kenn|url-access=limited|editor-last=Kennedy|editor-first=J. Gerald|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512150-6}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wilbur|first=Richard|year=1967|chapter=The House of Poe|page=[https://archive.org/details/collectionofcrit0000rega/page/99 99]|title=Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays|editor-last=Regan|editor-first=Robert|location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-684963-6|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/collectionofcrit0000rega/page/99}} |
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== 延伸閱讀 == |
== 延伸閱讀 == |
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{{Refbegin}} |
{{Refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book |title=Poe: A Life Cut Short |last=Ackroyd |first=Peter |year=2008 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |isbn=9780701169886 |author-link=Peter Ackroyd}} |
* {{Cite book |title=Poe: A Life Cut Short |last=Ackroyd |first=Peter |year=2008 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |isbn=9780701169886 |author-link=Peter Ackroyd}} |
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* {{Cite book |title=Poe: A Biography |last=Bittner|first=William|year=1962|publisher=Little, Brown and Company |location=Boston |isbn= |author-link=}} |
* {{Cite book |title=Poe: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/poebiography00bitt |last=Bittner|first=William|year=1962|publisher=Little, Brown and Company |location=Boston |isbn= |author-link=}} |
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* {{Cite book |title=Poe |last=Hutchisson|first=James M. |year=2005 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |location=Jackson |isbn=1-57806-721-9 |author-link=}} |
* {{Cite book |title=Poe |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781578067213 |last=Hutchisson|first=James M. |year=2005 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |location=Jackson |isbn=1-57806-721-9 |author-link=}} |
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* {{Cite book |title=Edgar Allan Poe: An Illustrated Companion to His Tell-Tale Stories|last=Poe|first=Harry Lee |year=2008 |publisher=Metro Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4351-0469-3 |author-link=Harry Lee Poe}} |
* {{Cite book |title=Edgar Allan Poe: An Illustrated Companion to His Tell-Tale Stories|last=Poe|first=Harry Lee |year=2008 |publisher=Metro Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4351-0469-3 |author-link=Harry Lee Poe}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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== 外部連結 == |
== 外部連結 == |
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{{Sister project links|s=Author:Edgar Allan Poe|wikt=no|b=no}} |
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{{sisterlinks|爱伦·坡}} |
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{{Library resources box |
