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{{Infobox software
{{Infobox software
| name = CERN httpd
| name = CERN httpd
| logo = [[File:Httpd48x.gif]]
| logo = <!-- 合理使用文件：Httpd48x.gif -->
| screenshot =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| caption =
| author =
| author =
| developer = [[CERN]] / [[World Wide Web Consortium]]
| developer = [[CERN|欧洲核子研究中心]] / [[万维网联盟]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1990|12|24|df=yes}}
| released = {{Start date and age|1990|12|24|df=yes}}
| discontinued = yes
| latest release version = 3.0A
| latest release version = 3.0A
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|1996|07|15|df=yes}}<ref name="w3c"/>
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|1996|07|15|df=yes}}<ref name="w3c"/>
⚫
| status = 已终止开发
| operating system = [[Unix]], [[Unix-like]]
| operating system = [[Unix]]、[[类Unix系统]]
| platform =
| platform =
| language = [[C programming language|C]]
| language = [[C programming language|C语言]]
| discontinued = yes
| genre = [[網頁伺服器]]、[[代理伺服器]]
⚫
| license = [https://www.w3.org/COPYRIGHT.html MIT许可证]与[https://www.w3.org/CERN.html CERN]声明
⚫
| status = discontinued
| genre = [[Web server]], [[proxy server]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.w3.org/Daemon/}}
⚫
| license = [http://www.w3.org/COPYRIGHT.html MIT Copyright Statement] with acknowledgement to [http://www.w3.org/CERN.html CERN]
| website = {{URL|www.w3.org/Daemon/}}
}}
}}
'''CERN httpd''' (later also known as '''[[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] httpd''') was a [[web server]] ([[HTTP]]) [[daemon (computing)|daemon]] originally developed at [[CERN]] from 1990 onwards by [[Tim Berners-Lee]], [[Ari Luotonen]]<ref name="why" /> and [[Henrik Frystyk Nielsen]].<ref name="w3c">[http://www.w3.org/Daemon/ Official CERN httpd page]</ref> Implemented in [[C programming language|C]], it was the first ever web server software.<ref name="server.com">[http://grapps.server.com/Guide/Web_Servers/CERN_httpd.html The Server Guide: CERN httpd]</ref>
'''CERN httpd'''（亦稱'''[[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] httpd'''）是一個[[網頁伺服器|网页服务器]]的[[守護进程]]（daemon），也是世界上第一個[[網頁伺服器]]<ref name="server.com">[http://grapps.server.com/Guide/Web_Servers/CERN_httpd.html The Server Guide: CERN httpd]</ref>，由[[全球資訊網]]發明人[[提姆·柏納-李]]、以及[[Ari Luotonen]]<ref name="why" />、[[Henrik Frystyk Nielsen]]<ref name="w3c">[http://www.w3.org/Daemon/ Official CERN httpd page]</ref>所開發，誕生於1990年的[[平安夜]]。CERN httpd已於1996年7月15日終止開發。


== History ==
== 历史 ==
[[File:First Web Server.jpg|thumb|right|This [[NeXT Computer]] used by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] at CERN became the world's first web server]]
[[File:First Web Server.jpg|thumb|被[[提姆·柏納-李]]在CERN所使用的这台[[NeXT Computer|NeXT]]计算机成为了世界上第一台网页服务器。]]
CERN httpd was originally developed on a [[NeXT Computer]] running [[NeXTSTEP]], and was later ported to other [[Unix-like]] [[operating system]]s, [[OpenVMS]] and systems with unix emulation layers, e.g. OS/2 with emx+gcc. It could also be configured as a web [[proxy server]].<ref name="w3c"/><ref name="server.com"/>
CERN httpd起初在运行在一台使用[[NeXTSTEP]]操作系统的[[NeXT Computer|NeXT计算机]]上，在之后则被转移到其他[[类Unix系统]]、 [[OpenVMS]]和其他具有Unix仿真层的系统上运行之上运行，例如搭配emx+gcc的OS/2。CERN httpd同样可以配置为网页[[代理服务器]]<ref name="w3c"/><ref name="server.com"/>。
Version 0.1 was released in June 1991.<ref>[http://www.w3.org/Daemon/Features.html Change History for httpd]</ref>
0.1版于1991年6月放出<ref>[http://www.w3.org/Daemon/Features.html Change History for httpd]</ref>。
In August 1991, Berners-Lee announced in the [[Usenet newsgroup]] ''alt.hypertext'' the availability of the [[source code]] of the server daemon and other [[World Wide Web]] software from the CERN [[FTP]] site.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web - Web development|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/zhwiki/w/wi_lee.htm#dev|accessdate=26 July 2010|first=Bill|last=Stewart|publisher=Living Internet}}</ref>
在1991年8月，伯纳斯-李在[[Usenet]]的[[新闻组]]''alt.hypertext''上放出了网页服务器守护进程和其他来源于CERN [[文件传输协议|FTP]]站点的[[万维网]]软件的[[源代码]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web - Web development|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/zhwiki/w/wi_lee.htm#dev|accessdate=26 July 2010|first=Bill|last=Stewart|publisher=Living Internet}}</ref>。


