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饥荒列表:修订间差异

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{{Link style|time=2015-12-11T03:12:19+00:00}}
{{noteTA
{{noteTA
|1=zh-hant:饑荒; zh-hans:饥荒;
|1=zh-hant:饑荒; zh-hans:饥荒;
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== 前2世紀 ==
== 前2世紀 ==
* 在公元前108年到1911年在中國的主要饑荒至少有1828件,或可說是幾乎每年就會發生在一個或者更多的省裡。然而各個饑荒的嚴重程度有很大的不同。 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1473-799X%28192705%296%3A3%3C185%3ACLOF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePag |title=China: Land of Famine |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721164522/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3014847 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731493-1,00.html |title="Heaven, Observe!" – TIME |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105224536/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731493-1,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 在公元前108年到1911年在中國的主要饑荒至少有1828件,或可說是幾乎每年就會發生在一個或者更多的省裡。然而各個饑荒的嚴重程度有很大的不同。 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1473-799X%28192705%296%3A3%3C185%3ACLOF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePag |title=China: Land of Famine |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721164522/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3014847 |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1473-799X%28192705%296%3A3%3C185%3ACLOF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePag |date=20200721164522 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731493-1,00.html |title="Heaven, Observe!" – TIME |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105224536/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731493-1,00.html |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731493-1,00.html |date=20121105224536 }}</ref>
== 1世紀 ==
*[[東漢末年]]由於羣雄割據導致戰亂不斷,再加上各種災難不斷席捲中國,最終在漢獻帝[[興平 (東漢)|興平]]元年(公元194年)爆發了大饑荒,其中導致了[[吃人]]事件。根據《[[三國志]]》記載:“人相食啖盡”,即人吃人的嚴重程度將一座城池內變成了空城。


== 5世紀 ==
== 5世紀 ==
* 由於[[罗马帝国的衰落|羅馬陷落]]與[[亞拉里克一世]]的掠奪導致在[[西歐]]發生饑荒。在公元400到800年間,羅馬城的人口減少了90%,這主要是因為饑荒與[[查士丁尼大瘟疫]]的關係。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/population/pophistorymodule/history-4.htm |title=A Brief History of Population |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2002-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021119021236/http://stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/population/pophistorymodule/history-4.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 由於[[罗马帝国的衰落|羅馬陷落]]與[[亞拉里克一世]]的掠奪導致在[[西歐]]發生饑荒。在公元400到800年間,羅馬城的人口減少了90%,這主要是因為饑荒與[[查士丁尼大瘟疫]]的關係。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/population/pophistorymodule/history-4.htm |title=A Brief History of Population |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2002-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021119021236/http://stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/population/pophistorymodule/history-4.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/population/pophistorymodule/history-4.htm |date=20021119021236 }}</ref>


== 7世紀 ==
== 7世紀 ==
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== 8世紀 ==
== 8世紀 ==
* 750年左右 [[西班牙]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.htm |title=Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2000-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000824110328/http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 750年左右 [[西班牙]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.htm |title=Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2000-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000824110328/http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.htm |date=20170403051916 }}</ref>


==9世紀==
==9世紀==
* 公元800–1000年,嚴重的[[乾旱]]導致數以百萬的[[馬雅文明|馬雅]]人餓死或渴死,並摧毀了他們的文明。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0826327745 |title=The Great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810074045/https://www.amazon.com/dp/0826327745 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 公元800–1000年,嚴重的[[乾旱]]導致數以百萬的[[馬雅文明|馬雅]]人餓死或渴死,並摧毀了他們的文明。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0826327745 |title=The Great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810074045/https://www.amazon.com/dp/0826327745 |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0826327745 |date=20200810074045 }}</ref>
* 公元809年 [[法蘭克帝國]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orlok.com/timenine.html |title=The Ninth Century |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230901/http://www.orlok.com/timenine.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 公元809年 [[法蘭克帝國]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orlok.com/timenine.html |title=The Ninth Century |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230901/http://www.orlok.com/timenine.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.orlok.com/timenine.html |date=20160303230901 }}</ref>
* 公元875–884年 由於饑荒導致了中國的農民起義、暴動([[黃巢之亂]])。
* 公元875–884年 由於饑荒導致了中國的農民起義、暴動([[黃巢之亂]])。


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== 11世紀 ==
== 11世紀 ==
* 1005 [[英格蘭]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1005 |title=1005: The People's Chronology |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527115358/http://www.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1005 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 在中世紀不列顛發生了95起饑荒。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Famines+through+history-a0114325996 |title=Famines through history. |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2018-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815120622/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Famines+through+history-a0114325996 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fdo0809.xml&sSheet=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fixop.html |title=Poor studies will always be with us |access-date=2022-03-09 |archive-date=2007-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813213540/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fdo0809.xml&sSheet=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fixop.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1005 [[英格蘭]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1005 |title=1005: The People's Chronology |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527115358/http://www.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1005 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1005 |date=20110527115358 }}</ref> 在中世紀不列顛發生了95起饑荒。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Famines+through+history-a0114325996 |title=Famines through history. |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2018-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815120622/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Famines+through+history-a0114325996 |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Famines+through+history-a0114325996 |date=20180815120622 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fdo0809.xml&sSheet=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fixop.html |title=Poor studies will always be with us |access-date=2022-03-09 |archive-date=2007-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813213540/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fdo0809.xml&sSheet=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fixop.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fdo0809.xml&sSheet=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F08%2F08%2Fixop.html |date=20070813213540 }}</ref>
* 1016 饑荒侵襲了整個[[歐洲]]<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Famine Famine – LoveToKnow 1911] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523152701/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Famine |date=2013-05-23 }}</ref>
* 1016 饑荒侵襲了整個[[歐洲]]<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Famine Famine – LoveToKnow 1911] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523152701/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Famine |date=2013-05-23 }}</ref>
* 1022、1033、1052年 [[印度]]發生重大饑荒,好幾個省份赤地千里,無人居住。
* 1022、1033、1052年 [[印度]]發生重大饑荒,好幾個省份赤地千里,無人居住。
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* 1231–1232 在[[日本]]發生饑荒
* 1231–1232 在[[日本]]發生饑荒
* 1235 英國發生饑荒,光是[[倫敦]]就死了兩萬人
* 1235 英國發生饑荒,光是[[倫敦]]就死了兩萬人
* 1255 [[葡萄牙]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portugal-info.net/history/first-dynasty.htm |title=Portugal > History and Events |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2005-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022114353/http://www.portugal-info.net/history/first-dynasty.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1255 [[葡萄牙]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portugal-info.net/history/first-dynasty.htm |title=Portugal > History and Events |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2005-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022114353/http://www.portugal-info.net/history/first-dynasty.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.portugal-info.net/history/first-dynasty.htm |date=20051022114353 }}</ref>
* 1258 [[德國]]與[[義大利]]發生饑荒
* 1258 [[德國]]與[[義大利]]發生饑荒
* 1275–1299 由於廣範圍的饑荒,導致了[[阿那萨吉人|阿納薩齊文化]]的毀滅<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.learner.org/interactives/collapse/chacocanyon.html |title=Collapse: Chaco Canyon |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817110634/http://learner.org/interactives/collapse/chacocanyon.html |archive-date=2014-08-17 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1275–1299 由於廣範圍的饑荒,導致了[[阿那萨吉人|阿納薩齊文化]]的毀滅<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.learner.org/interactives/collapse/chacocanyon.html |title=Collapse: Chaco Canyon |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817110634/http://learner.org/interactives/collapse/chacocanyon.html |archive-date=2014-08-17 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.learner.org/interactives/collapse/chacocanyon.html |date=20140817110634 }}</ref>
* 1294 英國發生饑荒
* 1294 英國發生饑荒


== 14世紀 ==
== 14世紀 ==
* 在1315-1317年時[[歐洲]]發生[[1315–1317年大饥荒|大饑荒]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |title=The Great Famine and the Black Death |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213101119/http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 在1315-1317年時[[歐洲]]發生[[1315–1317年大饥荒|大饑荒]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |title=The Great Famine and the Black Death |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213101119/http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html |date=20110429072010 }}</ref>
* 1333 葡萄牙發生饑荒
* 1333 葡萄牙發生饑荒
* 1333–1334 西班牙發生饑荒
* 1333–1334 西班牙發生饑荒
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* 1445 韓國發生饑荒
* 1445 韓國發生饑荒
* 1450–1454 [[阿茲特克]]帝國發生饑荒
* 1450–1454 [[阿茲特克]]帝國發生饑荒
* 1460–1461 日本發生饑荒([[:ja:長禄・寛正の飢饉|長禄・寛正の飢饉]])
* 1460–1461 日本發生饑荒({{link-ja|長禄・寛正の飢饉|長禄・寛正の飢饉}})
* 1481–1483 法國發生饑荒
* 1481–1483 法國發生饑荒


