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哈維·庫興:修订间差异

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當他退休後,曾於1933到1937年間擔任耶魯大學醫學院的[[斯特林教席]]<ref name="brainman">{{cite news |author = |coauthors = |title = Brainman|url = http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,761070,00.html|work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date = April 17, 1939|accessdate = March 21, 2010}}</ref>。
當他退休後,曾於1933到1937年間擔任耶魯大學醫學院的[[斯特林教席]]<ref name="brainman">{{cite news |author = |coauthors = |title = Brainman|url = http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,761070,00.html|work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date = April 17, 1939|accessdate = March 21, 2010}}</ref>。


庫興於1939年10月7日,因[[心肌梗塞]]的併發症逝世於[[康乃狄克州]]的[[紐黑文]]市<ref name="brainman">{{cite news |author = |coauthors = |title = Brainman|url = http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,761070,00.html|work = [[Time (雜誌)|Time]]|date = April 17, 1939|accessdate = March 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="obit">{{cite news |author = |title = Dr. Cushing Dead; Brain Surgeon, 70. A Pioneer Who Won Fame as Founder of New School of Neuro-Surgery. Discovered Malady Affecting Pituitary Gland. Was Noted Teacher and Author|url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30915F73C5A177A93CAA9178BD95F4D8385F9|work = [[The New York Times]]|date = October 8, 1939|accessdate = March 21, 2010}}</ref>。葬於[[克里夫蘭]]的湖景墓園<ref>{{cite news |author = |title = Services for Surgeon Held in Cleveland Cemetery|url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30A16FA3F5A177A93C3A8178BD95F4D8385F9|quote = Harvey Williams Cushing, noted brain surgeon and neurologist, who died in New Haven, Conn., on Saturday, was buried here today on a knoll, a plot adjoining that of John D. Rockefeller, in Lake View Cemetery. Burial a brief private service read by the Rev. ...|work = The New York Times|date = October 11, 1939|accessdate = March 22, 2010}}</ref>。他死後捐出大體供解剖研究,報告發現他的[[第三腦室]]有膠質狀囊腫。
庫興於1939年10月7日,因[[心肌梗塞]]的併發症逝世於[[康乃狄克州]]的[[紐黑文]]市<ref name="brainman"/><ref name="obit">{{cite news |author = |title = Dr. Cushing Dead; Brain Surgeon, 70. A Pioneer Who Won Fame as Founder of New School of Neuro-Surgery. Discovered Malady Affecting Pituitary Gland. Was Noted Teacher and Author|url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30915F73C5A177A93CAA9178BD95F4D8385F9|work = [[The New York Times]]|date = October 8, 1939|accessdate = March 21, 2010}}</ref>。葬於[[克里夫蘭]]的湖景墓園<ref>{{cite news |author = |title = Services for Surgeon Held in Cleveland Cemetery|url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30A16FA3F5A177A93C3A8178BD95F4D8385F9|quote = Harvey Williams Cushing, noted brain surgeon and neurologist, who died in New Haven, Conn., on Saturday, was buried here today on a knoll, a plot adjoining that of John D. Rockefeller, in Lake View Cemetery. Burial a brief private service read by the Rev. ...|work = The New York Times|date = October 11, 1939|accessdate = March 22, 2010}}</ref>。他死後捐出大體供解剖研究,報告發現他的[[第三腦室]]有膠質狀囊腫。


== 貢獻 ==
== 貢獻 ==

2015年11月25日 (三) 04:36的版本

哈維·威廉斯·庫興
1938年的哈維·庫興
出生(1869-04-08)1869年4月8日
 美国俄亥俄州克里夫蘭
逝世1939年10月7日(1939歲—10—07)(70歲)
知名于腦外科先驅
庫興氏症候群

哈維·威廉斯·庫興Harvey Williams Cushing,1869年4月8日—1939年10月7日)是美國神經外科名醫。他是腦外科學的先驅、最早提出庫興氏症候群的學者,被後世稱作「現代神經外科之父」。

出生背景

庫興醫師出生於俄亥俄州克里夫蘭。他的祖先是17世紀前往美國麻塞諸塞州欣厄姆市的清教徒[1]。他的父親,柯克·庫興,是一位內科醫師。哈維·庫興是家中十個孩子中的么子。

