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木霉属:修订间差异

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'''木霉属'''([[学名]]:''Trichoderma''),是[[肉座菌科]]下的一个属,是一属生長快速且普遍存在環境中的腐生性絲狀[[真菌]],如土壤、空氣、植物殘骸枯枝落葉、各種醱酵物上,或是植物根圈、葉片、種子及球莖表面。
'''木霉属'''({{lang-xm|Trichoderma}})是[[肉座菌科]]下的一个属,是一属生長快速且普遍存在環境中的腐生性絲狀[[真菌]],如土壤、空氣、植物殘骸枯枝落葉、各種醱酵物上,或是植物根圈、葉片、種子及球莖表面。


木黴菌最大的特色就是超寄生,入侵其他真菌的菌絲中,與作物的病原真菌結抗,是目前最普遍應用的生物性殺菌劑真菌菌種。<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=木黴菌在作物病害防治的開發與應用|author=陳俊位|url=https://www.tdais.gov.tw/redirect_files.php?link=ljUFAbYz2RWGPlusS0WGSlashoBq1AT70YoSrFQQigWGEqualWGEqual5mOy0TSQtB5bR9NWAPZSPxSBnwTMBWzllwOEJG0CyKrgwqMLExZu3GB&file_name=T7NxYMcxc1FQYAjX55bAZVloDqUb6VBuUvKIXxpFt2jmWGPlustuFZWGPlusA2W7MiBHxWI6WGPluss|journal=農業生物資材產業發展研討會專刊|issue=|doi=|others=鄧雅靜、蔡宜峯|year=2014|volume=|page=|pmid=|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-date=2018-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194037/https://www.tdais.gov.tw/redirect_files.php?link=ljUFAbYz2RWGPlusS0WGSlashoBq1AT70YoSrFQQigWGEqualWGEqual5mOy0TSQtB5bR9NWAPZSPxSBnwTMBWzllwOEJG0CyKrgwqMLExZu3GB&file_name=T7NxYMcxc1FQYAjX55bAZVloDqUb6VBuUvKIXxpFt2jmWGPlustuFZWGPlusA2W7MiBHxWI6WGPluss|dead-url=no}}</ref>
木黴又称木霉最大的特色就是超寄生,入侵其他真菌的菌絲中,與作物的病原真菌結抗,是目前最普遍應用的生物性殺菌劑真菌菌種。<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=木黴菌在作物病害防治的開發與應用|author=陳俊位|url=https://www.tdais.gov.tw/redirect_files.php?link=ljUFAbYz2RWGPlusS0WGSlashoBq1AT70YoSrFQQigWGEqualWGEqual5mOy0TSQtB5bR9NWAPZSPxSBnwTMBWzllwOEJG0CyKrgwqMLExZu3GB&file_name=T7NxYMcxc1FQYAjX55bAZVloDqUb6VBuUvKIXxpFt2jmWGPlustuFZWGPlusA2W7MiBHxWI6WGPluss|journal=農業生物資材產業發展研討會專刊|issue=|doi=|others=鄧雅靜、蔡宜峯|year=2014|volume=|page=|pmid=|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-date=2018-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194037/https://www.tdais.gov.tw/redirect_files.php?link=ljUFAbYz2RWGPlusS0WGSlashoBq1AT70YoSrFQQigWGEqualWGEqual5mOy0TSQtB5bR9NWAPZSPxSBnwTMBWzllwOEJG0CyKrgwqMLExZu3GB&file_name=T7NxYMcxc1FQYAjX55bAZVloDqUb6VBuUvKIXxpFt2jmWGPlustuFZWGPlusA2W7MiBHxWI6WGPluss|dead-url=no}}</ref>


== 形態特徵 ==
== 形態特徵 ==
菌絲:無色,分支錯綜複雜,菌落棉絮狀。無性態的木黴,在產孢前是白色,產孢後變成綠色。
菌絲:無色,分支錯綜複雜,菌落棉絮狀。無性態的木黴,在產孢前是白色,產孢後變成綠色。


分生孢子梗:其形態為直立或微彎、有次級分支。
分生孢子梗:其形態為直立或微彎、有次級分支。
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== 分類 ==
== 分類 ==
木黴的有性世代及無性世代有不同的分類:
木黴的有性世代及無性世代有不同的分類:


無性世代--不完全菌門、絲孢綱、叢梗孢目、木黴屬。
無性世代--不完全菌門、絲孢綱、叢梗孢目、木黴屬。


有性世代--子囊菌門、核菌綱、肉座菌目、肉座菌屬。<ref name=":0" />
有性世代--子囊菌門、核菌綱、肉座菌目、肉座菌屬。<ref name=":0" />


