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瓦尔迪维亚：修订间差异

坐标：39°48′50″S 73°14′45″W / 39.81389°S 73.24583°W / -39.81389; -73.24583
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| motto = ''Muy Noble y Muy Leal''<br />("Most noble and most loyal")
| motto = ''Muy Noble y Muy Leal''<br />("Most noble and most loyal")
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Chile|City]] and [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Chile|City]] and [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
| image_skyline =
| image_skyline = Valdivia y su río.JPG
| image_caption = 瓦尔迪维亚
| image_caption = '''In the center:''' Río Valdivia and Feria Fluvial de Valdivia, '''from left to right:''' Torreón Picarte (Torreón del Barro), Casino de Juegos and Hotel Pedro de Valdivia, [[Center for Scientific Studies]] (CECs), Maurice van de Maele Historical and Anthropological Museum at the Campus of Culture and the Arts of the [[Austral University of Chile]], [[black-necked swan]]s in the [[Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary]].
| image_flag = Flag of Valdivia, Chile.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Valdivia, Chile.svg
| flag_size =
| flag_size =
第28行： 第28行：
| subdivision_type2 = [[大区_(智利)|省份]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[大区_(智利)|省份]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[瓦爾迪維亞省]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[瓦爾迪維亞省]]
| government_footnotes =<ref name="Munitel">{{cite web |url = http://www.munitel.cl/ |title = Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades |access-date = 23 February 2011 |language = es |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110419202659/http://www.munitel.cl/ |archive-date = 19 April 2011 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Official">{{cite web |url = http://www.munivaldivia.cl/ |title = Municipality of Valdivia |access-date = 23 February 2011 |language = es |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20001018115531/http://www.munivaldivia.cl/ |archive-date = 18 October 2000 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref>
| government_footnotes =<ref name="Munitel">{{cite web |url = http://www.munitel.cl/ |title = Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades |access-date = 2011-02-23 |language = es |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110419202659/http://www.munitel.cl/ |archive-date = 2011-04-19 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Official">{{cite web |url = http://www.munivaldivia.cl/ |title = Municipality of Valdivia |access-date = 2011-02-23 |language = es |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20001018115531/http://www.munivaldivia.cl/ |archive-date = 2000-10-18 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
| government_type = 直轄市
| government_type = 直轄市
| leader_title =
| leader_title =
第38行： 第38行：
| established_date2 =1552年2月9日
| established_date2 =1552年2月9日
| unit_pref = Metric
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =<ref name="INE">{{cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |access-date=7 February 2010|language=es}}</ref>
| area_footnotes =<ref name="INE">{{cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |access-date= 2010-02-07 |language= es |archive-date= 2010-07-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100715195638/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php }}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 1015.6
| area_total_km2 = 1015.6
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
第70行： 第70行：
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}

[[File:Valdivia y su río.JPG|瓦尔迪维亚|缩略图]]
'''瓦尔迪维亚'''（{{lang-es|Valdivia}}）位于[[智利]]中部[[河大区]]，[[瓦尔迪维亚河]]畔。是[[瓦尔迪维亚省]]的首府。总面积1,016平方公里，总人口约150,048人（2017年）<ref name="INE2017">{{cite web |url=https://geoarchivos.ine.cl/File/pub/Cd_Pb_Al_Cs_2019.pdf |title=Ciudades, pueblos, aldeas y caceríos 2019 |publisher= National Statistics Institute|date=2019 |access-date=November 1, 2020|language=es}}</ref>。
'''瓦尔迪维亚'''（{{lang-es|Valdivia}}）位于[[智利]]中部[[河大区]]，[[瓦尔迪维亚河]]畔。是[[瓦尔迪维亚省]]的首府。总面积1,016平方公里，总人口约150,048人（2017年）<ref name="INE2017">{{cite web |url=https://geoarchivos.ine.cl/File/pub/Cd_Pb_Al_Cs_2019.pdf |title=Ciudades, pueblos, aldeas y caceríos 2019 |publisher=National Statistics Institute |date=2019 |access-date=2020-11-01 |language=es |archive-date=2019-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713152439/https://geoarchivos.ine.cl/File/pub/Cd_Pb_Al_Cs_2019.pdf }}</ref>。