== 16世紀 ==
== 16世紀 ==
* 1504 西班牙發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://libro.uca.edu/vassberg/land7.htm |title=Land and Society in Golden Age Castile |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2002-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020418202806/http://libro.uca.edu/vassberg/land7.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1504 西班牙發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://libro.uca.edu/vassberg/land7.htm |title=Land and Society in Golden Age Castile |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2002-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020418202806/http://libro.uca.edu/vassberg/land7.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://libro.uca.edu/vassberg/land7.htm |date=20020418202806 }}</ref>
* 1518 [[威尼斯]]發生饑荒
* 1518 [[威尼斯]]發生饑荒
* 1528 法國的[[朗格多克]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |title=The Dimension of Famine |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2003-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031028192644/http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1528 法國的[[朗格多克]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |title=The Dimension of Famine |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2003-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031028192644/http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |date=20110517095451 }}</ref>
* 1535 [[衣索比亞]]發生[[埃塞俄比亚饥荒|饑荒]]
* 1535 [[衣索比亞]]發生[[埃塞俄比亚饥荒|饑荒]]
* 1540 西班牙發生饑荒
* 1540 西班牙發生饑荒
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== 17世紀 ==
== 17世紀 ==
* 1599–1600 西班牙發生饑荒
* 1599–1600 西班牙發生饑荒
* 1601–1603 俄羅斯史上最嚴重的饑荒之一發生。這場[[1601-03年俄羅斯大饑荒]]在[[莫斯科]]殺死了十萬人之多,並使得[[沙皇]][[鮑里斯·戈東諾夫]]三分之一的臣民死去<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/boris-godunov?cat=entertainment |title=Boris Feodorovich Godunov |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318091121/http://www.answers.com/topic/boris-godunov?cat=entertainment |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h20russ.htm |title=Russia before Peter the Great |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2004-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208163438/http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h20russ.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。這場饑荒也殺死了一半的[[愛沙尼亞]]人。
* 1601–1603 俄羅斯史上最嚴重的饑荒之一發生。這場[[1601-03年俄羅斯大饑荒]]在[[莫斯科]]殺死了十萬人之多,並使得[[沙皇]][[鮑里斯·戈東諾夫]]三分之一的臣民死去<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/boris-godunov?cat=entertainment |title=Boris Feodorovich Godunov |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318091121/http://www.answers.com/topic/boris-godunov?cat=entertainment |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/boris-godunov?cat=entertainment |date=20120318091121 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h20russ.htm |title=Russia before Peter the Great |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2004-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208163438/http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h20russ.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h20russ.htm |date=20191011143739 }}</ref>。這場饑荒也殺死了一半的[[愛沙尼亞]]人。
* 1611 [[安那托利亞]]發生饑荒
* 1611 [[安那托利亞]]發生饑荒
* 1618–1648 歐洲由於[[三十年戰爭]]而發生饑荒
* 1618–1648 歐洲由於[[三十年戰爭]]而發生饑荒
* 1619 日本(江戶時代)發生饑荒。在[[江戶時代]]總共有154次饑荒,其中21次範圍甚廣且嚴重。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shikokuhenrotrail.com/japanhistory/edohistory.html |title=A Chronology of Japanese History |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625110809/http://www.shikokuhenrotrail.com/japanhistory/edohistory.html |archive-date=2012-06-25 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1619 日本(江戶時代)發生饑荒。在[[江戶時代]]總共有154次饑荒,其中21次範圍甚廣且嚴重。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shikokuhenrotrail.com/japanhistory/edohistory.html |title=A Chronology of Japanese History |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625110809/http://www.shikokuhenrotrail.com/japanhistory/edohistory.html |archive-date=2012-06-25 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.shikokuhenrotrail.com/japanhistory/edohistory.html |date=20120625110809 }}</ref>
* 1623–1624 英國發生饑荒
* 1623–1624 英國發生饑荒
* 1628–1641 中國發生饑荒,自西北一路蔓延到陝西、山西、河南、山東,使得立國276年的[[明朝]],最終在1644年滅亡。
* 1628–1641 中國發生饑荒,自西北一路蔓延到陝西、山西、河南、山東,使得立國276年的[[明朝]],最終在1644年滅亡。
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* 1649 英國北部發生饑荒
* 1649 英國北部發生饑荒
* 1650–1652 法國東部發生饑荒
* 1650–1652 法國東部發生饑荒
* 1651–1653 在[[奧利弗·克倫威爾|克倫威爾]]征服愛爾蘭的時期,饑荒肆虐整個愛爾蘭。(en:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland#Guerrilla warfare, famine and plague)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml |title=BBC – Northern Ireland – A Short History |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302224034/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1651–1653 在[[奧利弗·克倫威爾|克倫威爾]]征服愛爾蘭的時期,饑荒肆虐整個愛爾蘭。(en:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland#Guerrilla warfare, famine and plague)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml |title=BBC – Northern Ireland – A Short History |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302224034/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml |date=20120302224034 }}</ref>
* 1661 印度由於兩年無雨而發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ayton.id.au/gary/History/H_C17.htm#Asia: |title=The 17th Century |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2005-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050511091147/http://www.ayton.id.au/gary/History/H_C17.htm#Asia: |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1661 印度由於兩年無雨而發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ayton.id.au/gary/History/H_C17.htm#Asia: |title=The 17th Century |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2005-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050511091147/http://www.ayton.id.au/gary/History/H_C17.htm#Asia: |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.ayton.id.au/gary/History/H_C17.htm#Asia: |date=20050511091147 }}</ref>
* 1661–1662 [[摩洛哥]]發生饑荒
* 1661–1662 [[摩洛哥]]發生饑荒
* 1661–1662 [[法國]]發生饑荒
* 1661–1662 [[法國]]發生饑荒
* 1669 [[孟加拉]]發生饑荒
* 1669 [[孟加拉]]發生饑荒
* 1670年代與1680年代 西班牙發生瘟疫與饑荒
* 1670年代與1680年代 西班牙發生瘟疫與饑荒
* 1680 [[薩丁尼亞島|薩丁尼亞]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/italian%20states.htm |title=Italian States in the Seventeenth Century |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2003-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921110237/http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/italian%20states.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1680 [[薩丁尼亞島|薩丁尼亞]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/italian%20states.htm |title=Italian States in the Seventeenth Century |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2003-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921110237/http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/italian%20states.htm |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/italian%20states.htm |date=20030921110237 }}</ref>
* 1680 日本發生饑荒
* 1680 日本發生饑荒
* 1680s [[薩赫勒]]發生饑荒
* 1680s [[薩赫勒]]發生饑荒
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* 1693–1694 [[法國]]發生有兩百萬人死亡的饑荒<ref name="Appleby1980">{{cite journal |last=Appleby |first=Andrew B. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1980 |month= |title=Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=643–663 |doi=10.2307/203063 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_spring-1980_10_4/page/n66|accessdate= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="Ograda2002">{{cite journal |last=Ó Gráda |first=Cormac |authorlink= |coauthors=Chevet, Jean-Michel |year=2002 |month= |title=Famine And Market In ''Ancient Régime'' France |journal=The Journal of Economic History |volume=62 |issue= |pages=706–733 |doi=10.1017/S0022050702001055 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-history_2002-09_62_3/page/706|accessdate= |quote= }}</ref>
* 1693–1694 [[法國]]發生有兩百萬人死亡的饑荒<ref name="Appleby1980">{{cite journal |last=Appleby |first=Andrew B. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1980 |month= |title=Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=643–663 |doi=10.2307/203063 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_spring-1980_10_4/page/n66|accessdate= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="Ograda2002">{{cite journal |last=Ó Gráda |first=Cormac |authorlink= |coauthors=Chevet, Jean-Michel |year=2002 |month= |title=Famine And Market In ''Ancient Régime'' France |journal=The Journal of Economic History |volume=62 |issue= |pages=706–733 |doi=10.1017/S0022050702001055 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-history_2002-09_62_3/page/706|accessdate= |quote= }}</ref>
* 1695–1697{{le|愛沙尼亞大饑荒 (1695-1697)|Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97)|愛沙尼亞大饑荒}}造成五分之一的[[愛沙尼亞]]人口 (70 000–75 000人)死亡。這場饑荒也襲擊了[[瑞典]](80 000–100 000人死亡)。
* 1695–1697{{le|愛沙尼亞大饑荒 (1695-1697)|Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97)|愛沙尼亞大饑荒}}造成五分之一的[[愛沙尼亞]]人口 (70 000–75 000人)死亡。這場饑荒也襲擊了[[瑞典]](80 000–100 000人死亡)。
* 1696–1697 [[芬蘭]]發生饑荒,幾乎三分之一的人口死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fitimeln.htm |title=Finland timeline |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714104139/http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fitimeln.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1696–1697 [[芬蘭]]發生饑荒,幾乎三分之一的人口死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fitimeln.htm |title=Finland timeline |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714104139/http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fitimeln.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fitimeln.htm |date=20070714104139 }}</ref>


