胸脊鲨属:修订间差异
外观
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补救5个来源,并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.7 |
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* ''S. altonensis'' |
* ''S. altonensis'' |
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* ''S. concavus'' <small>Ginter, 2018</small><ref>{{cite journal |author=Michał Ginter |year=2018 |title=Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=391–401 |doi=10.1515/agp-2018-0009 |url=https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/26053}}</ref> |
* ''S. concavus'' <small>Ginter, 2018</small><ref>{{cite journal |author=Michał Ginter |year=2018 |title=Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=391–401 |doi=10.1515/agp-2018-0009 |url=https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/26053 |access-date=2019-01-24 |archive-date=2019-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428082930/https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/26053 |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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* ''S. gansuensis'' <small>Wang ''et al.'', 2004</small><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=205348 | title=Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis}}</ref> |
* ''S. gansuensis'' <small>Wang ''et al.'', 2004</small><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=205348 | title=Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis | accessdate=2019-01-24 | archive-date=2018-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170223/http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=205348 | dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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* ''S. neilsoni'' |
* ''S. neilsoni'' |
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* ''S. praecursor'' <small>Hussakof & Bryant, 1918</small><ref>http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151636</ref> |
* ''S. praecursor'' <small>Hussakof & Bryant, 1918</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151636 |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2019-01-24 |archive-date=2018-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170208/http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151636 |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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* ''S. resistens'' |
* ''S. resistens'' |
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* ''S. thomasi'' |
* ''S. thomasi'' |
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* ''S. productus'' <small>Newberry, 1897</small><ref>http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151630</ref> |
* ''S. productus'' <small>Newberry, 1897</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151630 |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2019-01-24 |archive-date=2018-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170233/http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151630 |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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[[File:Stethacanthus productus size.png|thumb|left|''S. productus'' 與人類的體型比較]] |
[[File:Stethacanthus productus size.png|thumb|left|''S. productus'' 與人類的體型比較]] |
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[[File:Steth pair1.jpg|thumb|left|一對 ''S. altonensis''(復原圖)]] |
[[File:Steth pair1.jpg|thumb|left|一對 ''S. altonensis''(復原圖)]] |
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胸脊鯊長約 {{convert|70|cm|ft}},外觀像現今的鯊魚。牠們的[[背鰭]]很特別,外形像[[鐵砧]]。牠們的[[头|頭部]]<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D.|year=1999 |title= The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals|publisher= Marshall Editions|location=London|page= 27|isbn= 978-1-84028-152-1}}</ref>及背鰭滿佈細小的棘,就像是現今鯊魚盾鳞的放大版<ref name=EoDP/>。一些學者認為背鰭有求愛的作用,另有一些認為是用來自衛的、或是用來依附在大型海洋動物身上<ref> |
胸脊鯊長約 {{convert|70|cm|ft}},外觀像現今的鯊魚。牠們的[[背鰭]]很特別,外形像[[鐵砧]]。牠們的[[头|頭部]]<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D.|year=1999 |title= The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals|publisher= Marshall Editions|location=London|page= 27|isbn= 978-1-84028-152-1}}</ref>及背鰭滿佈細小的棘,就像是現今鯊魚盾鳞的放大版<ref name=EoDP/>。一些學者認為背鰭有求愛的作用,另有一些認為是用來自衛的、或是用來依附在大型海洋動物身上<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/golden_age.htm |title=Elasmo-research |accessdate=2019-01-24 |archive-date=2017-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231142716/http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/golden_age.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。 |
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==古生態學== |
==古生態學== |
2020年9月17日 (四) 08:52的版本
胸脊鯊 晚 | |
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Stethacanthus productus(復原圖) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes |
目: | †西莫利鯊目 Symmoriiformes |
科: | †胸脊鯊科 Stethacanthidae |
属: | †胸脊鯊屬 Stethacanthus Newberry, 1889 |
模式種 | |
阿爾套胸脊鯊 Stethacanthus altonensis St. John & Worthen, 1875[5]
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種 | |
胸脊鯊(學名:Stethacanthus),又名胸棘鯊或齒背鯊,是全頭亞綱[6]下的一滅絕屬。生存於泥盆紀晚期(382.7 百萬年前)至石炭纪晚期(298.9 百萬年前)。其化石發現于亞洲、歐洲及北美洲。現存與胸脊鯊親緣最近的物種為銀鮫[6]。
描述
胸脊鯊長約 70厘米(2.3英尺),外觀像現今的鯊魚。牠們的背鰭很特別,外形像鐵砧。牠們的頭部[7]及背鰭滿佈細小的棘,就像是現今鯊魚盾鳞的放大版[7]。一些學者認為背鰭有求愛的作用,另有一些認為是用來自衛的、或是用來依附在大型海洋動物身上[8]。
古生態學
胸脊鯊為肉食性,以小型魚類、腕足動物門、海百合為食[9]。然而牠們形狀特殊的背鰭對游泳十分不利,魚鰭和牙齒也較同體型的鯊魚來的小,因此胸脊鯊可能為游動緩慢的底棲魚[10]。大多數的胸脊鯊化石均發現於美國蒙大拿州的熊谷石灰岩中,因此該地點在當時可能屬於牠們的繁殖地,這意味著胸脊鯊可能具有遷徙的習性[11]。
大眾文化
參考
- ^ Michał Ginter. Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska. Acta Geologica Polonica. 2018, 68 (3): 391–401 [2019-01-24]. doi:10.1515/agp-2018-0009. (原始内容存档于2019-04-28).
- ^ Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23).
- ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23).
- ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23).
- ^ http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151628
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Coates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature20806
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 27. ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1.
- ^ Elasmo-research. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-31).
- ^ Walker, S.E.; Brett, C.E. Predators and predation in Paleozoic marine environments. Paleontological Society Papers. 2002, 8: 93–118.
- ^ Lund, Richard. Stethacanthid elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. American Museum Novitates. 1985, 2828: 1–24.
- ^ Grogan, E.D.; Lund, R. The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition. Geodiversitas. 2002, 24: 295–315.
- Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. 2006.