瓦尔迪维亚於1552年2月由[[佩德羅·德·巴爾迪維亞]]建立。與[[奇洛埃群島]]曾經是[[西班牙帝國]]最南端的兩個殖民地。從1645年到1740年，這座城市由[[秘魯總督轄區]]統治，後者資助了瓦爾迪維亞要塞系統的建設，使瓦爾迪維亞成為新世界最堅固的城市之一。19世紀中葉，瓦爾迪維亞在周邊地區定居了德國移民。
瓦尔迪维亚於1552年2月由[[佩德羅·德·巴爾迪維亞]]建立。與[[奇洛埃群島]]曾經是[[西班牙帝國]]最南端的兩個殖民地。從1645年到1740年，這座城市由[[秘魯總督轄區]]統治，後者資助了瓦爾迪維亞要塞系統的建設，使瓦爾迪維亞成為新世界最堅固的城市之一。19世紀中葉，瓦爾迪維亞在周邊地區定居了德國移民。


1960 年，瓦爾迪維亞受到[[1960年智利大地震|智利大地震]]的嚴重破壞，這是有記錄以最強的地震。地震引起達2公尺的大海嘯，使城市周圍的大片牧場和耕地被永久淹沒。今天，瓦爾迪維亞有不少濕地生態環境被劃分為保護區。
1960 年，瓦爾迪維亞受到[[1960年智利大地震|智利大地震]]的嚴重破壞，這是有記錄以最強的地震。地震引起達2公尺的大海嘯，使城市周圍的大片牧場和耕地被永久淹沒。今天，瓦爾迪維亞有不少濕地生態環境被劃分為保護區。

== 气候 ==
== 气候 ==
瓦尔迪维亚气候湿润，可归为[[海洋性气候]]。
瓦尔迪维亚气候湿润，可归为[[海洋性气候]]。
第201行： 第202行：
|Dec sun = 259
|Dec sun = 259
|year sun =
|year sun =
|source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1970–2000)<ref name=climatenormals>
|source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1970–2000)<ref name=climatenormals>{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/productos/RE3006
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/productos/RE3006
| title = Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos
| title = Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| language = es
| language = es
| access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=records>
| access-date = 2018-12-10
| archive-date = 2018-09-17
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105206/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/productos/RE3006
}}</ref><ref name=records>{{cite web
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/productos/RE3002
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/productos/RE3002
| title = Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Pichoy, Valdivia Ad. (390006)
| title = Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Pichoy, Valdivia Ad. (390006)
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| language = es
| language = es
| access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=DMC>
| access-date = 2018-12-10
| archive-date = 2018-12-06
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235343/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/productos/RE3002
}}</ref><ref name=DMC>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaII.pdf
| url = http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaII.pdf
| title = Estadistica Climatologica Tomo II
| title = Estadistica Climatologica Tomo II
| access-date = December 25, 2012
| access-date = 2012-12-25
| publisher = Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil
| publisher = Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil
| language = es
| language = es
| date = March 2001
| date = March 2001
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180012/http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaII.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180012/http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaII.pdf
| archive-date = March 3, 2016
| archive-date = 2016-03-03
| url-status = dead
| url-status = dead
| df = mdy-all}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] (precipitation days 1981–2010),<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
|source 2 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] (precipitation days 1981–2010),<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211009200311/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-III/Chile/WMO_Normals_Chile%20%285%29.xlsx
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211009200311/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-III/Chile/WMO_Normals_Chile%20%285%29.xlsx
| archive-date = 9 October 2021
| archive-date = 2021-10-09
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-III/Chile/WMO_Normals_Chile%20(5).xlsx
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-III/Chile/WMO_Normals_Chile%20(5).xlsx
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref> Ogimet (sun 1981–2010)<ref name=ogimet>{{cite web
| access-date = 2021-10-09}}</ref> Ogimet (sun 1981–2010)<ref name=ogimet>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200331154002/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gclimat?lang=en&mode=0&ind=85766&ord=DIR&year=2019&mes=12&months=12
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200331154002/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gclimat?lang=en&mode=0&ind=85766&ord=DIR&year=2019&mes=12&months=12
| archive-date = 31 March 2020
| archive-date = 2020-03-31
| url = https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gclimat?lang=en&mode=0&ind=85766&ord=DIR&year=2019&mes=12&months=12
| url = https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gclimat?lang=en&mode=0&ind=85766&ord=DIR&year=2019&mes=12&months=12
| title = CLIMAT summary for 85766: Valdivia (Chile) – Section 2: Monthly Normals
| title = CLIMAT summary for 85766: Valdivia (Chile) – Section 2: Monthly Normals
| work = CLIMAT monthly weather summaries
| work = CLIMAT monthly weather summaries
| publisher = Ogimet
| publisher = Ogimet
| access-date = 31 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=85766&ano=2022&mes=1&day=19&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30|title= 85766: Valdivia (Chile)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 18 January 2022|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 8 February 2022|quote=}}</ref>
| access-date = 2020-03-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=85766&ano=2022&mes=1&day=19&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30|title= 85766: Valdivia (Chile)|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 2022-01-18|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= 2022-02-08|quote= |archive-date= 2022-02-08|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220208034244/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=85766&ano=2022&mes=1&day=19&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30}}</ref>
|date=August 2010}}
|date=August 2010}}