== 18世紀 ==
== 18世紀 ==
* 1702–1704 印度[[德干高原]]發生饑荒,造成兩百萬人死亡
* 1702–1704 印度[[德干高原]]發生饑荒,造成兩百萬人死亡
* 1706–1707 法國發生饑荒
* 1706–1707 法國發生饑荒
* 1708–1711 [[東普魯士]]發生了饑荒,造成二十五萬人死亡,這相當於該地41%的人口<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |title=The Dimension of Famine. |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2003-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031028192644/http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1708–1711 [[東普魯士]]發生了饑荒,造成二十五萬人死亡,這相當於該地41%的人口<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |title=The Dimension of Famine. |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2003-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031028192644/http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |date=20110517095451 }}</ref>
* 1709–1710 法國發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html |title=The Little Ice Age in Europe |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822223556/http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html |archive-date=2008-08-22 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1709–1710 法國發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html |title=The Little Ice Age in Europe |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822223556/http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html |archive-date=2008-08-22 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html |date=20080822223556 }}</ref>
* 1722 阿拉伯發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42p5q207t777913/ |title=Climatic fluctuation and natural disasters in Arabia between mid-17th and early 20th Centuries |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324184735/http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42p5q207t777913/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1722 阿拉伯發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42p5q207t777913/ |title=Climatic fluctuation and natural disasters in Arabia between mid-17th and early 20th Centuries |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324184735/http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42p5q207t777913/ |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h42p5q207t777913/ |date=20200324184735 }}</ref>
* 1727–1728 [[英格蘭中部地區|英格蘭]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1953%28198021%2910%3A4%3C643%3AEAFITL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage |title=Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721164456/https://www.jstor.org/stable/203063 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1727–1728 [[英格蘭中部地區|英格蘭]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1953%28198021%2910%3A4%3C643%3AEAFITL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage |title=Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721164456/https://www.jstor.org/stable/203063 |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1953%28198021%2910%3A4%3C643%3AEAFITL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage |date=20200721164456 }}</ref>
* 1732 日本發生饑荒
* 1732 日本發生饑荒
* 1738–1739 法國發生饑荒
* 1738–1739 法國發生饑荒
* 1738–1756 [[西非]]發生饑荒,[[廷巴克圖]]<ref>馬利共和國的城市,曾是伊斯蘭文化中心</ref>一半的人口死於飢餓<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/desclim.html |title=Len Milich: Anthropogenic Desertification vs ‘Natural’ Climate Trends |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211081648/http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/desclim.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1738–1756 [[西非]]發生饑荒,[[廷巴克圖]]<ref>馬利共和國的城市,曾是伊斯蘭文化中心</ref>一半的人口死於飢餓<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/desclim.html |title=Len Milich: Anthropogenic Desertification vs ‘Natural’ Climate Trends |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211081648/http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/desclim.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/desclim.html |date=20120211081648 }}</ref>
* 1740–1741 {{le|愛爾蘭饑荒 (1740–1741)|Irish Famine (1740–41)}}
* 1740–1741 {{le|愛爾蘭饑荒 (1740–1741)|Irish Famine (1740–41)}}
* 1741 [[挪威]]發生饑荒
* 1741 [[挪威]]發生饑荒
* 1750 西班牙發生饑荒
* 1750 西班牙發生饑荒
* 1750–1756 [[塞內甘比亞]]<ref>[[:en:Senegambia Confederation]],是非洲西部由[[塞內加爾河]]與[[甘比亞河]]灌溉的地區</ref>發生饑荒<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=1P_4AzEdGgUC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=famine+of+1710&source=bl&ots=BuqsOt2BgQ&sig=P885KUS9buzf45QVPFxDJLDseLk&hl=en&ei=dcCqSb-UIMH7tgeApu37Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA131,M1]</ref>
* 1750–1756 [[塞內甘比亞]]<ref>[[塞內岡比亞]],是非洲西部由[[塞內加爾河]]與[[甘比亞河]]灌溉的地區</ref>發生饑荒<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=1P_4AzEdGgUC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=famine+of+1710&source=bl&ots=BuqsOt2BgQ&sig=P885KUS9buzf45QVPFxDJLDseLk&hl=en&ei=dcCqSb-UIMH7tgeApu37Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA131,M1]{{Dead link}}</ref>
* 1764 [[那不勒斯]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27717/Italy#318781.hook |title=Naples and Sicily -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232536/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27717/Italy#318781.hook |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1764 [[那不勒斯]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27717/Italy#318781.hook |title=Naples and Sicily -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232536/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27717/Italy#318781.hook |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27717/Italy#318781.hook |date=20071013232536 }}</ref>
* 1769–1773 [[1770年孟加拉饑荒]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/EUD_FAT/FAMINE_Lat_fames_hunger_.html |title=FAMINE () |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706065835/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/EUD_FAT/FAMINE_Lat_fames_hunger_.html |archive-date=2014-07-06 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>造成一千五百萬人死亡(人口的三分之一)
* 1769–1773 [[1770年孟加拉饑荒]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/EUD_FAT/FAMINE_Lat_fames_hunger_.html |title=FAMINE () |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706065835/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/EUD_FAT/FAMINE_Lat_fames_hunger_.html |archive-date=2014-07-06 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/EUD_FAT/FAMINE_Lat_fames_hunger_.html |date=20180623061532 }}</ref>造成一千五百萬人死亡(人口的三分之一)
* 1770–1771 捷克發生饑荒([[:en:Famines in Czech lands]]),數十萬人因而死亡
* 1770–1771 捷克發生{{tsl|en|Famines in the Czech lands|捷克的饥荒|饑荒}},數十萬人因而死亡
* 1771–1772 [[萨克森自由州|薩克森]]與德國南部發生饑荒
* 1771–1772 [[萨克森自由州|薩克森]]與德國南部發生饑荒
* 1773 [[瑞典]]發生饑荒
* 1773 [[瑞典]]發生饑荒
* 1779 [[摩洛哥]]的[[拉巴特]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/locust.htm |title=The locust plague |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2001-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010414205307/http://www.ub.es/geocrit/locust.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1779 [[摩洛哥]]的[[拉巴特]]發生饑荒<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/locust.htm |title=The locust plague |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2001-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010414205307/http://www.ub.es/geocrit/locust.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/locust.htm |date=20010414205307 }}</ref>
* 1780年代 [[蘇格蘭]]發生饑荒
* 1780年代 [[蘇格蘭]]發生饑荒
* 1780年代 日本發生「[[天明大饥荒]]」
* 1780年代 日本發生「[[天明大饥荒]]」
* 1783 [[冰島]]因為[[拉基火山]]爆發而發生饑荒,造成五分之一的冰島人口死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-257941/Haze-Famine |title=Haze Famine (Icelandic history) |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113062501/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-257941/Haze-Famine |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1783 [[冰島]]因為[[拉基火山]]爆發而發生饑荒,造成五分之一的冰島人口死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-257941/Haze-Famine |title=Haze Famine (Icelandic history) |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113062501/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-257941/Haze-Famine |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-257941/Haze-Famine |date=20071113062501 }}</ref>
* 1783–84 [[南亞]]發生{{tsl|en|Chalisa famine|四零年饑荒}}<ref>Chalisa是[[印度斯坦語]]「第四十」的意思,指事件發生在印度教曆法的1840年</ref>
* 1783–84 [[南亞]]發生{{tsl|en|Chalisa famine|四零年饑荒}}<ref>Chalisa是[[印度斯坦語]]「第四十」的意思,指事件發生在印度教曆法的1840年</ref>
* 1784 全埃及遭到大範圍的饑荒肆虐<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061121232204.htm |title=ScienceDaily: Icelandic Volcano Caused Historic Famine In Egypt, Study Shows |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506045206/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061121232204.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1784 全埃及遭到大範圍的饑荒肆虐<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061121232204.htm |title=ScienceDaily: Icelandic Volcano Caused Historic Famine In Egypt, Study Shows |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506045206/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061121232204.htm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061121232204.htm |date=20110506045206 }}</ref>
* 1784–1785 [[突尼西亞]]發生饑荒,造成五分之一的突尼西亞人死亡
* 1784–1785 [[突尼西亞]]發生饑荒,造成五分之一的突尼西亞人死亡
* 1788 法國發生饑荒。這在[[法國大革命的起因|法國大革命]]發生前兩年的歉收和嚴冬可能是因為強烈的[[聖嬰現象]]<ref name="Grove1998">{{cite journal |last=Grove |first=Richard H. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |month= |title=Global Impact of the 1789–93 El Niño |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=393 |issue=6683 |pages=318–319 |doi=10.1038/30636 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> 或是1783年[[冰島]][[拉基火山]]的爆發所造成的。<ref name="Wood1992">{{cite book |title=The Year Without a Summer? |chapter=The climatic effects of the 1783 Laki eruption |last=Wood |first=C. A. |authorlink= |editor=Harrington, C. R. (ed.) |year=1992 |publisher=Canadian Museum of Nature |location=Ottawa |isbn= |pages=58–77 }}</ref><ref name="Neumann1977">{{cite journal |last=Neumann |first=J. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1977 |month= |title=Great Historical Events that were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 2, The Year Leading to the Revolution of 1789 in France |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=163–168 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058&lt;0163:GHETWS&gt;2.0.CO;2 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref>