{{quote box|width = 200px|The original, first generation HTTP server which some call the [[Volkswagen]] of the Web.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|accessdate=23 January 2011|url=http://www.w3.org/Status#CERN|title=W3C Open Source Software - CERN Server}}</ref>}}
{{quote box|width = 200px|原始的第一代HTTP服务器被某些人称作万维网上的[[大众汽车]]。<ref>{{cite web|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|accessdate=23 January 2011|url=http://www.w3.org/Status#CERN|title=W3C Open Source Software - CERN Server}}</ref>}}
The server was presented on the [[Hypertext 91 conference]] in San Antonio and was part of the [[CERN Program Library]] (CERNLIB).<ref>{{cite web|title=How the web began|url=http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/WebStory-en.html|publisher=[[CERN]]|accessdate=25 July 2010|year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Bill|publisher=Living Internet|title=Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web - Berners-Lee|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/zhwiki/w/wi_lee.htm#lee|accessdate=21 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Short History of the Web|url=http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/robert_cailliau_speech.htm |publisher=[[NetValley]]|accessdate=21 July 2010|author=[[Robert Cailliau]]|date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
这个服务器在圣安东尼奥市举办的超文本91会议（英文：[[Hypertext 91 conference]]）被提出，曾是CERN程序资源库（英文：[[CERN Program Library]]）（CERNLIB）的一部分。The server was presented on the in and was part of the [[CERN Program Library]] (CERNLIB).<ref>{{cite web|title=How the web began|url=http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/WebStory-en.html|publisher=[[CERN]]|accessdate=25 July 2010|year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Bill|publisher=Living Internet|title=Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web - Berners-Lee|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/zhwiki/w/wi_lee.htm#lee|accessdate=21 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Short History of the Web|url=http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/robert_cailliau_speech.htm |publisher=[[NetValley]]|accessdate=21 July 2010|author=[[Robert Cailliau]]|date=21 July 2010}}</ref>。


Later versions of the server are based on the [[libwww]] [[library (computing)|library]].<ref name="why">{{cite web|title=Why Libwww?|url=http://www.w3.org/Library/Activity.html|accessdate=15 June 2010|date=5 August 1999|first=José|last=Kahan|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium}}</ref> The development of CERN httpd was later taken over by W3C, with the last release being version 3.0A of 15 July 1996.<ref name="w3c"/> From 1996 onwards, W3C focused on the development of the [[Java (programming language)|Java]]-based [[Jigsaw (server)|Jigsaw]] server.<ref>{{cite web|last=Baird-Smith|first=Anselm|title=W3C Activity: The CERN server|url=http://www.w3.org/Daemon/Activity.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|accessdate=21 July 2010|date=April 1996}}</ref>
而之后版本的服务器都是基于[[libwww|ibwww]][[函式庫|库]]之上的<ref name="why">{{cite web|title=Why Libwww?|url=http://www.w3.org/Library/Activity.html|accessdate=15 June 2010|date=5 August 1999|first=José|last=Kahan|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium}}</ref>。在1996年7月15日推出了3.0A版本之后，CERN httpd项目的发展被W3C所接管<ref name="w3c"/>。自1996年之后，W3C将重点落在了研发基于[[Java]]的Jigsaw服务器之上<ref>{{cite web|last=Baird-Smith|first=Anselm|title=W3C Activity: The CERN server|url=http://www.w3.org/Daemon/Activity.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|accessdate=21 July 2010|date=April 1996}}</ref>。