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==外部連結==
==外部連結==
{{wikivoyage|Valdivia}}
{{wikivoyage|Valdivia}}
https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/
https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/ |date=20220622233614 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/ Ilustre Municipalidad de Valdivia]
* {{in lang|es}} [https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/ Ilustre Municipalidad de Valdivia] {{Wayback|url=https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/ |date=20220622233614 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.australvaldivia.cl Diario Austral de Valdivia], Valdivian newspaper
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.australvaldivia.cl Diario Austral de Valdivia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.australvaldivia.cl/ |date=20120204071836 }}, Valdivian newspaper
* {{in lang|es}} [http://geovaldivia.blogspot.com Geology and geomorphology of Valdivia and Los Ríos Region]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://geovaldivia.blogspot.com Geology and geomorphology of Valdivia and Los Ríos Region] {{Wayback|url=http://geovaldivia.blogspot.com/ |date=20210326122940 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.macvaldivia.uach.cl/ Museo de Arte Contemporanea (MAC)], a modern art museum
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.macvaldivia.uach.cl/ Museo de Arte Contemporanea (MAC)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.macvaldivia.uach.cl/ |date=20111011205609 }}, a modern art museum
* {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080518032106/http://www.dibam.cl/sdm_msf_niebla/ Museo Fuerte Niebla], Niebla fort's museum
* {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080518032106/http://www.dibam.cl/sdm_msf_niebla/ Museo Fuerte Niebla], Niebla fort's museum
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.fundacionraphilippi.cl/PROYECTOS.html Museo Philippi], a museum about the naturalist [[Rodolfo Armando Philippi]]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.fundacionraphilippi.cl/PROYECTOS.html Museo Philippi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fundacionraphilippi.cl/PROYECTOS.html |date=20080915194644 }}, a museum about the naturalist [[Rodolfo Armando Philippi]]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.lalibreriadevaldivia.cl La Librería de Valdivia], biggest bookstore in south of Chile
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.lalibreriadevaldivia.cl La Librería de Valdivia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lalibreriadevaldivia.cl/ |date=20090721174348 }}, biggest bookstore in south of Chile
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.vrpanoramas.cl/panoramicas/chile360/valdivia.php Panorámicas de Valdivia en 360°]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.vrpanoramas.cl/panoramicas/chile360/valdivia.php Panorámicas de Valdivia en 360°] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vrpanoramas.cl/panoramicas/chile360/valdivia.php |date=20220109213132 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.valdiviaonline.com Valdivia]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.valdiviaonline.com Valdivia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.valdiviaonline.com/ |date=20160422072014 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://wmforo.com Anime related internet forum made in Valdivia]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://wmforo.com Anime related internet forum made in Valdivia] {{Wayback|url=http://wmforo.com/ |date=20210501195403 }}
* [http://www.alwoplast.cl/ Alwoplast], Valdivian designer/builder of custom catamarans
* [http://www.alwoplast.cl/ Alwoplast] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alwoplast.cl/ |date=20211211044739 }}, Valdivian designer/builder of custom catamarans
* [http://www.cerveza-kunstmann.cl/english.htm Cerveza Kunstmann], local beer maker
* [http://www.cerveza-kunstmann.cl/english.htm Cerveza Kunstmann] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cerveza-kunstmann.cl/english.htm |date=20070528211801 }}, local beer maker
* [https://valdiviaguide.com/ Valdivia Guide], an introductory guide for moving to Valdivia and Chile
* [https://valdiviaguide.com/ Valdivia Guide] {{Wayback|url=https://valdiviaguide.com/ |date=20211123121742 }}, an introductory guide for moving to Valdivia and Chile