* 1788 法國發生饑荒。這在[[法國大革命的起因|法國大革命]]發生前兩年的歉收和嚴冬可能是因為強烈的[[聖嬰現象]]<ref name="Grove1998">{{cite journal |last=Grove |first=Richard H. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |month= |title=Global Impact of the 1789–93 El Niño |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=393 |issue=6683 |pages=318–319 |doi=10.1038/30636 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> 或是1783年[[冰島]][[拉基火山]]的爆發所造成的。<ref name="Wood1992">{{cite book |title=The Year Without a Summer? |chapter=The climatic effects of the 1783 Laki eruption |last=Wood |first=C. A. |authorlink= |editor=Harrington, C. R. (ed.) |year=1992 |publisher=Canadian Museum of Nature |location=Ottawa |isbn= |pages=58–77 }}</ref><ref name="Neumann1977">{{cite journal |last=Neumann |first=J. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1977 |month= |title=Great Historical Events that were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 2, The Year Leading to the Revolution of 1789 in France |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=163–168 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058&lt;0163:GHETWS&gt;2.0.CO;2 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref>
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== 19世紀 ==
== 19世紀 ==
* 1800–1801 [[愛爾蘭]]發生饑荒
* 1800–1801 [[愛爾蘭]]發生饑荒
* 四場饑荒– 在1810、1811、1846以及1849 – 在中國,據說有接近四千五百萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Polit/Famines.html |title=Fearfull Famines of the Past |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013064100/http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Polit/Famines.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 四場饑荒– 在1810、1811、1846以及1849 – 在中國,據說有接近四千五百萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Polit/Famines.html |title=Fearfull Famines of the Past |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013064100/http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Polit/Famines.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Polit/Famines.html |date=20110415072104 }}</ref>
* 1811–1812 饑荒摧殘了[[馬德里]],近兩萬人死亡
* 1811–1812 饑荒摧殘了[[馬德里]],近兩萬人死亡
* 1815 [[印度尼西亞]]的[[坦博拉火山]]爆發,導致數萬人死於接連而來的饑荒之中
* 1815 [[印度尼西亞]]的[[坦博拉火山]][[1815年坦博拉火山爆发|爆發]],導致數萬人死於接連而來的饑荒之中
* 1816–1817 [[欧洲]]和中国[[云南省|云南]][[嘉庆云南大饥荒|發生饑荒]] ([[無夏之年]])
* 1816–1817 [[欧洲]]和中国[[云南省|云南]][[嘉庆云南大饥荒|發生饑荒]] ([[無夏之年]])
* 1830 [[維德角]]發生饑荒而失去了幾乎一半的人口
* 1830 [[維德角]]發生饑荒而失去了幾乎一半的人口
* 1830年代 [[日本]][[天保大饑荒]] ([[:ja:天保飢饉|天保の大飢饉]])
* 1830年代 [[日本]][[天保大饑荒]] ([[天保大饑荒|天保の大飢饉]])
* 1835 [[埃及]]發生饑荒而死了二十萬人{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
* 1835 [[埃及]]發生饑荒而死了二十萬人{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
* 1844–1846 比利時發生饑荒
* 1844–1846 比利時發生饑荒
* 1845–1857 in [[蘇格蘭]]的{{tsl|en|Highland Potato Famine|高地馬鈴薯饑荒}}造成了兩百萬蘇格蘭人遷徙至外地
* 1845–1857 in [[蘇格蘭]]的{{tsl|en|Highland Potato Famine|高地馬鈴薯饑荒}}造成了兩百萬蘇格蘭人遷徙至外地
* 1845–1849 [[愛爾蘭大饑荒]]造成了超過一百萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/ireland/great-famine |title=The Great Famine in Ireland, 1845–1849 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626154517/http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/ireland/great-famine |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1845–1849 [[愛爾蘭大饑荒]]造成了超過一百萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/ireland/great-famine |title=The Great Famine in Ireland, 1845–1849 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2007-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626154517/http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/ireland/great-famine |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/ireland/great-famine |date=20070626154517 }}</ref>
* 1846 饑荒造成了[[葡萄牙]]北部發生了名為「Maria da Fonte」的農民起義暴動
* 1846 饑荒造成了[[葡萄牙]]北部發生了名為「Maria da Fonte」的農民起義暴動
* 1850–1873 [[太平天國]]之後,旱災與饑荒造成了[[清朝]]的人口減少了六千萬人<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM |title=Ch'ing China: The Taiping Rebellion |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414025909/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1850–1873 [[太平天國]]之後,旱災與饑荒造成了[[清朝]]的人口減少了六千萬人<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM |title=Ch'ing China: The Taiping Rebellion |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414025909/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM |date=20110414025909 }}</ref>
* 1866 印度發生[[奥里萨邦饥荒]],一百萬人死亡
* 1866 印度發生[[奥里萨邦饥荒]],一百萬人死亡
* [[1866–1868年芬蘭饑荒]](en:Finnish famine of 1866–1868),大約全人口的15%死亡
* [[1866–1868年芬蘭饑荒]](en:Finnish famine of 1866–1868),大約全人口的15%死亡
* 1869 印度發生{{tsl|en|Rajputana famine of 1869|1869年拉傑普塔納饑荒}},造成一百五十萬人死亡
* 1869 印度發生{{tsl|en|Rajputana famine of 1869|1869年拉傑普塔納饑荒}},造成一百五十萬人死亡
* 1870–1871 發生在[[波斯]]的饑荒據信造成了兩百萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0041-977X%281986%2949%3A1%3C183%3ATGPFO1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage |title=The Great Persian Famine of 1870-1871 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721164459/https://www.jstor.org/stable/617680 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1870–1871 發生在[[波斯]]的饑荒據信造成了兩百萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0041-977X%281986%2949%3A1%3C183%3ATGPFO1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage |title=The Great Persian Famine of 1870-1871 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2020-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721164459/https://www.jstor.org/stable/617680 |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0041-977X%281986%2949%3A1%3C183%3ATGPFO1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage |date=20200721164459 }}</ref>
* 1873–1874 [[安那托利亞]]發生饑荒
* 1873–1874 [[安那托利亞]]發生饑荒
* [[1879年愛爾蘭饑荒]](en:Irish Famine (1879)
* [[1879年愛爾蘭饑荒]](en:Irish Famine (1879)
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* 1878-1880 在[[阿拉斯加]]的[[聖羅倫斯島]]發生饑荒<ref>[http://aa.uwpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/1/1 The St. Lawrence Island Famine and Epidemic, 1878–80] {{Wayback|url=http://aa.uwpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/1/1 |date=20090213120723 }}, Arctic Anthropology</ref>
* 1878-1880 在[[阿拉斯加]]的[[聖羅倫斯島]]發生饑荒<ref>[http://aa.uwpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/1/1 The St. Lawrence Island Famine and Epidemic, 1878–80] {{Wayback|url=http://aa.uwpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/1/1 |date=20090213120723 }}, Arctic Anthropology</ref>
* 1888 蘇丹發生饑荒
* 1888 蘇丹發生饑荒
* 1888–1892 衣索比亞發生大饑荒(參見Famines in Ethiopia)。大約三分之一的人死亡。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966291-3,00.html |title=Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2009-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211211756/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966291-3,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html El Niño and Drought Early Warning in Ethiopia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911102037/http://www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html |date=2007-09-11 }}</ref> 其災情由於[[霍亂]]的爆發(1889-92)、[[斑疹傷寒]]與[[天花]]的流行而更為嚴重(1889–90)。
* 1888–1892 衣索比亞發生大饑荒(參見Famines in Ethiopia)。大約三分之一的人死亡。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966291-3,00.html |title=Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2009-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211211756/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966291-3,00.html |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966291-3,00.html |date=20090211211756 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html El Niño and Drought Early Warning in Ethiopia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911102037/http://www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html |date=2007-09-11 }}</ref> 其災情由於[[霍亂]]的爆發(1889-92)、[[斑疹傷寒]]與[[天花]]的流行而更為嚴重(1889–90)。
* 1891–1892 在俄羅斯發生的饑荒導致三十七萬五千到五十萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm |title=The History of International Humanitarian Assistance |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011143739/http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm |archive-date=2019-10-11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.hrono.info/libris/lib_s/spir02cp.html Spiridovich, Alexander. ''Revolutionary movement in Russian''. Ed. 2.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hrono.info/libris/lib_s/spir02cp.html |date=20150924052816 }} {{ru icon}}</ref>
* 1891–1892 在俄羅斯發生的饑荒導致三十七萬五千到五十萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm |title=The History of International Humanitarian Assistance |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011143739/http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm |archive-date=2019-10-11 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm |date=20191011143739 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.hrono.info/libris/lib_s/spir02cp.html Spiridovich, Alexander. ''Revolutionary movement in Russian''. Ed. 2.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hrono.info/libris/lib_s/spir02cp.html |date=20150924052816 }} {{ru icon}}</ref>
* 1896–1897 在中國北部發生的[[聖嬰-南方振盪現象|ENSO]]饑荒是造成[[義和團運動]](庚子拳亂)的原因之一
* 1896–1897 在中國北部發生的[[聖嬰-南方振盪現象|ENSO]]饑荒是造成[[義和團運動]](庚子拳亂)的原因之一
* 1896–1902 在印度發生[[聖嬰-南方振盪現象|ENSO]]饑荒<ref>[[:en:Late Victorian Holocausts]]</ref>
* 1896–1902 在印度發生[[聖嬰-南方振盪現象|ENSO]]饑荒