木霉属有以下菌种:<ref>{{cite web |title=Trichoderma Persoon ex Gray, 1801 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/7703803 |website=GBIF |access-date=2022-06-07 |archive-date=2022-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607052720/https://www.gbif.org/species/7703803 }}</ref>
木霉属有以下菌种:<ref>{{cite web |title=Trichoderma Persoon ex Gray, 1801 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/7703803 |website=GBIF |access-date=2022-06-07 |archive-date=2022-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607052720/https://www.gbif.org/species/7703803 }}</ref>
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
||Trichoderma adaptatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|无厚垣孢木霉 |Trichoderma achlamydosporum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|枝顶孢状木霉 |Trichoderma acremonioides |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|适应木霉 |Trichoderma adaptatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma aeroaquaticum |K. Yamag., Tsurumi, Chuaseehar. & Nakagiri
||Trichoderma aeroaquaticum |K. Yamag., Tsurumi, Chuaseehar. & Nakagiri
||Trichoderma aerugineum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma aerugineum |Jaklitsch
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||Trichoderma aethiopicum |Mulaw, C.P. Kubicek & Samuels
||Trichoderma aethiopicum |Mulaw, C.P. Kubicek & Samuels
||Trichoderma afarasin |P. Chaverri & F.B. Rocha
||Trichoderma afarasin |P. Chaverri & F.B. Rocha
||Trichoderma afroharzianum |P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Degenkolb & Druzhin.
|非洲哈茨木霉 |Trichoderma afroharzianum |P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Degenkolb & Druzhin.
||Trichoderma aggregatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|聚集木霉 |Trichoderma aggregatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|侵占木霉 |Trichoderma aggressivum |Samuels & W. Gams
|侵占木霉 |Trichoderma aggressivum |Samuels & W. Gams
||Trichoderma albocorneum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma albocorneum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma albofulvopsis |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|拟淡黄木霉 |Trichoderma albofulvopsis |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma albofulvum |(Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma albofulvum |(Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma albolutescens |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma albolutescens |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma alboviride |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|白绿木霉 |Trichoderma alboviride |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|白色木霉 |Trichoderma album |Preuss
|白色木霉 |Trichoderma album |Preuss
||Trichoderma alcalifuscescens |(Overton) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma alcalifuscescens |(Overton) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma alni |Jaklitsch
|桤木木霉 |Trichoderma alni |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma alpinum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|山地木霉 |Trichoderma alpinum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma alutaceum |Jaklitsch
|棒木霉 |Trichoderma alutaceum |Jaklitsch
|亚马逊木霉 |Trichoderma amazonicum |P. Chaverri & Gazis
|亚马逊木霉 |Trichoderma amazonicum |P. Chaverri & Gazis
||Trichoderma americanum |(Canham) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma americanum |(Canham) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|美丽木霉 |Trichoderma amoenum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|近哈茨木霉 |Trichoderma anaharzianum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma andinense |(Samuels & Petrini) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma andinense |(Samuels & Petrini) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma angustum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma angustum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|不等钩状木霉 |Trichoderma anisohamatum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma appalachiense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma appalachiense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma applanatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma applanatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|水生木霉 |Trichoderma aquaticum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma arachnoideum |Kuritzina & Sizova
||Trichoderma arachnoideum |Kuritzina & Sizova
||Trichoderma arundinaceum |Zafari, Gräfenhan & Samuels
||Trichoderma arundinaceum |Zafari, Gräfenhan & Samuels
|亚洲木霉 |Trichoderma asiaticum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma asperelloides |Samuels
||Trichoderma asperelloides |Samuels
|棘孢木霉 |Trichoderma asperellum |Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg
|棘孢木霉 |Trichoderma asperellum |Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg
||Trichoderma asterineum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma asterineum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|不对称木霉 |Trichoderma asymmetricum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma atlanticum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma atlanticum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma atrobrunneum |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma atrobrunneum |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Jaklitsch
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|深绿木霉 |Trichoderma atroviride |P. Karst.
|深绿木霉 |Trichoderma atroviride |P. Karst.
||Trichoderma attinorum |Q.V. Montoya, L.A. Meirelles, P. Chaverri & A. Rodrigues
||Trichoderma attinorum |Q.V. Montoya, L.A. Meirelles, P. Chaverri & A. Rodrigues
||Trichoderma aurantioeffusum |Jaklitsch
|窄梗木霉 |Trichoderma angustum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|阿帕拉契木霉 |Trichoderma appalachiense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
|扁平木霉 |Trichoderma applanatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|类棘孢木霉 |Trichoderma asperelloides |Samuels
|星孔木霉 |Trichoderma asterineum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|深褐木霉 |Trichoderma atrobrunneum |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & W. Jaklitsch
|深绿木霉 |Trichoderma atroviride |P. Karst.
|平展橙红木霉 |Trichoderma aurantioeffusum |Jaklitsch
|黄绿木霉 |Trichoderma aureoviride |Rifai
|黄绿木霉 |Trichoderma aureoviride |Rifai
|奥地利木霉 |Trichoderma austriacum |Jaklitsch<ref name=zhu>朱兆香,庄文颖.木霉属12个中国新记录种和3个新组合[J].菌物学报, 2014, 33(6):35.DOI:10.13346/j.mycosystema.140137.</ref>
||Trichoderma austriacum |Jaklitsch
|澳洲康宁木霉 |Trichoderma austrokoningii |Samuels & Druzhin.
|澳洲康宁木霉 |Trichoderma austrokoningii |Samuels & Druzhin.
||Trichoderma avellaneum |(Rogerson & S.T. Carey) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma avellaneum |(Rogerson & S.T. Carey) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma balearicum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma balearicum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma bannaense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|版纳木霉 |Trichoderma bannaense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma barbatum |Samuels
|须木霉 |Trichoderma barbatum |Samuels
||Trichoderma bavaricum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma bavaricum |Jaklitsch
|北京木霉 |Trichoderma beijingense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|北京木霉 |Trichoderma beijingense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma beinartii |du Plessis, Druzhin., Atan., Yarden & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma beinartii |du Plessis, Druzhin., Atan., Yarden & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma bifurcatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|二叉木霉 |Trichoderma bifurcatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma bissettii |Sand.-Den. & Guarro
||Trichoderma bissettii |Sand.-Den. & Guarro
||Trichoderma bomiense |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|波密木霉 |Trichoderma bomiense |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma breve |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|短梗木霉 |Trichoderma breve |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|短密木霉 |Trichoderma brevicompactum |G.F. Kraus, C.P. Kubicek & W. Gams,短致木霉<ref>Günther F. Kraus, Irina Druzhinina, Walter Gams, John Bissett, Doustmorad Zafari, George Szakacs, Alexei Koptchinski, Hansjörg Prillinger, Rasoul Zare & Christian P. Kubicek (2004) Trichoderma brevicompactum sp. nov., Mycologia, 96:5, 1059-1073, DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832905</ref>
|短密木霉 |Trichoderma brevicompactum |G.F. Kraus, C.P. Kubicek & W. Gams
||Trichoderma brevicrassum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|短粗木霉 |Trichoderma brevicrassum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma brevipes |(Mont.) Samuels
||Trichoderma brevipes |(Mont.) Samuels