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; 關於愛倫·坡 |
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|onlinebooks=yes |
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* [http://www.nps.gov/edal/ 埃德加·愛倫·坡國家史蹟地] |
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|by=yes |
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* [http://www.eapoe.org/ 巴爾的摩埃德加·愛倫·坡學會] |
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|viaf=60351476}} |
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* {{findagrave|822}} ,2009年5月17日查閱 |
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* {{Gutenberg author |id=Poe,+Edgar+Allan | name=Edgar Allan Poe}} |
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* [http://www.online-literature.com/poe/ 愛倫·坡 於 文學網絡] |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Edgar Allan Poe}} |
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* [http://www.poemuseum.org/ 愛倫·坡博物館,維吉尼亞州里奇蒙] |
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* {{Librivox author |id=21}} |
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* [http://poe-raven.wikispaces.com/ Wiki:愛倫·坡與其作品] |
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* {{OL author}} |
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* [http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead/00109.xml&query=edgar%20allen%20poe&query-join=and 埃德加·愛倫·坡彙集]於[[德州大學|德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校]][[哈利·蘭塞姆中心]] |
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* [http://www.nps.gov/edal/index.htm Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nps.gov/edal/index.htm |date=20210419024300 }} |
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* [http://www.eapoe.org/ Edgar Allan Poe Society in Baltimore] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eapoe.org/ |date=20100306032544 }} |
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* [http://www.poemuseum.org/ Poe Museum in Richmond, Virginia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.poemuseum.org/ |date=20091219123629 }} |
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* [http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?169898 Edgar Allan Poe's Personal Correspondence] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?169898 |date=20150223052915 }} Shapell Manuscript Foundation |
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* [http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead/00109.xml&query=edgar%20allen%20poe&query-join=and Edgar Allan Poe's Collection] {{Wayback|url=http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00109.xml&query=edgar%20allen%20poe&query-join=and |date=20120301185854 }} at the [[Harry Ransom Center]] at [[The University of Texas at Austin]] |
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* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8301128.stm 'Funeral' honours Edgar Allan Poe] {{Wayback|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8301128.stm |date=20210414123733 }} [[BBC News]] (with video) 2009-10-11 |