== 20世紀 ==
== 20世紀 ==
* 1906,1911 俄羅斯發生饑荒
* 19061911 [[俄羅斯]]發生饑荒
* 1914–1918 在[[第一次世界大戰]]期間的[[黎巴嫩山]]饑荒造成大約三分之一的人口死亡
* 1914–1918 在[[第一次世界大戰]]期間的[[黎巴嫩山]]饑荒造成大約三分之一的人口死亡
* 1914–1918 比利時發生饑荒
* 1914–1918 [[比利時]]發生饑荒
* 1915–1916 [[亞美尼亞種族大屠殺]]。被驅逐出境的亞美尼亞人們遭到餓死的命運。
* 1915–1916 [[亞美尼亞種族大屠殺]]。被驅逐出境的亞美尼亞人們遭到餓死的命運。
* 1916–1917 [[芜菁之冬]],在第一次世界大戰時由於英國對德國的封鎖造成饑荒
* 1916–1917 [[芜菁之冬]],在第一次世界大戰時由於英國對德國的封鎖造成饑荒
* 1916–1917 [[俄羅斯]]發生冬季的饑荒
* 1916–1917 [[俄羅斯]]發生冬季的饑荒
* 1917–1919 [[伊朗|波斯]]發生饑荒。相當於伊朗北部人口的四分之一的人死亡。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/qresource.html |title=Global Connections . Timeline |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2019-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223210911/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/qresource.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1917–1919 [[伊朗|波斯]]發生饑荒。相當於伊朗北部人口的四分之一的人死亡。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/qresource.html |title=Global Connections . Timeline |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2019-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223210911/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/qresource.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/qresource.html |date=20190223210911 }}</ref>
* 1917–1921 在布爾什維克革命時於[[突厥斯坦]]發生嚴重饑荒,造成六分之一的人口死亡<ref>[http://www.les-treilles.com/ssimages/c_2003_06_OGrada.html Famine perspectives from past and present] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212011357/http://www.les-treilles.com/ssimages/c_2003_06_OGrada.html |date=2009-02-12 }}</ref>
* 1917–1921 在布爾什維克革命時於[[突厥斯坦]]發生嚴重饑荒,造成六分之一的人口死亡<ref>[http://www.les-treilles.com/ssimages/c_2003_06_OGrada.html Famine perspectives from past and present] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212011357/http://www.les-treilles.com/ssimages/c_2003_06_OGrada.html |date=2009-02-12 }}</ref>
* 1920–1921 [[1920年华北大旱灾|中國华北發生饑荒]],至少一百萬人死亡
* [[1921–22年俄罗斯饥荒]]殺死了五百萬人<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/forcesofnature/natural-disasters.html |title=World's worst natural disasters since 1900 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2005-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050114005929/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/forcesofnature/natural-disasters.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[1921–22年俄罗斯饥荒]]殺死了五百萬人<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/forcesofnature/natural-disasters.html |title=World's worst natural disasters since 1900 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2005-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050114005929/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/forcesofnature/natural-disasters.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/forcesofnature/natural-disasters.html |date=20050114005929 }}</ref>
* [[1921-22年鞑靼斯坦饥荒]]
* [[1921-22年鞑靼斯坦饥荒]]
* 1921–1922 饑荒發生在於[[俄羅斯]]殖民的[[伏爾加德意志人]]身上。其三分之一的人口死亡。<ref>[http://www.volgagermans.net/volgagermans/Volga%20Famine%20Years.htm The German Colonies on the Volga River – Famine Years] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228235600/http://www.volgagermans.net/volgagermans/Volga%20Famine%20Years.htm |date=2009-02-28 }}</ref>
* 1921–1922 饑荒發生在於[[俄羅斯]]殖民的[[伏爾加德意志人]]身上。其三分之一的人口死亡。<ref>[http://www.volgagermans.net/volgagermans/Volga%20Famine%20Years.htm The German Colonies on the Volga River – Famine Years] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228235600/http://www.volgagermans.net/volgagermans/Volga%20Famine%20Years.htm |date=2009-02-28 }}</ref>
* 1928–1929 中國發生饑荒。旱災造成了三百萬人死亡
* 1928–1930 [[民国十八年年馑|中國陕西發生饑荒]],至少三百萬人死亡
* 1928–1929 在[[盧安達-烏隆地]]發生饑荒,導致大量人口遷移至[[剛果民主共和國|剛果]]
* 1928–1929 在[[盧安達-烏隆地]]發生饑荒,導致大量人口遷移至[[剛果民主共和國|剛果]]
* 1932–1933 [[1932-1933年蘇聯饑荒|饑荒]]<ref>[[:en:Soviet famine of 1932–1933]]</ref>發生在[[烏克蘭]](烏克蘭大饑荒)以及俄羅斯的一些地區<ref>[http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/grhc/outreach/conventions_speeches/dr_sinner.html The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708201239/http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/grhc/outreach/conventions_speeches/dr_sinner.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref>與[[北高加索]]地區。<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-415583/Famine-of-1932 Famine of 1932, or Ukrainian genocide (Soviet history)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608025056/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-415583/Famine-of-1932 |date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>可能有兩百六十萬到一千萬人死亡。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6179818.stm |title=Legacy of famine divides Ukraine |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328063049/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6179818.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1932–1933 [[烏克蘭大饑荒|饑荒]]<ref>[[1932年苏联大饥荒]]</ref>發生在[[烏克蘭]]烏克蘭大饑荒以及俄羅斯的一些地區<ref>[http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/grhc/outreach/conventions_speeches/dr_sinner.html The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708201239/http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/grhc/outreach/conventions_speeches/dr_sinner.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref>與[[北高加索]]地區。<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-415583/Famine-of-1932 Famine of 1932, or Ukrainian genocide (Soviet history)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608025056/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-415583/Famine-of-1932 |date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>可能有兩百六十萬到一千萬人死亡。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6179818.stm |title=Legacy of famine divides Ukraine |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328063049/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6179818.stm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6179818.stm |date=20120328063049 }}</ref>
* 1932–1933 在[[哈薩克]]發生的饑荒奪走了一百二十萬到一百五十萬條人命<ref>[http://zhe.stanford.edu/spring05/Kazakhstan2.pdf The Kazakh Catastrophe and Stalin’s Order of Priorities, 1929–1933: Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715040450/http://zhe.stanford.edu/spring05/Kazakhstan2.pdf |date=2010-07-15 }}</ref>
* 1932–1933 在[[哈薩克]]發生的饑荒奪走了一百二十萬到一百五十萬條人命<ref>[http://zhe.stanford.edu/spring05/Kazakhstan2.pdf The Kazakh Catastrophe and Stalin’s Order of Priorities, 1929–1933: Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715040450/http://zhe.stanford.edu/spring05/Kazakhstan2.pdf |date=2010-07-15 }}</ref>
* 1936 在中國發生的饑荒據統計奪走了五百萬條人命<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/hazards/timeline.html |title=Natural Disasters and Hazards – Historical Events Timeline |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002065001/http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/hazards/timeline.html |archive-date=2013-10-02 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1936–1937 在中國四川、甘肃發生的饑荒據統計奪走了五百萬條人命<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/hazards/timeline.html |title=Natural Disasters and Hazards – Historical Events Timeline |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002065001/http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/hazards/timeline.html |archive-date=2013-10-02 |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/hazards/timeline.html |date=20071025052228 }}</ref>
* 1940–1943 [[華沙猶太區]]發生饑荒
* 1940–1943 [[華沙猶太區]]發生饑荒
* 1941–44 由於德國軍隊長達900天的封鎖導致了[[列寧格勒圍城戰|列寧格勒]]饑荒。當時該城的補給路線被切斷,氣溫也降到零下40度C,結果大約有一百萬名列寧格勒居民在1941-42年的冬天餓死、凍死或被炸死。<ref>[http://it.stlawu.edu/~rkreuzer/pcavallerano/leningradweb.htm 900-Day Siege of Leningrad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301211845/http://it.stlawu.edu/~rkreuzer/pcavallerano/leningradweb.htm |date=2013-03-01 }}</ref>
* 1941–1944 由於德國軍隊長達900天的封鎖導致了[[列寧格勒圍城戰|列寧格勒]]饑荒。當時該城的補給路線被切斷,氣溫也降到零下40℃,結果大約有一百萬名列寧格勒居民在1941-42年的冬天餓死、凍死或被炸死。<ref>[http://it.stlawu.edu/~rkreuzer/pcavallerano/leningradweb.htm 900-Day Siege of Leningrad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301211845/http://it.stlawu.edu/~rkreuzer/pcavallerano/leningradweb.htm |date=2013-03-01 }}</ref>
* 1941–1944 由於軸心國的占領<ref>[[:en:Axis Occupation of Greece]]</ref>,[[希臘]]發生了饑荒。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521829328&ss=exc |title=Famine and Death in Occupied Greece, 1941-1944 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120723023604/http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521829328&ss=exc |archive-date=2012-07-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>''Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: daily life in occupied Europe'', by Robert Gildea, Anette Warring, Olivier Wieviorka, Berg Publishers 2007</ref>