||Trichoderma britannicum |(Rifai & J. Webster) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma britannicum |(Rifai & J. Webster) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma britdaniae |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|英丹木霉 |Trichoderma britdaniae |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma brunneoviride |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma brunneoviride |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma byssinum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|棉絮状木霉 |Trichoderma byssinum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma caeruleimontis |du Plessis & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma caeruleimontis |du Plessis & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma caerulescens |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|蓝木霉 |Trichoderma caerulescens |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma caesareum |Samuels
||Trichoderma caesareum |Samuels
||Trichoderma calamagrostidis |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma calamagrostidis |Jaklitsch
|山茶木霉 |Trichoderma camelliae |Jayaward. et al.
||Trichoderma camerunense |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma camerunense |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|雪白木霉 |Trichoderma candidum |
|雪白木霉 |Trichoderma candidum |
||Trichoderma capillare |Samuels & C.P. Kubicek
|毛细木霉 |Trichoderma capillare |Samuels & C.P. Kubicek
|加勒比木霉 |Trichoderma caribbaeum |Samuels & Schroers
|加勒比木霉 |Trichoderma caribbaeum |Samuels & Schroers
* 加勒比木霉厄瓜多尔变种 ''Trichoderma caribbaeum'' var. ''aequatoriale''
* 加勒比木霉厄瓜多尔变种 ''Trichoderma caribbaeum'' var. ''aequatoriale''
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|低头木霉 |Trichoderma catoptron |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|低头木霉 |Trichoderma catoptron |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma ceciliae |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma ceciliae |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma centrosinicum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|华中木霉 |Trichoderma centrosinicum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma ceraceum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma ceraceum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|陶瓷木霉 |Trichoderma ceramicum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|陶瓷木霉 |Trichoderma ceramicum |P. Chaverri & Samuels,脆弱木霉
||Trichoderma cerebriforme |(Berk.) Samuels
||Trichoderma cerebriforme |(Berk.) Samuels
|蜡素木霉 |Trichoderma cerinum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|蜡素木霉 |Trichoderma cerinum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|长白木霉 |Trichoderma changbaiense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|长白木霉 |Trichoderma changbaiense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang,长白山木霉
||Trichoderma chetii |du Plessis, Druzhin., Atan., Yarden & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma chetii |du Plessis, Druzhin., Atan., Yarden & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma chlamydosporum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|厚垣孢木霉 |Trichoderma chlamydosporum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|绿孢木霉 |Trichoderma chlorosporum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|绿孢木霉 |Trichoderma chlorosporum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma christianii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma christianii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|色精木霉 |Trichoderma chromospermum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|色精木霉 |Trichoderma chromospermum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma cinnamomeum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|肉桂色木霉 |Trichoderma cinnamomeum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma citrinella |(Ellis) W.Y. Zhuang & Z.Q. Zeng
|淡黄木霉 |Trichoderma citrinella |(Ellis) W.Y. Zhuang & Z.Q. Zeng,也拼作''Trichoderma citrinellum''
|肉桂色木霉 |Trichoderma citrinoviride |Bissett
|肉桂色木霉 |Trichoderma citrinoviride |Bissett,橘绿木霉
||Trichoderma citrinum |(Pers.) Jaklitsch, W. Gams & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma citrinum |(Pers.) Jaklitsch, W. Gams & Voglmayr
|致密木霉 |Trichoderma compactum |Z.F. Yu & K.Q. Zhang
|致密木霉 |Trichoderma compactum |Z.F. Yu & K.Q. Zhang
||Trichoderma composticola |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma composticola |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma concentricum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|同心纹木霉 |Trichoderma concentricum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma confertum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|聚梗木霉 |Trichoderma confertum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma confluens |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|连生木霉 |Trichoderma confluens |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma cordobense |Speg.
||Trichoderma cordobense |Speg.
||Trichoderma corfecianum |Sacc.
||Trichoderma corfecianum |Sacc.
|角质木霉 |Trichoderma corneum |(Pat.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|角质木霉 |Trichoderma corneum |(Pat.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|火焰茸 |Trichoderma cornu-damae |(Pat.) Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang,鹿角状木霉
|火焰茸 |Trichoderma cornu-damae |(Pat.) Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang,鹿角状木霉
||Trichoderma corrugatum |(Yoshim. Doi, P.G. Liu & M. Tamura) P.G. Liu, Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|粗皱木霉 |Trichoderma corrugatum |(Yoshim. Doi, P.G. Liu & M. Tamura) P.G. Liu, Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma costaricense |(P. Chaverri & Samuels) P. Chaverri, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma costaricense |(P. Chaverri & Samuels) P. Chaverri, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|厚木霉 |Trichoderma crassum |Bissett
|厚木霉 |Trichoderma crassum |Bissett
||Trichoderma cremeoides |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma cremeoides |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|奶油木霉 |Trichoderma cremeum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|奶油木霉 |Trichoderma cremeum |P. Chaverri & Samuels,奶色木霉
||Trichoderma croceum |Bissett
||Trichoderma croceum |Bissett
||Trichoderma crystalligenum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma crystalligenum |Jaklitsch
|结晶木霉 |Trichoderma crystallinum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma cuneisporum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma cuneisporum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma dacrymycellum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma dacrymycellum |Jaklitsch
第143行: 第160行:
||Trichoderma delicatulum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma delicatulum |Jaklitsch
|潮解木霉 |Trichoderma deliquescens |(Sopp) Jaklitsch
|潮解木霉 |Trichoderma deliquescens |(Sopp) Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma densum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|密梗木霉 |Trichoderma densum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma desrochii |Sartory & Bainier
||Trichoderma desrochii |Sartory & Bainier
||Trichoderma dimorphum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|二型木霉 |Trichoderma dimorphum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|丁莉亚木霉 |Trichoderma dingleyae |Samuels & Dodd
|丁莉亚木霉 |Trichoderma dingleyae |Samuels & Dodd
|多罗西木霉 |Trichoderma dorotheae |Samuels & Dodd
|多罗西木霉 |Trichoderma dorotheae |Samuels & Dodd
|平展木霉 |Trichoderma effusum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|平展木霉 |Trichoderma effusum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
||Trichoderma eijii |Chang S. Kim & N. Maek.
|英治木霉 |Trichoderma eijii |Chang S. Kim & N. Maek.<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma endophyticum |F.B. Rocha, Samuels & P. Chaverri
|内生木霉 |Trichoderma endophyticum |F.B. Rocha, Samuels & P. Chaverri
||Trichoderma epimyces |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma epimyces |Jaklitsch
|猬木霉 |Trichoderma erinaceum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|猬木霉 |Trichoderma erinaceum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
第162行: 第179行:
|可育木霉 |Trichoderma fertile |Bissett
|可育木霉 |Trichoderma fertile |Bissett
||Trichoderma flagellatum |Mulaw, C.P. Kubicek & Samuels
||Trichoderma flagellatum |Mulaw, C.P. Kubicek & Samuels
||Trichoderma flavescens |Z.X. Zhu, W.Y. Zhuang & Yu Li
|产黄木霉 |Trichoderma flavescens |Z.X. Zhu, W.Y. Zhuang & Yu Li
||Trichoderma flaviconidium |(P. Chaverri, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma flaviconidium |(P. Chaverri, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma flavipes |(Peck) Seifert, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma flavipes |(Peck) Seifert, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma floccosum |Samuels
|絮状木霉 |Trichoderma floccosum |Samuels