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* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/POE/contents.html Selected Stories] {{Wayback|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/POE/contents.html |date=20160112221713 }} from American Studies at the University of Virginia |
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* {{isfdb name|622}} |
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* {{LCAuth|n79029745|Edgar Allan Poe|944|}} |
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* [https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4079225 Finding aid to Edgar Allan Poe papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.] {{Wayback|url=https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4079225 |date=20210414123452 }} |
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{{美国伟人名人堂}} |
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{{浪漫主義}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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; 作品 |
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* [http://www.blackcatpoems.com/p/edgar_allan_poe.html 埃德加·愛倫·坡的詩] – 愛倫·坡詩作的廣泛彙集 |
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* [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=81604 埃德加·愛倫·坡詩作] 於 PoetryFoundation.org |
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* [http://www.poestories.com/ PoeStories.com] – 收錄愛倫·坡短篇故事的摘要、引用語錄及全文,及愛倫·坡年表、圖集。 |
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* [http://www.houseofusher.net/ 埃德加·愛倫·坡虛擬圖書館] |
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* {{gutenberg author|id=Edgar_Allan_Poe|name=埃德加·愛倫·坡}} |
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* [http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3Aedgar%20poe%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts 埃德加·愛倫·坡作品],可見於[[網際網路檔案館]]。瀏覽圖解書籍。 |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Poe, Edgar Allan}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Poe, Edgar Allan}} |
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[[Category:愛倫·坡]] |
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{{浪漫主義}} |
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[[Category:美国作家]] |
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[[Category:美国诗人]] |
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[[Category:推理小說作家]] |
[[Category:推理小說作家]] |
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[[Category:恐怖小說作家]] |
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[[Category:西點軍校校友]] |
[[Category:西點軍校校友]] |
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[[Category:維吉尼亞大學校友]] |
[[Category:維吉尼亞大學校友]] |
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[[Category:苏格兰-爱尔兰裔美国人]] |
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[[Category:浪漫主义诗人]] |