* 1941–1944 由於軸心國的占領<ref>[[軸心國佔領希臘時期]]</ref>,[[希臘]]發生了饑荒。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521829328&ss=exc |title=Famine and Death in Occupied Greece, 1941-1944 |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723023604/http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521829328&ss=exc |archive-date=2012-07-23 |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120723023604/http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521829328&ss=exc |date=2012-07-23 }}</ref><ref>''Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: daily life in occupied Europe'', by Robert Gildea, Anette Warring, Olivier Wieviorka, Berg Publishers 2007</ref>
* 1942–1943 [[中國]][[1942年河南饥荒|河南饑荒]]造成三百萬人死亡
* 1941–1943 第二次日戰爭時,在民政府人為決堤以及後續持續自然災害與日本侵略的影響下[[1942年河南饥荒|中國河南發生饑荒]],至少三百萬人死亡
* [[1943年孟加拉饑荒]]
* [[1943年孟加拉饑荒]]
* 1943 由於往剛果的遷徙,造成在[[盧安達-烏隆地]]發生了饑荒
* 1943 由於往剛果的遷徙,造成在[[盧安達-烏隆地]]發生了饑荒
* {{tsl|en|Dutch famine of 1944|1944年尼德蘭饑荒}}發生在[[第二次世界大戰]]期間,有超過兩萬人死亡
* {{tsl|en|Dutch famine of 1944|1944年尼德蘭饑荒}}發生在[[第二次世界大戰]]期間,有超過兩萬人死亡
* [[1945年越南饑荒]]
* [[1945年越南饑荒]]
* [[1946年印度大饑荒]]
* 1946 [[印度]]發生饑荒
* [[1947年蘇聯饑荒]]造成一百萬到一百五十萬人死亡<ref>[http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/5/603 The 1947 Soviet famine and the entitlement approach to famines] {{Wayback|url=http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/5/603 |date=20090212062718 }}, Cambridge Journal of Economics</ref><ref>Nicholas Ganson, ''The Soviet Famine of 1946-47 in Global and Historical Perspective{{cite web|title=存档副本|url=http://us.macmillan.com/thesovietfamineof194647inglobalandhistoricalperspective|accessdate=2009-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906062920/http://us.macmillan.com/thesovietfamineof194647inglobalandhistoricalperspective|archivedate=2009-09-06|deadurl=yes}}''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. (ISBN 0-230-61333-0)</ref>
* [[1947年蘇聯饑荒]]造成一百萬到一百五十萬人死亡<ref>[http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/5/603 The 1947 Soviet famine and the entitlement approach to famines] {{Wayback|url=http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/5/603 |date=20090212062718 }}, Cambridge Journal of Economics</ref><ref>Nicholas Ganson, ''The Soviet Famine of 1946-47 in Global and Historical Perspective{{cite web|title=存档副本|url=http://us.macmillan.com/thesovietfamineof194647inglobalandhistoricalperspective|accessdate=2009-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906062920/http://us.macmillan.com/thesovietfamineof194647inglobalandhistoricalperspective|archivedate=2009-09-06|deadurl=yes}} {{Wayback|url=http://us.macmillan.com/thesovietfamineof194647inglobalandhistoricalperspective|date=20090906062920}}''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. (ISBN 0-230-61333-0)</ref>
* 1948 中國大陸在[[第二次國共內戰]]的[[長春圍困戰]]中,[[中国人民解放军]]禁止难民出城,導致[[长春市|長春]]城內發生饑荒,導致10萬名以上平民死亡。
* 1948 中國大陸在[[第二次國共內戰]]的[[長春圍困戰]]中,國民党軍隊收繳城內糧食並驅趕難民出城,而[[中国人民解放军]]禁止难民出城,導致[[长春市|長春]]城內發生饑荒,導致10萬名以上平民死亡。
* 1958 衣索比亞的提格里州發生饑荒(參見en:Famines in Ethiopia),宣稱有十萬人死亡。
* 1958 {{tsl|en|Famines in Ethiopia|衣索比亞的提格里州發生饑荒}},宣稱有十萬人死亡。
* 1959–1961 [[中华人民共和国]]因[[大跃进]]、[[人民公社运动|人民公社]]以及制度性问题等 ,导致[[三年困难时期|三年大饥荒]]。被认为有1500万-5500万人死亡,被广泛视为人类历史上规模最大的饥荒,也被认为是人类历史上最严重的人为灾难之一。
* 1959–1961 [[中华人民共和国]]因[[大跃进]]、[[人民公社运动|人民公社]]以及制度性问题等 ,导致[[三年困难时期|三年大饥荒]]。{{Citation needed|被认为有1500万-5500万人死亡,被广泛视为人类历史上规模最大的饥荒,也被认为是人类历史上最严重的人为灾难之一。|time=2024-02-28T12:50:18+00:00}}
* 1965–1967 在[[印度]]的[[旱災]]造成了一百五十萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2008/05/08/f-natural-disasters-history.html |title=The world's worst natural disasters |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119154212/http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2008/05/08/f-natural-disasters-history.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 1965–1967 在[[印度]]的[[旱災]]造成了一百五十萬人死亡<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2008/05/08/f-natural-disasters-history.html |title=The world's worst natural disasters |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2011-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119154212/http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2008/05/08/f-natural-disasters-history.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2008/05/08/f-natural-disasters-history.html |date=20110119154212 }}</ref>
* 1967–1970 由於尼日的封鎖導致了[[比亞法拉饑荒]]
* 1967–1970 由於尼日的封鎖導致了[[比亞法拉饑荒]]
* 1968–1972 {{tsl|en|Sahel drought|薩赫勒乾旱}}造成的饑荒令一百萬人死亡<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908581,00.html Famine Casts Its Grim Global Shadow] {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908581,00.html |date=20130813203314 }}, TIME</ref>
* 1968–1972 {{tsl|en|Sahel drought|薩赫勒乾旱}}造成的饑荒令一百萬人死亡<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908581,00.html Famine Casts Its Grim Global Shadow] {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908581,00.html |date=20130813203314 }}, TIME</ref>
* 1973 衣索比亞發生饑荒(參見en:Famines in Ethiopia)。政府處置危機的失敗造成了[[海爾·塞拉西一世]]的退位與[[德格 (衣索比亞)|德格]]<ref>[[:en:Derg|Derg]],在[[吉茲語]]裡是「委員會」或「評議會」的意思。是一個共產主義軍人團體</ref>軍政府的統治。
* 1973 {{tsl|en|Famines in Ethiopia|衣索比亞發生饑荒}}。政府處置危機的失敗造成了[[海爾·塞拉西一世]]的退位與[[德格|德格]]<ref>[[德尔格|Derg]],在[[吉茲語]]裡是「委員會」或「評議會」的意思。是一個共產主義軍人團體</ref>軍政府的統治。
* 1974 [[1974年孟加拉國饑荒]]
* 1974 [[1974年孟加拉國饑荒]]
* 1975–1979 [[紅色高棉]]。據統計有兩百萬[[柬埔寨]]人死於[[謀殺]]、[[非自願勞動]]與饑荒。
* 1975–1979 [[紅色高棉]]。據統計有兩百萬[[柬埔寨]]人死於[[謀殺]]、[[非自願勞動]]與饑荒。
* 1975 [[颱風妮娜 (1975年)|台风尼娜]]为[[河南省|河南]]等地带来暴雨,最终引致[[河南“75·8”水库溃坝]],因包含[[洪水|水灾]][[內澇|内涝]]所导致的[[瘟疫]]和饥荒死亡人数24万人。
* 1975 [[颱風妮娜 (1975年)|台风尼娜]]为[[河南省|河南]]等地带来暴雨,最终引致[[河南“75·8”水库溃坝]],因包含[[洪水|水灾]][[內澇|内涝]]所导致的[[瘟疫]]和饥荒死亡人数24万人。
* 1980 [[烏干達]]的[[卡拉莫賈]]地區發生饑荒
* 1980 [[烏干達]]的卡拉莫賈地區發生饑荒
* [[1984-1985年衣索比亞饑荒]](en:1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia)
* {{tsl|en|1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia|1984-1985年衣索比亞饑荒}}
* 1991–1993 [[索馬利亞]]發生饑荒
* 1991–1993 [[索馬利亞]]發生饑荒
* 1996 [[北韓饑荒]] [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/august97/korea_8-26.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/august97/korea_8-26.html |date=20140106014350 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071411/http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr990802.html]。學者統計有六十萬人死於飢餓(其他統計數字範圍從二十萬到三百五十萬都有)。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n24/cumi01_.html |title=Bruce Cumings: We look at it and see ourselves |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2006-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060129093416/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n24/cumi01_.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 1994–1999 [[苦難的行軍|北韓饑荒]] [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/august97/korea_8-26.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/august97/korea_8-26.html |date=20140106014350 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071411/http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr990802.html]。學者統計有六十萬人死於飢餓(其他統計數字範圍從二十萬到三百五十萬都有)。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n24/cumi01_.html |title=Bruce Cumings: We look at it and see ourselves |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2006-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060129093416/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n24/cumi01_.html |dead-url=yes }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n24/cumi01_.html |date=20090629064408 }}</ref>
* {{tsl|en|1998 Sudan famine|1998年蘇丹飢荒}}因[[第二次蘇丹內戰|戰爭]]與[[旱災]]而發生。
* {{tsl|en|1998 Sudan famine|1998年蘇丹飢荒}}因[[第二次蘇丹內戰|戰爭]]與[[旱災]]而發生。
* 1998 在[[巴西]]東北部發生ENSO饑荒
* 1998 在[[巴西]]東北部發生ENSO饑荒
* 1998–2000 在[[衣索比亞]]發生饑荒。災情由於[[厄利垂亞-衣索比亞戰爭]]而更加惡化。
* 1998–2000 在[[衣索比亞]]發生饑荒。災情由於[[厄利垂亞-衣索比亞戰爭]]而更加惡化。
* 1998–2004 [[第二次剛果戰爭]]。三百八十萬人死亡,大多是因為飢餓與疾病
* 1998–2004 [[第二次剛果戰爭]]。三百八十萬人死亡,大多是因為飢餓與疾病
* 2000–2009 由於[[羅伯特·穆加貝]]的土地改革(參見en:Land reform in Zimbabwe#Economic Consequencesm )政策導致了[[辛巴威]]的糧食危機。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2678557.stm |title=Famine plagues Zimbabwe |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2021-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507135143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2678557.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 2000–2009 由於[[羅伯特·穆加貝]]的土地改革政策導致了{{tsl|en|Land reform in Zimbabwe#Economic Consequencesm|辛巴威的糧食危機}}。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2678557.stm |title=Famine plagues Zimbabwe |access-date=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2021-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507135143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2678557.stm |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2678557.stm |date=20210507135143 }}</ref>