{{DEFAULTSORT:Valdivia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Valdivia}}

2024年5月29日 (三) 07:31的最新版本

瓦尔迪维亚
Valdivia
City and Commune
瓦尔迪维亚
瓦尔迪维亚
瓦尔迪维亚旗幟
旗幟
瓦尔迪维亚徽章
徽章
綽號：The City of Rivers, The Pearl of the South of Chile, Chile's Brewery Capital
格言：Muy Noble y Muy Leal
("Most noble and most loyal")
坐标：39°48′50″S 73°14′45″W / 39.81389°S 73.24583°W / -39.81389; -73.24583
國家 智利
大區河大区
省份瓦爾迪維亞省
Founded asSanta María la Blanca de Valdivia
Founded1552年2月9日
語源Pedro de Valdivia
政府[1][2]
 • 类型直轄市
面积[3]
 • 总计1,015.6 平方公里（392.1 平方英里）
海拔5 公尺（16 英尺）
人口（2017年）[3]
 • 總計150,048人
 • 密度148人/平方公里（383人/平方英里）
 • adUrban129,952
 • Rural10,607
居民称谓Valdivian
Sex[3]
 • Men68,510
 • Women72,049
时区CLT（UTC−04:00）
 • 夏时制CLST（UTC−03:00）
Postal code5090000
電話區號country 56 + city 63
ClimateCfb
網站Municipality of Valdivia （西班牙語）

瓦尔迪维亚（西班牙語：Valdivia）位于智利中部河大区，瓦尔迪维亚河畔。是瓦尔迪维亚省的首府。总面积1,016平方公里，总人口约150,048人（2017年）[4]。

瓦尔迪维亚於1552年2月由佩德羅·德·巴爾迪維亞建立。與奇洛埃群島曾經是西班牙帝國最南端的兩個殖民地。從1645年到1740年，這座城市由秘魯總督轄區統治，後者資助了瓦爾迪維亞要塞系統的建設，使瓦爾迪維亞成為新世界最堅固的城市之一。19世紀中葉，瓦爾迪維亞在周邊地區定居了德國移民。

1960 年，瓦爾迪維亞受到智利大地震的嚴重破壞，這是有記錄以最強的地震。地震引起達2公尺的大海嘯，使城市周圍的大片牧場和耕地被永久淹沒。今天，瓦爾迪維亞有不少濕地生態環境被劃分為保護區。