||Trichoderma foliicola |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|叶生木霉 |Trichoderma foliicola |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma fomiticola |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma fomiticola |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma fomitopsis |(P.G. Liu & Yoshim. Doi) P.G. Liu, Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|拟层孔木霉 |Trichoderma fomitopsis |(P.G. Liu & Yoshim. Doi) P.G. Liu, Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma fragile |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma fragile |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|果生木霉 |Trichoderma fructicola |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|福建木霉 |Trichoderma fujianense |Z.X. Zhu, W.Y. Zhuang & Y. Li
|福建木霉 |Trichoderma fujianense |Z.X. Zhu, W.Y. Zhuang & Y. Li
||Trichoderma gamsii |Samuels & Druzhin.
|盖姆斯木霉 |Trichoderma gamsii |Samuels & Druzhin.
||Trichoderma ganodermatigerum |X.Y.An & Yu Li, 2022<ref>An, X.-Y.; Cheng, G.-H.; Gao, H.-X.; Li, X.-F.; Yang, Y.; Li, D.; Li, Y. Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichoderma Species Associated with Green Mold Disease on Mushrooms and Two New Pathogens on Ganoderma sichuanense. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070704</ref>
||Trichoderma ganodermatis |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|胶状木霉 |Trichoderma gelatinosum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|灵芝木霉 |Trichoderma ganodermatis |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|胶状木霉 |Trichoderma gelatinosum |P. Chaverri & Samuels,胶质木霉
|加纳木霉 |Trichoderma ghanense |Yoshim. Doi, Y. Abe & Sugiy.
|加纳木霉 |Trichoderma ghanense |Yoshim. Doi, Y. Abe & Sugiy.
||Trichoderma gillesii |Samuels
||Trichoderma gillesii |Samuels
|粉绿木霉 |Trichoderma glaucum |E.V. Abbott
|粉绿木霉 |Trichoderma glaucum |E.V. Abbott
||Trichoderma gliocladium |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma gliocladium |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma globoides |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|球形孢木霉 |Trichoderma globoides |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma gracile |Samuels & Szakács
||Trichoderma gracile |Samuels & Szakács
||Trichoderma grande |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|大孢木霉 |Trichoderma grande |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma granulosum |Fuckel
||Trichoderma granulosum |Fuckel
||Trichoderma gregarium |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|密集木霉 |Trichoderma gregarium |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|贵州木霉 |Trichoderma guizhouense |Q.R. Li, McKenzie & Yong Wang bis
|贵州木霉 |Trichoderma guizhouense |Q.R. Li, McKenzie & Yong Wang bis
|海南木霉 |Trichoderma hainanense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|海南木霉 |Trichoderma hainanense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
第192行: 第211行:
|旋状木霉 |Trichoderma helicum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|旋状木霉 |Trichoderma helicum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|河南木霉 |Trichoderma henanense |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|河南木霉 |Trichoderma henanense |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hengshanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|衡山木霉 |Trichoderma hengshanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hexasporum |(Boedijn) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hexasporum |(Boedijn) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hirsutum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|毛状木霉 |Trichoderma hirsutum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hispanicum |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hispanicum |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hongkongensis |(Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang) Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang
|香港木霉 |Trichoderma hongkongensis |(Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang) Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang
|湖北木霉 |Trichoderma hubeiense |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|湖北木霉 |Trichoderma hubeiense |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|湖南木霉 |Trichoderma hunanense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|湖南木霉 |Trichoderma hunanense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hunua |(Dingley) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hunua |(Dingley) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hypoxylon |Jing Z. Sun, Xing Z. Liu & K.D. Hyde
||Trichoderma hypoxylon |Jing Z. Sun, Xing Z. Liu & K.D. Hyde
||Trichoderma ingratum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|不等瓶梗木霉 |Trichoderma inaequilaterale |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|不显木霉 |Trichoderma inconspicuum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|异味木霉 |Trichoderma ingratum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|无钩木霉 |Trichoderma inhamatum |Veerkamp & W. Gams
|无钩木霉 |Trichoderma inhamatum |Veerkamp & W. Gams
|显著木霉 |Trichoderma insigne |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|交织木霉 |Trichoderma intricatum |Samuels & Dodd
|交织木霉 |Trichoderma intricatum |Samuels & Dodd
||Trichoderma istrianum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma istrianum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma italicum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|意大利木霉 |Trichoderma italicum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma ivoriense |Samuels
||Trichoderma ivoriense |Samuels
||Trichoderma izawae |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma izawae |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
第217行: 第239行:
||Trichoderma lacteum |Bissett
||Trichoderma lacteum |Bissett
||Trichoderma lacuwombatense |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma lacuwombatense |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma laevisporum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|光孢木霉 |Trichoderma laevisporum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma lanuginosum |Samuels
||Trichoderma lanuginosum |Samuels
||Trichoderma latizonatum |(Peck) Samuels
||Trichoderma latizonatum |(Peck) Samuels
||Trichoderma leguminosarum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma leguminosarum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma leucopus |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma leucopus |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma liberatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|稀梗木霉 |Trichoderma liberatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma lieckfeldtiae |Samuels
||Trichoderma lieckfeldtiae |Samuels
||Trichoderma limonium |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|柠檬黄木霉 |Trichoderma limonium |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|林芝木霉 |Trichoderma linzhiense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|林芝木霉 |Trichoderma linzhiense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma lixii |(Pat.) P. Chaverri
|黑甲木霉 |Trichoderma lixii |(Pat.) P. Chaverri
|长枝木霉 |Trichoderma longibrachiatum |Rifai
|长枝木霉 |Trichoderma longibrachiatum |Rifai
||Trichoderma longifialidicum |Q.V. Montoya, L.A. Meirelles, P. Chaverri & A. Rodrigues
|长梗木霉 |Trichoderma longifialidicum |Q.V. Montoya, L.A. Meirelles, P. Chaverri & A. Rodrigues
|长毛木霉 |Trichoderma longipile |
|长毛木霉 |Trichoderma longipile |Bissett
||Trichoderma longipilis |Bissett
|长毛木霉 |Trichoderma longipilis |Bissett
||Trichoderma longisporum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|长孢木霉 |Trichoderma longisporum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma luteocrystallinum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma luteocrystallinum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma luteoeffusum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma luteoeffusum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma lycogaloides |(Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch, Lechat & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma lycogaloides |(Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch, Lechat & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma mangshanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|莽山木霉 |Trichoderma mangshanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma margaretense |Jaklitsch
|马地木霉 |Trichoderma margaretense |Jaklitsch<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma martiale |Samuels
||Trichoderma martiale |Samuels
||Trichoderma matsushimae |(Abdullah & J. Webster) K. Yamag., Tsurumi, Chuaseehar. & Nakagiri
||Trichoderma matsushimae |(Abdullah & J. Webster) K. Yamag., Tsurumi, Chuaseehar. & Nakagiri
||Trichoderma mediterraneum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|地中海木霉 |Trichoderma mediterraneum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|墨脱木霉 |Trichoderma medogense |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma medusae |Samuels