== 21世紀 ==
== 21世紀 ==
* 2003– [[蘇丹共和國|蘇丹]]的[[達爾]]<ref>位在蘇丹共和國西部</ref>發生饑荒

* 2003– [[蘇丹共和國|蘇丹]]的達爾爾<ref>位在蘇丹共和國西部</ref>發生饑荒
* 2005- [[馬拉威糧食危機]]
* 2005- [[馬拉威糧食危機]]
* 2005–06 {{tsl|en|2005–06 Niger food crisis|尼日尔糧食危機}}
* 2005–2006 {{tsl|en|2005–06 Niger food crisis|尼日尔糧食危機}}
* 2006 {{tsl|en|2006 Horn of Africa food crisis|非洲之角糧食危機}}
* 2006 {{tsl|en|2006 Horn of Africa food crisis|非洲之角糧食危機}}
* 2008– [[緬甸]]糧食危機:[[特强气旋风暴纳尔吉斯|氣旋風暴納吉斯]]摧毀了[[緬甸]]主要的[[稻米]]產地<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/15/asia/food.php Food crisis looms in Myanmar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/15/asia/food.php |date=20081012083601 }}, International Herald Tribune</ref>
* 2008– [[緬甸]]糧食危機:[[特强气旋风暴纳尔吉斯|氣旋風暴納吉斯]]摧毀了[[緬甸]]主要的[[稻米]]產地<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/15/asia/food.php Food crisis looms in Myanmar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/15/asia/food.php |date=20081012083601 }}, International Herald Tribune</ref>
* 2008– [[北韓饑荒]]<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/04/17/korea.food/ North Korea at risk of famine, says U.N.] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/04/17/korea.food/ |date=20160304050838 }}, CNN.com</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1737780,00.html The Next Great North Korean Famine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1737780,00.html |date=20090324042556 }}, TIME</ref>
* 2008– [[北韓饑荒]]<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/04/17/korea.food/ North Korea at risk of famine, says U.N.] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/04/17/korea.food/ |date=20160304050838 }}, CNN.com</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1737780,00.html The Next Great North Korean Famine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1737780,00.html |date=20090324042556 }}, TIME</ref>
* 2008– [[非洲之角]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/2083074/Ethiopia-facing-new-famine-with-4.5-million-children-in-danger-of-starvation.html Ethiopia facing new famine with 4.5 million children in danger of starvation ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/2083074/Ethiopia-facing-new-famine-with-4.5-million-children-in-danger-of-starvation.html |date=20191012154110 }}, Telegraph</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/17/world/africa/17somalia.html |title=Famine Looms as Wars Rend Horn of Africa |date=May 17, 2008 |newspaper=New York Times |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227034746/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/17/world/africa/17somalia.html |dead-url=no }}.</ref>
* 2008– [[非洲之角]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/2083074/Ethiopia-facing-new-famine-with-4.5-million-children-in-danger-of-starvation.html Ethiopia facing new famine with 4.5 million children in danger of starvation ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/2083074/Ethiopia-facing-new-famine-with-4.5-million-children-in-danger-of-starvation.html |date=20191012154110 }}, Telegraph</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/17/world/africa/17somalia.html |title=Famine Looms as Wars Rend Horn of Africa |date=May 17, 2008 |newspaper=New York Times |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227034746/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/17/world/africa/17somalia.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/17/world/africa/17somalia.html |date=20210227034746 }}.</ref>
* 2008– [[阿富汗]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24422672/ Food crisis leaves Afghans desperate] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24422672/ |date=20121023214951 }}, msnbc.com</ref>
* 2008– [[阿富汗]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24422672/ Food crisis leaves Afghans desperate] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24422672/ |date=20121023214951 }}, msnbc.com</ref>
* 2008– [[孟加拉國|孟加拉]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20080412/food-crisis-looms-in-bangladesh.htm Food Crisis Looms in Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707031716/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20080412/food-crisis-looms-in-bangladesh.htm |date=2009-07-07 }}, International Business Times</ref>
* 2008– [[孟加拉國|孟加拉]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20080412/food-crisis-looms-in-bangladesh.htm Food Crisis Looms in Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707031716/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20080412/food-crisis-looms-in-bangladesh.htm |date=2009-07-07 }}, International Business Times</ref>
第236行: 第237行:
* 2008– [[塔吉克斯坦|塔吉克]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav100708.shtml Tajikistan: Almost One-Third of the Population Is in Danger of Going Hungry This Winter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav100708.shtml |date=20090422210454 }}, EurasiaNet</ref>
* 2008– [[塔吉克斯坦|塔吉克]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav100708.shtml Tajikistan: Almost One-Third of the Population Is in Danger of Going Hungry This Winter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav100708.shtml |date=20090422210454 }}, EurasiaNet</ref>
* 2009– [[肯亞]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.theirc.org/news/national-food-emergency-grips-kenya0120.html National Food Emergency Grips Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theirc.org/news/national-food-emergency-grips-kenya0120.html |date=20100825093512 }}. 20 Jan 2009.</ref>,一千萬肯亞人面臨餓死的危機。<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/world/africa/01kenya.html?_r=1 Starvation and Strife Menace Torn Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/world/africa/01kenya.html?_r=1 |date=20180805123012 }}. The New York Times. February 28, 2009.</ref>
* 2009– [[肯亞]]糧食危機<ref>[http://www.theirc.org/news/national-food-emergency-grips-kenya0120.html National Food Emergency Grips Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theirc.org/news/national-food-emergency-grips-kenya0120.html |date=20100825093512 }}. 20 Jan 2009.</ref>,一千萬肯亞人面臨餓死的危機。<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/world/africa/01kenya.html?_r=1 Starvation and Strife Menace Torn Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/world/africa/01kenya.html?_r=1 |date=20180805123012 }}. The New York Times. February 28, 2009.</ref>
*2011 - [[2011年非洲之角饑荒|非洲之角饑荒]]<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/jul/19/famine-south-somalia UN expected to declare famine in south Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/jul/19/famine-south-somalia |date=20120501234540 }}. 20 July 20-11.</ref>
*2011– [[2011年非洲之角饑荒|非洲之角饑荒]]<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/jul/19/famine-south-somalia UN expected to declare famine in south Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/jul/19/famine-south-somalia |date=20120501234540 }}. 20 July 20-11.</ref>