气候

[编辑]

瓦尔迪维亚气候湿润，可归为海洋性气候。

Valdivia, Chile (Pichoy Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1966–present
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C（°F） 35.2
(95.4) 		38.5
(101.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		27.5
(81.5) 		21.2
(70.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		19.2
(66.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		25.9
(78.6) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.8
(85.6) 		33.2
(91.8) 		38.5
(101.3)
平均高温 °C（°F） 23.5
(74.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		14.7
(58.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		21.6
(70.9) 		17.1
(62.8)
日均气温 °C（°F） 16.2
(61.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		7.4
(45.3) 		8.2
(46.8) 		9.5
(49.1) 		11.2
(52.2) 		12.9
(55.2) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.7
(53.1)
平均低温 °C（°F） 8.8
(47.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		7.7
(45.9) 		6.3
(43.3) 		5.7
(42.3) 		5.0
(41.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		4.1
(39.4) 		4.3
(39.7) 		5.5
(41.9) 		6.9
(44.4) 		8.4
(47.1) 		6.3
(43.3)
历史最低温 °C（°F） −0.7
(30.7) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−7.2
(19.0)
平均降水量 mm（英寸） 49.8
(1.96) 		38.6
(1.52) 		69.6
(2.74) 		131.8
(5.19) 		256.0
(10.08) 		336.0
(13.23) 		261.7
(10.30) 		226.5
(8.92) 		130.0
(5.12) 		109.1
(4.30) 		84.0
(3.31) 		59.8
(2.35) 		1,752.9
(69.01)
平均降水天数（≥ 1.0 mm） 5.3 4.5 7.2 10.9 15.8 18.5 17.3 16.5 12.4 11.9 8.9 7.1 136.3
平均相對濕度（％） 63 64 72 80 87 89 87 83 76 72 68 65 76
月均日照時數 284 256 208 135 70 49 64 103 148 202 226 259 2,004
数据来源1：Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1970–2000)[5][6][7]
数据来源2：World Meteorological Organization (precipitation days 1981–2010),[8] Ogimet (sun 1981–2010)[9][10]


产业

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瓦尔迪维亚严重依赖林业，造纸业以及木材加工业。此外，啤酒酿造产业也同样出名。瓦尔迪维亚风景优美，素来是旅游胜地，旅游业是瓦尔迪维亚经济的主要收入来源之一，尤其在夏季非常受欢迎。

參考文獻

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 本条目包含来自公有领域出版物的文本: Chisholm, Hugh (编). Valdivia. Encyclopædia Britannica 27 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 844. 1911. 

  1. ^ Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades. [2011-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-19） （西班牙语）. 
  2. ^ Municipality of Valdivia. [2011-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2000-10-18） （西班牙语）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 National Statistics Institute. [2010-02-07]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-15） （西班牙语）. 
  4. ^ Ciudades, pueblos, aldeas y caceríos 2019 (PDF). National Statistics Institute. 2019 [2020-11-01]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-07-13） （西班牙语）. 
  5. ^ Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos. Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. [2018-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-17） （西班牙语）. 
  6. ^ Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Pichoy, Valdivia Ad. (390006). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. [2018-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-06） （西班牙语）. 
  7. ^ Estadistica Climatologica Tomo II (PDF). Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil. March 2001 [2012-12-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03） （西班牙语）. 
  8. ^ World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010. World Meteorological Organization. [2021-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-09）. 
  9. ^ CLIMAT summary for 85766: Valdivia (Chile) – Section 2: Monthly Normals. CLIMAT monthly weather summaries. Ogimet. [2020-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-31）. 
  10. ^ 85766: Valdivia (Chile). ogimet.com. OGIMET. 2022-01-18 [2022-02-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-08）. 

外部連結

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維基導遊上的相關旅行指南：Valdivia

https://www.munivaldivia.cl/web/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=瓦尔迪维亚&oldid=82827890”