||Trichoderma medusae |Samuels
||Trichoderma megalocitrinum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma megalocitrinum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
第249行: 第272行:
||Trichoderma minutum |Bainier
||Trichoderma minutum |Bainier
||Trichoderma moravicum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma moravicum |Jaklitsch
|水仙木霉 |Trichoderma narcissi |
|水仙木霉 |Trichoderma narcissi |(Tochinai & Shimada) Tochinai & Shimada, 1931,为''Trichoderma harzianum'' Rifai的异名
||Trichoderma neocrassum |Samuels
|新厚木霉 |Trichoderma neocrassum |Samuels
||Trichoderma neokoningii |Samuels & Soberanis
||Trichoderma neokoningii |Samuels & Soberanis
||Trichoderma neorufoides |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma neorufoides |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma neorufum |(Samuels, Dodd & Lieckf.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma neorufum |(Samuels, Dodd & Lieckf.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma neosinense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
|新中国木霉 |Trichoderma neosinense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma neotropicale |P. Chaverri & F.B. Rocha
||Trichoderma neotropicale |P. Chaverri & F.B. Rocha
||Trichoderma nigrovirens |Goddard
||Trichoderma nigrovirens |Goddard
第262行: 第285行:
||Trichoderma nybergianum |(T. Ulvinen & H.L. Chamb.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma nybergianum |(T. Ulvinen & H.L. Chamb.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|矩孢木霉 |Trichoderma oblongisporum |Bissett
|矩孢木霉 |Trichoderma oblongisporum |Bissett
|倒卵木霉 |Trichoderma obovatum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma ochroleucum |(Berk. & Ravenel) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma ochroleucum |(Berk. & Ravenel) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma odoratum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|菇香木霉 |Trichoderma odoratum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma oligosporum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|寡孢木霉 |Trichoderma oligosporum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma olivascens |Jaklitsch, Samuels & Voglmayr
|橄榄色木霉 |Trichoderma olivascens |Jaklitsch, Samuels & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma orientale |(Samuels & Petrini) Jaklitsch & Samuels
|东方木霉 |Trichoderma orientale |(Samuels & Petrini) Jaklitsch & Samuels
|卵孢木霉 |Trichoderma ovalisporum |Samuels & Schroers
|卵孢木霉 |Trichoderma ovalisporum |Samuels & Schroers
||Trichoderma pachypallidum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma pachypallidum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma parapiluliferum |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|淡色木霉 |Trichoderma palidulum |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|近洋大戟草木霉 |Trichoderma parapiluliferum |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|近里氏木霉 |Trichoderma parareesei |Atan., Jaklitsch, Komoń-Zel., C.P. Kubicek & Druzhin.
|近里氏木霉 |Trichoderma parareesei |Atan., Jaklitsch, Komoń-Zel., C.P. Kubicek & Druzhin.
||Trichoderma pararogersonii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma pararogersonii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma paratroviride |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|近深绿木霉 |Trichoderma paratroviride |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma paraviridescens |Jaklitsch, Samuels & Voglmayr
|近绿木霉 |Trichoderma paraviride |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|近渐绿木霉 |Trichoderma paraviridescens |Jaklitsch, Samuels & Voglmayr
|侧钩木霉 |Trichoderma parceramosum |Bissett
|侧钩木霉 |Trichoderma parceramosum |Bissett
||Trichoderma parepimyces |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma parepimyces |Jaklitsch
第282行: 第308行:
||Trichoderma paucisporum |Samuels, Carm. Suárez & K. Solis
||Trichoderma paucisporum |Samuels, Carm. Suárez & K. Solis
|盾状木霉 |Trichoderma peltatum |(Berk.) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|盾状木霉 |Trichoderma peltatum |(Berk.) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma perviride |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|墨绿木霉 |Trichoderma perviride |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|彼得森木霉 |Trichoderma petersenii |Samuels, Dodd & Schroers
|彼得森木霉 |Trichoderma petersenii |Samuels, Dodd & Schroers<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma pezizoides |(Berk. & Broome) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|盘菌状木霉 |Trichoderma pezizoides |(Berk. & Broome) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma phellinicola |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma phellinicola |Jaklitsch
|竹生木霉 |Trichoderma phyllostachydis |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|竹生木霉 |Trichoderma phyllostachydis |P. Chaverri & Samuels,毛竹木霉
|洋大戟草木霉 |Trichoderma piluliferum |J. Webster & Rifai
|洋大戟草木霉 |Trichoderma piluliferum |J. Webster & Rifai
||Trichoderma pinicola |S.-Y. Oh, M.S. Park & Y.W. Lim
||Trichoderma pinicola |S.-Y. Oh, M.S. Park & Y.W. Lim
第294行: 第320行:
|侧耳木霉 |Trichoderma pleuroticola |S.H. Yu & M.S. Park,侧耳生木霉
|侧耳木霉 |Trichoderma pleuroticola |S.H. Yu & M.S. Park,侧耳生木霉
|平菇木霉 |Trichoderma pleurotum |
|平菇木霉 |Trichoderma pleurotum |
|多青霉梗木霉 |Trichoderma pluripenicillatum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma pollinicola |F. Liu & L. Cai
||Trichoderma pollinicola |F. Liu & L. Cai
||Trichoderma polyalthiae |K. Nuankaew & Boonlue
||Trichoderma polyalthiae |K. Nuankaew & Boonlue
||Trichoderma polypori |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|多孔菌木霉 |Trichoderma polypori |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|多孢木霉 |Trichoderma polysporum |(Link) Rifai
|多孢木霉 |Trichoderma polysporum |(Link) Rifai
||Trichoderma poronioideum |(Möller) Samuels
||Trichoderma poronioideum |(Möller) Samuels
||Trichoderma priscilae |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|普丽西拉木霉 |Trichoderma priscilae |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|近多孔菌生木霉 |Trichoderma propepolypori |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma protopulvinatum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma protopulvinatum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma pruinosum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|霜状木霉 |Trichoderma pruinosum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma pseudobritdaniae |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|假亚洲木霉 |Trichoderma pseudoasiaticum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma pseudocandidum |Minnis, Samuels & P. Chaverri
|假类棘孢木霉 |Trichoderma pseudoasperelloides |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma pseudodensum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|假英丹木霉 |Trichoderma pseudobritdaniae |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|假雪白木霉 |Trichoderma pseudocandidum |Minnis, Samuels & P. Chaverri
|假密梗木霉 |Trichoderma pseudodensum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma pseudogelatinosum |(M. Komatsu & Yoshim. Doi) Chang S. Kim
||Trichoderma pseudogelatinosum |(M. Komatsu & Yoshim. Doi) Chang S. Kim
|假康宁木霉 |Trichoderma pseudokoningii |Rifai
|假康宁木霉 |Trichoderma pseudokoningii |Rifai
||Trichoderma pseudolacteum |Chang S. Kim & N. Maek.
|假乳白木霉 |Trichoderma pseudolacteum |Chang S. Kim & N. Maek.<ref name=zhu/>
|假黑绿木霉 |Trichoderma pseudonigrovirens |Minnis, Samuels & P. Chaverri
|假黑绿木霉 |Trichoderma pseudonigrovirens |Minnis, Samuels & P. Chaverri
||Trichoderma pseudostramineum |(Yoshim. Doi) Chang S. Kim
||Trichoderma pseudostramineum |(Yoshim. Doi) Chang S. Kim
||Trichoderma psychrophilum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma psychrophilum |Jaklitsch
|软毛木霉 |Trichoderma pubescens |Bissett
|软毛木霉 |Trichoderma pubescens |Bissett
||Trichoderma pulvinatum |(Fuckel) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|垫状木霉 |Trichoderma pulvinatum |(Fuckel) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma purpureum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|紫木霉 |Trichoderma purpureum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma pyramidale |Jaklitsch & P. Chaverri
|塔梗木霉 |Trichoderma pyramidale |Jaklitsch & P. Chaverri
||Trichoderma racemosum |McAlpine
||Trichoderma racemosum |McAlpine
|李氏木霉 |Trichoderma reesei |E.G. Simmons,里氏木霉
|李氏木霉 |Trichoderma reesei |E.G. Simmons,里氏木霉
||Trichoderma restrictum |du Plessis & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma restrictum |du Plessis & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma rhododendri |(Jaklitsch) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|罗德曼木霉 |Trichoderma rhododendri |(Jaklitsch) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma rifaii |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma rifaii |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma rodmanii |(Samuels & P. Chaverri) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|罗德曼木霉 |Trichoderma rodmanii |(Samuels & P. Chaverri) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr<ref name=zhu/>