The initial version was [[public domain software]]; the last one was under an [[MIT license]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140817185526/http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/birth-web/licensing-web The birth of the web Licensing the web] on cern.ch (2014, archived)</ref>
此程序的初始版本为公有领域软件，最后一个版本则基于[[MIT許可證|MIT许可]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140817185526/http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/birth-web/licensing-web The birth of the web Licensing the web] on cern.ch (2014, archived)</ref>。


== See also ==
== 参见 ==
{{Portal|Free software}}
{{Portal|Free software}}
* [[網頁伺服器比較]]
* [[Comparison of web server software]]
* [[Traffic Server]]
* [[Traffic Server]]
* [[代理服务器]]
* [[Web accelerator]], which discusses host-based HTTP acceleration
* [[反向代理]]
* [[Proxy server]], which discusses client-side proxies
* [[Reverse proxy]], which discusses origin-side proxies


== References ==
== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Daemon/ the official W3C page]
* [http://www.w3.org/Daemon/ W3C官方页面]
* [http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Daemon/Basic.html The historic web site in the W3C archive of November 1992]
* [http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Daemon/Basic.html 在1992年11月保存的W3C网页存档]
* [http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html CERN republished her first website.]
* [http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html CERN重新发布了它的第一个网站]


{{Web server software}}
{{Web server software}}

2021年10月28日 (四) 04:38的最新版本

CERN httpd
開發者欧洲核子研究中心 / 万维网联盟
首次发布1990年12月24日，​33年前​（1990-12-24）
最终版本3.0A（1996年7月15日，​28年前​（1996-07-15）[1]）
操作系统Unix、类Unix系统
语言C语言
类型網頁伺服器、代理伺服器
许可协议MIT许可证与CERN声明
网站www.w3.org/Daemon/

CERN httpd（亦稱W3C httpd）是一個网页服务器的守護进程（daemon），也是世界上第一個網頁伺服器[2]，由全球資訊網發明人提姆·柏納-李、以及Ari Luotonen[3]、Henrik Frystyk Nielsen[1]所開發，誕生於1990年的平安夜。CERN httpd已於1996年7月15日終止開發。

历史

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被提姆·柏納-李在CERN所使用的这台NeXT计算机成为了世界上第一台网页服务器。

CERN httpd起初在运行在一台使用NeXTSTEP操作系统的NeXT计算机上，在之后则被转移到其他类Unix系统、 OpenVMS和其他具有Unix仿真层的系统上运行之上运行，例如搭配emx+gcc的OS/2。CERN httpd同样可以配置为网页代理服务器[1][2]。 0.1版于1991年6月放出[4]。 在1991年8月，伯纳斯-李在Usenet的新闻组alt.hypertext上放出了网页服务器守护进程和其他来源于CERN FTP站点的万维网软件的源代码[5]。

原始的第一代HTTP服务器被某些人称作万维网上的大众汽车。[6]

这个服务器在圣安东尼奥市举办的超文本91会议（英文：Hypertext 91 conference）被提出，曾是CERN程序资源库（英文：CERN Program Library）（CERNLIB）的一部分。The server was presented on the in and was part of the CERN Program Library (CERNLIB).[7][8][9]。

而之后版本的服务器都是基于ibwww库之上的[3]。在1996年7月15日推出了3.0A版本之后，CERN httpd项目的发展被W3C所接管[1]。自1996年之后，W3C将重点落在了研发基于Java的Jigsaw服务器之上[10]。

此程序的初始版本为公有领域软件，最后一个版本则基于MIT许可[11]。

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Official CERN httpd page
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 The Server Guide: CERN httpd
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Kahan, José. Why Libwww?. World Wide Web Consortium. 5 August 1999 [15 June 2010]. 
  4. ^ Change History for httpd
  5. ^ Stewart, Bill. Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web - Web development. Living Internet. [26 July 2010]. 
  6. ^ W3C Open Source Software - CERN Server. World Wide Web Consortium. [23 January 2011]. 
  7. ^ How the web began. CERN. 2008 [25 July 2010]. 
  8. ^ Stewart, Bill. Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web - Berners-Lee. Living Internet. [21 July 2010]. 
  9. ^ Robert Cailliau. A Short History of the Web. NetValley. 21 July 2010 [21 July 2010]. 
  10. ^ Baird-Smith, Anselm. W3C Activity: The CERN server. World Wide Web Consortium. April 1996 [21 July 2010]. 
  11. ^ The birth of the web Licensing the web on cern.ch (2014, archived)

外部链接

[编辑]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=User:Vanished_user_1231123/沙盒/TS6&oldid=68401584”