== 參見 ==
== 參見 ==
第248行: 第249行:
* [[災害]]
* [[災害]]
* {{tsl|en|List of natural disasters by death toll#Famine|天災列表}}
* {{tsl|en|List of natural disasters by death toll#Famine|天災列表}}
* [[小冰期]]
* [[535-536年的極端天氣]]([[Climate changes of 535–536]])
* {{tsl|en|Climate changes of 535–536|535-536年的極端天氣}}
* [[大崩壞]]
* [[大崩壞]]
* [[維多利亞時代之後的浩劫 (書籍)]]([[:en:Late Victorian Holocausts]])<ref> book on the great [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famines of 1876–80, 1896–1900</ref>
* {{tsl|en|Late Victorian Holocausts|維多利亞時代之後的浩劫 (書籍)|維多利亞時代之後的浩劫}}<ref> book on the great El Niño-Southern Oscillation famines of 1876-80,1896-1900</ref>
* [[人口衰減]]
* [[人口衰減]]
* [[中國饑荒清單]]
* [[中國饑荒列表]]
* [[哈伯特顶点]]
* [[哈伯特顶点]]
* [[2007-08年全球糧食價格危機]]
* [[2007-08年全球糧食價格危機]]
第260行: 第262行:


== 延伸阅读==
== 延伸阅读==
* {{cite book |last1=Alfani |first1=Guido |last2=Ó Gráda |first2=Cormac |year=2017 |title=Famine in European History | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-1-316-84123-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SivNAQAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Alfani |first1=Guido |last2=Ó Gráda |first2=Cormac |year=2017 |title=Famine in European History |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-316-84123-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SivNAQAACAAJ |access-date=2022-04-10 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715000857/https://books.google.com/books?id=SivNAQAACAAJ }} {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SivNAQAACAAJ |date=20230331014742 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Alfani |first1=Guido |last2=Mocarelli |first2=Luca |last3=Strangio |first3=Donatella |title=Italian Famines: An overview (ca. 1250-1810) |journal=Dondena Centre, Bocconi University |date=January 2016}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Alfani |first1=Guido |last2=Mocarelli |first2=Luca |last3=Strangio |first3=Donatella |title=Italian Famines: An overview (ca. 1250-1810) |journal=Dondena Centre, Bocconi University |date=January 2016}}
* {{cite journal | last = Dyson | first = Tim | year = 1991 | title = On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I | journal=Population Studies | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–25 | jstor = 2174991 | doi=10.1080/0032472031000145056 | pmid = 11622922 }}
* {{cite journal | last = Dyson | first = Tim | year = 1991 | title = On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I | journal=Population Studies | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–25 | jstor = 2174991 | doi=10.1080/0032472031000145056 | pmid = 11622922 }}
* {{cite book |last=Ó Gráda |first=Cormac |year=2009 |title=Famine: a short history |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-12237-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoN2XkjJio4C}}
* {{cite book |last=Ó Gráda |first=Cormac |year=2009 |title=Famine: a short history |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-12237-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoN2XkjJio4C |access-date=2022-04-10 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715211641/https://books.google.com/books?id=LoN2XkjJio4C }} {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoN2XkjJio4C |date=20230331014745 }}


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部連結 ==

2024年5月29日 (三) 11:08的最新版本

1878年畫,《中國饑荒》 (The Famine in China)。饑荒受難者被强迫把兒女給賣掉。
中国大陆人口数量变化图。可以看到在大跃进三年大饥荒”期间出生率的大幅降低和死亡率的显著提高。

饑荒列表是一份關於世界各地已知的主要饑荒的列表,各場饑荒依照期發生日期排列。

前5世紀

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前2世紀

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  • 在公元前108年到1911年在中國的主要饑荒至少有1828件,或可說是幾乎每年就會發生在一個或者更多的省裡。然而各個饑荒的嚴重程度有很大的不同。 [1][2]

1世紀

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  • 東漢末年由於羣雄割據導致戰亂不斷,再加上各種災難不斷席捲中國,最終在漢獻帝興平元年(公元194年)爆發了大饑荒,其中導致了吃人事件。根據《三國志》記載:“人相食啖盡”,即人吃人的嚴重程度將一座城池內變成了空城。

5世紀

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7世紀

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8世紀

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9世紀

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  • 公元800–1000年,嚴重的乾旱導致數以百萬的馬雅人餓死或渴死,並摧毀了他們的文明。[5]
  • 公元809年 法蘭克帝國發生饑荒[6]
  • 公元875–884年 由於饑荒導致了中國的農民起義、暴動(黃巢之亂)。

10世紀

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  • 927 拜占庭帝國發生饑荒
  • 963–964 愛爾蘭發生饑荒
  • 968 埃及發生饑荒,五十萬人死亡

11世紀

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  • 1005 英格蘭發生饑荒[7] 在中世紀不列顛發生了95起饑荒。[8][9]
  • 1016 饑荒侵襲了整個歐洲[10]
  • 1022、1033、1052年 印度發生重大饑荒,好幾個省份赤地千里,無人居住。
  • 1025 埃及發生饑荒
  • 1030–1032 法國發生饑荒
  • 1064–1072 埃及發生長達七年的饑荒
  • 1051 饑荒侵襲了托尔特克文明,迫使人們離開受災區域(今墨西哥中部[11]
  • 1066 英國發生饑荒
  • 1097 巴勒斯坦發生饑荒,五十萬多人死亡
  • 1097 法國爆發饑荒與瘟疫,十萬多人死亡

12世紀

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  • 1199–1202 在埃及發生饑荒

13世紀

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14世紀

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  • 在1315-1317年時歐洲發生大饑荒[14]
  • 1333 葡萄牙發生饑荒
  • 1333–1334 西班牙發生饑荒
  • 1333–1337 中國發生饑荒[15]
  • 1344–1345 印度發生重大饑荒
  • 1387 在帖木兒離開安那托利亞(小亞細亞)後,接踵而來地發生了嚴重饑荒
  • 1390 英國發生饑荒
  • 1396–1407 印度發生「難近母(Durga Devi)」饑荒,持續了12年[16]

15世紀

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16世紀

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17世紀

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  • 1599–1600 西班牙發生饑荒
  • 1601–1603 俄羅斯史上最嚴重的饑荒之一發生。這場1601-03年俄羅斯大饑荒莫斯科殺死了十萬人之多,並使得沙皇鮑里斯·戈東諾夫三分之一的臣民死去[20][21]。這場饑荒也殺死了一半的愛沙尼亞人。
  • 1611 安那托利亞發生饑荒
  • 1618–1648 歐洲由於三十年戰爭而發生饑荒
  • 1619 日本(江戶時代)發生饑荒。在江戶時代總共有154次饑荒,其中21次範圍甚廣且嚴重。[22]
  • 1623–1624 英國發生饑荒
  • 1628–1641 中國發生饑荒,自西北一路蔓延到陝西、山西、河南、山東,使得立國276年的明朝,最終在1644年滅亡。
  • 1630–1631 印度發生饑荒(en:Deccan Famine of 1630-32),兩百萬人死去。
  • 1636 西班牙發生饑荒
  • 1648–1660 在大洪水时代的波蘭據統計因為戰爭、饑荒與鼠疫而失去了三分之一的人口
  • 1649 英國北部發生饑荒
  • 1650–1652 法國東部發生饑荒
  • 1651–1653 在克倫威爾征服愛爾蘭的時期,饑荒肆虐整個愛爾蘭。(en:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland#Guerrilla warfare, famine and plague)[23]
  • 1661 印度由於兩年無雨而發生饑荒[24]
  • 1661–1662 摩洛哥發生饑荒
  • 1661–1662 法國發生饑荒
  • 1669 孟加拉發生饑荒
  • 1670年代與1680年代 西班牙發生瘟疫與饑荒
  • 1680 薩丁尼亞發生饑荒[25]
  • 1680 日本發生饑荒
  • 1680s 薩赫勒發生饑荒
  • 1690s 饑荒肆虐整個蘇格蘭,殺害了15%的人口
  • 1693–1694 法國發生有兩百萬人死亡的饑荒[26][27]
  • 1695–1697愛沙尼亞大饑荒英语Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97)造成五分之一的愛沙尼亞人口 (70 000–75 000人)死亡。這場饑荒也襲擊了瑞典(80 000–100 000人死亡)。
  • 1696–1697 芬蘭發生饑荒,幾乎三分之一的人口死亡[28]

18世紀

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19世紀

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20世紀

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21世紀

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參見

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注釋

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  1. ^ China: Land of Famine. [2010-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ "Heaven, Observe!" – TIME. [2010-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-05). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ A Brief History of Population. [2010-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2002-11-19). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. [2010-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2000-08-24). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ The Great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death. [2010-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-10). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ The Ninth Century. [2010-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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  35. ^ 塞內岡比亞,是非洲西部由塞內加爾河甘比亞河灌溉的地區
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  41. ^ Chalisa是印度斯坦語「第四十」的意思,指事件發生在印度教曆法的1840年
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延伸阅读

[编辑]

外部連結

[编辑]