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[[Category:美国陆军士兵]] |
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[[Category:费城作家]] |
[[Category:费城作家]] |
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[[Category:波士顿作家]] |
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[[Category:巴尔的摩作家]] |
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[[Category:趣味密码学家]] |
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[[Category:葬于马里兰州]] |
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[[Category:19世紀美國作家]] |
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[[Category:美国未解决死亡案与谋杀案]] |
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[[Category:恐怖小說作家]] |
2024年12月10日 (二) 03:28的最新版本
埃德加·爱伦·坡 Edgar Allan Poe | |
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出生 | 美国麻薩諸塞州波士頓 | 1809年1月19日
逝世 | 1849年10月7日 美国馬里蘭州巴爾的摩 | (40歲)
職業 | 詩人、短篇小說作家、編輯及文學評論家 |
體裁 | 恐怖小說、犯罪小說、偵探小說 |
文學運動 | 奇幻小說 |
代表作 | 《烏鴉》(The Raven) |
配偶 | 維吉尼亞·伊莉莎·克萊姆·坡 |
親屬 | 大衛·坡二世與伊莉莎白·雅諾德·坡(生父母);約翰·愛倫與法蘭西絲·愛倫(養父母) |
受影響於 | 拜倫 查爾斯·狄更斯 安·拉德克利夫 納撒尼爾·霍桑 |
施影響於 | 夏爾·波德萊爾 奧斯卡·王爾德 杜斯妥也夫斯基 羅伯·路易斯·史蒂文生 柯南·道爾 儒勒·凡爾納 洛夫克拉夫特 博爾赫斯 雷·布萊伯利 雷蒙尼·史尼奇 費爾南多·佩索阿 哈蘭·艾里森 江戶川亂步 史蒂芬·金 |
簽名 |
埃德加·愛倫·坡(英語:Edgar Allan Poe;1809年1月19日—1849年10月7日),美國作家、詩人、編輯與文學評論家,被尊崇是美國浪漫主義運動要角之一,以懸疑及驚悚小說最負盛名。愛倫·坡是美國的短篇小說先鋒之一,蕭伯納说过:美國出了兩個偉大的作家──愛倫·坡和馬克·吐溫[1][2]。
愛倫·坡是愛爾蘭裔美國人,生於麻薩諸塞州波士頓,本名埃德加·坡,幼時父親出走,三歲時母親逝世。坡由維吉尼亞州里奇蒙的約翰與法蘭西絲·愛倫夫婦扶養長大,先後在杜伯夫人、伯蘭斯比神父開辦的學校就讀,並回到里奇蒙的學校學習擊劍、騎馬、游泳、拉丁文和法文等等。在維吉尼亞大學短暫就讀、從事軍職後,愛倫·坡自費出版了首部作品《帖木爾》(1827年)詩集,就此展開了他的創作生涯。
愛倫·坡後將心力投入散文,並在接著數年間謀職於文學雜誌與期刊,以他獨特的風格成為小有名氣的文學評論家。愛倫·坡因工作需求常來往巴爾的摩、費城、紐約等城市,而於1835年,26歲的他與13歲的表妹維吉尼亞·克萊姆在巴爾的摩完婚。1845年1月,愛倫·坡發表了詩作《烏鴉》,一夕成名。两年後,他的妻子死於結核病。愛倫·坡開始籌畫以個人名義創辦一份刊物《賓州報》(後改名為《鐵筆報》),但到死前都沒有完成此業。1849年10月7日,愛倫·坡逝於巴爾的摩。
他的著作亦時常現身於文學、音樂、電影與電視等流行文化中。愛倫·坡生前的各處居所則多被保留為博物館至今。
生平
[编辑]早年
[编辑]1809年1月19日埃德加·坡出生於马萨诸塞州的波士頓,家中排行第二,父親大衛·坡二世與母親伊莉莎白·雅諾德·坡均為演員。他有一兄一妹,分別名為威廉·亨利·倫納德·坡與羅莎莉·坡(Rosalie Poe)[3]。埃德加可能是依據莎士比亞劇作《李爾王》中的一角命名的,大衛與伊莉莎白曾於1809年演出此劇[4]。坡的父親於1810年離家[5],而母親則在隔年死於肺病。坡隨後被在維吉尼亞州里奇蒙買賣菸草、布匹、小麥、墓石、奴隸等商品的蘇格蘭商人約翰·愛倫收養[6][7][8]。
1812年,爱伦家族让坡在国教会教堂受洗[7]。1815年,爱伦·坡全家迁往英格兰。坡进入苏格兰埃文的一所语法学校就读了一段时间。一年后全家再次迁到伦敦。在那儿他先後就读于杜伯夫人、伯蘭斯比神父開辦的学校。1817年夏,他又加入了Stoke Newington的约翰·布兰斯比庄园学校[9]。
1820年,坡和养母返回了里士满,學習擊劍、騎馬、游泳、拉丁文、法文等等。
1824年,坡暗恋玩伴的母親簡·斯蒂恩·斯塔納德,未幾,她就病故,坡為此作了一首诗:《致海伦》。第二年,坡与一名少女私定婚约,但双方家长都强烈反对,最后此婚约被少女的父母废除。17岁时,坡的养父将其送入弗吉尼亚大学,坡并不像他的一些同学那样去工作,他自幼所受的教育使他自認為是南方貴族,因而結交了一群富家子弟,年轻的他选择了赌场,聚賭酗酒,不但欠了一身賭債,還從此與酗酒脫離不了關係。入学不足一年,坡辍学,回到里士满。第二年3月,他离家出走。
军旅生涯
[编辑]出于生计问题,1827年5月,坡在波士顿以“埃德加·A·佩里”为名应募入美国陆军。他声称自己22岁,实为18岁。他首先服役于波士顿独立堡垒,酬劳为每月五美元。同时,波士顿的一家小出版社以“波士顿人”署名,出版了坡的第一本诗集,其中共收入10首诗,但该书没有得到重视,仅印了50本。同年11月,坡所在的军队乘坐双桅船“沃尔涩慕号”,前往南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿摩尔特里堡守防。在炮兵部队服役两年获得士官最高级别的军士长军衔后,坡提前结束了五年的兵役。养母弗朗西丝·爱伦于1829年2月28日逝世,坡在养母安葬后第二天前往探访,坡要求养父帮助他进西点军校,并希望养父能够资助他的第二本诗集的出版。养父同意了坡的要求。
1829年4月15日,换防完成后,坡正式退伍。坡搬回巴尔的摩,和姑妈玛丽亚·克蕾姆及其八歲的女儿、表兄亨利和病魔缠身的祖母伊丽莎白·凯恩司·坡同居,同年12月,坡的第二本诗集仍然由巴爾的摩的一家出版社出版了。