求學過程

哈維·庫興於1891年獲得耶魯大學文學士學位。在耶魯大學期間,他是秘密社群「卷軸鑰匙」(Scroll and Key)以及「ΔΚΕ」(Delta Kappa Epsilon)的成員。他隨後於哈佛醫學院習醫,並於1895年獲得醫學士學位。哈維·庫興在哈佛醫學院的附屬醫院麻州總醫院完成實習。接著前往巴爾的摩市約翰·霍普金斯醫院,在外科名醫威廉·史都華·豪斯泰德的指導下接受外科住院醫師訓練。

早年生涯

庫興留學英國,曾在伯恩接受埃米爾·特奧多爾·科赫爾指導、在利物浦接受查爾斯·斯科特·謝靈頓指導開腦手術。他在科赫爾醫師旗下工作時,首次發表庫興反射描述血壓腦內壓的變化關係。隨後他回到巴爾的摩開始獨立行醫。時年32歲的他,被委任為約翰·霍普金斯醫院的外科副教授,並全權負責中樞神經系統的手術病人。他利用時間發表無數關於腦和脊隨手術的論文。在巴爾的摩時,他開發了以局部麻醉進行手術的方法,他描述局部麻醉應用於疝氣手術的論文也使他在歐洲享有盛名。1911年,他被聘任為麻州布萊根婦女醫院的外科部主任。[2]並於1912年起擔任哈佛醫學院的外科學教授。[3]

晚年生涯

庫興是普立茲獎得獎名作《威廉·歐斯勒爵士的一生》(Life of Sir William Osler)的作者(牛津大學出版社1925發行)。威廉·歐斯勒醫師是庫興在約翰·霍普金斯大學的恩師。

當他退休後,曾於1933到1937年間擔任耶魯大學醫學院的斯特林教席[3]

庫興於1939年10月7日,因心肌梗塞的併發症逝世於康乃狄克州紐黑文[3][4]。葬於克里夫蘭的湖景墓園[5]。他死後捐出大體供解剖研究,報告發現他的第三腦室有膠質狀囊腫。

貢獻

在二十世紀初,他開發了許多開顱的基礎手術技術與原則。這些超時代的貢獻奠定了他在此領域的泰斗地位。在他的影響之下,神經外科在外科學領域成為一個新的獨立學門。

克里夫蘭的湖景墓園前,標誌庫興的告示牌
  • 他顯著提升了病人在高難度腦手術切除顱內腫瘤的存活率。
  • 他使用X光攝影來診斷腦瘤。(即使今日,以X光影像診斷腦腫瘤幾乎是難以做到的事。現已多仰賴電腦斷層攝影核磁共振
  • 他使用電刺激研究人體大腦皮質的感覺區。
  • 物理學家威廉·T·波維(William T. Bovie)開發出的手術用電燒器,庫興在過程扮演重要角色。
  • 他是20世紀前十年神經外科學界教師的第一把交椅。
    《哈維·庫興博士》,1908年,油彩畫,艾德蒙·C·塔貝爾作。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Lincoln, Solomon Jr.; Gill, Caleb Jr. History of the Town of Hingham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Farmer and Brown, Hingham, 1827.
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh (编). Cushing, Harvey. Encyclopædia Britannica 第12版. London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 1922. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Brainman. Time. April 17, 1939 [March 21, 2010]. 
  4. ^ Dr. Cushing Dead; Brain Surgeon, 70. A Pioneer Who Won Fame as Founder of New School of Neuro-Surgery. Discovered Malady Affecting Pituitary Gland. Was Noted Teacher and Author. The New York Times. October 8, 1939 [March 21, 2010]. 
  5. ^ Services for Surgeon Held in Cleveland Cemetery. The New York Times. October 11, 1939 [March 22, 2010]. Harvey Williams Cushing, noted brain surgeon and neurologist, who died in New Haven, Conn., on Saturday, was buried here today on a knoll, a plot adjoining that of John D. Rockefeller, in Lake View Cemetery. Burial a brief private service read by the Rev. ...