印度河之戰：修订间差异
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* {{cite book |last=Boyle |first=John Andrew |author-link=John Andrew Boyle |title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1968 |isbn=978-0-521-06936-6 }} |
* {{cite book |last=Boyle |first=John Andrew |author-link=John Andrew Boyle |title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1968 |isbn=978-0-521-06936-6 }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Buniyatov |first=Z. M. |trans-title=A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097-1231 |script-title=ru:Государство Хорезмшахов-Ануштегинидов: 1097-1231 |date=2015 |location=Moscow |publisher=Nauka |isbn=978-9943-357-21-1 |translator-last1=Mustafayev |translator-first1=Shahin |translator-last2=Welsford |translator-first2=Thomas }} |
* {{cite book |last=Buniyatov |first=Z. M. |trans-title=A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097-1231 |script-title=ru:Государство Хорезмшахов-Ануштегинидов: 1097-1231 |date=2015 |location=Moscow |publisher=Nauka |isbn=978-9943-357-21-1 |translator-last1=Mustafayev |translator-first1=Shahin |translator-last2=Welsford |translator-first2=Thomas }} |
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* {{cite book |title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History |last1=Dupuy |first1=Trevor N. |last2=Dupuy |first2=R. Ernest |publisher=Harper Collins |date=1993}} |
* {{cite book |title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History |url=https://archive.org/details/harperencycloped0000dupu |last1=Dupuy |first1=Trevor N. |last2=Dupuy |first2=R. Ernest |publisher=Harper Collins |date=1993}} |
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* {{cite book |editor-last1=Fleet |editor-first1=John F. |editor2=Temple |editor-first2=Richard C. | title=The Indian Antiquary A Journal of Oriental research |volume=XIV |year=1885 }} |
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Fleet |editor-first1=John F. |editor2=Temple |editor-first2=Richard C. | title=The Indian Antiquary A Journal of Oriental research |volume=XIV |year=1885 }} |
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* {{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299834 |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |date=1990 |doi=10.2307/4299834 |title=Jalāl Al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind |volume=28 |publisher=British Institute of Persian Studies |journal=Iran |pages=45-54 |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208214451/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299834 }} |
* {{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299834 |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |date=1990 |doi=10.2307/4299834 |title=Jalāl Al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind |volume=28 |publisher=British Institute of Persian Studies |journal=Iran |pages=45-54 |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208214451/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299834 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Sverdrup |first=Carl |title=Numbers in Mongol Warfare |journal=Journal of Medieval Military History |publisher=Boydell Press |volume=8 |pages=109–17 [p. 113] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84383-596-7}} |
* {{cite journal |last=Sverdrup |first=Carl |title=Numbers in Mongol Warfare |journal=Journal of Medieval Military History |publisher=Boydell Press |volume=8 |pages=109–17 [p. 113] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84383-596-7}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Sverdrup|first=Carl|title=The Mongol Conquests The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei|publisher=Helion & Company Limited|year=2017|isbn=978-1-910777-71-8|location=West Midlands|pages=29, 163, 168}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Sverdrup|first=Carl|title=The Mongol Conquests The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei|publisher=Helion & Company Limited|year=2017|isbn=978-1-910777-71-8|location=West Midlands|pages=29, 163, 168}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Tanner |first=Stephen |title=Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander The Great to the Fall of The Taliban |year=2002 |publisher=DA CAPO Press |isbn=0-306-81233-9 }} |
* {{cite book |last=Tanner |first=Stephen |title=Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander The Great to the Fall of The Taliban |url=https://archive.org/details/afghanistanmilit0000tann_a4a7 |year=2002 |publisher=DA CAPO Press |isbn=0-306-81233-9 }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |volume=I |date=2009}} |
* {{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |volume=I |date=2009}} |
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2022年7月8日 (五) 21:36的最新版本
| 印度河之戰 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蒙古征服花剌子模的一部分 | |||||||||
 藝術家描繪的札蘭丁穿越印度河逃離戰場 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| 参战方 | |||||||||
| 蒙古帝國 | 花剌子模王國 | ||||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||||
|
成吉思汗 察合台 窩闊台 | 札蘭丁 | ||||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||||
|
50,000名騎兵[1] 50,000人以上[2] |
3,000名騎兵和700名禁衛軍[1] 30,000–35,000名難民[2] | ||||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||||
|
死傷慘重
| 大部分的軍隊 | ||||||||
印度河之戰，是1221年成吉思汗追擊花剌子模新蘇丹札蘭丁的戰役。
過程
[编辑]在八魯灣之戰之後，因花剌子模軍隊分裂，札蘭丁决定前往德里蘇丹國尋求庇護，大約50000人隨行，數千人是難民。然而，成吉思汗的大軍追上他時，他騎馬跳入印度河，成吉思汗的部將没能追殺到他，但只有少數的難民和他最親密隨從進入印度地區，其他士兵和難民都被蒙古人殺死。
事後
[编辑]札蘭丁在印度地區逗留三年，後回波斯復國。
註腳
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Sverdrup 2010，第109-117頁.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Dupuy 1993，第366頁.
參考文獻
[编辑]- Barthold, Vasily. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion Third. Gibb Memorial Trust. 1968. OCLC 4523164.
- Boyle, John Andrew. The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India according to the Tabaqat-i Nasiri of Juzjani. Islamic Studies (Islamabad: International Islamic University). 1963, 2 (2): 235–47 [2022-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-10）.
- Boyle, John Andrew. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5. Cambridge University Press. 1968. ISBN 978-0-521-06936-6.
- Buniyatov, Z. M. Государство Хорезмшахов-Ануштегинидов: 1097-1231 [A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097-1231]. 由Mustafayev, Shahin; Welsford, Thomas翻译. Moscow: Nauka. 2015. ISBN 978-9943-357-21-1.
- Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History. Harper Collins. 1993.
- Fleet, John F.; Temple, Richard C. (编). The Indian Antiquary A Journal of Oriental research XIV. 1885.
- Jackson, Peter. Jalāl Al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind. Iran (British Institute of Persian Studies). 1990, 28: 45–54 [2022-05-19]. doi:10.2307/4299834. （原始内容存档于2022-02-08）.
- Juvaini, Ata-Malik. Tarikh-i Jahangushay تاریخ جهانگشای [History of the World Conqueror] 2. 由Andrew Boyle, John翻译. c. 1260 （波斯语）.
- McLynn, Frank. Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. Hachette Books. 2015. OCLC 1285130526.
- Sverdrup, Carl. Numbers in Mongol Warfare. Journal of Medieval Military History (Boydell Press). 2010, 8: 109–17 [p. 113]. ISBN 978-1-84383-596-7.
- Sverdrup, Carl. The Mongol Conquests The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei. West Midlands: Helion & Company Limited. 2017: 29, 163, 168. ISBN 978-1-910777-71-8.
- Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander The Great to the Fall of The Taliban. DA CAPO Press. 2002. ISBN 0-306-81233-9.
- Tucker, Spencer. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East I. 2009.