1830年5月,坡的養父提供生活費,讓坡以学员身份進入西点军校,坡西校同届同学即后来南北战争北军统帅格籣特将军,后来还接林肯当美国总统,在同年10月与第二任妻子路易·莎帕特森喜结连理,但在校中以其讽刺诗闻名的坡,因与养父的争吵而写信讽刺他的养父,最终让养父与他断绝关系。坡常常违反校规,1831年1月,坡受军事法庭审判,因為职责疏忽、酗酒赖床致违抗参与编队、课程和教会的命令而被开除。1831年2月离开纽约,在战友募捐的170美元的帮助下,坡出版了他的第三本诗集。第二版由纽约人伊兰姆·布利斯印刷,扉页写着“谨以本书献给美国军队立宪民主党人”
接下来的几年,坡住在姑妈家,教表妹弗吉尼亚念书,哥哥亨利在1831年8月1日过世。
崭露文坛
[编辑]早期尝试写诗的坡,已把注意力转向散文。他的几个故事在费城出版,并开始他的唯一一部戏剧《Politian》的创作。1833年,坡的一短篇小说《瓶中手稿》获巴尔的摩《星期六游客报》举办的征文比赛的一等奖。另外,《罗马大圆形竞技场》则获诗歌类比赛中的第二名。
1834年3月,坡的养父逝世。虽然坡的小说和诗歌都开始崭露头角,但他的经济仍十分拮据,评论家约翰·P·肯尼迪很赏识坡的才华,他不仅借钱给坡还将坡介绍给月刊《南方文学信使》的出版人托马斯·怀特,坡从1835年开始为《南》供稿,后受聘为《南》的助理编辑并负责书评专栏,同年8月担任主编,但几个星期后因酗酒被老板发现而解雇。1835年9月22日,坡回到巴尔的摩与表妹弗吉尼亚秘密结婚,26岁的坡迎娶了13岁的弗吉尼亚(结婚证为21岁)。在对自己的行为进行检讨后,坡被怀特复职,坡带着弗吉尼亚和她的母亲回到里士满,任职于《南》直至次年1月,由于与怀特不合而辞职,后迁家纽约。在此期间,坡声称其作品发行量已从700本上升至3500本。1836年5月16日,他与弗吉尼亚在里士满正式结婚。《楠塔基特的亚瑟戈登·皮姆的自述》于1838年出版。他以大量发表文章、小说及评论的手段以提升声誉,并凭其在《南》犀利的笔调赢得了大批读者青睐。同年,《怪诞蔓藤花纹的传说》选集分两卷出版,得到不一的评价。 离开伯顿一年后,坡成为《格协厄姆杂志》的编辑。
1840年,坡发布招股说明书公布其创办杂志《手札》的意图。原本坡想将杂志命名为《宾州》,因为杂志总部设在费城。坡为他的招股书买下了1840年6月6日费城《星期六晚邮报》的广告栏位,但该杂志直至坡死亡前从未出版。大约在这个时候,他试图担任泰勒的经纪人,声称自己是辉格党的成员,希望在泰勒儿子罗伯特的帮助下委任加入费城海关大楼,罗伯特是坡的朋友弗雷德里克·托马斯的熟人。坡自称自己患病,并未在1842年的任命讨论会议中露面,托马斯认为他是喝醉了。
1842年1月一天晚上,弗吉尼亚在弹唱钢琴时出现了肺结核的首个症状。坡将其形容为她喉咙中的血管遭损坏。坡在弗吉尼亚患病後开始肆无忌惮地酗酒。他离开《格》,回到纽约,就职于《镜子晚报》後轉入《百老汇》,並在雜誌財務困難時接手,雜誌隨即失敗,創辦報刊的美夢破碎,坡也沒錢給弗吉尼亞找醫生看病。
1847年1月30日,弗吉尼亚去世,坡聲稱由於受到严重的打击,因而更加无可救药的酗酒使其精神受到严重损害。之后的两年中,坡向大其五歲的寡婦莎拉·海倫·懷特曼求婚,但因酗酒而遭到解除婚約,後又向有夫之婦南西·里奇蒙太太、女詩人莎拉·安納求愛,都遭到拒絕。
逝世
[编辑]1849年10月3日,愛倫·坡被人發現醉臥在巴爾的摩街頭,根據找到他的人約瑟夫·W·沃克(Joseph W. Walker)所述,當時愛倫·坡“情況危急,並且……需要立即救助”[10]。隨後被帶到華盛頓醫學院(現Church Home and Hospital),在四天後的凌晨5:00逝世[11]。他從沒能清醒地指出究是如何淪落到這個地步的,而且當時他所穿的衣服並非自己所有。據所在臨死前的夜晚,他頻繁地叫著一個人名“雷諾茲”(Reynolds),但現在並不清楚他究竟指的是誰。依據一些來源,愛倫·坡的遺言是“上帝救贖我可憐的靈魂”(Lord help my poor soul)[11]。所有關於他死亡的醫療記錄都已軼失[12]。當時的報紙上登載的死因則是“腦充血”(congestion of the brain)或“腦部炎症”(cerebral inflammation),這在當時是「酒精中毒」的委婉語[13]。但其實他真正的死因至今都沒有定論[14]。相關的猜測則有:震颤性谵妄、心臟病、癲癇、梅毒、腦膜炎[2]、霍亂[15]和狂犬病[16]。一份來自1872年的資料稱是有人將其拘禁以求為某個政府部門的候選人投票,才導致了他的逝世[17]。
流行文化
[编辑]法国歌手兼词曲作者 诺尔韦恩·勒鲁瓦(Nolwenn Leroy)为 爱伦·坡 的诗歌 《A Dream》 和 《The Lake》 配乐,在她的 2017年专辑 《Gemme》 中发行[18]。
主要作品
[编辑]
故事
|
诗
|
其他作品
- 《Politian》(1835) – 愛倫·坡唯一一部戲劇作品
- 《The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket》(1838) – 愛倫·坡唯一一部完整的小說
- 《The Balloon-Hoax》(1844) – 報章記者的惡作劇,以真實事件之名刊登
- 《创作哲学》(The Philosophy of Composition)(1846) – 评论
- 《Eureka: A Prose Poem》(1848) – 评论
- 《诗歌原理》(The Poetic Principle)(1848) – 评论
- 《The Light-House》(1849) – 愛倫·坡最後一部未完成的作品
密碼學
[编辑]1841年7月,愛倫坡在《格雷厄姆雜誌》上發表了一篇題為《秘密寫作的幾句話》的文章。1843年他出版了偵探小說《金甲蟲》,密碼是該小說的重要組成部分。[19]:2,6美國最重要的密碼學家威廉姆·弗里德曼最初對密碼學感興趣是因為小時候讀過《金甲蟲》,後來他在第二次世界大戰期間將其用於解密日本的紫色密碼。[19]:146
参见
[编辑]註釋
[编辑]- ^ Stableford, Brian. "Science fiction before the genre." The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction, Eds. Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版, 2003. pp. 18–19.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Meyers 1992,第256頁
- ^ Allen, Hervey. "Introduction". The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1927.