|罗杰氏木霉 |Trichoderma rogersonii |Samuels
|罗杰氏木霉 |Trichoderma rogersonii |Samuels,罗杰森木霉<ref name=zhu/>
||Trichoderma rosellum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma rosellum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|俄罗斯木霉 |Trichoderma rossicum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|俄罗斯木霉 |Trichoderma rossicum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
||Trichoderma rosulatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|莲座木霉 |Trichoderma rosulatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma rubi |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma rubi |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma rufobrunneum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|褐红木霉 |Trichoderma rufobrunneum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|皱座木霉 |Trichoderma rugosum |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma rugulosum |M.S. Park, S.Y. Oh & Y.W. Lim
||Trichoderma rugulosum |M.S. Park, S.Y. Oh & Y.W. Lim
||Trichoderma sambuci |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma sambuci |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma samuelsii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|塞缪尔斯木霉 |Trichoderma samuelsii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma saturnisporopsis |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma saturnisporopsis |Samuels & Jaklitsch
|土星孢木霉 |Trichoderma saturnisporum |Hammill,丰孢木霉<ref>Terrence M. Hammill (1970) Paecilomyces Clavisporis Sp. Nov., Trichoderma Saturnisporum Sp. Nov., and Other Noteworthy Soil Fungi from Georgia, Mycologia, 62:1, 107-122, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1970.12018947</ref>
|土星孢木霉 |Trichoderma saturnisporum |Hammill
||Trichoderma scalesiae |Samuels & H.C. Evans
||Trichoderma scalesiae |Samuels & H.C. Evans
|蜥状木霉 |Trichoderma scorpioideum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma semiorbis |(Berk.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma semiorbis |(Berk.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma sempervirentis |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma sempervirentis |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
第340行: 第372行:
|四川木霉 |Trichoderma sichuanense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|四川木霉 |Trichoderma sichuanense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma silvae-virgineae |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma silvae-virgineae |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma simmonsii |P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Samuels, Degenkolb & Jaklitsch
|相似木霉 |Trichoderma simile |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|木霉 |Trichoderma simplex |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|西蒙斯木霉 |Trichoderma simmonsii |P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Samuels, Degenkolb & Jaklitsch
|简单木霉 |Trichoderma simplex |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|中国木霉 |Trichoderma sinense |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács,中华木霉
|中国木霉 |Trichoderma sinense |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács,中华木霉
|南方木霉 |Trichoderma sinoaustrale |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|南方木霉 |Trichoderma sinoaustrale |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
第358行: 第391行:
||Trichoderma stellatum |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma stellatum |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma stercorarium |(Barrasa, A.T. Martínez & G. Moreno) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma stercorarium |(Barrasa, A.T. Martínez & G. Moreno) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|闪碳团木霉 |Trichoderma stilbohypoxyli |Samuels & Schroers
|闪碳团木霉 |Trichoderma stilbohypoxyli |Samuels & Schroers<ref name=zhu/>
|柄座木霉 |Trichoderma stipitatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|柄座木霉 |Trichoderma stipitatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|草黄木霉 |Trichoderma stramineum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|草黄木霉 |Trichoderma stramineum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
第367行: 第400行:
|近桤木木霉 |Trichoderma subalni |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|近桤木木霉 |Trichoderma subalni |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma subalpinum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma subalpinum |Jaklitsch
|淡蓝木霉 |Trichoderma subazureum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma subeffusum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma subeffusum |Jaklitsch
|丝层状木霉 |Trichoderma subiculoides |Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang
|丝层状木霉 |Trichoderma subiculoides |Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma subsulphureum |(Syd. & P. Syd.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma subsulphureum |(Syd. & P. Syd.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma subtrachycarpum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma subtrachycarpum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|锥梗木霉 |Trichoderma subuliforme |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|亚绿色木霉 |Trichoderma subviride |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang,近绿木霉
|亚绿色木霉 |Trichoderma subviride |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang,近绿木霉
||Trichoderma succisum |(Rifai) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma succisum |(Rifai) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma sulawesense |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma sulawesense |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|硫色木霉 |Trichoderma sulphureum |(Schwein.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|硫色木霉 |Trichoderma sulphureum |(Schwein.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|超轮生木霉 |Trichoderma supraverticillatum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|球座木霉 |Trichoderma surrotundum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
|球座木霉 |Trichoderma surrotundum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma sympodianum |Kulik
||Trichoderma sympodianum |Kulik
第390行: 第426行:
|天堂寨木霉 |Trichoderma tiantangzhaiense |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|天堂寨木霉 |Trichoderma tiantangzhaiense |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|西藏木霉 |Trichoderma tibetense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|西藏木霉 |Trichoderma tibetense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|西藏木霉 |Trichoderma tibeticum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|绒毛木霉 |Trichoderma tomentosum |Bissett
|绒毛木霉 |Trichoderma tomentosum |Bissett
||Trichoderma trachycarpum |(Syd.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma trachycarpum |(Syd.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
第397行: 第434行:
||Trichoderma tsugarense |Yabuki & Okuda
||Trichoderma tsugarense |Yabuki & Okuda
||Trichoderma turrialbense |Samuels, Degenkolb, K.F. Nielsen & Gräfenhan
||Trichoderma turrialbense |Samuels, Degenkolb, K.F. Nielsen & Gräfenhan
|钩状木霉 |Trichoderma uncinatum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|曲毛木霉 |Trichoderma undatipilosum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|曲毛木霉 |Trichoderma undatipilosum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma undulatum |du Plessis & K. Jacobs
||Trichoderma undulatum |du Plessis & K. Jacobs
第419行: 第457行:
|淡绿木霉 |Trichoderma viridulum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|淡绿木霉 |Trichoderma viridulum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma virilente |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma virilente |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|沃格玛木霉 |Trichoderma voglmayrii |Jaklitsch
|沃格玛木霉 |Trichoderma voglmayrii |Jaklitsch<ref name=zhu/>
|普通木霉 |Trichoderma vulgatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|普通木霉 |Trichoderma vulgatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma vulpinum |Fuckel
||Trichoderma vulpinum |Fuckel
第432行: 第470行:
== 生物防治之作用機制 ==
== 生物防治之作用機制 ==
# 產生抗生素:
# 產生抗生素:
#* 木黴所產生的抗生素可抑制病原真菌孢子的發芽和菌絲的生長。
#* 木黴所產生的抗生素可抑制病原真菌孢子的發芽和菌絲的生長。
# 競爭養分:
# 競爭養分:
#* 木黴和病原真菌競爭孢子發芽、生長、代謝所需之養分,達到抑制其發展的效果。
#* 木黴和病原真菌競爭孢子發芽、生長、代謝所需之養分,達到抑制其發展的效果。
# 細胞壁分解酵素:
# 細胞壁分解酵素:
#* 分解病原真菌的細胞壁,使其無法生長。包含幾丁質分解酵素和多醣分解酵素。植物體、放線菌、細菌和其他真菌,也可能會有這種酵素。若把產生幾丁質分解酵素的基因植入植物體中也有防治病原真菌的效果。
#* 分解病原真菌的細胞壁,使其無法生長。包含幾丁質分解酵素和多醣分解酵素。植物體、放線菌、細菌和其他真菌,也可能會有這種酵素。若把產生幾丁質分解酵素的基因植入植物體中也有防治病原真菌的效果。
# 超寄生的四部曲:
# 超寄生的四部曲:
#* 第一步--趨化生長:木黴趨往'''產生化學刺激物的病原菌'''生長
#* 第一步--趨化生長:木黴趨往'''產生化學刺激物的病原菌'''生長
#* 第二步--辨識:病原菌所含有的聚血素和結抗菌表面的受體有專一性的配對。
#* 第二步--辨識:病原菌所含有的聚血素和結抗菌表面的受體有專一性的配對。
#* 第三步--接觸+分解細胞壁
#* 第三步--接觸+分解細胞壁
第465行: 第503行:


== 相關產品 ==
== 相關產品 ==
綠木黴R42
綠木黴R42


* 台灣本土篩選出來,有核可登記的木黴
* 台灣本土篩選出來,有核可登記的木黴
* 商品名稱:一值生
* 商品名稱:一值生
* 防治對象:蔬菜苗立枯病<ref>{{cite web |title=安全资材组 |url=https://www.tactri.gov.tw/Item/Detail/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%9D%90%E7%B5%84 |website=www.tactri.gov.tw |accessdate=2019-01-11 |archive-date=2019-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111180114/https://www.tactri.gov.tw/Item/Detail/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%9D%90%E7%B5%84 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 防治對象:蔬菜苗立枯病<ref>{{cite web |title=安全资材组 |url=https://www.tactri.gov.tw/Item/Detail/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%9D%90%E7%B5%84 |website=www.tactri.gov.tw |accessdate=2019-01-11 |archive-date=2019-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111180114/https://www.tactri.gov.tw/Item/Detail/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%9D%90%E7%B5%84 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
第474行: 第512行:
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{taxonbar}}
{{taxonbar}}
[[Category: 木霉属|*]]
[[Category: 木霉属|*]]
[[Category: 肉座菌科|M]]
[[Category: 肉座菌科|M]]
[[Category: 1801年描述的分类群|M]]
[[Category: 1801年描述的分类群|M]]