- ^ Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 65. ISBN 978-0-86576-008-0
- ^ Canada, Mark, ed. "Edgar Allan Poe Chronology 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2007-05-18.". Canada's America. 1997. Retrieved on June 3, 2007.
- ^ Meyers, 8
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Meyers, 9
- ^ Quinn, 61
- ^ Silverman, 16–18
- ^ Quinn 1998,第638頁 原文:in great distress, and ... in need of immediate assistance
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Meyers 1992,第255頁
- ^ Bramsback 1970,第40頁
- ^ Silverman 1991,第435–436頁
- ^ Silverman 1991,第435頁
- ^ CrimeLibrary.com 2008
- ^ Benitez 1996
- ^ Walsh 2000,第32–33頁
- ^ Stephen Hawking, un astrophysicien devenu icône de la culture populaire. Europe1. [2023-05-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-23).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Shawn Rosenheim; Shawn James Rosenheim. The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet. Johns Hopkins University Press. 1997 [2020-04-17]. ISBN 978-0-8018-5332-6. (原始内容存档于2021-05-01).
參考文獻
[编辑]- Allen, Hervey. Introduction. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe. New York: P.F. Collier & Son. 1927. OCLC 1050810755.
- Man Reveals Legend of Mystery Visitor to Edgar Allan Poe's Grave. Fox News. Associated Press. August 15, 2007 [December 15, 2007]. (原始内容存档于December 22, 2007).
- Benitez, R, Michael. Poe's Death Is Rewritten as Case of Rabies, Not Telltale Alcohol. New York Times. September 15, 1996 [2021-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-19). Based on Benitez, R. M. A 39-year-old man with mental status change. Maryland Medical Journal. 1996, 45 (9): 765–769. PMID 8810221.
- Benton, Richard P. Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards. Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV (编). Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society. 1987: 1–25 [2021-04-17]. ISBN 978-0-9616449-1-8. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
- Bramsback, Birgit. The Final Illness and Death of Edgar Allan Poe: An Attempt at Reassessment. Studia Neophilologica. 1970, XLII: 40. doi:10.1080/00393277008587456.
- BronxHistoricalSociety.org. Edgar Allan Poe Cottage. 2007. (原始内容存档于October 11, 2007).
- Burns, Niccole. Poe wrote most important works in Philadelphia. School of Communication – University of Miami. November 15, 2006 [October 13, 2007]. (原始内容存档于December 15, 2007).
- Cappi, Alberto. Edgar Allan Poe's Physical Cosmology. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1994, 35: 177–192. Bibcode:1994QJRAS..35..177C.
- Canada, Mark (编). Edgar Allan Poe Chronology. Canada's America. 1997 [June 3, 2007]. (原始内容存档于May 18, 2007).
- CrimeLibrary.com. Death Suspicion Cholera. TruTV.com. 2008 [May 9, 2008]. (原始内容存档于June 5, 2008).
- Carlson, Eric Walter. A Companion to Poe Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 1996 [2021-04-17]. ISBN 978-0-313-26506-8. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17).
- Cornelius, Kay. Biography of Edgar Allan Poe. Harold Bloom (编). Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7910-6173-2.
- Edgar Allan Poe Society. The Baltimore Poe House and Museum. eapoe.org. 2007 [October 13, 2007]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17).
- Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV. Poe's 'Metzengerstein': Not a Hoax (1971). On Poe: The Best from American Literature. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1993: 142–149. ISBN 978-0-8223-1311-3.
- Foye, Raymond (编). The Unknown Poe Paperback. San Francisco, CA: City Lights. 1980. ISBN 978-0-87286-110-7.
- Frank, Frederick S.; Magistrale, Anthony. The Poe Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-313-27768-9.
- Friedman, William F. Edgar Allan Poe, Cryptographer (1936). On Poe: The Best from American Literature. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1993: 40–54. ISBN 978-0-8223-1311-3.
- Gargano, James W. The Question of Poe's Narrators. Regan, Robert (编). Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1967: 165. ISBN 978-0-13-684963-6.
- Glenn, Joshua. The house of Poe – mystery solved!. The Boston Globe. April 9, 2007 [October 7, 2019]. (原始内容存档于October 8, 2013).
- Grayson, Eric. Weird Science, Weirder Unity: Phrenology and Physiognomy in Edgar Allan Poe. Mode 1. 2005: 56–77.
- Hall, Wiley. Poe Fan Takes Credit for Grave Legend. USA Today. Associated Press. August 15, 2007 [October 7, 2019]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-28).
- Harner, Gary Wayne. Edgar Allan Poe in France: Baudelaire's Labor of Love. Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV (编). Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society. 1990. ISBN 978-0-9616449-2-5.
- Harrison, Edward. Darkness at Night: A Riddle of the Universe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-674-19270-6.
- Harrowitz, Nancy, The Body of the Detective Model: Charles S. Peirce and Edgar Allan Poe, Eco, Umberto; Sebeok, Thomas (编), The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce, Bloomington, IN: History Workshop, Indiana University Press: 179–197, 1984, ISBN 978-0-253-35235-4. Harrowitz discusses Poe's "tales of ratiocination" in the light of Charles Sanders Peirce's logic of making good guesses or abductive reasoning.
- Hayes, Kevin J. The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-79326-1.
- Hecker, William J., Private Perry and Mister Poe: The West Point Poems, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8071-3054-4
- Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 1998 [1972]. ISBN 978-0-8071-2321-8.
- Hungerford, Edward. Poe and Phrenology. American Literature. 1930, 1 (3): 209–231. JSTOR 2920231. doi:10.2307/2920231.
- Huxley, Aldous. Vulgarity in Literature. Regan, Robert (编). Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1967: 32. ISBN 978-0-13-684963-6.
- Jannaccone, Pasquale (translated by Peter Mitilineos). The Aesthetics of Edgar Poe. Poe Studies. 1974, 7 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1111/j.1754-6095.1974.tb00224.x.
- Kagle, Steven E. The Corpse Within Us. Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV (编). Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society. 1990. ISBN 978-0-9616449-2-5.
- Kennedy, J. Gerald. Poe, Death, and the Life of Writing. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-300-03773-9.
- Koster, Donald N. Influences of Transcendentalism on American Life and Literature. Galens, David (编). Literary Movements for Students Vol. 1.. Detroit: Thompson Gale. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7876-6518-0. OCLC 865552323.
- Krutch, Joseph Wood. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1926. (1992 reprint: ISBN 978-0-7812-6835-6)
- Lake, Matt. Weird Maryland. New York: Sterling Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4027-3906-4.
- Lease, Benjamin. That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 1972. ISBN 978-0-226-46969-0.
- Ljunquist, Kent. The poet as critic. Hayes, Kevin J. (编). The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 7–20. ISBN 978-0-521-79727-6.
- Maslin, Janet. The Poe Shadow. New York Times. June 6, 2006 [October 13, 2007]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-16).
- Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy Paperback. New York: Cooper Square Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-8154-1038-6.
- Neimeyer, Mark. Poe and Popular Culture. Hayes, Kevin J. (编). The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 205–224. ISBN 978-0-521-79727-6.
- Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann, Inc. 1981. ISBN 978-0-86576-008-0.
- New York Daily News. Edgar Allan Poe's first book from 1827 sells for $662,500; record price for American literature. December 5, 2009 [December 24, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-28).
- New York Times. Emerson's Estimate of Poe. The New York Times. May 20, 1894 [March 2, 2008]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-04).
- Ostrom, John Ward. Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards. Fisher, Benjamin Franklin IV (编). Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society. 1987: 37–47 [2021-04-17]. ISBN 978-0-9616449-1-8. (原始内容存档于2015-12-21).