2024年4月28日 (日) 12:30的最新版本

木霉菌属
哈茨木霉 Trichoderma harzianum
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes
目: 肉座菌目 Hypocreales
科: 肉座菌科 Hypocreaceae
属: 木霉菌属 Trichoderma
Persoon ex Gray, 1801
模式種
Trichoderma fuliginoides
Pers. (1801)
異名
  • Pyreniopsis O.Kuntze, 1898
  • Pyrenium Tode
  • Sporoderma Montagne, 1856
  • Tolypomyria Preuss, 1852

木霉属學名Trichoderma)是肉座菌科下的一个属,是一属生長快速且普遍存在環境中的腐生性絲狀真菌,如土壤、空氣、植物殘骸枯枝落葉、各種醱酵物上,或是植物根圈、葉片、種子及球莖表面。

木黴又称木霉菌,最大的特色就是超寄生,入侵其他真菌的菌絲中,與作物的病原真菌結抗,是目前最普遍應用的生物性殺菌劑真菌菌種。[1]

形態特徵

[编辑]

菌絲:無色,分支錯綜複雜,菌落棉絮狀。無性態的木黴,在產孢前是白色,產孢後變成綠色。

分生孢子梗:其形態為直立或微彎、有次級分支。

瓶狀孢子梗:略呈圓錐,長在分生孢子梗兩側、可能是單生或是叢生。

瓶狀孢子:(黃)綠色(橢)圓形,有黏性,單孢單室,集結於瓶梗。

厚膜孢子:透明無色的圓形或卵圓形孢子,其外壁光滑、可能為間生或頂生。[1]

分類

[编辑]

木黴的有性世代及無性世代有不同的分類:

無性世代--不完全菌門、絲孢綱、叢梗孢目、木黴屬。

有性世代--子囊菌門、核菌綱、肉座菌目、肉座菌屬。[1]

木霉属有以下菌种:[2]

生物防治之作用機制

[编辑]
  1. 產生抗生素:
    • 木黴所產生的抗生素可抑制病原真菌孢子的發芽和菌絲的生長。
  2. 競爭養分:
    • 木黴和病原真菌競爭孢子發芽、生長、代謝所需之養分,達到抑制其發展的效果。
  3. 細胞壁分解酵素:
    • 分解病原真菌的細胞壁,使其無法生長。包含幾丁質分解酵素和多醣分解酵素。植物體、放線菌、細菌和其他真菌,也可能會有這種酵素。若把產生幾丁質分解酵素的基因植入植物體中也有防治病原真菌的效果。
  4. 超寄生的四部曲:
    • 第一步--趨化生長:木黴趨往產生化學刺激物的病原菌生長
    • 第二步--辨識:病原菌所含有的聚血素和結抗菌表面的受體有專一性的配對。
    • 第三步--接觸+分解細胞壁
    • 第四步--穿刺:產生很像附著器的構造,入侵到病原真菌的菌絲中。
  5. 誘導植物產生抗性:
    • 促進植物生長:
      • 減少次要或病徵不明顯的病原菌危害。
      • 促進養分吸收。
      • 提供生長激素、維生素等生長所需物。
      • 減少土中的有害物濃度。
    • 讓植物產生木質化:使病原不易入侵。[7]

防治對象

[编辑]
  • 甘藍黑腐病
  • 番茄青枯病
  • 水稻稻熱病
  • 紋枯病及白葉枯病
  • 蔬菜苗期立枯病
  • 白粉病
  • 露菌病
  • 茄科疫病
  • 葉黴病
  • 灰黴病
  • 枝枯病
  • 晚疫病[8]

相關產品

[编辑]

綠木黴R42

  • 台灣本土篩選出來,有核可登記的木黴
  • 商品名稱:一值生
  • 防治對象:蔬菜苗立枯病[9]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 陳俊位. 鄧雅靜、蔡宜峯. 木黴菌在作物病害防治的開發與應用. 農業生物資材產業發展研討會專刊. 2014 [2019-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-31). 
  2. ^ Trichoderma Persoon ex Gray, 1801. GBIF. [2022-06-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-07). 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 朱兆香,庄文颖.木霉属12个中国新记录种和3个新组合[J].菌物学报, 2014, 33(6):35.DOI:10.13346/j.mycosystema.140137.
  4. ^ Günther F. Kraus, Irina Druzhinina, Walter Gams, John Bissett, Doustmorad Zafari, George Szakacs, Alexei Koptchinski, Hansjörg Prillinger, Rasoul Zare & Christian P. Kubicek (2004) Trichoderma brevicompactum sp. nov., Mycologia, 96:5, 1059-1073, DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832905
  5. ^ An, X.-Y.; Cheng, G.-H.; Gao, H.-X.; Li, X.-F.; Yang, Y.; Li, D.; Li, Y. Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichoderma Species Associated with Green Mold Disease on Mushrooms and Two New Pathogens on Ganoderma sichuanense. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070704
  6. ^ Terrence M. Hammill (1970) Paecilomyces Clavisporis Sp. Nov., Trichoderma Saturnisporum Sp. Nov., and Other Noteworthy Soil Fungi from Georgia, Mycologia, 62:1, 107-122, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1970.12018947
  7. ^ 羅朝村、黃秀華. 微生物農藥:木黴菌、病原菌與作物的三角關係. 科學發展. 2009, (443): 34-41 [2019-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-11). 
  8. ^ 陈俊位; 邓雅静;蔡宜峰;. 木霉菌在作物病害防治的开发与应用. 2014-03-24 [2019-01-11]. 
  9. ^ 安全资材组. www.tactri.gov.tw. [2019-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-11).