- Poe, Edgar Allan. Tale-Writing – Nathaniel Hawthorne. Godey's Ladies Book. November 1847: 252–256 [March 24, 2007]. (原始内容存档于2007-06-23).
- Celebrate Edgar Allan Poe's 197th Birthday at the Poe museum. PoeMuseum.org. 2006. (原始内容存档于January 5, 2009).
- Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1998 [2021-04-17]. ISBN 978-0-8018-5730-0. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03). (Originally published in 1941 by New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.)
- The Raven Society. History. University of Virginia alumni. 2014 [May 18, 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-15).
- Rombeck, Terry. Poe's little-known science book reprinted. Lawrence Journal-World & News. January 22, 2005 [2021-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-20).
- Rosenheim, Shawn James. The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-8018-5332-6.
- Royot, Daniel, Poe's Humor, Hayes, Kevin J. (编), The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 57–71, 2002, ISBN 978-0-521-79326-1
- Sears, Donald A. John Neal. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1978. ISBN 978-0-8057-7230-2.
- Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance Paperback. New York: Harper Perennial. 1991. ISBN 978-0-06-092331-0.
- Smoot, George; Davidson, Keay. Wrinkles in Time Reprint. New York: Harper Perennial. 1994. ISBN 978-0-380-72044-6.
- Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Work Paperback. New York: Checkmark Books. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8160-4161-9.
- Stableford, Brian. Science fiction before the genre. James, Edward; Mendlesohn, Farah (编). The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003: 15–31. ISBN 978-0-521-01657-5.
- Tresch, John. Extra! Extra! Poe invents science fiction. Hayes, Kevin J. (编). The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 113–132. ISBN 978-0-521-79326-1.
- Van Hoy, David C. The Fall of the House of Edgar. The Boston Globe. February 18, 2007 [October 7, 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-25).
- Walsh, John Evangelist. Poe the Detective: The Curious Circumstances behind 'The Mystery of Marie Roget'. New York: St. Martins Minotaur. 2000 [1968]. ISBN 978-0-8135-0567-1. (1968 edition printed by Rutgers University Press)
- Weekes, Karen. Poe's feminine ideal. Hayes, Kevin J. (编). The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 148–162. ISBN 978-0-521-79326-1.
- Whalen, Terance. Poe and the American Publishing Industry. Kennedy, J. Gerald (编). A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Oxford University Press. 2001: 63–94. ISBN 978-0-19-512150-6.
- Wilbur, Richard. The House of Poe. Regan, Robert (编). Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1967: 99. ISBN 978-0-13-684963-6.
延伸閱讀
[编辑]- Ackroyd, Peter. Poe: A Life Cut Short. London: Chatto & Windus. 2008. ISBN 9780701169886.
- Bittner, William. Poe: A Biography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1962.
- Hutchisson, James M. Poe. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. 2005. ISBN 1-57806-721-9.
- Poe, Harry Lee. Edgar Allan Poe: An Illustrated Companion to His Tell-Tale Stories. New York: Metro Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-4351-0469-3.
外部連結
[编辑]關於爱伦·坡 的圖書館資源 |
爱伦·坡的作品 |
---|
- Edgar Allan Poe的作品 - 古騰堡計劃
- 互联网档案馆中爱伦·坡的作品或与之相关的作品
- 來自爱伦·坡的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物
- 开放图书馆中爱伦·坡的著作
- Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Edgar Allan Poe Society in Baltimore (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Poe Museum in Richmond, Virginia (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Edgar Allan Poe's Personal Correspondence (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Shapell Manuscript Foundation
- Edgar Allan Poe's Collection (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at the Harry Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin
- 'Funeral' honours Edgar Allan Poe (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) BBC News (with video) 2009-10-11
- Selected Stories (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) from American Studies at the University of Virginia
- 網路推理小說資料庫上的爱伦·坡
- Edgar Allan Poe在国会图书馆管理局的纪录,有944条目录纪录
- Finding aid to Edgar Allan Poe papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)